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Hotca A, Sindhu KK, Lehrer EJ, Hartsell WF, Vargas C, Tsai HK, Chang JH, Apisarnthanarax S, Nichols RC, Chhabra AM, Hasan S, Press RH, Lazarev S, Hajj C, Kabarriti R, Rule WG, Simone CB, Choi JI. Reirradiation With Proton Therapy for Recurrent Malignancies of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction: Results of the Proton Collaborative Group Multi-Institutional Prospective Registry Trial. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101459. [PMID: 38596455 PMCID: PMC11002543 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2024.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Treatment options for recurrent esophageal cancer (EC) previously treated with radiation therapy (RT) are limited. Reirradiation (reRT) with proton beam therapy (PBT) can offer lower toxicities by limiting doses to surrounding tissues. In this study, we present the first multi-institutional series reporting on toxicities and outcomes after reRT for locoregionally recurrent EC with PBT. Methods and Materials Analysis of the prospective, multicenter, Proton Collaborative Group registry of patients with recurrent EC who had previously received photon-based RT and underwent PBT reRT was performed. Patient/tumor characteristics, treatment details, outcomes, and toxicities were collected. Local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Event time was determined from reRT start. Results Between 2012 and 2020, 31 patients received reRT via uniform scanning/passive scattering (61.3%) or pencil beam scanning (38.7%) PBT at 7 institutions. Median prior RT, PBT reRT, and cumulative doses were 50.4 Gy (range, 37.5-110.4), 48.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) (25.2-72.1), and 99.9 Gy (79.1-182.5), respectively. Of these patients, 12.9% had 2 prior RT courses, and 67.7% received PBT with concurrent chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 7.2 months (0.9-64.7). Post-PBT, there were 16.7% locoregional only, 11.1% distant only, and 16.7% locoregional and distant recurrences. Six-month LC, DMFS, and OS were 80.5%, 83.4%, and 69.1%, respectively. One-year LC, DMFS, and OS were 67.1%, 83.4%, and 27%, respectively. Acute grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 23% of patients, with 1 acute grade 5 toxicity secondary to esophageal hemorrhage, unclear if related to reRT or disease progression. No grade ≥3 late toxicities were reported. Conclusions In the largest report to date of PBT for reRT in patients with recurrent EC, we observed acceptable acute toxicities and encouraging rates of disease control. However, these findings are limited by the poor prognoses of these patients, who are at high risk of mortality. Further research is needed to better assess the long-term benefits and toxicities of PBT in this specific patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunal K. Sindhu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric J. Lehrer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Smith Apisarnthanarax
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Proton Therapy, Seattle, Washington
| | - Romaine C. Nichols
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Arpit M. Chhabra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
| | - Shaakir Hasan
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Stanislav Lazarev
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
| | - Carla Hajj
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rafi Kabarriti
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Charles B. Simone
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - J. Isabelle Choi
- New York Proton Center, New York, New York
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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2
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Yuan X, Chen J, Shi D, Song J, Wang P, Cheng D, Yang C, Qiu X, Zhai C. Advanced esophageal cancer with bone metastases: Prognostic biomarkers and palliative treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23510. [PMID: 38170113 PMCID: PMC10758821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common and devastating tumor of the upper digestive tract. Unfortunately, by the time any symptoms have manifested, the disease has often progressed to an advanced stage and is accompanied by macro- and micrometastases, including in the bones. The treatment of esophageal cancer with bone metastases remains clinically challenging, given the poor prognosis associated with this condition. Effective prognostic biomarkers can help medical staff choose the appropriate operation and treatment plan, that is for most beneficial for making patients. Current treatments for esophageal cancer with bone metastases include pain-relieving drugs, surgical therapy, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT, including molecular-targeted drug therapy), endocrine therapy (ET), bisphosphonates (BPs) and interventional therapy. Of these robust measures, radiotherapy has emerged as a particularly promising therapy for bone metastases from esophageal cancer. Substantial progress has been made in radiation therapy techniques since the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895. In its palliative capacity, the key goals of radiotherapy are to relieve the patients' bone pain and debilitate effects, including relieving spinal cord compression, correcting the spinal deformity and restoring spinal stability. However, it is worth mentioning that RT for esophageal cancer has various side effects. Currently, the available studies focused exclusively on radiotherapy for ECBM are too small to draw any definitive conclusions, and each of these studies has significant limitations. In this review, in addition to the epidemiology described at the beginning, we will explore the current prognostic biomarkers and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, with a particular focus on those with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yuan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Dingsen Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiaxun Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Pu Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xubin Qiu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chenjun Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
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3
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Bohle W, Nowack L, Schaudt A, Koeninger J, Zoller WG, Albert JG. Endoscopic ultrasound for structured surveillance after curative treatment of esophageal cancer. Z Gastroenterol 2024. [PMID: 38198802 DOI: 10.1055/a-2125-6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structured surveillance after treatment of esophageal cancer is not established. Due to a paucity of data, no agreement exists on how surveillance should be performed. The main argument against intensive follow-up in esophageal cancer is that it may not lead to true survival advantage. METHODS Structured surveillance was performed in 42 patients after multimodal therapy with peri-operative chemotherapy (29) or definitive chemoradiotherapy (13) of esophageal cancer. The surveillance protocol included gastroscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, and CEA measurement at regular intervals of up to five years. We analyzed relapse rate, time to relapse, localization of recurrence, diagnosis within or without structured surveillance, diagnostic method providing the first evidence of a relapse, treatment of recurrence, and outcome. RESULTS Median follow-up was 48 months; 18/42 patients suffered from tumor relapse, with 16 asymptomatic patients diagnosed within structured surveillance. Median time to recurrence was 9 months. Isolated local or locoregional recurrence occurred in 6, and isolated distant relapse in 9 patients. All patients with isolated locoregional recurrence were exclusively diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound. Six patients received curatively intended therapy with surgery or chemoradiation, leading to long-lasting survival. CONCLUSION Structured surveillance offers the chance to identify limited and asymptomatic tumor relapse. Especially in cases of locoregional recurrence, long-lasting survival or even a cure can be achieved. Endoscopic ultrasound is the best method for the detection of locoregional tumor recurrence and should be an integral part of structured surveillance after curative treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Bohle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Katharinenhospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lioba Nowack
- Deparment of Gastroenterology, Katharinenhospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andre Schaudt
- Department of Surgery, Katharinenhospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joerg Koeninger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfram G Zoller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Katharinenhospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg G Albert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Klinikum Stuttgart Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Boerner T, Carr RA, Hsu M, Michel A, Tan KS, Vos E, Sihag S, Bains MS, Ku GY, Wu AJ, Jones DR, Molena D. Incidence and management of esophageal cancer recurrence to regional lymph nodes after curative esophagectomy. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2109-2122. [PMID: 36573352 PMCID: PMC10006335 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Up to 50% of patients treated with curative esophagectomy for esophageal cancer will develop recurrence, contributing to the dismal survival associated with this disease. Regional recurrence may represent disease that is not yet widely metastatic and may therefore be amenable to more-aggressive treatment. We sought to assess all patients treated with curative esophagectomy for esophageal cancer who developed regional recurrence. We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at a single institution from January 2000 to August 2019. In total, 1626 patients were included in the study cohort. As of June 2022, 595 patients had disease recurrence, which was distant or systemic in 435 patients (27%), regional in 125 (7.7%) and local in 35 (2.2%). On multivariable analysis, neoadjuvant chemoradiation with a total radiation dose <45 Gy (hazard ratio [HR], 3.5 [95% CI, 1.7-7.3]; P = .001), pathologic node-positive disease (HR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.3-3.0]; P = .003) and lymphovascular invasion (HR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0-2.5]; P = .049) were predictors of isolated nodal recurrence, whereas increasing age (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.99]; P = .001) and increasing number of excised lymph nodes (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.95-1.00]; P = .021) were independently associated with decreased risk of regional recurrence. Patients treated with a combination of local and systemic therapies had better survival outcomes than patients treated with systemic therapy alone (P < .001). In patients with recurrence of esophageal cancer limited to regional lymph nodes, salvage treatment may be possible. Higher radiation doses and more-extensive lymphadenectomy may reduce the risk of regional recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boerner
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Carr
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meier Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexa Michel
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elvira Vos
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Smita Sihag
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manjit S Bains
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Ku
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abraham J Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Molena
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Pape M, Vissers PAJ, Bertwistle D, McDonald L, Beerepoot LV, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Lagarde SM, Mook S, Mohammad NH, Jeene PM, van Laarhoven HWM, Verhoeven RHA. Population-based study of treatment and outcome of recurrent oesophageal or junctional cancer. Br J Surg 2022; 109:1264-1273. [PMID: 35998093 PMCID: PMC10364682 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction have a high risk of recurrence after treatment with curative intent. The aim of this study was to analyse the site of recurrence, treatment, and survival in patients with recurrent disease. METHODS Patients with non-metastatic oesophageal or junctional carcinoma treated with curative intent between January 2015 and December 2016 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Data on recurrence were collected in the second half of 2019. Overall survival (OS) was assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS In total, 862 of 1909 patients (45.2 per cent) for whom information on follow-up was available had disease recurrence, and 858 patients were included. Some 161 of 858 patients (18.8 per cent) had locoregional recurrence only, 415 (48.4 per cent) had distant recurrence only, and 282 (32.9 per cent) had combined locoregional and distant recurrence. In all, 518 of 858 patients (60.4 per cent) received best supportive care only and 315 (39.6 per cent) underwent tumour-directed therapy. Patients with locoregional recurrence alone more often received chemoradiotherapy than those with distant or combined locoregional and distant recurrence (19.3 per cent versus 0.7 and 2.8 per cent), and less often received systemic therapy (11.2 per cent versus 30.1 and 35.8 per cent). Median OS was 7.6, 4.2, and 3.3 months for patients with locoregional, distant, and combined locoregional and distant recurrence respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Disease recurred after curative treatment in 45.2 per cent of patients. Locoregional recurrence developed in only 18.8 per cent. The vast majority of patients presented with distant or combined locoregional and distant recurrence, and received best supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Pape
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline A J Vissers
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David Bertwistle
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Laura McDonald
- Centre for Observational Research and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Laurens V Beerepoot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Mark I van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stella Mook
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Haj Mohammad
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Jeene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Radiotherapiegroep, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob H A Verhoeven
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Leng C, Cui Y, Chen J, Wang K, Yang H, Wen J, Fu J, Liu Q. A Nomogram Model to Predict Post-Progression Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients With Recurrence After Radical Resection. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925685. [PMID: 35875105 PMCID: PMC9300830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is characterized clinically by frequent recurrence, leading to a poor prognosis after radical surgery. The aim of this study was to identify a prognostic nomogram to predict the post-progression survival (PPS) of ESCC patients based on the features of primary tumor and recurrence.MethodsA total of 234 ESCC patients who underwent recurrence after radical surgery were enrolled in this study. The independent prognostic factors screened by the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were subsequently used to construct a nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated with the concordance index (C-index), decision curve, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and validated in two validation cohorts. The Kaplan-Meier curves of different recurrence patterns were analyzed.ResultsThe prognostic nomogram of PPS was established by integrating independent prognostic factors, including age, body mass index, number of lymph node dissection, recurrence pattern, and recurrence treatment. The nomogram demonstrated good performance, with C-index values of 0.756, 0.817, and 0.730 for the training and two validation cohorts. The 1-year AUC values were 0.773, 0.798, and 0.735 and 3-year AUC values were 0.832, 0.871, and 0.791, respectively. Furthermore, we found that patients with bone metastasis displayed the worst PPS compared to other isolated recurrence patterns.ConclusionWe constructed a nomogram to reliably predict PPS, which would be valuable to provide individual managements for ESCC patients after radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsen Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianwen Liu, ; Jianhua Fu, ; Jing Wen,
| | - Jianhua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianwen Liu, ; Jianhua Fu, ; Jing Wen,
| | - Qianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianwen Liu, ; Jianhua Fu, ; Jing Wen,
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7
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Chidambaram S, Sounderajah V, Maynard N, Markar SR. Evaluation of post-operative surveillance strategies for esophageal and gastric cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:6628787. [PMID: 35788834 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus or guidelines internationally to inform clinicians of how patients should be monitored for recurrence after esophagogastric resections. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the latest evidence investigating the usefulness of surveillance protocols in patients who underwent esophagectomy or gastrectomy. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Review and Scopus databases. Articles were evaluated for the use of surveillance strategies including history-taking, physical examination, imaging modalities and endoscopy for monitoring patients post-gastrectomy or esophagectomy. Studies that compared surveillance strategies and reported detection of recurrence and post-recurrence survival were also included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifteen studies that described a surveillance protocol for post-operative patients were included in the review. Seven studies were used in the meta-analysis. Random-effects analysis demonstrated a statistically significant higher post-recurrence survival (standardized mean difference [SMD] 14.15, 95% CI 1.40-27.26, p = 0.03) with imaging-based planned surveillance post-esophagectomy. However, the detection of recurrence (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.78-3.97, p = 0.17) for esophageal cancers as well as detection of recurrence (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.11-5.12, p = 0.76) and post-recurrence survival (SMD 6.42, 95% CI -2.16-18.42, p = 0.14) for gastric cancers were not significantly different with planned surveillance. CONCLUSION There is no consensus on whether surveillance carries prognostic survival benefit or how surveillance should be carried out. Surveillance may carry prognostic benefit for patients who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer. Randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the survival benefits of intensive surveillance strategies, determine the ideal surveillance protocol and tailor it to the appropriate population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nick Maynard
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Upper GI Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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8
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Pape M, Vissers PA, Beerepoot LV, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Lagarde SM, Mook S, Moehler M, van Laarhoven HW, Verhoeven RH. A population-based study in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer aligned with CheckMate 577. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221075495. [PMID: 35237351 PMCID: PMC8883292 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221075495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Results of CheckMate 577 show an improved disease-free survival for patients with resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer treated with adjuvant nivolumab compared with placebo (22.4 versus 11.0 months). Population-based data can provide insights in outcomes from clinical practice. The aim of our study was to investigate disease-free and overall survival in a nationwide population aligned with the inclusion criteria of CheckMate 577. Patients and Methods: Resected patients with stage II/III esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer (2015–2016) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients with cervical esophageal cancer, irradical resection, or complete pathological response were excluded. Disease-free and overall survival were assessed from 12 weeks after resection using Kaplan-Meier methods. In addition, to adjust for differences in characteristics between CheckMate 577 and our population-based cohort, a matching-adjusted indirect comparison was performed for pathological lymph node status and pathological tumor status. Results: We identified 634 patients. Sixty percent of patients were diagnosed with recurrence or were deceased at the end of follow-up. Median disease-free survival was 19.7 months and median overall survival was 32.2 months. After the matching procedure, the median disease-free survival was 17.2 months and median overall survival was 28.2 months. Conclusions: Disease-free survival in our population-based study was considerably longer than the placebo population of CheckMate-577 (19.7 versus 11.0 months). Possible explanations are differences in characteristics, quality of esophageal cancer care, or differential strategies for evaluation of recurrence. In the Netherlands postoperative imaging is not part of the standard follow-up as opposed to the standard postoperative imaging in the CheckMate 577 trial. The difference in postoperative imaging could partially explain the longer disease-free survival observed in our study. Quality and optimization of current treatment modalities remain important aspects of esophageal cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Pape
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline A.J. Vissers
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens V. Beerepoot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M. Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Mook
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Moehler
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob H.A. Verhoeven
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Godebaldkwartier 419, 3511 DT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Carr RA, Harrington C, Vos E, Bains MS, Bott MJ, Isbell JM, Park BJ, Sihag S, Jones DR, Molena D. Treatment of anastomotic recurrence after esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:418-425. [PMID: 34509415 PMCID: PMC8938857 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated local recurrence after curative esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is a rare event. Although it is potentially curable, management can be challenging. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) from 2000 to 2019. Date of recurrence was defined as the date at which the initial abnormal surveillance study or symptomatic presentation led to further workup and subsequent pathologic diagnosis of recurrence. Overall survival after recurrence was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared between treatment groups using the log-rank test. RESULTS Of the 1370 patients with EAC who underwent esophagectomy in our cohort, 531 (39%) developed recurrence of their disease. The 5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence was 2.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0%-3.6%) for local, 6.3% (95% CI, 5.2%-7.8%) for regional, and 22.0% (95% CI, 20.0%-24.4%) for distant recurrences. On univariable and multivariable competing-risk regression analysis, advanced pT stage, signet ring histology, and serious complication were independently associated with local recurrence. Patients with local recurrence treated with definitive therapy had a median survival after recurrence of 19.1 months (95% CI, 11.4-33.2 months), compared with 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.5-14.2 months) for chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone and 1.73 months (95% CI, 0.23-15.6 months) for no treatment (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Isolated local recurrence occurred in only 3% of patients. Advanced T stage, signet cell histology, and serious complication were risk factors for recurrence. Although complex surgical resection is required, in very select cases, more-aggressive treatment may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Carr
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Caitlin Harrington
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elvira Vos
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Manjit S Bains
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J Bott
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - James M Isbell
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Bernard J Park
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Smita Sihag
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David R Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Molena
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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10
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Xie P, Yin M, He W, Ma Y, Li C, Li Z, Li X, Wang S, Wu G. Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Neoplastic Esophagogastric Anastomotic Strictures After Esophagectomy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668593. [PMID: 34123838 PMCID: PMC8187754 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoplastic esophagogastric anastomotic strictures after resection of esophageal cancer is a very difficult problem in clinical practice. We aim at to investigate the safety and feasibility of arterial infusion chemotherapy in treatment of neoplastic esophagogastric anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy. Methods From October 2014 to December 2019, 50 patients with Neoplastic esophagogastric anastomotic strictures after resection of esophageal cancer were assessed retrospectively. Preoperative dysphagia was grade III in 34 cases and grade IV in 16 cases. Thirty-eight patients had different degrees of dyspnea before surgery Twenty-five patients had intolerable (grade IV) dyspnea and airway stenting was undertaken before surgery. Thirteen patients had tolerable dyspnea that did not require airway stenting, and preoperative dyspnea was grade III. Results All patients were successfully treated with arterial infusion chemotherapy, no paraplegia or death occurred. The dysphagia grade of 50 patients after AIC was compared: one case had grade I, 40 cases had grade II, and nine cases had grade III. Thirteen patients had tolerable dyspnea that did not necessitate airway stenting. Dyspnea was classified as grade I in five cases and grade II in eight cases. After 1–3 courses of AIC, 50 patients were followed up for a complete response (eight cases), partial response (28) and stable disease (14 cases). Total objective effective rate (complete response+ partial response) and disease control rate(complete response + partial response + stable disease)were 72.0% and 100.0%, respectively. The median duration of follow-up was 8.5 months. One-year survival was 46.0%. Conclusion Arterial infusion chemotherapy is safe and efficacious treatment for Neoplastic esophagogastric anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xie
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meipan Yin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaozhen Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Bjerring OS, Hess S, Petersen H, Fristrup CW, Lundell L, Mortensen MB. Value of regular endosonography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT after surgery for gastro-oesophageal junction, stomach or pancreatic cancer. BJS Open 2020; 5:6044702. [PMID: 33688946 PMCID: PMC7944502 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients undergo follow-up after surgery for cancers of the gastro-oesophageal junction, stomach or pancreas, but data to support which modalities to use and the frequency of investigation are limited. METHODS Patients in the EUFURO study were randomized to either visits to the outpatient clinic at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery (standard), or to the addition of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy to clinical assessments (intervention). Data from the intervention arm were used to analyse the diagnostic performance of endosonography or [18F]FDG PET-CT in detecting recurrences. RESULTS During the scheduled follow-up, 42 of 89 patients developed recurrence; PET-CT and EUS in combination detected 38 of these recurrences. EUS detected 23 of the 42 patients with recurrent disease during follow-up and correctly diagnosed 17 of 19 locoregional recurrences. EUS was able to detect isolated locoregional recurrence in 11 of 13 patients. In five patients, EUS was false-positive for isolated locoregional recurrence owing to missed distant metastases. PET-CT detected locoregional recurrence in only 12 of 19 patients, and isolated locoregional recurrence in only 7 of 13. False-positive PET-CT results in 23 patients led to a total of 44 futile procedures. CONCLUSION Accuracy in detecting recurrences by concomitant use of PET-CT and EUS was high (90 per cent). PET-CT had moderate to high sensitivity for overall recurrence detection, but low specificity. EUS was superior to PET-CT in the detection of locoregional and isolated locoregional recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Bjerring
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,OPAC, Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Hess
- Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hospital South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H Petersen
- Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - C W Fristrup
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,OPAC, Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Lundell
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M B Mortensen
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,OPAC, Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Sakaki A, Kanamori J, Ishiyama K, Kurita D, Oguma J, Daiko H. Distribution of lymph node metastases in locally advanced adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (cT2-4): comparison between Siewert type I and selected Siewert type II tumors. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2020; 405:509-19. [PMID: 32514766 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-020-01894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The distribution of lymph node metastases in locally advanced Siewert type I and type II AEG (adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction) remains unclear. The diversity of data in the literature reflects the non-uniformity of tumor stages and surgical procedures in previous studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on a retrospective analysis from our single-center database, we examined distributions of lymph node metastases in types I and II cT2-4 AEG. The dataset comprised 44 patients; 19 and 25 patients had type I and type II, respectively. All patients underwent subtotal esophagectomy and total mediastinal lymphadenectomy, which included dissection of the upper mediastinal lymph nodes. The histological data of the surgical specimens were analyzed to evaluate metastasis rates in each lymph node station according to the Japanese Esophageal Society (JES) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guidelines. RESULTS Lymph node metastases were observed in 75.0% cases (n = 33/44). There was no significant difference in the total lymph node metastasis rate between the two groups (type I 73.7% versus type II 76.0%). On comparing each lymph node region separately, no statistically significant differences were noted between the groups: upper mediastinal (type I 31.6% versus type II 24.0%), middle and lower mediastinal (type I 31.6% versus type II 44.0%), paragastric (type I 61.1% versus type II 76.0%), and celiac lymph nodes (type I 16.7% versus type II 25.0%). CONCLUSION In advanced clinical stages, the metastasis rate is high at all mediastinal lymph node regions in both type I and type II AEGs.
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13
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Wiseman D, Ferri L, Lakatos PL, Fiset PO, Bessissow T. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Colonic Metastases. ACG Case Rep J 2020; 7:e00335. [PMID: 32309520 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is recognized as one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. The disease's tendency to quickly metastasize precludes many patients from receiving curative therapy. The most common sites of distal metastases include the liver, lungs, bones, and brain. We report a case of ESCC metastasizing to the rectosigmoid region years after treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiation and esophagectomy. To our knowledge, only a handful of cases of ESCC with colonic metastases have been previously documented.
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14
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Wang W, Fu S, Lin X, Zheng J, Pu J, Gu Y, Deng W, Liu Y, He Z, Liang W, Wang C. miR-92b-3p Functions As A Key Gene In Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer As Determined By Co-Expression Analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8339-8353. [PMID: 31686859 PMCID: PMC6799829 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy. The aims of the present study were to screen the critical miRNA and corresponding target genes that related to development of ESCC by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and investigate the functions by experimental validation. Methods Datasets of mRNA and miRNA expression data were downloaded from GEO. The R software was used for data preprocessing and differential expression gene analysis. The differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) were selected (FDR <0.05 or |Fold Change (FC)| >1.5). Meanwhile, 81 expression data of ESCC patients in TCGA combined with clinic information were applied by WGCNA to create networks. The correlational analyses between each module and clinical parameters were conducted, and enrichment analyses of GO and KEGG were subsequently performed. Then, a series of experiments were conducted in ESCC cells by use of miRNA mimics. Results In total, 4,023 DEGs and 328 DEMs were screened. After checking good genes and samples, 3,841 genes (3,696 DEGs and 145 DEMs) were used for WGCNA. As a consequence, altogether 11 gene modules were found. Among them, the brown modules were found to be strongly inversely associated with pathological grade. Meanwhile, has-mir-92b, the only miRNA in brown module, had a positive correlation with grade and negatively correlated with potential target gene (KFL4 and DCS2) in the same module. Furthermore, an increased expression of miR-92b-3p and down-regulated KLF4 and DSC2 protein was detected in the ESCC clinical samples. Up-regulated miR-92b-3p shortened G0/G1 phase and promote ESCC cells invasion and migration. Furthermore, we verified that DSC2 and KFL4 was target genes of miR-92b-3p by luciferase report assay. Conclusion WGCNA is an efficient approach to system biology. By this procedure, miR-92b-3p was identified as an ESCC-promoting gene by target KLF4 and DCS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sengwang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Lin
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zheng
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Pu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiang He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an City, JiangSu, People's Republic of China
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15
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Bjerring OS, Fristrup CW, Pfeiffer P, Lundell L, Mortensen MB. Phase II randomized clinical trial of endosonography and PET/CT versus clinical assessment only for follow-up after surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancer (EUFURO study). Br J Surg 2019; 106:1761-1768. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Upper gastrointestinal malignancies have a poor prognosis. There is no consensus on how patients should be followed after surgery. The authors hypothesized that a structured follow-up programme including endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT would detect cancer recurrences, leading to more patients being eligible for therapy.
Methods
After surgery with curative intent for adenocarcinomas in the gastro-oesophageal junction, stomach or pancreas, patients were randomized 1 : 1 to standard clinical assessment in the outpatient clinic at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months after operation, or clinical assessment plus imaging including [18F]FDG PET/CT and EUS. The primary endpoint was number of patients receiving oncological treatment for recurrence. Secondary endpoints were overall and progression-free survival, survival after recurrence detection of isolated locoregional recurrences and risk factors affecting survival.
Results
In total, 183 patients were enrolled, including 93 who underwent standard follow-up and 90 who had follow-up plus imaging. A recurrence was detected in 84 patients within 2 years after surgery (42 in each group), including 33 of 42 patients in the imaging group who were asymptomatic. Some 25 of 42 patients in the imaging group and 14 of 42 in the standard group received chemotherapy (P = 0·028). Although survival after detection of recurrence in asymptomatic patients was significantly longer than that for symptomatic patients (P < 0·001), overall survival from date of surgery in the two treatment groups was comparable.
Conclusion
Follow-up after surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancer with EUS and PET/CT leads to detection of more asymptomatic cancer recurrences and patients referred for treatment without prolonging overall survival. Registration number: NCT02209415 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Bjerring
- Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Section, Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - C W Fristrup
- Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Section, Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Pfeiffer
- Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Lundell
- Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Section, Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M B Mortensen
- Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Section, Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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16
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Mönig S, van Hootegem S, Chevallay M, Wijnhoven BPL. The role of surgery in advanced disease for esophageal and junctional cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 36-37:91-96. [PMID: 30551863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal and junctional cancer has been increasing in western industrialized nations in the past 30 years. At the time of diagnosis, approximately 50% of patients with esophageal and junctional cancers have distant metastases and are considered incurable. In the recent ESMO guidelines and the German S3 guidelines, surgical therapy for metastatic disease is not recommended. In spite of these recommendations, the treatment of limited metastatic (oligo-metastastic) esophagogastric cancer is currently undergoing a shift towards a more aggressive therapy. Selected patients with oligo-metastatic disease may be considered for surgical resection of the primary tumor and the metastases after chemo(radio)therapy and careful evaluation in an interdisciplinary tumor board. We discuss in this review the literature and some guidelines for extended surgical approaches is laid out. In the future, randomized prospective studies like the German RENAISSANCE/FLOT5 trial and the French SURGIGAST trial will feed us with more evidence if multimodal therapy including surgery for limited metastatic disease is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mönig
- Visceral Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sander van Hootegem
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO BOX 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mickael Chevallay
- Visceral Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bas P L Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO BOX 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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