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Kuntawala DH, Martins F, Vitorino R, Rebelo S. Automatic Text-Mining Approach to Identify Molecular Target Candidates Associated with Metabolic Processes for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2283. [PMID: 36767649 PMCID: PMC9915907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by abnormal expansion of unstable CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This disease mainly affects skeletal muscle, resulting in myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness, and atrophy, but also affects other tissues and systems, such as the heart and central nervous system. Despite some studies reporting therapeutic strategies for DM1, many issues remain unsolved, such as the contribution of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunctions to DM1 pathogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify molecular target candidates associated with metabolic processes for DM1. In this study, resorting to a bibliometric analysis, articles combining DM1, and metabolic/metabolism terms were identified and further analyzed using an unbiased strategy of automatic text mining with VOSviewer software. A list of candidate molecular targets for DM1 associated with metabolic/metabolism was generated and compared with genes previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Furthermore, g:Profiler was used to perform a functional enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) and REAC databases. Enriched signaling pathways were identified using integrated bioinformatics enrichment analyses. The results revealed that only 15 of the genes identified in the bibliometric analysis were previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Of note, we identified 71 genes not previously associated with DM1, which are of particular interest and should be further explored. The functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that regulation of cellular metabolic and metabolic processes were the most associated biological processes. Additionally, a number of signaling pathways were found to be enriched, e.g., signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, signaling by NRTK1 (TRKA), TRKA activation by NGF, PI3K-AKT activation, prolonged ERK activation events, and axon guidance. Overall, several valuable target candidates related to metabolic processes for DM1 were identified, such as NGF, NTRK1, RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, DAG, ACTA, ID1, ID2 MYOD, and MYOG. Therefore, our study strengthens the hypothesis that metabolic dysfunctions contribute to DM1 pathogenesis, and the exploitation of metabolic dysfunction targets is crucial for the development of future therapeutic interventions for DM1.
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Nabariya DK, Heinz A, Derksen S, Krauß S. Intracellular and intercellular transport of RNA organelles in CXG repeat disorders: The strength of weak ties. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1000932. [PMID: 36589236 PMCID: PMC9800848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA is a vital biomolecule, the function of which is tightly spatiotemporally regulated. RNA organelles are biological structures that either membrane-less or surrounded by membrane. They are produced by the all the cells and indulge in vital cellular mechanisms. They include the intracellular RNA granules and the extracellular exosomes. RNA granules play an essential role in intracellular regulation of RNA localization, stability and translation. Aberrant regulation of RNA is connected to disease development. For example, in microsatellite diseases such as CXG repeat expansion disorders, the mutant CXG repeat RNA's localization and function are affected. RNA is not only transported intracellularly but can also be transported between cells via exosomes. The loading of the exosomes is regulated by RNA-protein complexes, and recent studies show that cytosolic RNA granules and exosomes share common content. Intracellular RNA granules and exosome loading may therefore be related. Exosomes can also transfer pathogenic molecules of CXG diseases from cell to cell, thereby driving disease progression. Both intracellular RNA granules and extracellular RNA vesicles may serve as a source for diagnostic and treatment strategies. In therapeutic approaches, pharmaceutical agents may be loaded into exosomes which then transport them to the desired cells/tissues. This is a promising target specific treatment strategy with few side effects. With respect to diagnostics, disease-specific content of exosomes, e.g., RNA-signatures, can serve as attractive biomarker of central nervous system diseases detecting early physiological disturbances, even before symptoms of neurodegeneration appear and irreparable damage to the nervous system occurs. In this review, we summarize the known function of cytoplasmic RNA granules and extracellular vesicles, as well as their role and dysfunction in CXG repeat expansion disorders. We also provide a summary of established protocols for the isolation and characterization of both cytoplasmic and extracellular RNA organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sybille Krauß
- Human Biology/Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty IV, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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3
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Chwalenia K, Oieni J, Zemła J, Lekka M, Ahlskog N, Coenen-Stass AM, McClorey G, Wood MJ, Lomonosova Y, Roberts TC. Exon skipping induces uniform dystrophin rescue with dose-dependent restoration of serum miRNA biomarkers and muscle biophysical properties. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022; 29:955-968. [PMID: 36159597 PMCID: PMC9464767 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapies that restore dystrophin expression are presumed to correct Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with antisense-mediated exon skipping being the leading approach. Here we aimed to determine whether exon skipping using a peptide-phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PPMO) conjugate results in dose-dependent restoration of uniform dystrophin localization, together with correction of putative DMD serum and muscle biomarkers. Dystrophin-deficient mdx mice were treated with a PPMO (Pip9b2-PMO) designed to induce Dmd exon 23 skipping at single, ascending intravenous doses (3, 6, or 12 mg/kg) and sacrificed 2 weeks later. Dose-dependent exon skipping and dystrophin protein restoration were observed, with dystrophin uniformly distributed at the sarcolemma of corrected myofibers at all doses. Serum microRNA biomarkers (i.e., miR-1a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-206-3p, miR-483-3p) and creatinine kinase levels were restored toward wild-type levels after treatment in a dose-dependent manner. All biomarkers were strongly anti-correlated with both exon skipping level and dystrophin expression. Dystrophin rescue was also strongly positively correlated with muscle stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus) as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation assay. These data demonstrate that PPMO-mediated exon skipping generates myofibers with uniform dystrophin expression and that both serum microRNA biomarkers and muscle AFM have potential utility as pharmacodynamic biomarkers of dystrophin restoration therapy in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chwalenia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Jacopo Oieni
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Nina Ahlskog
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Anna M.L. Coenen-Stass
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Graham McClorey
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Matthew J.A. Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Yulia Lomonosova
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Thomas C. Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
- Corresponding author Thomas C. Roberts, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK.
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4
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Kakouri AC, Koutalianos D, Koutsoulidou A, Oulas A, Tomazou M, Nikolenko N, Turner C, Roos A, Lusakowska A, Janiszewska K, Papadimas GK, Papadopoulos C, Kararizou E, Papanicolaou EZ, Gorman G, Lochmüller H, Spyrou GM, Phylactou LA. Circulating small RNA signatures differentiate accurately the subtypes of muscular dystrophies: small-RNA next-generation sequencing analytics and functional insights. RNA Biol 2022; 19:507-518. [PMID: 35388741 PMCID: PMC8993092 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2058817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of rare and severe inherited disorders mainly affecting the muscle tissue. Duchene Muscular Dystrophy, Myotonic Dystrophy types 1 and 2, Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy and Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy are some of the members of this family of disorders. In addition to the current diagnostic tools, there is an increasing interest for the development of novel non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of these diseases. miRNAs are small RNA molecules characterized by high stability in blood thus making them ideal biomarker candidates for various diseases. In this study, we present the first genome-wide next-generation small RNA sequencing in serum samples of five different types of muscular dystrophy patients and healthy individuals. We identified many small RNAs including miRNAs, lncRNAs, tRNAs, snoRNAs and snRNAs, that differentially discriminate the muscular dystrophy patients from the healthy individuals. Further analysis of the identified miRNAs showed that some miRNAs can distinguish the muscular dystrophy patients from controls and other miRNAs are specific to the type of muscular dystrophy. Bioinformatics analysis of the target genes for the most significant miRNAs and the biological role of these genes revealed different pathways that the dysregulated miRNAs are involved in each type of muscular dystrophy investigated. In conclusion, this study shows unique signatures of small RNAs circulating in five types of muscular dystrophy patients and provides a useful resource for future studies for the development of miRNA biomarkers in muscular dystrophies and for their involvement in the pathogenesis of the disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Kakouri
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetris Koutalianos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Oulas
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Tomazou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikoletta Nikolenko
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chris Turner
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Lusakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - George K Papadimas
- Department of Neurology, Eginitio hospital, Medical School of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Kararizou
- Department of Neurology, Eginitio hospital, Medical School of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Grainne Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centro Nacional de AnálisisGenómico, Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (Bist), Barcelona, Spain
| | - George M Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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5
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Koutsoulidou A, Koutalianos D, Georgiou K, Kakouri AC, Oulas A, Tomazou M, Kyriakides TC, Roos A, Papadimas GK, Papadopoulos C, Kararizou E, Spyrou GM, Papanicolaou EZ, Lochmüller H, Phylactou LA. Serum miRNAs as biomarkers for the rare types of muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Wang W, Li M, Chen Z, Xu L, Chang M, Wang K, Deng C, Gu Y, Zhou S, Shen Y, Tao F, Sun H. Biogenesis and Function of Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiological Processes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Koutalianos D, Koutsoulidou A, Mytidou C, Kakouri AC, Oulas A, Tomazou M, Kyriakides TC, Prokopi M, Kapnisis K, Nikolenko N, Turner C, Lusakowska A, Janiszewska K, Papadimas GK, Papadopoulos C, Kararizou E, Spyrou GM, Gourdon G, Zamba Papanicolaou E, Gorman G, Anayiotos A, Lochmüller H, Phylactou LA. miR-223-3p and miR-24-3p as novel serum-based biomarkers for myotonic dystrophy type 1. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:169-183. [PMID: 34703840 PMCID: PMC8517008 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common adult-onset muscular dystrophy, primarily characterized by muscle wasting and weakness. Many biomarkers already exist in the rapidly developing biomarker research field that aim to improve patients' care. Limited work, however, has been performed on rare diseases, including DM1. We have previously shown that specific microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as potential biomarkers for DM1 progression. In this report, we aimed to identify novel serum-based biomarkers for DM1 through high-throughput next-generation sequencing. A number of miRNAs were identified that are able to distinguish DM1 patients from healthy individuals. Two miRNAs were selected, and their association with the disease was validated in a larger panel of patients. Further investigation of miR-223-3p, miR-24-3p, and the four previously identified miRNAs, miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b-3p, and miR-206-3p, showed elevated levels in a DM1 mouse model for all six miRNAs circulating in the serum compared to healthy controls. Importantly, the levels of miR-223-3p, but not the other five miRNAs, were found to be significantly downregulated in five skeletal muscles and heart tissues of DM1 mice compared to controls. This result provides significant evidence for its involvement in disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetris Koutalianos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrystalla Mytidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrea C. Kakouri
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Oulas
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Tomazou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Tassos C. Kyriakides
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 300 George Street, Suite 555, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Str., 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
- Theramir Ltd, 13 Georgiou Karaiskaki Str., 3032 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Str., 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nikoletta Nikolenko
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chris Turner
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Lusakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janiszewska
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - George K. Papadimas
- Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School of Athens, 74 Vasilissis Sofias, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Papadopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School of Athens, 74 Vasilissis Sofias, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kararizou
- Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, Medical School of Athens, 74 Vasilissis Sofias, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - George M. Spyrou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Geneviève Gourdon
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Eleni Zamba Papanicolaou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Grainne Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Str., 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Centre–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Leonidas A. Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
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8
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Mytidou C, Koutsoulidou A, Zachariou M, Prokopi M, Kapnisis K, Spyrou GM, Anayiotos A, Phylactou LA. Age-Related Exosomal and Endogenous Expression Patterns of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 in Skeletal Muscles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:708278. [PMID: 34867435 PMCID: PMC8637414 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle growth and maintenance depend on two tightly regulated processes, myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Both processes involve a series of crucial regulatory molecules including muscle-specific microRNAs, known as myomiRs. We recently showed that four myomiRs, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206, are encapsulated within muscle-derived exosomes and participate in local skeletal muscle communication. Although these four myomiRs have been extensively studied for their function in muscles, no information exists regarding their endogenous and exosomal levels across age. Here we aimed to identify any age-related changes in the endogenous and muscle-derived exosomal myomiR levels during acute skeletal muscle growth. The four endogenous and muscle-derived myomiRs were investigated in five skeletal muscles (extensor digitorum longus, soleus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps) of 2-week–1-year-old wild-type male mice. The expression of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b was found to increase rapidly until adolescence in all skeletal muscles, whereas during adulthood it remained relatively stable. By contrast, endogenous miR-206 levels were observed to decrease with age in all muscles, except for soleus. Differential expression of the four myomiRs is also inversely reflected on the production of two protein targets; serum response factor and connexin 43. Muscle-derived exosomal miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b levels were found to increase until the early adolescence, before reaching a plateau phase. Soleus was found to be the only skeletal muscle to release exosomes enriched in miR-206. In this study, we showed for the first time an in-depth longitudinal analysis of the endogenous and exosomal levels of the four myomiRs during skeletal muscle development. We showed that the endogenous expression and extracellular secretion of the four myomiRs are associated to the function and size of skeletal muscles as the mice age. Overall, our findings provide new insights for the myomiRs’ significant role in the first year of life in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Mytidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Margarita Zachariou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- Theramir Ltd., Limassol, Cyprus.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - George M Spyrou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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9
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Visconti VV, Centofanti F, Fittipaldi S, Macrì E, Novelli G, Botta A. Epigenetics of Myotonic Dystrophies: A Minireview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212594. [PMID: 34830473 PMCID: PMC8623789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2) are two multisystemic autosomal dominant disorders with clinical and genetic similarities. The prevailing paradigm for DMs is that they are mediated by an in trans toxic RNA mechanism, triggered by untranslated CTG and CCTG repeat expansions in the DMPK and CNBP genes for DM1 and DM2, respectively. Nevertheless, increasing evidences suggest that epigenetics can also play a role in the pathogenesis of both diseases. In this review, we discuss the available information on epigenetic mechanisms that could contribute to the DMs outcome and progression. Changes in DNA cytosine methylation, chromatin remodeling and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs are described, with the intent of depicting an epigenetic signature of DMs. Epigenetic biomarkers have a strong potential for clinical application since they could be used as targets for therapeutic interventions avoiding changes in DNA sequences. Moreover, understanding their clinical significance may serve as a diagnostic indicator in genetic counselling in order to improve genotype–phenotype correlations in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Veronica Visconti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (F.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Federica Centofanti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (F.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Simona Fittipaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (F.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Elisa Macrì
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (F.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (F.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (G.N.)
- IRCCS (Institute for Treatment and Research) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Medical Genetics Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (F.C.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-6-7259-6078
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10
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Liu J, Guo ZN, Yan XL, Yang Y, Huang S. Brain Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755392. [PMID: 34867280 PMCID: PMC8634727 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy that affects multiple systems including the muscle and heart. The mutant CTG expansion at the 3′-UTR of the DMPK gene causes the expression of toxic RNA that aggregate as nuclear foci. The foci then interfere with RNA-binding proteins, affecting hundreds of mis-spliced effector genes, leading to aberrant alternative splicing and loss of effector gene product functions, ultimately resulting in systemic disorders. In recent years, increasing clinical, imaging, and pathological evidence have indicated that DM1, though to a lesser extent, could also be recognized as true brain diseases, with more and more researchers dedicating to develop novel therapeutic tools dealing with it. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the pathogenesis and pathology of central nervous system (CNS) deficits in DM1, intervention measures currently being investigated are also highlighted, aiming to promote novel and cutting-edge therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Huang,
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11
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Yedigaryan L, Sampaolesi M. Therapeutic Implications of miRNAs for Muscle-Wasting Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113035. [PMID: 34831256 PMCID: PMC8616481 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are mainly involved in translational repression by binding to specific messenger RNAs. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as biomarkers, relevant for a multitude of pathophysiological conditions, and cells can selectively sort miRNAs into extracellular vesicles for paracrine and endocrine effects. In the overall context of muscle-wasting conditions, a multitude of miRNAs has been implied as being responsible for the typical dysregulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways. In general, chronic muscle disorders are associated with the main characteristic of a substantial loss in muscle mass. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle weakness and degeneration. Typically, MDs are caused by mutations in those genes responsible for upholding the integrity of muscle structure and function. Recently, the dysregulation of miRNA levels in such pathological conditions has been reported. This revelation is imperative for both MDs and other muscle-wasting conditions, such as sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. The expression levels of miRNAs have immense potential for use as potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Understanding the role of miRNAs in muscle-wasting conditions may lead to the development of novel strategies for the improvement of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Yedigaryan
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Nunes AM, Ramirez M, Jones TI, Jones PL. Identification of candidate miRNA biomarkers for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy using DUX4-based mouse models. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:271934. [PMID: 34338285 PMCID: PMC8405850 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by misexpression of DUX4 in skeletal myocytes. As DUX4 is the key therapeutic target in FSHD, surrogate biomarkers of DUX4 expression in skeletal muscle are critically needed for clinical trials. Although no natural animal models of FSHD exist, transgenic mice with inducible DUX4 expression in skeletal muscles rapidly develop myopathic phenotypes consistent with FSHD. Here, we established a new, more-accurate FSHD-like mouse model based on chronic DUX4 expression in a small fraction of skeletal myonuclei that develops pathology mimicking key aspects of FSHD across its lifespan. Utilizing this new aged mouse model and DUX4-inducible mouse models, we characterized the DUX4-related microRNA signatures in skeletal muscles, which represent potential biomarkers for FSHD. We found increased expression of miR-31-5p and miR-206 in muscles expressing different levels of DUX4 and displaying varying degrees of pathology. Importantly, miR-206 expression is significantly increased in serum samples from FSHD patients compared with healthy controls. Our data support miR-31-5p and miR-206 as new potential regulators of muscle pathology and miR-206 as a potential circulating biomarker for FSHD. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Candidate miRNA biomarkers for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) were identified using FSHD-like mouse models that present cumulative pathology from chronic expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscles and confirmed in FSHD patient serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Monique Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Takako I Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Peter L Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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13
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Mytidou C, Koutsoulidou A, Katsioloudi A, Prokopi M, Kapnisis K, Michailidou K, Anayiotos A, Phylactou LA. Muscle-derived exosomes encapsulate myomiRs and are involved in local skeletal muscle tissue communication. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21279. [PMID: 33484211 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902468rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from most cell types encapsulating specific molecular cargo. Exosomes serve as mediators of cell-to-cell and tissue-to-tissue communications under normal and pathological conditions. It has been shown that exosomes carrying muscle-specific miRNAs, myomiRs, are secreted from skeletal muscle cells in vitro and are elevated in the blood of muscle disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the secretion of exosomes encapsulating the four myomiRs from skeletal muscle tissues and to assess their role in inter-tissue communication between neighboring skeletal muscles in vivo. We demonstrate, for the first time, that isolated, intact skeletal muscle tissues secrete exosomes encapsulating the four myomiRs, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206. Notably, we show that the sorting of the four myomiRs within exosomes varies between skeletal muscles of different muscle fiber-type composition. miR-133a and miR-133b downregulation in TA muscles caused a reduction of their levels in neighboring skeletal muscles and in serum exosomes. In conclusion, our results reveal that skeletal muscle-derived exosomes encapsulate the four myomiRs, some of which enter the blood, while a portion is used for the local communication between proximal muscle tissues. These findings provide important evidence regarding novel pathways implicated in skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Mytidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Marianna Prokopi
- Theramir Ltd, Limassol, Cyprus.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,Department of Research and Development, German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Biostatistics Unit, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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14
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Koscianska E, Kozlowska E, Fiszer A. Regulatory Potential of Competing Endogenous RNAs in Myotonic Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116089. [PMID: 34200099 PMCID: PMC8201210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to be implicated in cell fate determination and various human diseases. All ncRNA molecules are emerging as key regulators of diverse cellular processes; however, little is known about the regulatory interaction among these various classes of RNAs. It has been proposed that the large-scale regulatory network across the whole transcriptome is mediated by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity attributed to both protein-coding and ncRNAs. ceRNAs are considered to be natural sponges of miRNAs that can influence the expression and availability of multiple miRNAs and, consequently, the global mRNA and protein levels. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of ncRNAs in two neuromuscular diseases, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2), and the involvement of expanded CUG and CCUG repeat-containing transcripts in miRNA-mediated RNA crosstalk. More specifically, we discuss the possibility that long repeat tracts present in mutant transcripts can be potent miRNA sponges and may affect ceRNA crosstalk in these diseases. Moreover, we highlight practical information related to innovative disease modelling and studying RNA regulatory networks in cells. Extending knowledge of gene regulation by ncRNAs, and of complex regulatory ceRNA networks in DM1 and DM2, will help to address many questions pertinent to pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders; it may also help to better understand general rules of gene expression and to discover new rules of gene control.
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15
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Abstract
Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries are common in both the civilian and combat care settings. Significant barriers exist to repairing these injuries including fracture nonunion, muscle fibrosis, re-innervation, and compartment syndrome, as well as infection and inflammation. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have attracted attention in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration. These vesicles are released by different cell types and play a vital role in cell communication by delivering functional cargoes such as proteins and RNAs. Many of these cargo molecules can be utilized for repair purposes in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, sarcopenia, and fracture healing. There are, however, some challenges to overcome in order to advance the successful application of these vesicles in the therapeutic setting. These include large-scale production and isolation of exosomes, long-term storage, in vivo stability, and strategies for tissue-specific targeting and delivery. This paper reviews the general characteristics of exosomes along with their physiological roles and contribution to the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases. We also highlight new findings on the use of synthetic exosomes to overcome the limitations of native exosomes in treating musculoskeletal injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
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16
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Koehorst E, Ballester-Lopez A, Arechavala-Gomeza V, Martínez-Piñeiro A, Nogales-Gadea G. The Biomarker Potential of miRNAs in Myotonic Dystrophy Type I. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3939. [PMID: 33291833 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are mostly known for their gene regulation properties, but they also play an important role in intercellular signaling. This means that they can be found in bodily fluids, giving them excellent biomarker potential. Myotonic Dystrophy type I (DM1) is the most frequent autosomal dominant muscle dystrophy in adults, with an estimated prevalence of 1:8000. DM1 symptoms include muscle weakness, myotonia, respiratory failure, cardiac conduction defects, cataracts, and endocrine disturbances. Patients display heterogeneity in both age of onset and disease manifestation. No treatment or cure currently exists for DM1, which shows the necessity for a biomarker that can predict disease progression, providing the opportunity to implement preventative measures before symptoms arise. In the past two decades, extensive research has been conducted in the miRNA expression profiles of DM1 patients and their biomarker potential. Here we review the current state of the field with a tissue-specific focus, given the multi-systemic nature of DM1 and the intracellular signaling role of miRNAs.
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Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited disorders that primarily affect the muscle tissues. Across the muscular dystrophies, symptoms commonly compromise the quality of life in all areas of functioning. It is well noted that muscular dystrophies need reliable and measurable biomarkers that will monitor the progress of the disease and evaluate the potential therapeutic approaches. In this review, we analyze the current findings regarding the development of blood-based circulating biomarkers for different types of muscular dystrophies. We emphasize those muscular dystrophies that gained particular interest for the development of biomarkers, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2, Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A, Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy types 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D, recently renamed as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R1 calpain3-related, R2 dysferlin-related, R5 γ-sarcoglycan-related, and R3 α-sarcoglycan-related. This review highlights the up-to-date progress in the development of biomarkers at the level of proteins, lipids, and metabolites, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs) that currently are the main potential biomarker candidates in muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
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18
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Yu Y, Yang L, Han S, Wu Y, Liu L, Chang Y, Wang X, Chai J. MIR-190B Alleviates Cell Autophagy and Burn-Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting via Modulating PHLPP1/Akt/FoxO3A Signaling Pathway. Shock 2019; 52:513-21. [PMID: 30407372 DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell autophagy is an important material recycling process and is involved in regulating many vital activities under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanism of autophagy regulating burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting still needs to be elucidated. METHODS The rat burn model with 30% total body surface area and L6 cell line were used in this study. An immunofluorescence assay was used to detect autophagic levels. MicroRNA array and real-time PCR were employed to measure miR-190b levels, and its influence on PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) protein translation was estimated using luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Skeletal muscle wasting was evaluated by the ratio of tibias anterior muscle weight to body weight. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that burn injury promotes expression of the autophagy-related proteins light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1, suppresses expression of Akt and Forkhead box O (FoxO) 3a protein phosphorylation, and increases PHLPP1 protein level which is required for Akt dephosphorylation. miR-190b, the regulator of PHLPP1 protein translation, also significantly decreases after burn injury. Ectopic expression of miR-190b in L6 myoblast cell downregulates PHLPP1 protein expression, elevates Akt and FoxO3a phosphorylation, and subsequently reduces cell autophagy. Finally, suppressing autophagy with 3-methyladenine represses the protein expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 and mitigates burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting. CONCLUSION Burn injury induced skeletal muscle cell autophagy and subsequently resulted in skeletal muscle wasting via regulating miR-190b/PHLPP1/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed membrane vesicles derived and constitutively secreted by various metabolically active cells. They are capable of mediating hetero- and homotypic intercellular communication by transferring multiple cargos from donor cells to recipient cells. Nowadays, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as novel potential biomarkers or disease-targeting agents in a variety of diseases. However, the lack of effective delivery systems may impair their clinical application. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrated that ncRNAs could be efficiently delivered to recipient cells using exosomes as a carrier, and therefore can exert a critical role in musculoskeletal diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophies, osteosarcoma and other diseases. Herein, we present an extensive review of biogenesis, physiological relevance and clinical implication of exosome-derived ncRNAs in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhou L, Hao S, Ding Z, Xiao L, Zhou M. Exosomal Small RNA Sequencing Uncovers Dose-Specific MiRNA Markers for Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820926735. [PMID: 32528236 PMCID: PMC7263154 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820926735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is hazardous or even lethal. Accurate estimation of the doses of IR exposure is critical to wisely determining the following treatments. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles harboring biomolecules and mediate the communications among cells and tissues to influence biological processes. Screening out the microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in exosomes as biomarkers can be useful for estimating the IR exposure doses and exploring the correlation between these miRNAs and the occurrence of disease. Methods: We treated mice with 2.0, 6.5, and 8.0 Gy doses of IR and collected the mice sera at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure. Then, the serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifuge and the small RNA portion was extracted for sequencing and the following bioinformatics analysis. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate the potential dose-specific markers. Results: Fifty-six miRNAs (31 upregulated, 25 downregulated) were differentially expressed after exposure of the above 3 IR doses and may act as common IR exposure miRNA markers. Bioinformatic analysis also identified several dosage-specific responsive miRNAs. Importantly, IR-induced miR-151-3p and miR-128-3p were significantly and stably increased at 24 hours in different mouse strains with distinct genetic background after exposed to 8.0 Gy of IR. Conclusion: Our study shows that miR-151-3p and miR-128-3p can be used as dose-specific biomarkers of 8.0 Gy IR exposure, which can be used to determine the exposure dose by detecting the amount of the 2 miRNAs in serum exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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López Castel A, Overby SJ, Artero R. MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Perspectives in Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225600. [PMID: 31717488 PMCID: PMC6888406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy involves two types of chronically debilitating rare neuromuscular diseases: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). Both share similarities in molecular cause, clinical signs, and symptoms with DM2 patients usually displaying milder phenotypes. It is well documented that key clinical symptoms in DM are associated with a strong mis-regulation of RNA metabolism observed in patient’s cells. This mis-regulation is triggered by two leading DM-linked events: the sequestration of Muscleblind-like proteins (MBNL) and the mis-regulation of the CUGBP RNA-Binding Protein Elav-Like Family Member 1 (CELF1) that cause significant alterations to their important functions in RNA processing. It has been suggested that DM1 may be treatable through endogenous modulation of the expression of MBNL and CELF1 proteins. In this study, we analyzed the recent identification of the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) molecules in DM and focus on the modulation of these miRNAs to therapeutically restore normal MBNL or CELF1 function. We also discuss additional prospective miRNA targets, the use of miRNAs as disease biomarkers, and additional promising miRNA-based and miRNA-targeting drug development strategies. This review provides a unifying overview of the dispersed data on miRNA available in the context of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo López Castel
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Sarah Joann Overby
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
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22
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Grasso M, Piscopo P, Talarico G, Ricci L, Crestini A, Tosto G, Gasparini M, Bruno G, Denti MA, Confaloni A. Plasma microRNA profiling distinguishes patients with frontotemporal dementia from healthy subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:240.e1-240.e12. [PMID: 30826067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an easy and minimally invasive assay to detect a plasma miRNA profile in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients, with the final aim of discriminating between FTD patients and healthy controls (HCs). After a global miRNA profiling, significant downregulation of miR-663a, miR-502-3p, and miR-206 (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.02 respectively) in FTD patients was confirmed when compared with HCs in a larger case-control sample. Moreover, miR-663a and miR-502-3p showed significant differences in both genders, whereas miR-206, only in male subjects. To obtain a discriminating measure between FTD patients and HCs, we calculated a combined score of the 3 miRNAs by applying a Bayesian approach and obtaining a classifier with an accuracy of 84.4%. Moreover, for men, combined miRNA levels showed an excellent sensitivity (100%) and a good specificity (87.5%) in distinguishing FTD patients from HCs. All these findings open new hypotheses in the pathophysiology and new perspectives in the diagnosis of a complex pathology as FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Grasso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Talarico
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Gasparini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela A Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy.
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Dong W, Chen X, Wang M, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Xiao Q, Peng X. Mir-206 partially rescues myogenesis deficiency by inhibiting CUGBP1 accumulation in the cell models of myotonic dystrophy. Neurol Res 2018; 41:9-18. [PMID: 30281408 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1493963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aim to determine how CUG-expansion and the abundance of Celf1 regulates normal myocyte differentiation and reveal the role ofmiR-206 in myotonic dystrohy and explore a possible gene therapy vector. Methods: we set up CUG-expansion and Celf1 overexpression C2C12 cell models to imitate the myocyte differentiation defects of DM1, then transfected AdvmiR-206 into cell models, tested the level of myogenic markers MyoD, MyoG, Mef2c, Celf1 by RT-PCRand Western Blotting, detected myotube formation by myosin heavy chain immunostaining. Result: 3'-UTR CUG-expansion leads to myotube defects and impaired myoblasts differentiation. Overexpression of Celf1 inhibits myoblast differentiation and impairs differentiation. Knockdown of Celf1 partially rescues differentiation defects of myoblasts harboring CUG-expansion. miR-206 incompletely reverses myoblast differentiation inhibition induced by CUG-expansion and partially recuses myoblast differentiation defects induced by Celf1 overexpression. Conclusions: Ectopic miR-206 mimicking the endogenous temporal patterns specifically drives a myocyte program that boosts myoblast lineages, likely by promoting the expression of MyoD to rectify the myogenic deficiency by stimulating the accumulation of Celf1. Abbreviations: DMPK: (dystrophia myotonica protein kinase); 3'-UTR: (3'-untranslated region); MBNL1: (muscleblind-like [Drosophila]); DM1: (myotonic dystrophy type 1); GFP: (green fluorescent protein); RT-PCR: (quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction); shRNA: (short hairpin RNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Xuanying Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Menghong Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Xing Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Qunlin Xiao
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
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Lovett JAC, Durcan PJ, Myburgh KH. Investigation of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Following Two Consecutive Bouts of Muscle-Damaging Exercise. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1149. [PMID: 30177888 PMCID: PMC6109634 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles that are known to be powerful mediators of intercellular communication via their microRNA (miR) content. A paucity of information on EV-mediated communication arising from skeletal muscle (SkM) in response to exercise-induced muscle damage is present in the published literature. Lack of such information inhibits our understanding of muscle injury and repair processes. Aims: To assess circulating EV levels and selected miR content within them, in response to two consecutive bouts of muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Serum creatine kinase activity (CK) and EVs were analyzed from the blood of 9 healthy, untrained males at baseline, and at 2 and 24 h post-exercise. The exercise regimen consisted of a combination of plyometric jumping and downhill running. Perceived muscle pain (PMP) was assessed on a scale from 1 to 10. Plasma EVs were isolated using size exclusion columns and visualized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). EV size and number were quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). miR expression was quantified using qPCR, with normalization to an exogenous control (cel-miR-39). Results: PMP and CK were significantly elevated post-exercise compared to baseline levels, providing indirect evidence for muscle damage. EV visualization using TEM revealed an abundant and heterogeneously sized pool of intact particles within the exosome size range (30-150 nm). No significant change in mean EV size or number was seen over time. The SkM-specific miR-206 in EVs was found to be variable among participants and no significant change occurred in SkM-important miRs; 1, 133a, 133b, 486, and 499a. However, EV miR-31 decreased from baseline to 24 h post-exercise (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Mild to moderate exercise-induced muscle damage altered the miR-31 profile of circulating EVs within the first 24 h post-exercise, but not that of myomiRs in EVs. These data demonstrate that EVs carry selectively packaged cargo which can be affected by exercise. Future research into the total miR content of EVs in response to exercise-induced muscle damage may reveal other miRs responsive to this relatively mild perturbation. More time points post-muscle-damaging exercise would provide a better understanding of the temporal EV myomiR response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A C Lovett
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Peter J Durcan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kathryn H Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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25
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André LM, Ausems CRM, Wansink DG, Wieringa B. Abnormalities in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis, Growth, and Regeneration in Myotonic Dystrophy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:368. [PMID: 29892259 PMCID: PMC5985300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant degenerative neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, atrophy, and myotonia with progeroid features. Although both DM1 and DM2 are characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction and also share other clinical features, the diseases differ in the muscle groups that are affected. In DM1, distal muscles are mainly affected, whereas in DM2 problems are mostly found in proximal muscles. In addition, manifestation in DM1 is generally more severe, with possible congenital or childhood-onset of disease and prominent CNS involvement. DM1 and DM2 are caused by expansion of (CTG•CAG)n and (CCTG•CAGG)n repeats in the 3' non-coding region of DMPK and in intron 1 of CNBP, respectively, and in overlapping antisense genes. This critical review will focus on the pleiotropic problems that occur during development, growth, regeneration, and aging of skeletal muscle in patients who inherited these expansions. The current best-accepted idea is that most muscle symptoms can be explained by pathomechanistic effects of repeat expansion on RNA-mediated pathways. However, aberrations in DNA replication and transcription of the DM loci or in protein translation and proteome homeostasis could also affect the control of proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells or the maintenance and physiological integrity of muscle fibers during a patient's lifetime. Here, we will discuss these molecular and cellular processes and summarize current knowledge about the role of embryonic and adult muscle-resident stem cells in growth, homeostasis, regeneration, and premature aging of healthy and diseased muscle tissue. Of particular interest is that also progenitor cells from extramuscular sources, such as pericytes and mesoangioblasts, can participate in myogenic differentiation. We will examine the potential of all these types of cells in the application of regenerative medicine for muscular dystrophies and evaluate new possibilities for their use in future therapy of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène M André
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Rosanne M Ausems
- Department of Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Zhang S, Chen N. Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Muscle Atrophy during Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E405. [PMID: 29385720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprising approximately 40% of body weight is highly important for locomotion and metabolic homeostasis. The growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle are highly organized processes; thus, it is not surprising to reveal certain complexity during these regulatory processes. Recently, a large number of evidence indicate that microRNAs can result in obvious impacts on growth, regeneration and metabolism of skeletal muscle. In this review, recent research achievements of microRNAs in regulating myogenesis, atrophy and aging during exercise intervention are discussed, which will provide the guidance for developing potential applications of microRNAs in health promotion and rehabilitation of sports injuries.
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