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Lofgren L, Nguyen NH, Kennedy P, Pérez-Pazos E, Fletcher J, Liao HL, Wang H, Zhang K, Ruytinx J, Smith AH, Ke YH, Cotter HVT, Engwall E, Hameed KM, Vilgalys R, Branco S. Suillus: an emerging model for the study of ectomycorrhizal ecology and evolution. New Phytol 2024; 242:1448-1475. [PMID: 38581203 PMCID: PMC11045321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Research on mycorrhizal symbiosis has been slowed by a lack of established study systems. To address this challenge, we have been developing Suillus, a widespread ecologically and economically relevant fungal genus primarily associated with the plant family Pinaceae, into a model system for studying ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. Over the last decade, we have compiled extensive genomic resources, culture libraries, a phenotype database, and protocols for manipulating Suillus fungi with and without their tree partners. Our efforts have already resulted in a large number of publicly available genomes, transcriptomes, and respective annotations, as well as advances in our understanding of mycorrhizal partner specificity and host communication, fungal and plant nutrition, environmental adaptation, soil nutrient cycling, interspecific competition, and biological invasions. Here, we highlight the most significant recent findings enabled by Suillus, present a suite of protocols for working with the genus, and discuss how Suillus is emerging as an important model to elucidate the ecology and evolution of ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Lofgren
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Māno, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Pazos
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jessica Fletcher
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haihua Wang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Group of Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, USA
| | - Alexander H. Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Yi-Hong Ke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H. Van T. Cotter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eiona Engwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalid M. Hameed
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Tingstad L, Sandercock B, Nybø S. Steep declines in radioactive caesium after 30 years of monitoring alpine plants in mountain areas of central Norway. J Environ Radioact 2024; 272:107352. [PMID: 38064936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The Chernobyl accident exposed large areas of northern Europe to radiocaesium (137Cs). We investigated temporal and spatial variation in concentrations of radiocaesium among five functional groups of alpine plants at two mountain areas in central Norway over a 31-year period from 1991 to 2022. Average concentrations of radiocaesium were initially high in lichens and bryophytes at around 4600-6400 Bq/kg dry weight during 1991-1994 but then decreased dramatically over three decades to current concentrations of <200 Bq/kg for all plant groups in 2019-2022. The effective half-life of radiocaesium was estimated to be 4-6 years in lichens and mosses, 7-13 years in herbaceous plants, and 22-30 years in woody plants, which were less than the physical half-life of 30.2 years. Concentrations of radiocaesium were greater at the nutrient-poor site than at the nutrient-rich site, probably due to greater deposition levels at higher elevations and the geographical pattern of the deposition. Functional groups of plants differed with higher concentrations among non-vascular than vascular plants. Common heather Calluna vulgaris was unusual among woody plants with high concentration of radiocaesium, especially in the new shoots. Our new estimates of concentrations and dynamics of radiocaesium for alpine plants in natural environments will be useful for modelling herbivore exposure and evaluating potential impacts on wildlife and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Tingstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Vormstuguvegen 40, 2624, Lillehammer, Norway.
| | - Brett Sandercock
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Signe Nybø
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
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Banerjee A. Conceptualization of the comprehensive phyto-radiotoxicity incurred by radiocesium and strategies to expunge the metal using biotechnological and phytoremediative approaches. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108330. [PMID: 38181642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural pollution with 137Cs is an ecological threat due to its sustained half-life and radioactivity. Release of radiocesium isotopes after major nuclear power plant accidents like the Fukushima Dai-ichi and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disasters have severely affected the surrounding growth of agricultural crops and vegetables cultivated across extensive areas. Even years after the nuclear accidents, biosafety in these agricultural fields is still questionable. Due to similarity in charge and ionic radius between radiocesium and K+, the radionuclides are promiscuously uptaken via K+ channels expressed in plants. Bioaccumulation of radiocesium reportedly promotes physiological and anatomical anomalies in crops due to radiation and also affects the rhizospheric architecture. Due to radiation hazard, the ecological balance and quality are compromised and ingestion of such contaminated food results in irreversible health hazards. Recently, strategies like exogenous supplementation of K+ or genetic engineering of K+ channels were able to reduce radiocesium bioaccumulation in plants taking the advantage of competition between radiocesium and K+ translocation. Furthermore, bioremediation strategies like phycoremediation, mycoremediation, phytoremediation and rhizofiltration have also showed promising results for removing radiocesium from polluted sites. It has been proposed that these eco-friendly ways can be adopted to de-pollute the contaminated sites prior to subsequent cultivation of crops and vegetables. Hence it is essential to: 1) understand the basic radiotoxic effects of radiocesium on agricultural crops and surrounding vegetation and, 2) design sustainable ameliorative strategies to promote radiocesium tolerance for ensuring food and social security of the affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Li P, Gong Y, Tanaka T, Thiry Y, Huang Q, Komatsuzaki M. Modeling long-term transfers of radiocesium in farmland under different tillage and cover crop treatments. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167849. [PMID: 37844648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2011 nuclear accident at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) prompted inquiries about the long-term transfer of Cesium-137 (137Cs) from soil to agricultural plants. In this context, numerical modeling is particularly useful for the long-term evaluation of the consequences of agroecosystem contamination. Agricultural practices, such as tillage and cover cropping, play key roles in 137Cs recycling in agroecosystems. In this study, we used 10-year monitoring data to develop a dynamic model to predict 137Cs redistribution (via uptake, litterfall, translocation, and percolation) under different tillage (no-tillage, NT; rotary cultivation, RC; moldboard plow, MP) and cover crop (rye; hairy vetch; fallow weed) treatments. The verification exercise and assessment results indicated the model's reliability, as the temporal dynamics of predicted values agreed with observed values. Tillage significantly influenced the 137Cs distribution in soil, thereby decreasing plant uptake of 137Cs, whereas cover crop exerted a minimal effect on 137Cs cycling. Furthermore, while the 137Cs concentrations in soybean grain under RC and NT treatments were comparable 62 years after the FDNPP accident, the concentration under MP treatment remained consistently the lowest. Despite natural decay being the main cause of the decreased global 137Cs level in the agroecosystem, with minimal losses from percolation to deeper soil layers and soybean harvesting, adopting an appropriate tillage practice was shown to promote a long-term reduction of 137Cs concentration in crops. Finally, to improve the model's accuracy, further research should consider incorporating the effects of soil properties and extreme weather events on 137Cs flow into the model, as these factors are essential for realizing improved agroecosystem predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingting Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Taku Tanaka
- EDF R&D, LNHE, 6 Quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France
| | - Yves Thiry
- French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra) - Research and Development Division, 92298 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Qiliang Huang
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masakazu Komatsuzaki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Center for International Field Agriculture Research & Education, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.
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Stanojković JN, Ćosić MV, Božović DP, Sabovljević AD, Sabovljević MS, Čučulović AA, Vujičić MM. Effects of Cesium on Physiological Traits of the Catherine's Moss Atrichum undulatum Hedw. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:54. [PMID: 38202362 PMCID: PMC10780837 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mosses are proven bioindicators of living environments. It is known that mosses accumulate pollutants from precipitates and, to some lesser extent, from the substrate. In this study, the effects of cesium (Cs) on the physiological traits of acrocarp polytrichaceous Catherine's moss (Atrichum undulatum Hedw.) were studied under controlled, in vitro conditions. Cesium can be found in the environment in a stable form (133Cs) and as a radioactive isotope (134Cs and 137Cs). Belonging to the same group of elements, Cs and potassium (K) share various similarities, due to which Cs can interfere with this essential element and thus possibly alter the plant's metabolism. Results have shown that Cs affects the measured physiological characteristics of A. undulatum, although the changes to antioxidative enzyme activities were not drastic following Cs treatments. Therefore, the activities of antioxidative enzymes at lower pH values are more the consequence of pH effects on enzymatic conformation than simply the harmful effects of Cs. Moreover, Cs did not affect the survival of plants grown on the solid substrate nor plants grown in conditions of light and heavy rain simulation using Cs with variable pH, indicating that Cs is not harmful in this form for the studied species A. undulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena N. Stanojković
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy—INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Zemun, Serbia;
| | - Marija V. Ćosić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.Ć.); (D.P.B.); (A.D.S.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Djordje P. Božović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.Ć.); (D.P.B.); (A.D.S.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Aneta D. Sabovljević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.Ć.); (D.P.B.); (A.D.S.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Marko S. Sabovljević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.Ć.); (D.P.B.); (A.D.S.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.V.)
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ana A. Čučulović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy—INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Zemun, Serbia;
| | - Milorad M. Vujičić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.Ć.); (D.P.B.); (A.D.S.); (M.S.S.); (M.M.V.)
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Laishram RJ, Singh TB, Alam W. A comprehensive health risk assessment associated with bioaccumulation of heavy metals and nutrients in selected macrophytes of Loktak Lake, Manipur, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:105329-105352. [PMID: 37713085 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Loktak Lake, a Ramsar site in Northeast India, is known for its rich biodiversity that includes a variety of macrophyte species, most of which have not been studied for their phytoremediation capacities and potential toxicity via consumption of the edible species. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment was conducted to evaluate the accumulation of selected heavy metals and nutrients in 10 dominant macrophyte species growing in Loktak Lake and to assess the potential health risks associated with consumption of the edible plants. The concentrations of nutrients such as total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and heavy metals such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were found to be in the order of plant > sediment > water. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) revealed high efficiency of most plants to accumulate heavy metals and nutrients in their tissues from the lake water and sediments, indicating their potential to be used as phytoremediators. Translocation factors (TFs) were also estimated to determine the efficiency of the plants to translocate elements from root to shoot. Colocasia esculenta and Polygonum perfoliatum exhibited the highest BAF values, whereas Colocasia esculenta, Hedychium flavum, Phragmites karka, and Oenanthe javanica exhibited the highest TF values for most elements. Target hazard quotients (THQs) revealed potential health risks associated with one or more heavy metals in the plants, except for Zn, whose THQ values were below the level of concern in all the edible plant species. The hazard index (HI) signifying potential non-carcinogenic health risk from the combined effects of all the heavy metals was highest for Polygonum perfoliatum, indicating a potentially higher risk to health if this edible macrophyte is regularly consumed in higher quantities and may pose long-term health effects to the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Jajo Laishram
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University (A Central University), Canchipur, Indo-Myanmar Road, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Tensubam Basanta Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region (ICAR RC NEH), Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Wazir Alam
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University (A Central University), Canchipur, Indo-Myanmar Road, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India.
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Khudzari J, Fukuda SY, Shiraiwa Y, Iwamoto K. Kinetic properties of 137Cs uptake by the cesium-accumulating eustigmatophycean microalga. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:34460-34467. [PMID: 36509956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cesium-137 (137Cs) is one of the radioactive substances that was released into the environment as a result of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Radiocesium exposure is of great concern due to its potential environmental implications. However, research on 137Cs removal using algae is still limited. This is the first report to describe the kinetic properties of 137Cs uptake by Vacuoliviride crystalliferum in the presence and absence of potassium. In this work, we studied the kinetic properties of 137Cs uptake using a freshwater microalga, V. crystalliferum (NIES 2860). We also analyzed the effects of temperature, light, and potassium (K) on the 137Cs uptake. Results showed that V. crystalliferum can remove up to 90% of 157 nM 137Cs within an hour. At 20 °C, the removal increased by up to 96%, compared to less than 10% at 5 °C. However, the removal was inhibited by nearly 90% in the dark compared to the removal in the light, implying that V. crystalliferum cells require energy to accumulate 137Cs. In the inhibition assay, K concentrations ranged from 0 to 500 µM and the inhibitory constant (Ki) for K was determined to be 16.7 µM. While in the uptake assay without potassium (- K), the Michaelis constant (Km) for Cs was 45 nM and increased to 283 nM by the addition of 20 µM potassium (+ K), indicating that V. crystalliferum had a high affinity for 137Cs. In addition, the maximum uptake velocity (Vmax) also increased from 6.75 to 21.10 nmol (mg Chl h)-1, implying the existence of Cs active transport system. In conclusion, V. crystalliferum is capable of removing radioactive 137Cs from the environment and the removal was favorable at both normal temperature and in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jauharah Khudzari
- Algae and Biomass Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Ya Fukuda
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Koji Iwamoto
- Algae and Biomass Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Shi L, Yuan L, Li R, Wang W, Ding Z, Liang J, Qiu J, Li P. Uptake and Translocation of Cesium in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under Hydroponic Conditions. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2023; 2023:1-12. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/4539075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake of radiocesium (RCs) by plants is key to the assessment of its environmental risk. However, the transfer process of RCs in the water-vegetable system still remains unclear. In this work, the uptake and accumulation processes of Cs+ (0-10 mM) in lettuce were explored under different conditions by using hydroponics. The results showed that the higher exposure concentration of Cs+ could lead to a faster uptake rate and would be beneficial to the uptake and accumulation of Cs+. The uptake of K+ by roots and leaves was inhibited significantly when Cs+ concentration increased, but unapparent for Ca2+ and Mg2+. It was found that the higher K+ and Ca2+ concentration was, the higher inhibition was found for the uptake of Cs+ in root. The uptake of Cs+ leads the decrease of chlorophyll content and brought a negative effect on plant photosynthesis, consequently, a negative effect on lettuce morphology and obvious decrease of biomass and root length. The contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and root vitality were increasing during the growth following stress of high concentrations of Cs+, which caused stresses on the antioxidant system of lettuce. The enrichment coefficient for Cs+ in leaves was in the range of 8-217. Moreover, the transfer factor was in the range of 0.114-0.828, which suggested that the high Cs+ concentration could enhance the transfer of Cs+ from lettuce root to leaf. This study provides more information on the transfer of RCs from water to food chain, promoting the understanding of the potential risk of RCs.
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Suzuki M, Eguchi T, Azuma K, Nakao A, Kubo K, Fujimura S, Syaifudin M, Maruyama H, Watanabe T, Shinano T. The ratio of plant 137Cs to exchangeable 137Cs in soil is a crucial factor in explaining the variation in 137Cs transferability from soil to plant. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159208. [PMID: 36208746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate radioactive cesium from soil to plant, increasing and maintaining the exchangeable potassium (ExK) level during growth is widely accepted after Tokyo Electric Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Plant accident in Japan. This is because the antagonistic relationship between soil solution K and 134Cs + 137Cs (RCs) concentrations changes the transfer factor (TF: designated as the ratio of radioactivity of plant organ to soil) of RCs. As the relationship between ExK and TF depends on the soil types, crop species, and other environmental factors, the required amount of ExK should be set to a safe side. Eleven years after the accident, as the activity of 134Cs was almost negligible, 137Cs became the main RCs in most of the agricultural fields in Fukushima Prefecture. We propose a new indicator, the concentration ratio of plant 137Cs to soil exchangeable 137Cs (Ex137Cs), instead of TF, which showed a better correlation with ExK even among soils with different properties (or mineralogy).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuya Eguchi
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan
| | - Kazuki Azuma
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakao
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Katashi Kubo
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan
| | - Shigeto Fujimura
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takuro Shinano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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Montgomery DA, Edayilam N, Page H, Sheriff SA, Tharayil N, Powell BA, Martinez NE. Comparative uptake, translocation, and plant mediated transport of Tc-99, Cs-133, Np-237, and U-238 in Savannah River Site soil columns for the grass species Andropogon virginicus. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159400. [PMID: 36243070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the ability of the grass species Andropogon virginicus to alter the subsurface transport and redistribution of a suite of radionuclides (99Tc, 133Cs (stable analog for 135Cs and 137Cs), 237Np, 238U) with varying chemical behaviors in a Savannah River Site soil via the use of vegetated and unvegetated soil columns. After an acclimation period, a small volume of solution containing all radionuclides was introduced into the columns via Rhizon© pore water sampling tubes. Plants were grown for an additional 4 weeks before shoots were harvested, and columns were prepared for sampling. Plant presence led to decreased radionuclide release from the columns, mainly due to radionuclide specific combinations of system hydrology differences resulting from plant transpiration as well as plant uptake. For the most mobile radionuclides, 99Tc followed by 237Np, plant presence resulted in significantly different soil concentration profiles between vegetated and unvegetated columns, including notable upward migration for 237Np in columns with plants. Additionally, plant uptake of 99Tc was the greatest of all the radionuclides, with plant tissues containing an average of 44 % of the 99Tc, while plant uptake only accounted for <2 % of 237Np and <0.5 % of 133Cs and 238U in the system. Although overall plant uptake of 133Cs and 238U were similar, the majority of 133Cs taken up by plants was associated with 133Cs already available in the aqueous phase while 238U uptake was mainly associated with the solid phase, meaning that plant activity resulted in a fraction of the native 238U being mobilized and thus, made available for plant uptake. Overall, this study quantified the influence of several plant-mediated physical and biogeochemical factors that have significant influence on radionuclide mobility and transport in this complex system which can be further utilized in future system or site-specific environmental transport and risk assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn A Montgomery
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Nimisha Edayilam
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hayden Page
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - S Andrew Sheriff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Brian A Powell
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Nicole E Martinez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Boeschoten LE, Sass-Klaassen U, Vlam M, Comans RNJ, Koopmans GF, Meyer-Sand BRV, Tassiamba SN, Tchamba MT, Zanguim HT, Zemtsa PT, Zuidema PA. Clay and soil organic matter drive wood multi-elemental composition of a tropical tree species: Implications for timber tracing. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157877. [PMID: 35944644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forensic methods to independently trace timber origin are essential to combat illegal timber trade. Tracing product origin by analysing their multi-element composition has been successfully applied in several commodities, but its potential for timber is not yet known. To evaluate this potential the drivers of wood multi-elemental composition need to be studied. Here we report on the first study relating wood multi-elemental composition of forest trees to soil chemical and physical properties. We studied the reactive soil element pools and the multi-elemental composition in sapwood and heartwood for 37 Azobé (Lophira alata) trees at two forest sites in Cameroon. A total of 46 elements were measured using ICP-MS. We also measured three potential drivers of soil and wood elemental composition: clay content, soil organic matter and pH. We tested associations between soil and wood using multiple regressions and multivariate analyses (Mantel test, db-RDA). Finally, we performed a Random Forest analysis of heartwood elemental composition to check site assignment accuracy. We found elemental compositions of soil, sapwood and heartwood to be significantly associated. Soil clay content and organic matter positively influenced individual element concentrations (for 13 and 9 elements out of 46 respectively) as well as the multi-elemental composition in wood. However, associations between wood and topsoil elemental concentrations were only significant for one element. We found close associations between element concentrations and composition in sapwood and heartwood. Lastly, the Random Forest assignment success was 97.3 %. Our findings indicate that wood elemental composition is associated with that in the topsoil and its variation is related to soil clay and organic matter content. These associations suggests that the multi-elemental composition of wood can yield chemical fingerprints obtained from sites that differ in soil properties. This finding in addition to the high assignment accuracy shows potential of multi-element analysis for tracing wood origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Boeschoten
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Forest and Nature Management, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Rob N J Comans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin F Koopmans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Steve N Tassiamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Martin T Tchamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Herman T Zanguim
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pascaline T Zemtsa
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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12
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Finney LA, Skrodzki PJ, Peskosky N, Burger M, Nees J, Krushelnick K, Jovanovic I. Ultrafast laser filament-induced fluorescence for detecting uranium stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17205. [PMID: 36229516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and other photosynthetic organisms have been suggested as potential pervasive biosensors for nuclear nonproliferation monitoring. We demonstrate that ultrafast laser filament-induced fluorescence of chlorophyll in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a promising method for remote, in-field detection of stress from exposure to nuclear materials. This method holds an advantage over broad-area surveillance, such as solar-induced fluorescence monitoring, when targeting excitation of a specific plant would improve the detectability, for example when local biota density is low. After exposing C. reinhardtii to uranium, we find that the concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime, and carotenoid content increase. The increased fluorescence lifetime signifies a decrease in non-photochemical quenching. The simultaneous increase in carotenoid content implies oxidative stress, further confirmed by the production of radical oxygen species evidence in the steady-state absorption spectrum. This is potentially a unique signature of uranium, as previous work finds that heavy metal stress generally increases non-photochemical quenching. We identify the temporal profile of the chlorophyll fluorescence to be a distinguishing feature between uranium-exposed and unexposed algae. Discrimination of uranium-exposed samples is possible at a distance of [Formula: see text]35 m with a single laser shot and a modest collection system, as determined through a combination of experiment and simulation of distance-scaled uncertainty in discriminating the temporal profiles. Illustrating the potential for remote detection, detection over 125 m would require 100 laser shots, commensurate with the detection time on the order of 1 s.
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13
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Voegelin A, Wick S, Pfenninger N, Mangold S, Baeyens B, Fernandes MM. Thallium adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2022; 24:1343-1359. [PMID: 35608286 PMCID: PMC9491347 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00028h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of thallium (Tl) onto phyllosilicate minerals plays a critical role in the retention of Tl in soils and sediments and the potential transfer of Tl into plants and groundwater. Especially micaceous minerals are thought to strongly bind monovalent Tl(I), in analogy to their strong binding of Cs. To advance the understanding of Tl(I) adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals, we studied the adsorption of Tl(I) onto Na- and K-saturated illite and Na-saturated smectite, two muscovites, two vermiculites and a naturally Tl-enriched soil clay mineral fraction. Macroscopic adsorption isotherms were combined with the characterization of the adsorbed Tl by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). In combination, the results suggest that the adsorption of Tl(I) onto phyllosilicate minerals can be interpreted in terms of three major uptake paths: (i) highest-affinity inner-sphere adsorption of dehydrated Tl+ on a very low number of adsorption sites at the wedge of frayed particle edges of illite and around collapsed zones in vermiculite interlayers through complexation between two siloxane cavities, (ii) intermediate-affinity inner-sphere adsorption of partially dehydrated Tl+ on the planar surfaces of illite and muscovite through complexation onto siloxane cavities, (iii) low-affinity adsorption of hydrated Tl+, especially in the hydrated interlayers of smectite and expanded vermiculite. At the frayed edges of illite particles and in the vermiculite interlayer, Tl uptake can lead to the formation of new wedge sites that enable further adsorption of dehydrated Tl+. On the soil clay fraction, a shift in Tl(I) uptake from frayed edge sites (on illite) to planar sites (on illite and muscovite) was observed with increasing Tl(I) loading. The results from this study show that the adsorption of Tl(I) onto phyllosilicate minerals follows the same trends as reported for Cs and Rb and thus suggests that concepts to describe the retention of (radio)cesium by different types of phyllosilicate minerals in soils, sediments and rocks are also applicable to Tl(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Voegelin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Silvan Wick
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Numa Pfenninger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Mangold
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bart Baeyens
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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14
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Procházka J, Škrkal J, Rulík P, Křováková K, Šímová I. DETERMINING THE TRANSFER FACTORS FOR ESTIMATES OF THE RADIATION CONTAMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:747-753. [PMID: 36005996 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to provide a basis for measures reducing the consequences of a nuclear accident in its late phase, when plant contamination occurs mainly through the root system. Samples of the above-ground biomass of crops and soil were taken in 2020 in the vicinity of the Temelín and Dukovany nuclear power plants (Czech Republic). The 137Cs activities were determined using gamma spectrometry, and the 90Sr activities were measured through beta radiation. From the obtained values, the radionuclide transfer factors (TFs) from soil to crop biomass were calculated. The average area activity of 137Cs in the soil around Dukovany and Temelín was 1700 and 2400 Bq m-2, respectively. The average area activity of 90Sr around Dukovany and Temelín was 211 and 184 Bq m-2, respectively. The TF 137Cs ranged from < 6.3 × 10-6 to 7.9 × 10-3, with a mean of 3.5 × 10-4 m2 kg-1, and the TF 90Sr ranged from 2.7 × 10-4 to 6 × 10-2, with a mean of 1.7 × 10-2 m2 kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Procházka
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Škrkal
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 28, 140 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Rulík
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 28, 140 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Křováková
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Šímová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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15
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Dulanská S, Gomola I, Gubišová M, Ondreičková K, Pánik J, Mátel Ľ, Horník M. UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOSTRONTIUM IN TOMATO TREATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:720-725. [PMID: 36005952 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were inoculated into the root system of edible tomato plants to investigate their effect on the uptake and distribution of strontium radionuclide in the tissues of plants grown under laboratory conditions. The experiments were carried out in a sterile mixture of topsoil and sand, where in one series of experiments contaminated soil with 85Sr was used. Seeds were inoculated with a mixture of AMF at sowing, the second, control series was without application of AMF. Determination of radioactivity in soil and in different parts of tomato plants was carried out by gamma-spectrometric measurement. The obtained results and statistical analysis indicated a significant association between AMF inoculation of plants and the change in the distribution of 85Sr. The presence of AMF reduced the translocation of 85Sr from the root system to the aerial parts of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dulanská
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, Bratislava 833 03, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Gomola
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, Bratislava 833 03, Slovak Republic
| | - Marcela Gubišová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavská cesta 122, Piešťany 921 68, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Ondreičková
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavská cesta 122, Piešťany 921 68, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Pánik
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Mátel
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, Bratislava 833 03, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Horník
- Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, Trnava 917 01, Slovak Republic
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16
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Klevtsova A, Inaba R, Takahashi M, Suzuki Y, Miyazu S, Suzuki K, Harada N, Nogawa N, Nishikiori T, Kubota T, Yoshikawa N. Investigation on the radiocesium transfer to rice plants near the water inlet of paddy fields via an in situ experiment using non-contaminated soil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Li P, Gong Y, Lu W, Sakagami N, Mo Z, Komatsuzaki M. Radiocesium distribution caused by tillage inversion affects the soil-to-crop transfer factor and translocation in agroecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154897. [PMID: 35367255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the translocation of cesium-137 (137Cs) into deep soil layers, and the 137Cs transfer from soil to soybean in farmland under three tillage (no tillage, NT; rotary cultivation, RC; moldboard plow; MP) treatments and an undisturbed grassland (GL) at eight years after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on 11 March 2011 in Japan. Tillage influences the 137Cs distribution in the 0-30 cm of soil; the distribution of 137Cs in the soil was uniform under RC and MP treatments, while in the grassland, most 137Cs was concentrated on the soil surface (0-2.5 cm). The center of vertical 137Cs radioactivity concentration (the thickness of the soil from surface which containing half of the 137Cs inventory) in GL was 5.5 cm, which was shallower than that in farmland (9.5 cm in NT, 13.6 cm in RC and 15.2 cm in MP). Hence, the total translocation distance of 137Cs 8 years after FDNPP accident showed the following trend: GL (2.4 cm) < NT (7.0 cm) < RC (10.0 cm) < MP (12.3 cm). Meanwhile, a significant positive correlation was observed between 137Cs radioactivity concentration and organic carbon and nitrogen content in the soil. However, the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in soybean grains was negatively correlated with the center of vertical 137Cs radioactivity concentration but positively correlated with the ratio of exchangeable 137Cs (ExCs) and K content in the soil. The ExCs/K and 137Cs distributions in the soil were combined into a statistical model to predict the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in soybean grain. The results revealed the magnitude of the impact of 137Cs distribution on the 137Cs transfer from soil to crop. The addition of the 137Cs distribution dramatically improved the accuracy of the prediction model of 137Cs radioactivity concentration in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Li
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yingting Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1, Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sakagami
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1, Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Masakazu Komatsuzaki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Center for International Field Agriculture Research & Education, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.
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18
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Oloś G, Dołhańczuk-Śródka A. Effective and environmental half-lives of radiocesium in game from Poland. J Environ Radioact 2022; 248:106870. [PMID: 35358916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the first time changes in the 137Cs activity in game throughout Poland, including its most contaminated part known as the Opole Anomaly, were analyzed. Due to its long physical half-life, 137Cs continuously demonstrates high activity both in soil and biota. The species of game mammals, along with forest fruit and mushrooms, tend to accumulate this radionuclide, becoming one of the main sources of secondary contamination in people. In this study the 137Cs activity in roe deer, wild boar and red deer muscle tissue samples, within the years of 1986-2019, were studied. The effective and environmental half-lives were determined for each of the mentioned species for four regions including NE Poland and the Opole Anomaly placed in SW Poland. In all examined species at least two different phases of changes in the 137Cs activity were distinguished, therefore the values of effective half-lives for the researched period since the Chernobyl accident do not correspond with the values from within last ten years. It was proven for the first time that within the anomalous area, featuring the highest values of gamma surface activity in Poland, the 137Cs activity increases with time in the muscle tissues of all three species. No intraspecies, nor interspecies differences of 137Cs activity among the studied species were found. In the light of the collected data, monitoring game considering the 137Cs activity appears to be valid, as, due to not completely clear trophic dependencies, this radionuclide currently increased its migration to the game species despite passing its physical half-life period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Oloś
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, Kominka Street 6, 45-032, Opole, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, Kominka Street 6, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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19
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Ujwal P, Yashodhara I, Sudeep Kumara K, Ravi PM, Karunakara N. Environmental transfer parameters of strontium for soil to cow milk pathway for tropical monsoonal climatic region of the Indian subcontinent. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7528. [PMID: 35534517 PMCID: PMC9085734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The radionuclide transfer between compartments is commonly described by transfer parameters representing the ratio of concentrations of an element in two compartments for equilibrium conditions. This is a comprehensive study on the soil-to-grass transfer factor (Fv) and grass-to-cow milk transfer coefficient (Fm) for stable strontium (Sr) for soil-grass (pasture)-cow (Bos taurus) milk environmental pathway under field conditions for a high rainfall tropical monsoonal climatic region of the Indian subcontinent. The study was conducted in the vicinity of the Kaiga nuclear power plant (NPP), situated ~ 58 km inland of the West Coast of the Indian subcontinent. A grass field was developed exclusively for this study, and two cows of the native breed were raised to graze on it. The soil, grass, and milk were analyzed to evaluate the Fv and the Fm values for the stable Sr. For comparison, several pasture lands and the cows raised by the villagers and a dairy farm were also studied. The Fv values were in the range 0.18-8.6, the geometric mean (GM) being 1.8. The correlations of Fv values with a range of physicochemical parameters are presented. The GM values for Fm were 2.2 × 10-3 d L-1 and 7.2 × 10-3 d L-1 for the two cows raised for this study, 2.6 × 10-3 d L-1 for those raised by the villagers, and 4.2 × 10-3 d L-1 for the dairy farm. The site-specific Fm value for the region was determined as 3.2 × 10-3 d L-1. The concentration ratio (CR), defined as the ratio of Sr concentration in milk to that in feed under equilibrium conditions, exhibited less variability (1.8 × 10-2-5.4 × 10-2) among the three categories of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ujwal
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
- Department of Science and Humanities, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sangli, Maharastra, 415414, India
| | - I Yashodhara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - K Sudeep Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - P M Ravi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India.
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20
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Fu J, Zhang L, Wang SL, Yuan WL, Zhang GH, Zhu QH, Chen H, He L, Tao GH. Ultralow-cost portable device for cesium detection via perovskite fluorescence. J Hazard Mater 2022; 425:127981. [PMID: 34883380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Public anxiety and concern from cesium pollution in oceans have been back on the agenda since tons of nuclear waste water were announced to be poured into oceans. Cesium ion can easily enter organisms and bioaccumulate in animals and plants, thus its harm is chronic to humans through food chains. Here we showed a kind of hybrid ionic liquid membrane (HILM) for detection of cesium ion in seawater through CsPbBr3 perovskite fluorescence. With sustainability in mind, HILM was built frugally. The lowest cost of HILM is below 3 cents per piece. The HILM can detect cesium ion quickly with eye-readable fluorescence signal. Ultracheap, portable, easy-to-use on-site detection device could offer benefit for personal security and applications in environment science and ecology in the future decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Shuang-Long Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Wen-Li Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Guo-Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Guo-Hong Tao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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21
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Flouret A, Henner P, Coppin F, Pierrisnard S, Carasco L, Février L. Cesium transfer to millet and mustard as a function of Cs availability in soils. J Environ Radioact 2022; 243:106800. [PMID: 34959109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
137Cs is one of the most persistent radioactive contaminants in soil after a nuclear accident. It can be taken up by plants and enter the human food chain generating a potential human health hazard. Although a large amount of literature has highlighted the role of the different processes involved in Cs uptake by plants, there is still no simple way to predict its transfer for a specific plant from a particular soil. Based on the assumption that the concentration ratio (CR) of Cs can be predicted from one plant taxon if the CR of another taxon is known and taken as reference, whatever the supporting soils, a series of plant/soil Cs transfer experiments were performed on Rhizotest during 21 days using three soils with different textures, clay and organic matter contents and two plants (millet and mustard) with potentially contrasting Cs uptake capacity based on their phylogeny. CRs of each plant varied by 2-3 orders of magnitude depending on the soil and contrary to expectations, the CRs of mustard were either higher (for clay soil), equal (for clay-loam soil) or lower (for sandy soil) than the one of millet. Considering Cs availability in soils and defining a new CR based on the amount of Cs available in the soil (CRavail) decreased the range of variation in CR between the different soil types for a given plant by one order of magnitude. Differences in Cs (and K) translocation to shoots, possibly specific to millet within Poales, could partly explain the relative CRs of millet and mustard as a function of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flouret
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - P Henner
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - F Coppin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - S Pierrisnard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - L Carasco
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - L Février
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
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Zorza L, Bertins M, Saleniece K, Kizane G, Grinbergs A, Eismonts U, Reinholds I, Viksna A, Muter O. Caesium-133 Accumulation by Freshwater Macrophytes: Partitioning of Translocated Ions and Enzyme Activity in Plants and Microorganisms. Sustainability 2022; 14:1132. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The potential of aquatic plants to accumulate Cs may be of notable importance in the environmental monitoring of radioactive wastes. This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of Cs-133 by freshwater macrophytes Bacopa amplexicaulis, Elodea densa, Ceratophyllum submersum, and Limnobium laevigantum after a 10-day incubation period with CsCl (1–1000 μM). The partitioning of Cs and other elements, including 21 metals, such as P, B, and As, was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis (PCA). The enzymatic activity of plant crude extracts and aquatic microorganisms was characterized. The transfer factor (TF) reached the highest values of 0.13 and 0.10 for C. submersum and L. laevigantum, respectively, at 1000 μM Cs. The TFs in the other sets were below 0.1. In the presence of Cs-133, there was a significant increase in dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) and a decrease in the activity of the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. A three-fold decrease in culturable microorganisms was found in plants with 1000 μM Cs. PCA analysis revealed the species-specific elemental distribution in plant biomass and the aquatic phase. A negative correlation between Na, Ca (2.0–2.5, PC1) and Mg, K, and P (−2, PC1) was found. Certain enzyme groups can serve as bioindicators of Cs pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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De Nadai Fernandes EA, Furlan GN, Lima RC, Bacchi MA, Sarriés SRV, Sarriés GA. Elemental profile of dietary supplements and agricultural byproducts evaluated by neutron activation analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022; 331:5487-92. [PMID: 36406808 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements and agricultural byproducts were characterized by neutron activation analysis. The nutritional potential of supplements was evaluated according to alternative and commercial categories, using analysis of variance and cluster analysis, and recommended dietary intake for children. The results indicated statistically significant differences between both categories for the elements Cs, K, Na, and Rb. For the nutritional elements Ca, Co, Fe, K, Na, and Zn, the categories were similar in cluster analysis. The similarity between elemental profiles of alternative supplements and agricultural byproducts was calculated using a dissimilarity matrix, showing that rice and wheat are the predominant ingredients.
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Wang S, Yang B, Zhou Q, Li Z, Li W, Zhang J, Tuo F. Radionuclide content and risk analysis of edible mushrooms in northeast China. Radiation Medicine and Protection 2021; 2:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Baker KR, Lee SD, Lemieux P, Hudson S, Murphy BN, Bash JO, Koplitz SN, Nguyen TKV, Hao WM, Baker S, Lincoln E. Predicting wildfire particulate matter and hypothetical re-emission of radiological Cs-137 contamination incidents. Sci Total Environ 2021; 795:148872. [PMID: 34328919 PMCID: PMC9019821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiological release incidents can potentially contaminate widespread areas with radioactive materials and decontamination efforts are typically focused on populated areas, which means radionuclides may be left in forested areas for long periods of time. Large wildfires in contaminated forested areas have the potential to reintroduce these radionuclides into the atmosphere and cause exposure to first responders and downwind communities. One important radionuclide contaminant released from radiological incidents is radiocesium (137Cs) due to high yields and its long half-life of 30.2 years. An Eulerian 3D photochemical transport model was used to estimate potential ambient impacts of 137Cs re-emission due to wildfire following hypothetical radiological release scenarios. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model did well at predicting levels and periods of increased PM2.5 carbon due to wildfire smoke at routine surface monitors in California during the summer of 2016. The model also did well at capturing the extent of the surface mixing layer compared to aerosol lidar measurements. Emissions from a large hypothetical wildfire were introduced into the wildland-urban interface (WUI) impacted by a hypothetical radiological release event. While ambient concentrations tended to be highest near the fire, the highest population committed effective dose equivalent by inhalation to an adult from 137Cs over an hour was downwind where wind flows moved smoke to high population areas. Seasonal variations in meteorology (wind flows) can result in differential population impacts even in the same metropolitan area. Modeled post-incident ambient levels of 137Cs both near these wildfires and further downwind in nearby urban areas were well below levels that would necessitate population evacuation or warrant other protective action recommendations such as shelter-in-place. These results suggest that 1) the modeling system captures local to regional scale transport and levels of PM2.5 from wildfire and 2) first responders and downwind population would not be expected to be at elevated risk from the initial inhalathion exposure of 137Cs re-emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk R Baker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Sang Don Lee
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul Lemieux
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Scott Hudson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin N Murphy
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jesse O Bash
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shannon N Koplitz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Wei Min Hao
- Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Stephen Baker
- Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Emily Lincoln
- Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, MT, USA
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Moon JY, Adams E, Miyazaki T, Kondoh Y, Muroi M, Watanabe N, Osada H, Shin R. Cesium tolerance is enhanced by a chemical which binds to BETA-GLUCOSIDASE 23 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21109. [PMID: 34702872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cesium (Cs) is found at low levels in nature but does not confer any known benefit to plants. Cs and K compete in cells due to the chemical similarity of Cs to potassium (K), and can induce K deficiency in cells. In previous studies, we identified chemicals that increase Cs tolerance in plants. Among them, a small chemical compound (C17H19F3N2O2), named CsToAcE1, was confirmed to enhance Cs tolerance while increasing Cs accumulation in plants. Treatment of plants with CsToAcE1 resulted in greater Cs and K accumulation and also alleviated Cs-induced growth retardation in Arabidopsis. In the present study, potential target proteins of CsToAcE1 were isolated from Arabidopsis to determine the mechanism by which CsToAcE1 alleviates Cs stress, while enhancing Cs accumulation. Our analysis identified one of the interacting target proteins of CsToAcE1 to be BETA-GLUCOSIDASE 23 (AtβGLU23). Interestingly, Arabidopsis atβglu23 mutants exhibited enhanced tolerance to Cs stress but did not respond to the application of CsToAcE1. Notably, application of CsToAcE1 resulted in a reduction of Cs-induced AtβGLU23 expression in wild-type plants, while this was not observed in a high affinity transporter mutant, athak5. Our data indicate that AtβGLU23 regulates plant response to Cs stress and that CsToAcE1 enhances Cs tolerance by repressing AtβGLU23. In addition, AtHAK5 also appears to be involved in this response.
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Rallos RV, Dicen GP, Habibi S, Salem D, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Yokoyama T. Influence of potassium-solubilizing bacteria on the growth and radiocesium phyto-transfer of Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis grown in contaminated Fukushima soils. J Environ Radioact 2021; 237:106682. [PMID: 34148005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The supply of K, being the chemical analog of Cs, affects the phytotransfer of radiocesium such as 137Cs from contaminated soils and its accumulation in plant tissues. Since K and Cs have high affinity to the same clay particle surfaces, the presence of potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) could increase the availability of not only K+ in the rhizosphere but also of radiocesium. In this study, we obtained five KSB isolates with the highest solubilization capacities from soybean rhizosphere on modified Aleksandrov medium containing sericite as K source. Based on biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we identified the bacteria as Bacillus aryabhattai MG774424, Pseudomonas umsongensis MG774425, P. frederiksbergensis MG774426, Burkholderia sabiae MG774427, and P. mandelii MG774428. We evaluated the KSB isolates based on plant growth promotion and 137Cs accumulation in komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. Perviridis) grown in three soils collected from Miyanoiri, Takanishi, and Ota contaminated by 137Cs from the Fukushima accident. Inoculation with KSB showed beneficial effects on plant growth and increased the overall plant biomass production (~40%). On the average, KSB inoculation resulted in the removal of 0.07 ± 0.04% of 137Cs from the soil, more than twice the control. But similar to the effect of KSB inoculation on komatsuna biomass production, different KSBs performed variably and exhibited site-specific responses independent of their K-solubilizing capacities, with higher 137Cs phyto-transfer in roots than in shoots. In terms of root transfer factor (TF), values were highest in komatsuna plants grown in Miyanoiri and Ota soils inoculated with P. frederiksbergensis and Burkholderia sabiae, while they were highest in Takanishi soils inoculated with Bacillus aryabhattai and P. umsongensis. These TF values were also much higher than previously reported values for komatsuna grown in 137Cs-contaminated Fukushima soils inoculated with other rhizobacteria. Thus, KSB inoculation significantly enhance not only the growth of komatsuna but 137Cs uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland V Rallos
- Agriculture Research Section, Atomic Research Division, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI), Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-12 8509, Japan.
| | - Gerald P Dicen
- Agriculture Research Section, Atomic Research Division, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI), Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Safiullah Habibi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Djedidi Salem
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-12 8509, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-12 8509, Japan; Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-12 8509, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-12 8509, Japan; The Faculty of Food and Agricultural Science, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
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Eguchi T, Ishikawa T, Fujimura S, Ota T, Wakabayashi S, Matsunami H, Shinano T. Application of Finnish phlogopite to reduce radiocesium uptake by paddy rice. J Environ Radioact 2021; 237:106687. [PMID: 34186241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Field and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of coarse Finnish phlogopite application to reduce radiocesium uptake by paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). The application of phlogopite was expected to reduce radiocesium uptake by crops through K supply and radiocesium retention. Three fields were set in Fukushima Prefecture, and coarse (mean particle size of 450 μm) phlogopite from Siilinjärvi (Finland) was applied at a rate of 5 t ha-1. Paddy rice was cultivated for 2-4 successive years. In all fields, the average 137Cs transfer factor (TF) of brown rice harvested from plots with added phlogopite was significantly lower than that of brown rice from plots without added phlogopite over the 2-4-year experiments. TF was decreased by up to 80% following phlogopite application, without an adverse effect on yield. Exchangeable K and soil solution K were higher in the soils with added phlogopite, suggesting K released from phlogopite reduced 137Cs uptake by paddy rice. Moreover, in a pot cultivation experiment, even when 55% of the total K was removed from phlogopite prior to application, the TF in pots with phlogopite application was less than half of that in pots without added phlogopite. The results from the field study and the pot cultivation experiment suggested that the application of Finnish phlogopite is effective to reduce the TF of brown rice. Exchangeable K and tetraphenylborate-extractable-K (TPB-K) at rooting stage, and soil solution K at tillering and heading stages showed significant negative correlation with TF. TPB-K was significantly positively correlated with soil solution K at tillering stage and heading stage, whereas exchangeable K at rooting stage did not exhibit significant correlation with soil solution K at heading stage. The results suggest that TPB-K is more reliable than exchangeable K, which could facilitate as a basis of K fertilizer recommendation for radiocesium-contaminated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Eguchi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Shigeto Fujimura
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ota
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Shokichi Wakabayashi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Hisaya Matsunami
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
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Strzałek M, Barczak K, Karwowska J, Królak E. Activity of 137Cs and 40K Isotopes in Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Stands of Different Ages in a Selected Area of Eastern Poland. Forests 2021; 12:1205. [DOI: 10.3390/f12091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: a forest is an ecosystem that allows for the assessment of radioactive contamination of the environment over several decades. (1) Background and Objectives: measurements of the activity of the 137Cs isotope in various elements of a forest ecosystem are one of the most important parameters in the assessment of radioisotope contamination. The translocation of 137Cs in the environment is determined by the activity of the natural 40K isotope in soil. The activities of 137Cs and 40K isotopes were assessed in two stands of Betula pendula and Pinus sylvestris, differing in age (30, 50, and 80 years old); (2) Materials and Methods: the research was conducted in one of the forest districts of eastern Poland. Wood, litter, and soil were collected for the tests from the sampling sites. The activity of 137Cs and 40K was determined using the γ-spectrometric method. Based on the activity of these isotopes in wood and soil, the values of translocation factors (TF) were determined; (3) Results: the highest activity of 137Cs was recorded in the wood of the oldest stands, the growth period of which coincided with the time period of intensive testing with nuclear weapons. With the growing age of the stand, the value of TF 137Cs increased, while the value of TF 40K was not dependent on the age of the stands. Birch wood accumulated more 137Cs and 40K isotopes than pine wood. (4) Conclusions: the results show a much greater radioactive contamination of the environment in eastern Poland during the testing with nuclear weapons than after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion. The greater accumulation of radiocesium in birch wood than in pine wood predisposes this species to be more useful when assessing the radioactive contamination of the environment from the past.
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Velasco H, Anjos RM. A review of 137Cs and 40K soil-to-plant transfer factors in tropical plants. J Environ Radioact 2021; 235-236:106650. [PMID: 34058642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work we critically assess the soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) for 137Cs and 40K in edible fleshy organs of tropical plants that are often components of the human diet. Radionuclide concentrations in soil and plants were obtained from previous investigations developed in Brazil, after the Goiânia radiological accident occurred in 1987. Transfer factors were determined in specific plant compartments (main root, main stem, bark, old and new branches, twig, old and new leaves, mature and green edible organs) of tropical species such as lemon (Citrus aurantifolia), orange (Citrus sinensis), guava (Psidium guajava), chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), pomegranate (Punica granatum), papaya (Carica papaya), banana (Musa paradisíaca), and manioc (Manihot esculenta). For 137Cs, soil-to-fruit transfer factor ranged from 0.80 × 10-2 (banana) to 3.65 × 10-1 (pomegranate); for 40K, this factor was from 4.42 × 10-1 (orange) to 1.74 (chili pepper). Considering all the plant compartments analysed, the transfer factors for 40K are between 24.5 (guava) and 90.5 (papaya) times higher than for 137Cs. For both radionuclides, considerable differences in soil-to-plant transfer were found when new growing parts of the plant (green edible organ, leaf, and twig) are considered with respect to those older parts (mature edible organ, old leaf and branches). Considering all the species analyzed, the relationship TF(40K)/TF(137Cs) does not seem to follow a characteristic pattern. However, if we compare the value of this relationship for two organs of the same plant, the result is approximately constant, regardless of the species considered. This confirms earlier evidence that both radionuclides are similarly distributed in the different organs of the studied species. The differences in the transfer factors according to the ripening status of edible organs must be particularly considered when estimating the dose from ingestion of fruits and their derivatives in dose assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Velasco
- GEA - Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ej. de los Andes 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - R M Anjos
- LARA - Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais (LARA), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal Milton Tavares de Souza, s/no, Gragoatá, 24210-340, Niterói,RJ, Brazil
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Kang DJ, Tazoe H, Yamada M. Effects of environmental conditions, low-level potassium, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or combination treatment on radiocesium-137 decontamination in Napier grass. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:49602-49612. [PMID: 33939095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction is widely used to remove environmental pollutants such as heavy metals or radionuclides from soil. It is important to understand how to enhance the accumulation of contaminants by plants. Previously, we found that Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) has the potential to effectively remove Cs (133Cs and 137Cs). In order to enhance the remediation efficiency of Napier grass, we evaluated the effects of low-level K (K), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or the combination of low-level K and EDTA (K+EDTA). We also examined the differences in 137Cs decontamination between two cropping years (2018 and 2019). Overall, there were no prominent effects from the K, EDTA, or K+EDTA treatments on plant growth (plant height, tiller number), aboveground biomass, 137Cs concentration, and 137Cs removal ratio (CR) in 2 years. However, the aboveground biomass (P < 0.001), 137Cs concentration (P < 0.001 in 2019 only), and CR (P < 0.001) in plants grown in the first growing period were significantly higher than in plants grown in the second growing period in both years. The mean 137Cs concentration (P < 0.001) and total CR (P < 0.001) per year was significantly greater in 2019 than in 2018. The precipitation amount during the cultivation period in 2019 (1197 mm) was 1.8-fold higher than in 2018 (655 mm). In this study, the K, EDTA, and K+EDTA treatments had less effect plant growth than the natural environmental conditions. To enhance remediation efficiency, soil moisture is one important factor to produce more aboveground biomass to achieve high CR in Napier grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Kang
- Teaching and Research Center for Bio-coexistence, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Goshogawara, 037-0202, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamada
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
- Marine Ecology Research Institute, Chiba, 299-5105, Japan
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Yamashita H, Nishina Y, Komori N, Kamoshita M, Oya Y, Okuno K, Morita A, Ikka T. Cesium uptake and translocation from tea cutting roots (Camellia sinensis L.). J Environ Radioact 2021; 235-236:106655. [PMID: 34034207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the uptake of radiocesium (137Cs) by tea plant roots, 1-year-old rooted tea cuttings (Camellia sinensis L. cv. Yabukita) at the time of bud opening were cultivated hydroponically for 27 days in pots containing nutrient solutions with or without 137CsCl (600 Bq mL-1). Total 137Cs radioactivity of whole tea plants were 6.1 kBq g-1 dry weight. The plant/solution 137Cs transfer factors of different tissues were in the range of 2.6 (in mature leaves) to 28.2 mL g-1 dry weight (in roots), which were lower than those reported in wheat and spinach. In total, 69% of 137Cs remained in roots and 31% was transported from roots to shoots. The results indicated that 137Cs was preferentially translocated to new shoots, which are used for manufacturing tea, over mature leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yamashita
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishina
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Naho Komori
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kamoshita
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Oya
- Radioscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Okuno
- Radioscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikka
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Matsunami H, Uchida T, Kobayashi H, Ota T, Shinano T. Comparative dynamics of potassium and radiocesium in soybean with different potassium application levels. J Environ Radioact 2021; 233:106609. [PMID: 33857822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a field experiment in soybean with different levels of K application to elucidate the comparative dynamics of 137Cs and K. The inventory of K in the shoots increased substantially from the fifth trifoliate stage to the full seed stage, and as the absorption of K increased, so too did the absorption of 137Cs. Overall, the effect of K application was much greater in terms of 137Cs dynamics than K dynamics or biomass production. K application reduced not only the accumulation of 137Cs in the shoots, but also the distribution of 137Cs to the grains. However, the decrease of 137Cs distribution to the grain had a much smaller effect on 137Cs accumulation in the grains than 137Cs absorption. A positive correlation was also observed between the exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil and the 137Cs/K ratio in the shoots for each growth stage, and the 137Cs/K ratios in the shoots at the full seed and full maturity stage were much higher than those at the fifth trifoliate and full bloom stage under the same exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil. These findings suggest a decrease in the discrimination of 137Cs from K during absorption after the full bloom stage. As a result of this and the increase in soil-exchangeable 137Cs/K with growth, radiocesium was more transferable to the shoots after the full bloom stage. Overall, these results suggest that lowering the soil-exchangeable radiocesium/potassium ratio after the full bloom stage by increasing K availability could efficiently reduce the transfer of radiocesium to the grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaya Matsunami
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Uchida
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan; Division of Agro-Environment Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan; Center for Weed and Wildlife Management, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ota
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan; Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO, 8 Higashida-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0005, Japan.
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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Ashraf MA, Akihiro T, Ito K, Kumagai S, Sugita R, Tanoi K, Rahman A. ATP binding cassette proteins ABCG37 and ABCG33 function as potassium-independent cesium uptake carriers in Arabidopsis roots. Mol Plant 2021; 14:664-678. [PMID: 33588076 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium accumulated in the soil by nuclear accidents is a major environmental concern. The transport process of cesium (Cs+) is tightly linked to the indispensable plant nutrient potassium (K+) as they both belong to the group I alkali metals with similar chemical properties. Most of the transporters that had been characterized to date as Cs+ transporters are directly or indirectly linked to K+. Using a combinatorial approach of physiology, genetics, cell biology, and root uptake assay, here we identified two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, ABCG37 and ABCG33, as facilitators of Cs+ influx. A gain-of-function mutant of ABCG37 (abcg37-1) showed increased sensitivity to Cs+-induced root growth inhibition, while the double knockout mutant of ABCG33 and ABCG37 (abcg33-1abcg37-2) showed resistance, whereas the single loss-of-function mutants of ABCG33 and ABCG37 did not show any alteration in Cs+ response. In planta short-term radioactive Cs+-uptake assay along with growth and uptake assays in a heterologous system confirmed ABCG33 and ABCG37 as Cs+-uptake carriers. Potassium response and content were unaffected in the double-mutant background and yeast cells lacking potassium-uptake carriers transformed with ABCG33 and ABCG37 failed to grow in the absence of K+, confirming that Cs+ uptake by ABCG33 and ABCG37 is independent of K+. Collectively, this work identified two ABC proteins as new Cs+-influx carriers that act redundantly and independent of the K+-uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Ashraf
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Akihiro
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Keita Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kumagai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Agri-Innovation, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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Kaste JM, Volante P, Elmore AJ. Bomb 137Cs in modern honey reveals a regional soil control on pollutant cycling by plants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1937. [PMID: 33782399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
137Cs is a long-lived (30-year radioactive half-life) fission product dispersed globally by mid-20th century atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Here we show that vegetation thousands of kilometers from testing sites continues to cycle 137Cs because it mimics potassium, and consequently, bees magnify this radionuclide in honey. There were no atmospheric weapons tests in the eastern United States, but most honey here has detectable 137Cs at >0.03 Bq kg−1, and in the southeastern U.S., activities can be >500 times higher. By measuring honey, we show regional patterns in the biogeochemical cycling of 137Cs and conclude that plants and animals receive disproportionally high exposure to ionizing radiation from 137Cs in low potassium soils. In several cases, the presence of 137Cs more than doubled the ionizing radiation from gamma and x-rays in the honey, indicating that despite its radioactive half-life, the environmental legacy of regional 137Cs pollution can persist for more than six decades. Radioactive 137Cs is a fission product remaining in the environment from mid-20th century nuclear testing. Here the authors show that vegetation thousands of kilometers from testing sites continues to cycle 137Cs, and consequently, bees magnify this contaminant in honey in regions with low soil potassium.
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Aba A, Ismaeel A, Al-Boloushi O. Estimation of radiostrontium, radiocesium and radiobarium transfer from arid soil to plant: A case study from Kuwait. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hong S, Um W. Top-Down Synthesis of NaP Zeolite from Natural Zeolite for the Higher Removal Efficiency of Cs, Sr, and Ni. Minerals 2021; 11:252. [DOI: 10.3390/min11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A solid phase of natural zeolite was transformed to Na-zeolite P (NaP zeolite) by a “top-down approach” hydrothermal reaction using 3 M of NaOH solution in a 96 °C oven. Time-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), XRF, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis as well as kinetic, isotherm, and cation exchange capacity experiments were performed to understand the mechanism of mineral transition from natural zeolite to NaP zeolite. The XRD crystal peaks of the natural zeolite decreased (decrystallization phase) first, and then the NaP zeolite XRD crystal peaks increased gradually (recrystallization phase). From the XRF results, the dissolution rate of Si was slow in the recrystallization phase, while it was rapid in the decrystallization phase. The specific surface area measured by BET analysis was higher in NaP zeolite (95.95 m2/g) compared to that of natural zeolite (31.35 m2/g). Furthermore, pore structure analysis confirmed that NaP zeolites have more micropores than natural zeolite. In the kinetic experiment, the results showed that the natural zeolite and NaP zeolite were well matched with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and reached equilibrium within 24 h. The isotherm experiment results confirmed that both zeolites were well matched with the Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum removal capacity (Qmax) values of Sr and Ni were highly increased in NaP zeolite. In addition, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) experiment showed that NaP zeolite has an enhanced CEC of 310.89 cmol/kg compared to natural zeolite (CEC = 119.19 cmol/kg). In the actual batch sorption test, NaP zeolite (35.3 mg/g) still showed high Cs removal efficiency though it was slightly lower than the natural zeolite (39.0 mg/g). However, in case of Sr and Ni, NaP zeolite (27.9 and 27.8 mg/g, respectively) showed a much higher removal efficiency than natural zeolite (4.9 and 5.5 mg/g for Sr and Ni, respectively). This suggests that NaP zeolite, synthesized by a top-down desilication method, is more practical to remove mixed radionuclides from a waste solution.
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Tanaka K, Kanasashi T, Takenaka C, Takahashi Y. Speciation of cesium in tree tissues and its implication for uptake and translocation of radiocesium in tree bodies. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142598. [PMID: 33065509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents, extensive research has focused on the distribution and cycle of radiocesium in forest systems. Nevertheless, direct chemical speciation analyses of Cs by spectroscopic methods are limited by the low abundances of stable Cs as well as radiocesium in trees. In this study, we investigated coordination structures of Cs in 133Cs-doped bark, sapwood, heartwood, needle, and branch samples of trees collected in Fukushima by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. We examined four representative tree species in Fukushima, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata, and Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides. EXAFS spectra suggested that Cs was adsorbed as an outer-sphere complex on all parts of the four species, with electrostatic binding to negatively charged functional groups in components of tree tissues. These results were supported by extraction experiments where more than 98.5% of the sorbed Cs was desorbed from all parts of each tree species using 1 M CH3COONH4. Sorption experiments of Cs on cellulose, an important component of plant cell walls, were carried out in ultrapure water, NaCl, and KCl solutions. The Kd values for cellulose and solutions were not high enough to fix Cs, considering the composition of sap in trees. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with previous field observations indicating that radiocesium is translocated in mobile form to metabolically active tree parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tanaka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Kanasashi
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Chisato Takenaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Vinichuk M, Bergman R, Sundell-Bergman S, Rosén K. Response of spring wheat and potato to foliar application of Zn, Mn and EDTA fertilizers on 137Cs uptake. J Environ Radioact 2021; 227:106466. [PMID: 33248409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of foliar fertilization with zinc (ZnSO4) and manganese (MnSO4 on 137Cs uptake by spring wheat and potato was studied. The experiments were conducted during 3 years (2014-2016) in a137Cs-contaminated area, Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. The fertilization was carried out on podzolic loamy sand soil, poor in most of the microelements. Both crops were fertilized at four successive stages of growth. Foliar application of fertilizers caused higher yield of wheat grain/straw and potato tubers yield in 2014-2015 years but had no effect in 2016. Thus, the overall effect of fertilization between 2014 and 2016 was less pronounced and generally insignificant. Application of Zn, Mn and EDTA reduced 137Cs uptake by wheat grain and potato tubers, when fertilized at earlier stages of growth and development in years 2014 and 2015 by factor 1.5-2.0, while in 2016 the effect was generally statistically insignificant. It is suggested, that reduction of 137Cs uptake by spring wheat and potato, at least partly, was caused by an effect of radionuclide dilution due to the higher biomass of the plants. A foliar spray of EDTA at earlier stages of plant growth and development may be considered as a potential countermeasure aiming reducing 137Cs uptake from soil to plants, even if such effect appeared to be conditional.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vinichuk
- Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University 103, Chudnivska str, Zhytomyr, 10005, Ukraine.
| | | | - S Sundell-Bergman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala. Sweden
| | - K Rosén
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala. Sweden
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Anderson D, Beresford NA, Ishiniwa H, Onuma M, Nanba K, Hinton TG. Radiocesium concentration ratios and radiation dose to wild rodents in Fukushima Prefecture. J Environ Radioact 2021; 226:106457. [PMID: 33227677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium was dispersed from the Fukushima Dai-ichi disaster in March 2011, causing comparatively high radioactive contamination in nearby environments. Radionuclide concentrations in wild rodents (Apodemus argenteus, and Apodemus speciosus) within these areas were monitored from 2012 to 2016. However, whole-organism to soil transfer parameters (i.e., concentration ratio, CRwo-soil) for wild rodents at Fukushima were not determined and hence were lacking from the international transfer databases. We augmented the 2012-2016 data by collecting soil activity concentrations (Bq kg-1, dry mass) from five rodent sampling sites in Fukushima Prefecture, and developed corresponding CRwo-soil values for radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) based on rodent radioactivity concentrations (Bq kg-1, fresh mass). The CRwo-soil were added to the Wildlife Transfer Database (WTD; http://www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org/), supporting the development of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's (ICRP) environmental protection framework, and increasing the WTD from 84 to 477 entries for cesium and Muridae ('Reference Rat'). Significant variation occurred in CRwo-soil values between study sites within Fukushima Prefecture. The geometric mean CRwo-soil, in this paper, was higher than that reported for Muridae species for Chernobyl. Radiocaesium absorbed dose rates were also estimated for wild rodents inhabiting the five Fukushima study sites and ranged from 1.3 to 33 μGy h-1. Absorbed dose rates decreased by a factor of two from 2012 to 2016. Dose rates in highly contaminated areas were within the ICRP derived consideration reference level for Reference Rat (0.1-1 mGy d-1), suggesting the possible occurrence of deleterious effects and need for radiological effect studies in the Fukushima area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Anderson
- Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima City, Kanayagawa, 960-1248, Japan.
| | - Nicholas A Beresford
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Center, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Hiroko Ishiniwa
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima City, Kanayagawa, 960-1248, Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0053, Japan
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima City, Kanayagawa, 960-1248, Japan; Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima City, Kanayagawa, 960-1248, Japan
| | - Thomas G Hinton
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima City, Kanayagawa, 960-1248, Japan; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, CoE, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty for Environmental Sciences and Nature Research Management, 1430, Åas, Norway
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Paramonova T, Kuzmenkova N, Godyaeva M, Slominskaya E. Biometric traits of onion (Allium cepa L.) exposed to 137Cs and 243Am under hydroponic cultivation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 207:111191. [PMID: 32890947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the features of bioaccumulation and phytotoxic effects of long-lived artificial radionuclides, a hydroponic experiment was carried out with the cultivation of onion (Allium cepa L.) in low-mineralized solutions spiked with 137Cs (250 kBq L-1) or 243Am (9 kBq L-1). After the 27-day growth period, ≈70% of 137Cs and ≈14% of 243Am were transferred from the solutions to onion biomass with transfer factor values ≈ 400 and ≈ 80, respectively. Since the bioaccumulation of both radionuclides mainly took place in the roots of onion (77% 137Cs and 93% 243Am of the total amount in biomass), edible organs - bulbs and leaves - were protected to some extent from radioactive contamination. At the same time, the incorporation of the radionuclides into the root tissues caused certain changes in their biometric (geometric and mass) traits, which were more pronounced under the 243Am-treatment of onion. Exposure to 243Am significantly reduced the number, length, and total surface area of onion roots by 1.3-2.6 times. Under the influence of 137Cs, the dry-matter content in roots decreased by 1.3 times with a corresponding increase in the degree of hydration of the root tissues. On the whole, the data obtained revealed the specific features of 137Cs and 243Am behaviour in "hydroponic solution - plant" system and suggested that biometric traits of onion roots could be appropriate indicators of phyto(radio)toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Paramonova
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 199991, Russia.
| | - Natalia Kuzmenkova
- Chemistry Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 199991, Russia; Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, 199991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Maria Godyaeva
- Federal Agricultural Research Centre VIM, 109428, Moscow, Russia.
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Gonze MA, Calmon P, Hurtevent P, Coppin F. Meta-analysis of radiocesium contamination data in Japanese cedar and cypress forests over the period 2011-2017. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:142311. [PMID: 33182179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since Fukushima accident, dozens of field studies have been conducted in order to quantify and understand the behaviour of atmospheric radiocesium (137Cs) fallouts in contaminated forests of Fukushima and neighbouring prefectures. In this paper, we carry out a detailed review of data acquired over 2011-2017 in Japanese cedar and cypress plantations, focusing on aerial tree organs, soil layers and tree-to-soil depuration fluxes. To enable comparison and reinforce the consistency between sites, radiological measurements were normalized by the deposit and interpolated onto the same spatio-temporal frame. Despite some (poorly explained) residual variability, we derived a "mean" pattern by log-averaging data among sites. These "mean" results were analysed with the help of a simple mass-balance approach and discussed in the light of post-Fukushima literature. We demonstrated that the activity levels and dynamics in all compartments were consistent and generally well reproduced by the mass balance approach, for values of the interception fraction between 0.7 and 0.85. The analysis indicated that about 5% of the initial deposit remained in the aerial vegetation after 6 years, more than two thirds of intercepted 137Cs being transferred to the soil due to throughfall. The simulations indicated that foliar uptake might have contributed between 40% and 100% to the activity transferred to stem wood. The activity concentration in canopy organs rapidly decreased in the first few months then more slowly, according to an effective half-life of about 1.6 years. The activity level in the organic layer peaked in summer 2011 then decreased according to an effective half-life of 2.2 years. After a rapid increase in 2011, the contamination of mineral horizons continued to increase more slowly, 85% of 137Cs incoming through the organic layer being retained in the 0-5 cm layer according to a mean residence time longer than in the upper layer (7 against 1.5 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gonze
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France.
| | - P Calmon
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - P Hurtevent
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - F Coppin
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
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Yoshikawa N, Nakashima K, Suzuki Y, Miyazu S, Suzuki K, Nogawa N, Harada N. Influence of irrigation water intake on local increase of radiocesium activity concentration in rice plants near a water inlet. J Environ Radioact 2020; 225:106441. [PMID: 33065427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To identify the cause of the phenomenon that rice plants close to the water inlet contain relatively higher radiocesium within a paddy field plot, we conducted a field experiment by establishing experimental channel using polypropylene corrugated sheets, and sampling surface water, paddy soil and rice plants according to the distance from the water inlet in 2014 and 2015. It was found that the 137Cs activity concentrations in both dissolved and particulate forms in paddy surface water presented a declining trend from the water inlet towards the outlet. The 137Cs activity concentration in paddy soil in the harvesting season and those of brown rice and rice straws were highest at 1-2 m from the water inlet. Balance calculation suggests that destination of the lost 137Cs from the surface water was likely to be adsorption of the dissolved form and sedimentation of particulate form onto the soil. The concentration of exchangeable potassium ion in paddy soil was below the recommended standard of 250 mg kg-1 (as K2O in dry soil) near the water inlet at the harvesting period both years.These findings suggested that the possible crucial factors to induce rice plant uptake of radiocesium near the water inlet were either (1) direct absorption of dissolved 137Cs in surface water by rice plants, (2) absorption of 137Cs, which was originally retained in particulate matter and released by ion exchange and/or by organic matter decomposition in combination with (3) loss of soil exchangeable potassium caused due partly to transportation of soil particles with exchangeable potassium by the rapid water flow near the water inlet and/or leaching by ion exchange onto the soil of other cations such as calcium ion flowing into the paddy field. These findings will contribute to providing possible measures for producing safe rice in highly contaminated areas in which agricultural production will resume in the near future. We propose providing a non-planting zone for the area closer than about 5 m from the water intake to avoid the occurrence of high 137Cs concentrations in rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Kosei Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyazu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuki Suzuki
- Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Norio Nogawa
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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Kurokawa K, Nakao A, Wakabayashi S, Fujimura S, Eguchi T, Matsunami H, Yanai J. Advanced approach for screening soil with a low radiocesium transfer to brown rice in Fukushima based on exchangeable and nonexchangeable potassium. Sci Total Environ 2020; 743:140458. [PMID: 32758809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoavailable K in soil is a key to control the transfer factor of radiocesium from soil to brown rice. The transfer factors were determined for paddy fields cultivated in 2017 and 2018 under different K fertilization regimes in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Two phytoavailable forms of K, the exchangeable and nonexchangeable K contents were investigated for the surface soil sampled after the transplanting and fertilization as well as after harvest of rice in the same paddy fields. The exchangeable K content largely decreased from after transplanting and fertilization to after harvest, and the exchangeable K of the soil after harvest was negatively correlated with the transfer factor (rs = -0.70, p < .001). Most soil samples after harvest showed that the transfer factors exponentially increased as the exchangeable K decreased; however, some of the samples indicated considerably low transfer factors (<0.005) despite being exchangeable K deficient, i.e., exchangeable K < 25 mg K2O 100 g-1. Even though this value before usual fertilization has been effectively used as a threshold to determine whether supplemental K fertilization is required to reduce the radiocesium content in brown rice, additional screening was needed to estimate this radiocesium transfer more precisely. Thus, we found that not only the exchangeable K but also nonexchangeable K contents had a negative correlation with the transfer factor (rs = -0.60, p < .001) of the soil samples after harvest but were not correlated with each other (rp = -0.10). Furthermore, the results revealed that soil with nonexchangeable K > 50 mg K2O 100 g-1 indicated a considerably low transfer factor, even if exchangeable K deficient. Thus, via our field-scale experiments, we concluded that the criterion nonexchangeable K > 50 mg K2O 100 g-1 can be used as another threshold for use along with that of exchangeable K to differentiate soil with a low radiocesium transfer rate from exchangeable K deficient soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5, Shimogamo, Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5, Shimogamo, Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
| | - Shokichi Wakabayashi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50, Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Shigeto Fujimura
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50, Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Eguchi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50, Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Hisaya Matsunami
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50, Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Junta Yanai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5, Shimogamo, Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
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Šustr M, Doksanská T, Doležalová B, Soukup A, Tylová E. 134Cs Uptake and Growth at Various Cs + and K + Levels in Arabidopsis AtKUP7 Mutants. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1525. [PMID: 33182498 PMCID: PMC7696183 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiocaesium is a pollutant with a high risk for the environment, agricultural production, and human health. It is mobile in ecosystems and can be taken up by plants via potassium transporters. In this study, we focused on the role of potassium transporter AtKUP7 of the KT/HAK/KUP family in Cs+ and K+ uptake by plants and in plant tolerance to caesium toxicity. We detected that Arabidopsiskup7 mutant accumulates significantly lower amounts of 134Cs in the root (86%) and in the shoot (69%) compared to the wild-type. On the other hand ability of the mutant to grow on media with toxic (100 and 200 µM) concentrations of Cs+ was not changed; moreover its growth was not impaired on low K+. We further investigated another mutant line in AtKUP7 and found that the growth phenotype of the kup7 mutants in K+ deficient conditions is much milder than previously published. Also, their accumulation of K+ in shoots is hindered only by severe potassium shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šustr
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Tereza Doksanská
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 140 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Doležalová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Edita Tylová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
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Shinano T, Hachinohe M, Fesenko S. Relationships between air dose rates and radionuclide concentrations in agricultural plants observed in areas affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. J Environ Radioact 2020; 222:106359. [PMID: 32750599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most of environmental monitoring programs include measurements of the air dose rates and the radionuclides activity concentration in plants. Both these parameters depend on deposition density of radionuclides. Therefore, measurements of one parameter can (with some supplementary information) be used as an indicator for the other parameter. After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) operated by the Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring centre of Fukushima and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan carried out large sampling programme over different distances from the NPP. The sampling programme was focused on the usage of the weed leaves as a proxy for the prediction of radionuclide transfer to some cultivated plants. The MAFF monitoring programme in 2011-2016 was addressed mainly to agricultural crops. In both cases, the air dose rates were measured at the sites of the sampling. The paper addresses the assessments of relationship between radionuclide activities concentrations in plants and ambient dose rates. The time-dependent relationships were quantified based on weed, buckwheat, brown rice and soybean data obtained in 2011-2016. The recommendations on optimizing emergency sampling programmes based on use of the data of ambient dose rates are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayumi Hachinohe
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Sergey Fesenko
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Kaluga region, 249020, Russian Federation.
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Kanasashi T, Miura S, Hirai K, Nagakura J, Itô H. Relationship between the activity concentration of 137Cs in the growing shoots of Quercus serrata and soil 137Cs, exchangeable cations, and pH in Fukushima, Japan. J Environ Radioact 2020; 220-221:106276. [PMID: 32560880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of radiocesium by plants via root uptake appears to be affected by some of the exchangeable cations in the soil and/or pH of the soil. However, few studies have examined the relationship between 137Cs in trees and soil properties in the area surrounding the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) after the accident in March 2011. To elucidate the relationships between the root uptake of 137Cs by deciduous broadleaved trees and soil properties, we measured the activity concentration of 137Cs in the growing shoots of coppiced konara oak (Quercus serrata) grown after the FDNPP accident and the amounts of total 137Cs; exchangeable (ex-) 137Cs, ex-K, ex-Mg, and ex-Ca; and pH (H2O) in soils collected from 34 forest stands in Fukushima between December 2016 and May 2017. Ex-137Cs showed a positive linear relationship with the activity concentration of 137Cs in the growing konara oak shoots, whereas ln-transformed ex-K, ex-Mg, ex-Ca, and pH (H2O) showed negative linear relationships with ln-transformed 137Cs activity concentrations in the growing shoots. However, only ex-137Cs and ex-K were identified as significant factors determining the activity concentration of 137Cs in konara oak according to multiple regression methods and a model selection using Akaike information criterion; ex-K had a stronger influence on the activity concentration of 137Cs in konara oak than ex-137Cs. In the present study, we demonstrated that soil ex-K negatively and non-linearly alters 137Cs activity concentration in deciduous broadleaved trees. We also noted that the relationship between 137Cs in deciduous broadleaved trees and soil ex-K in forests without K fertilization was similar to the relationships between 137Cs in other plants and ex-K in K-fertilized lands reported in previous studies of the FDNPP accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kanasashi
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Satoru Miura
- Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Keizo Hirai
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Junko Nagakura
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hiroki Itô
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan
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Zhang Y, Lai JL, Ji XH, Luo XG. Assessment of cyto- and genotoxic effects of Cesium-133 in Vicia faba using single-cell gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA assays. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 197:110620. [PMID: 32311615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxic effect of high concentration cesium (Cs) exposure on plant root growth and its toxicological mechanism. The radicle of broad bean (Vicia faba) was selected as experimental material. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of plants exposed to different Cs levels (0.19-1.5 mM) for 48 h were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays. The results showed that radicle elongation decreased clearly after 48 h of exposure treatment with different concentrations of Cs solution. The root cell structure was obviously damaged in the Cs treatment groups (0.19-1.5 mM). At a Cs concentration of 1.5 mM, the percentages of viable non-apoptotic cells, viable apoptotic cells, non-viable apoptotic cells, and non-viable cells were 40.09%, 20.67%, 28.73%, and 10.52%, respectively. SCGE showed DNA damage in radicle cells 48 h after Cs exposure. Compared with the control group, the percentage of tail DNA in Cs exposed group (0.38-1.5 mM) increased by 0.56-1.12 times (P < 0.05). RAPD results showed that the genomic stability of V. faba radicles decreased by 4.44%-15.56%. This study confirmed that high concentration Cs exposure had cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Ji
- College of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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Vacula J, Komínková D, Pecharová E, Doksanská T, Pechar L. Uptake of 133Cs and 134Cs by Ceratophyllum demersum L. under field and greenhouse conditions. Sci Total Environ 2020; 720:137292. [PMID: 32325549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytoremediation abilities of Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) were tested under greenhouse and field conditions. Plants were exposed for 8, 16, and 24 days (greenhouse with stable isotope 133Cs), 8 days (field with 133Cs), and 8 days (climabox with radioactive isotope 134Cs). The plants were exposed to different concentration of stable Cs provided as CsCl (0.008, 0.033, 0.133, 0.267, 0.533, 0.800, 1.067, and 1.333 mM) and different activities of 134Cs (4.46, 4.46, 4.74, 4.64, 2.23 and 2.26 kBq). The results of the experiment revealed a significant effect (p < 0.001) of exposure time on Cs uptake. The results showed highest average 133Cs removal rates of 11%, 17% and 19% for 8, 16, and 24 days, respectively, in the greenhouse, 10% for the 134Cs experiment, and 27% for the field experiment with 133Cs. The results indicated that increasing the length of exposure lowered the uptake ability, hence indicating that the plant has limited capacity for Cs removal. The accumulated amount of Cs by plants is significantly dependent (p < 0.001) on the concentration of treatment and complies to a sigmoid curve. Comparison of experiments revealed the greenhouse experiment with 133Cs and the experiment with 134Cs did not differ significantly in their removal rate. However, the field experiment was significantly different from the previous two (p < 0.001), providing a higher removal rate. C. demersum was also able to resist phytotoxic effects of Cs in the greenhouse experiment for 16 days without significant effects (p > 0.05) on health. Even after 24 days of exposure, the plant resisted up to 0.267 mM treatment concentration with no significant tissue lesion (p > 0.05). These results indicate that C. demersum has potential for remediating aquatic habitats, especially in the case of acute events, where a short duration of phytoremediation may take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Vacula
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Komínková
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Emilie Pecharová
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Doksanská
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, Prague 4 140 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Pechar
- ENKI o.p.s, Dukelská 145, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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50
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Mayeux C, Burk P, Gal JF, Leito I, Massi L. Alkali Metal Cations Bonding to Carboxylate Anions: Studies using Mass Spectrometry and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4390-4399. [PMID: 32378904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Data on the gas-phase energetics of anion/cation interactions are relatively scarce. In this work, gas-phase alkali metal cation basicity (AMCB) scales were established for a series of 15 benzoate ions XC6H4COO- with Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ on the basis of mass spectrometry experiments and high-level calculations. A wide range of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were included in the study. The thermochemical values were calculated by ab initio methodologies and extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. For each metal cation, the experimental relative cation basicity values of the anions were established quantitatively by applying the Cooks' kinetic method to the cation-bound heterodimers [(XC6H4COO-)M+(YC6H4COO-)]-, generated by electrospray ionization. The self-consistency of these AMCB scales was ascertained by multiple overlap of the individual relative basicities. In parallel, the proton gas-phase basicities (GBs) of the benzoate anions (gas-phase acidities of the respective benzoic acids) were calculated in order to compare the results of the theoretical method with known experimental GB values. The experimental and calculated GB values agree quite accurately (average absolute deviation = 3.2 kJ mol-1). The relative experimental AMCB scales and the absolute calculated AMCB scales are highly correlated, and the two sets agree by better than 4 kJ mol-1. It is also demonstrated that the five series of calculated AMCBs are highly correlated with the calculated GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mayeux
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - P Burk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - J-F Gal
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - I Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Massi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France
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