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Vadevoo SMP, Kang Y, Gunassekaran GR, Lee SM, Park MS, Jo DG, Kim SK, Lee H, Kim WJ, Lee B. IL4 receptor targeting enables nab-paclitaxel to enhance reprogramming of M2-type macrophages into M1-like phenotype via ROS-HMGB1-TLR4 axis and inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Theranostics 2024; 14:2605-2621. [PMID: 38646639 PMCID: PMC11024855 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Nab-paclitaxel (Abx) is widely employed in malignant tumor therapy. In tumor cells and pro-tumoral M2-type macrophages, the IL4 receptor (IL4R) is upregulated. This study aimed to elucidate the selective delivery of Abx to M2-type macrophages by targeting IL4R and reprogramming them into an anti-tumoral M1-type. Methods: Abx was conjugated with the IL4R-binding IL4RPep-1 peptide using click chemistry (IL4R-Abx). Cellular internalization, macrophage reprogramming and signal pathways, and tumor growth and metastasis by IL4R-Abx were examined. Results: IL4R-Abx was internalized into M2 macrophages more efficiently compared to the unmodified Abx and control peptide-conjugated Abx (Ctrl-Abx), which was primarily inhibited using an anti-IL4R antibody and a receptor-mediated endocytosis inhibitor compared with a macropinocytosis inhibitor. IL4R-Abx reprogrammed the M2-type macrophages into M1-like phenotype and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and extracellular release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in M2 macrophages at higher levels than Abx and Ctrl-Abx. The conditioned medium of IL4R-Abx-treated M2 macrophages skewed M2 macrophages into the M1-like phenotype, in which an anti-HMGB1 antibody and a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor induced a blockade. IL4R-Abx accumulated at tumors, heightened immune-stimulatory cells while reducing immune-suppressing cells, and hampered tumor growth and metastasis in mice more efficiently than Abx and Ctrl-Abx. Conclusions: These results indicate that IL4R-targeting allows enhancement of M2-macrophage shaping into M1-like phenotype by Abx through the ROS-HMGB1-TLR4 axis, improvement of antitumor immunity, and thereby inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, presenting a new approach to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoul Kang
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowri Rangaswamy Gunassekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gyun Jo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, K-Medi Hub, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Research Facility, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Koyang, Kyunggi 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Christyani G, Carswell M, Qin S, Kim W. An Overview of Advances in Rare Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1201. [PMID: 38256274 PMCID: PMC10815984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stands as the leading global cause of mortality, with rare cancer comprising 230 distinct subtypes characterized by infrequent incidence. Despite the inherent challenges in addressing the diagnosis and treatment of rare cancers due to their low occurrence rates, several biomedical breakthroughs have led to significant advancement in both areas. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques that encompass new-generation sequencing and multi-omics, coupled with the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, that have revolutionized rare cancer diagnosis. In addition, this review highlights the latest innovations in rare cancer therapeutic options, comprising immunotherapy, targeted therapy, transplantation, and drug combination therapy, that have undergone clinical trials and significantly contribute to the tumor remission and overall survival of rare cancer patients. In this review, we summarize recent breakthroughs and insights in the understanding of rare cancer pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic modalities, as well as the challenges faced in the development of rare cancer diagnosis data interpretation and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sisi Qin
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (G.C.); (M.C.)
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3
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Kreatsoulas D, Damante M, Cua S, Lonser RR. Adjuvant convection-enhanced delivery for the treatment of brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:243-255. [PMID: 38261143 PMCID: PMC10834622 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are a therapeutic challenge and remain nearly uniformly fatal. While new targeted chemotherapeutic agentsagainst malignant glioma have been developed in vitro, these putative therapeutics have not been translated into successful clinical treatments. The lack of clinical effectiveness can be the result of ineffective biologic strategies, heterogeneous tumor targets and/or the result of poortherapeutic distribution to malignant glioma cells using conventional nervous system delivery modalities (intravascular, cerebrospinal fluid and/orpolymer implantation), and/or ineffective biologic strategies. METHODS The authors performed a review of the literature for the terms "convection enhanced delivery", "glioblastoma", and "glioma". Selectclinical trials were summarized based on their various biological mechanisms and technological innovation, focusing on more recently publisheddata when possible. RESULTS We describe the properties, features and landmark clinical trials associated with convection-enhanced delivery for malignant gliomas.We also discuss future trends that will be vital to CED innovation and improvement. CONCLUSION Efficacy of CED for malignant glioma to date has been mixed, but improvements in technology and therapeutic agents arepromising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kreatsoulas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, N1019 Doan Hall, 410 W 10Th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Mark Damante
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, N1019 Doan Hall, 410 W 10Th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Santino Cua
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, N1019 Doan Hall, 410 W 10Th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Russell R Lonser
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, N1019 Doan Hall, 410 W 10Th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Pickering AJ, Lamson NG, Marand MH, Hwang W, Straehla JP, Hammond PT. Layer-by-Layer Polymer Functionalization Improves Nanoparticle Penetration and Glioblastoma Targeting in the Brain. ACS Nano 2023; 17:24154-24169. [PMID: 37992211 PMCID: PMC10964212 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by diffuse infiltration into surrounding healthy brain tissues, which makes it challenging to treat. Complete surgical resection is often impossible, and systemically delivered drugs cannot achieve adequate tumor exposure to prevent local recurrence. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) offers a method for administering therapeutics directly into brain tumor tissue, but its impact has been limited by rapid clearance and off-target cellular uptake. Nanoparticle (NP) encapsulation presents a promising strategy for extending the retention time of locally delivered therapies while specifically targeting glioblastoma cells. However, the brain's extracellular structure poses challenges for NP distribution due to its narrow, tortuous pores and a harsh ionic environment. In this study, we investigated the impact of NP surface chemistry using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to design drug carriers for broad spatial distribution in brain tissue and specific glioblastoma cell targeting. We found that poly-l-glutamate and hyaluronate were effective surface chemistries for targeting glioblastoma cells in vitro. Coadsorbing either polymer with a small fraction of PEGylated polyelectrolytes improved the colloidal stability without sacrificing cancer cell selectivity. Following CED in vivo, gadolinium-functionalized LbL NPs enabled MRI visualization and exhibited a distribution volume up to three times larger than liposomes and doubled the retention half-time up to 13.5 days. Flow cytometric analysis of CED-treated murine orthotopic brain tumors indicated greater cancer cell uptake and reduced healthy cell uptake for LbL NPs compared to nonfunctionalized liposomes. The distinct cellular outcomes for different colayered LbL NPs provide opportunities to tailor this modular delivery system for various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Pickering
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Lamson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael H. Marand
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wei Hwang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joelle P. Straehla
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Bernstein ZJ, Shenoy A, Chen A, Heller NM, Spangler JB. Engineering the IL-4/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:29-57. [PMID: 37283511 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structurally and functionally related interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 cytokines play pivotal roles in shaping immune activity. The IL-4/IL-13 axis is best known for its critical role in T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated Type 2 inflammation, which protects the host from large multicellular pathogens, such as parasitic helminth worms, and regulates immune responses to allergens. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells, to coordinate various functions, including immune regulation, antibody production, and fibrosis. Due to its importance for a broad spectrum of physiological activities, the IL-4/IL-13 network has been targeted through a variety of molecular engineering and synthetic biology approaches to modulate immune behavior and develop novel therapeutics. Here, we review ongoing efforts to manipulate the IL-4/IL-13 axis, including cytokine engineering strategies, formulation of fusion proteins, antagonist development, cell engineering approaches, and biosensor design. We discuss how these strategies have been employed to dissect IL-4 and IL-13 pathways, as well as to discover new immunotherapies targeting allergy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Looking ahead, emerging bioengineering tools promise to continue advancing fundamental understanding of IL-4/IL-13 biology and enabling researchers to exploit these insights to develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjali Shenoy
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Agosti E, Zeppieri M, De Maria L, Tedeschi C, Fontanella MM, Panciani PP, Ius T. Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15037. [PMID: 37894718 PMCID: PMC10606063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by aggressive growth and high rates of recurrence. Despite the advancements in conventional therapies, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a potential treatment option. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current strategies and future perspectives of the GBM immunotherapy strategies. A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) up to 3 September 2023. The search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords related to "glioblastomas," "immunotherapies," and "treatment." The studies included in this review consist of randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies reporting on the use of immunotherapies for the treatment of gliomas in human subjects. A total of 1588 papers are initially identified. Eligibility is confirmed for 752 articles, while 655 are excluded for various reasons, including irrelevance to the research topic (627), insufficient method and results details (12), and being case-series or cohort studies (22), systematic literature reviews, or meta-analyses (3). All the studies within the systematic review were clinical trials spanning from 1995 to 2023, involving 6383 patients. Neuro-oncology published the most glioma immunotherapy-related clinical trials (15/97, 16%). Most studies were released between 2018 and 2022, averaging nine publications annually during this period. Adoptive cellular transfer chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were the primary focus in 11% of the studies, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), and cancer vaccines (CVs) comprising 26%, 12%, and 51%, respectively. Phase-I trials constituted the majority at 51%, while phase-III trials were only 7% of the total. Among these trials, 60% were single arm, 39% double arm, and one multi-arm. Immunotherapies were predominantly employed for recurrent GBM (55%). The review also revealed ongoing clinical trials, including 9 on ICIs, 7 on CVs, 10 on OVs, and 8 on CAR T cells, totaling 34 trials, with phase-I trials representing the majority at 53%, and only one in phase III. Overcoming immunotolerance, stimulating robust tumor antigen responses, and countering immunosuppressive microenvironment mechanisms are critical for curative GBM immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, show promise, with the ongoing research aiming to enhance their effectiveness. Personalized cancer vaccines, especially targeting neoantigens, offer substantial potential. Oncolytic viruses exhibited dual mechanisms and a breakthrough status in the clinical trials. CAR T-cell therapy, engineered for specific antigen targeting, yields encouraging results, particularly against IL13 Rα2 and EGFRvIII. The development of second-generation CAR T cells with improved specificity exemplifies their adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Agosti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Division of Neurosurgery, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.)
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lucio De Maria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Division of Neurosurgery, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.)
| | - Camilla Tedeschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Division of Neurosurgery, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.)
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Division of Neurosurgery, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.)
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Division of Neurosurgery, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.A.)
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is a deadly brain tumor without any significantly successful treatments to date. Tumor antigen-targeted immunotherapy platforms including peptide and dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, have extended survival in hematologic malignancies. The relatively "cold" tumor immune microenvironment and heterogenous nature of glioblastoma have proven to be major limitations to translational application and efficacy of DC vaccines. Furthermore, many DC vaccine trials in glioblastoma are difficult to interpret due to a lack of contemporaneous controls, absence of any control comparison, or inconsistent patient populations. Here we review glioblastoma immunobiology aspects that are relevant to DC vaccines, review the clinical experience with DC vaccines targeting glioblastoma, discuss challenges in clinical trial design, and summarize conclusions and directions for future research for the development of effective DC vaccines for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Hotchkiss
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen A Batich
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aditya Mohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rifaquat Rahman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven Piantadosi
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA(S.P.)
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the regulation of cytokine activity is extraordinarily important both physiologically and pathologically. Cytokine and/or cytokine receptor engineering is being widely investigated to safely and effectively modulate cytokine activity for therapeutic benefit. IL-2 in particular has been extensively engineered, to create IL-2 variants that differentially exhibit activities on regulatory T cells to potentially treat autoimmune disease versus effector T cells to augment antitumour effects. Additionally, engineering approaches are being applied to many other cytokines such as IL-10, interferons and IL-1 family cytokines, given their immunosuppressive and/or antiviral and anticancer effects. In modulating the actions of cytokines, the strategies used have been broad, including altering affinities of cytokines for their receptors, prolonging cytokine half-lives in vivo and fine-tuning cytokine actions. The field is rapidly expanding, with extensive efforts to create improved therapeutics for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Dai W, Liao K, Sun Q, Chen D, Pan X, Feng L, Ding Y, Wei S. The Development of Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4308. [PMID: 37686584 PMCID: PMC10486426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that poses a significant challenge for treatment in neuro-oncology, and the survival status of patients after relapse usually means rapid deterioration, thus becoming the leading cause of death among patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma by stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, which could be used in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. This therapy combines several key methods such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viral therapy cancer vaccines, and combination strategies. In this review, we mainly document the latest immunotherapies for the treatment of glioblastoma and especially focus on rGBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zihui Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Wufei Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Kuo Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Q.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Dongjiang Chen
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, USC Keck Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Xingxin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Lishuang Feng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Q.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Ying Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Gan HK, Parakh S, Osellame LD, Cher L, Uccellini A, Hafeez U, Menon S, Scott AM. Antibody drug conjugates for glioblastoma: current progress towards clinical use. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:1089-1102. [PMID: 37955063 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2282729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are now a proven therapeutic class for many cancers, combining highly specific targeting with the potency of high effective payloads. This review summarizes the experience with ADCs in brain tumors and examines future paths for their use in these tumors. AREAS COVERED This review will cover all the key classes of ADCs which have been tested in primary brain tumors, including commentary on the major trials to date. The efficacy of these trials, as well as their limitations, will put in context of the overall landscape of drug development in brain tumors. Importantly, this review will summarize key learnings and insights from these trials that help provide the basis for rational ways in which these drugs can be effectively and appropriate developed for patients with primary brain tumors. EXPERT OPINION ADC development in brain tumors has occurred in two major phases to date. Key learnings from previous trials provide a strong rationale for the continued development of these drugs for primary brain tumors. However, the unique biology of these tumors requires development strategies specifically tailored to maximize their optimal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui K Gan
- Cancer Therapies and Biology Group, Centre of Research Excellence in Brain Tumours, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Cancer Therapies and Biology Group, Centre of Research Excellence in Brain Tumours, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura D Osellame
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lawrence Cher
- Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Umbreen Hafeez
- Cancer Therapies and Biology Group, Centre of Research Excellence in Brain Tumours, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siddharth Menon
- Cancer Therapies and Biology Group, Centre of Research Excellence in Brain Tumours, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Bagley SJ. Phase II trials in the era of glioblastoma immunotherapy: New mechanisms of action, familiar challenges in trial design and tumor response assessment. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1098-1099. [PMID: 36789741 PMCID: PMC10237420 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bagley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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