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Garrett MC, Albano R, Carnwath T, Elahi L, Behrmann CA, Pemberton M, Woo D, O'Brien E, VanCauwenbergh B, Perentesis J, Shah S, Hagan M, Kendler A, Zhao C, Paranjpe A, Roskin K, Kornblum H, Plas DR, Lu QR. HDAC1 and HDAC6 are essential for driving growth in IDH1 mutant glioma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12433. [PMID: 37528157 PMCID: PMC10394035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade and secondary high-grade gliomas frequently contain mutations in the IDH1 or IDH2 metabolic enzymes that are hypothesized to drive tumorigenesis by inhibiting many of the chromatin-regulating enzymes that regulate DNA structure. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising anti-cancer agents and have already been used in clinical trials. However, a clear understanding of their mechanism or gene targets is lacking. In this study, the authors genetically dissect patient-derived IDH1 mutant cultures to determine which HDAC enzymes drive growth in IDH1 mutant gliomas. A panel of patient-derived gliomasphere cell lines (2 IDH1 mutant lines, 3 IDH1 wildtype lines) were subjected to a drug-screen of epigenetic modifying drugs from different epigenetic classes. The effect of LBH (panobinostat) on gene expression and chromatin structure was tested on patient-derived IDH1 mutant lines. The role of each of the highly expressed HDAC enzymes was molecularly dissected using lentiviral RNA interference knock-down vectors and a patient-derived IDH1 mutant in vitro model of glioblastoma (HK252). These results were then confirmed in an in vivo xenotransplant model (BT-142). The IDH1 mutation leads to gene down-regulation, DNA hypermethylation, increased DNA accessibility and H3K27 hypo-acetylation in two distinct IDH1 mutant over-expression models. The drug screen identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and panobinostat (LBH) more specifically as the most selective compounds to inhibit growth in IDH1 mutant glioma lines. Of the eleven annotated HDAC enzymes (HDAC1-11) only six are expressed in IDH1 mutant glioma tissue samples and patient-derived gliomasphere lines (HDAC1-4, HDAC6, and HDAC9). Lentiviral knock-down experiments revealed that HDAC1 and HDAC6 are the most consistently essential for growth both in vitro and in vivo and target very different gene modules. Knock-down of HDAC1 or HDAC6 in vivo led to a more circumscribed less invasive tumor. The gene dysregulation induced by the IDH1 mutation is wide-spread and only partially reversible by direct IDH1 inhibition. This study identifies HDAC1 and HDAC6 as important and drug-targetable enzymes that are necessary for growth and invasiveness in IDH1 mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Garrett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Rebecca Albano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Troy Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Lubayna Elahi
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine A Behrmann
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Merissa Pemberton
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Eric O'Brien
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brett VanCauwenbergh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John Perentesis
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sanjit Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew Hagan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krishna Roskin
- Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harley Kornblum
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Everix L, Seane EN, Ebenhan T, Goethals I, Bolcaen J. Introducing HDAC-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals for Glioblastoma Imaging and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:227. [PMID: 37259375 PMCID: PMC9967489 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in multimodality therapy for glioblastoma (GB) incorporating surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, the overall prognosis remains poor. One of the interesting targets for GB therapy is the histone deacetylase family (HDAC). Due to their pleiotropic effects on, e.g., DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle, HDAC inhibitors have gained a lot of attention in the last decade as anti-cancer agents. Despite their known underlying mechanism, their therapeutic activity is not well-defined. In this review, an extensive overview is given of the current status of HDAC inhibitors for GB therapy, followed by an overview of current HDAC-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Imaging HDAC expression or activity could provide key insights regarding the role of HDAC enzymes in gliomagenesis, thus identifying patients likely to benefit from HDACi-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Everix
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Elsie Neo Seane
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility (PCIF), (NuMeRI) NPC, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/Preclinical Drug Development Platform (PCDDP), North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiation Biophysics Division, SSC laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
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Diaz Rosario M, Kaur H, Tasci E, Shankavaram U, Sproull M, Zhuge Y, Camphausen K, Krauze A. The Next Frontier in Health Disparities—A Closer Look at Exploring Sex Differences in Glioma Data and Omics Analysis, from Bench to Bedside and Back. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1203. [PMID: 36139042 PMCID: PMC9496358 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences are increasingly being explored and reported in oncology, and glioma is no exception. As potentially meaningful sex differences are uncovered, existing gender-derived disparities mirror data generated in retrospective and prospective trials, real-world large-scale data sets, and bench work involving animals and cell lines. The resulting disparities at the data level are wide-ranging, potentially resulting in both adverse outcomes and failure to identify and exploit therapeutic benefits. We set out to analyze the literature on women’s data disparities in glioma by exploring the origins of data in this area to understand the representation of women in study samples and omics analyses. Given the current emphasis on inclusive study design and research, we wanted to explore if sex bias continues to exist in present-day data sets and how sex differences in data may impact conclusions derived from large-scale data sets, omics, biospecimen analysis, novel interventions, and standard of care management.
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Huang W, Hao Z, Mao F, Guo D. Small Molecule Inhibitors in Adult High-Grade Glioma: From the Past to the Future. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911876. [PMID: 35785151 PMCID: PMC9247310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain and has a dismal prognosis despite patients accepting standard therapies. Alternation of genes and deregulation of proteins, such as receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/Akt, PKC, Ras/Raf/MEK, histone deacetylases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), CDK4/6, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1), and Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma. Simultaneously, the abnormalities change the cellular biological behavior and microenvironment of tumor cells. The differences between tumor cells and normal tissue become the vulnerability of tumor, which can be taken advantage of using targeted therapies. Small molecule inhibitors, as an important part of modern treatment for cancers, have shown significant efficacy in hematologic cancers and some solid tumors. To date, in glioblastoma, there have been more than 200 clinical trials completed or ongoing in which trial designers used small molecules as monotherapy or combination regimens to correct the abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the dysfunctional molecular mechanisms and highlight the outcomes of relevant clinical trials associated with small-molecule targeted therapies. Based on the outcomes, the main findings were that small-molecule inhibitors did not bring more benefit to newly diagnosed glioblastoma, but the clinical studies involving progressive glioblastoma usually claimed “noninferiority” compared with historical results. However, as to the clinical inferiority trial, similar dosing regimens should be avoided in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaonian Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Guo, ; Feng Mao,
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Guo, ; Feng Mao,
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Śledzińska P, Bebyn MG, Furtak J, Kowalewski J, Lewandowska MA. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910373. [PMID: 34638714 PMCID: PMC8508830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common central nervous system tumors. New technologies, including genetic research and advanced statistical methods, revolutionize the therapeutic approach to the patient and reveal new points of treatment options. Moreover, the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System has fundamentally changed the classification of gliomas and incorporated many molecular biomarkers. Given the rapid progress in neuro-oncology, here we compile the latest research on prognostic and predictive biomarkers in gliomas. In adult patients, IDH mutations are positive prognostic markers and have the greatest prognostic significance. However, CDKN2A deletion, in IDH-mutant astrocytomas, is a marker of the highest malignancy grade. Moreover, the presence of TERT promoter mutations, EGFR alterations, or a combination of chromosome 7 gain and 10 loss upgrade IDH-wildtype astrocytoma to glioblastoma. In pediatric patients, H3F3A alterations are the most important markers which predict the worse outcome. MGMT promoter methylation has the greatest clinical significance in predicting responses to temozolomide (TMZ). Conversely, mismatch repair defects cause hypermutation phenotype predicting poor response to TMZ. Finally, we discussed liquid biopsies, which are promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive techniques, but further work is needed to implement these novel technologies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Śledzińska
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Tumors, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Torun, Poland
- The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Molecular Oncology and Genetics Department, Innovative Medical Forum, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek G Bebyn
- The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Molecular Oncology and Genetics Department, Innovative Medical Forum, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Furtak
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Department of Neurooncology and Radiosurgery, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janusz Kowalewski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Tumors, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Torun, Poland
| | - Marzena A Lewandowska
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Tumors, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Torun, Poland
- The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Molecular Oncology and Genetics Department, Innovative Medical Forum, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kaur J, Jakhmola S, Singh RR, Joshi B, Jha HC, Joshi A. Ultrasonic Atomizer-Driven Development of Biocompatible and Biodegradable Poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) Nanocarrier-Encapsulated Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid to Combat Brain Cancer. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:5627-5637. [PMID: 35006730 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The path to the discovery of anticancer drugs and investigating their potential activity has remained a quest for several decades. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as "Vorinostat", is a well-known histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and has the potential to act as a therapeutic agent against tumorigenesis. Herein, we have fabricated SAHA incorporated into biocompatible and biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) using a facile method of ultrasonic atomization and evaluated their anticancer property. We have explored their characteristics using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release and have investigated their efficacy on U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells. SAHA-PLGA NPs synthesized were of average mean size of 80 ± 23 and 105 ± 6.0 nm observed through cryo-field-emission gun SEM and HR-TEM with a polydispersity index of 0.068 and a ζ-potential value of -13.26 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 53%, with a sustained in vitro release up to 48 h. The in vitro assessment of SAHA-PLGA NPs for their anticancer activity on U87 GBM cells showed cellular cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 19.91 μM. SAHA-PLGA NP-treated cells also showed suppression in migration with 8.77 μM concentration, and cell growth inhibition was observed in the wound scratch assay for up to 24 h. The cellular uptake studies have been utilized by time-dependent experiments, revealing their cellular internalization. Taking this into account, our present experimental findings indicate that SAHA-PLGA NPs could play a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness and bioavailability and reducing adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy. It also highlights the inherent potential of these biocompatible entities for chemotherapeutic applications in biomedical and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Jakhmola
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Raj Singh
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavana Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
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Garcia-Fabiani MB, Haase S, Comba A, Carney S, McClellan B, Banerjee K, Alghamri MS, Syed F, Kadiyala P, Nunez FJ, Candolfi M, Asad A, Gonzalez N, Aikins ME, Schwendeman A, Moon JJ, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Genetic Alterations in Gliomas Remodel the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Impact Immune-Mediated Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631037. [PMID: 34168976 PMCID: PMC8217836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas are malignant brain tumors that arise in the central nervous system, in patients of all ages. Currently, the standard of care, entailing surgery and chemo radiation, exhibits a survival rate of 14-17 months. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for these malignant brain tumors. Currently, immunotherapies represent an appealing approach to treat malignant gliomas, as the pre-clinical data has been encouraging. However, the translation of the discoveries from the bench to the bedside has not been as successful as with other types of cancer, and no long-lasting clinical benefits have been observed for glioma patients treated with immune-mediated therapies so far. This review aims to discuss our current knowledge about gliomas, their molecular particularities and the impact on the tumor immune microenvironment. Also, we discuss several murine models used to study these therapies pre-clinically and how the model selection can impact the outcomes of the approaches to be tested. Finally, we present different immunotherapy strategies being employed in clinical trials for glioma and the newest developments intended to harness the immune system against these incurable brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Garcia-Fabiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Santiago Haase
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephen Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brandon McClellan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology graduate program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahmoud S. Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Faisal Syed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa E. Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Deng T, Gong Y, Liao X, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhu G, Mo L. Integrative Analysis of a Novel Eleven-Small Nucleolar RNA Prognostic Signature in Patients With Lower Grade Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650828. [PMID: 34164339 PMCID: PMC8215672 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study used the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset to identify prognostic snoRNAs and construct a prognostic signature of The Cancer Genome Atla (TCGA) lower grade glioma (LGG) cohort, and comprehensive analysis of this signature. Methods RNA-seq dataset of 488 patients from TCGA LGG cohort were included in this study. Comprehensive analysis including function enrichment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration, cancer immune microenvironment, and connectivity map (CMap) were used to evaluate the snoRNAs prognostic signature. Results We identified 21 LGG prognostic snoRNAs and constructed a novel eleven-snoRNA prognostic signature for LGG patients. Survival analysis suggests that this signature is an independent prognostic risk factor for LGG, and the prognosis of LGG patients with a high-risk phenotype is poor (adjusted P = 0.003, adjusted hazard ratio = 2.076, 95% confidence interval = 1.290–3.340). GSEA and functional enrichment analysis suggest that this signature may be involved in the following biological processes and signaling pathways: such as cell cycle, Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-ions, T cell receptor, nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. CMap analysis screened out ten targeted therapy drugs for this signature: 15-delta prostaglandin J2, MG-262, vorinostat, 5155877, puromycin, anisomycin, withaferin A, ciclopirox, chloropyrazine and megestrol. We also found that high- and low-risk score phenotypes of LGG patients have significant differences in immune infiltration and cancer immune microenvironment. Conclusions The present study identified a novel eleven-snoRNA prognostic signature of LGG and performed a integrative analysis of its molecular mechanisms and relationship with tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Evidence-based Medicine Teaching and Research Section, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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Wei X, Xiao B, Wang L, Zang L, Che F. Potential new targets and drugs related to histone modifications in glioma treatment. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104942. [PMID: 33965781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma accounts for 40-50% of craniocerebral tumors, whose outcome rarely improves after standard treatment. The development of new therapeutic targets for glioma treatment has important clinical significance. With the deepening of research on gliomas, recent researchers have found that the occurrence and development of gliomas is closely associated with histone modifications, including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Additionally, evidence has confirmed the close relationship between histone modifications and temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. Therefore, histone modification-related proteins have been widely recognized as new therapeutic targets for glioma treatment. In this review, we summarize the potential histone modification-associated targets and related drugs for glioma treatment. We have further clarified how histone modifications regulate the pathogenesis of gliomas and the mechanism of drug action, providing novel insights for the current clinical glioma treatment. Herein, we have also highlighted the limitations of current clinical therapies and have suggested future research directions and expected advances in potential areas of disease prognosis. Due to the complicated glioma pathogenesis, in the present review, we have acknowledged the limitations of histone modification applications in the related clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Wei
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China; Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Bolian Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China; Department of Neurology, the Clinical Medical College of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lanlan Zang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, Shandong, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China; Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China; Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, Shandong, China.
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10
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Puduvalli VK, Wu J, Yuan Y, Armstrong TS, Vera E, Wu J, Xu J, Giglio P, Colman H, Walbert T, Raizer J, Groves MD, Tran D, Iwamoto F, Avgeropoulos N, Paleologos N, Fink K, Peereboom D, Chamberlain M, Merrell R, Penas Prado M, Yung WKA, Gilbert MR. A Bayesian adaptive randomized phase II multicenter trial of bevacizumab with or without vorinostat in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1505-1515. [PMID: 32166308 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bevacizumab has promising activity against recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). However, acquired resistance to this agent results in tumor recurrence. We hypothesized that vorinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anti-angiogenic effects, would prevent acquired resistance to bevacizumab. METHODS This multicenter phase II trial used a Bayesian adaptive design to randomize patients with recurrent GBM to bevacizumab alone or bevacizumab plus vorinostat with the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints of overall survival (OS) and clinical outcomes assessment (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor module [MDASI-BT]). Eligible patients were adults (≥18 y) with histologically confirmed GBM recurrent after prior radiation therapy, with adequate organ function, KPS ≥60, and no prior bevacizumab or HDAC inhibitors. RESULTS Ninety patients (bevacizumab + vorinostat: 49, bevacizumab: 41) were enrolled, of whom 74 were evaluable for PFS (bevacizumab + vorinostat: 44, bevacizumab: 30). Median PFS (3.7 vs 3.9 mo, P = 0.94, hazard ratio [HR] 0.63 [95% CI: 0.38, 1.06, P = 0.08]), median OS (7.8 vs 9.3 mo, P = 0.64, HR 0.93 [95% CI: 0.5, 1.6, P = 0.79]) and clinical benefit were similar between the 2 arms. Toxicity (grade ≥3) in 85 evaluable patients included hypertension (n = 37), neurological changes (n = 2), anorexia (n = 2), infections (n = 9), wound dehiscence (n = 2), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (n = 2), and colonic perforation (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab combined with vorinostat did not yield improvement in PFS or OS or clinical benefit compared with bevacizumab alone or a clinical benefit in adults with recurrent GBM. This trial is the first to test a Bayesian adaptive design with adaptive randomization and Bayesian continuous monitoring in patients with primary brain tumor and demonstrates the feasibility of using complex Bayesian adaptive design in a multicenter setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Puduvalli
- Division of Neuro-Oncoology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Vera
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas
| | - Jihong Xu
- Division of Neuro-Oncoology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Division of Neuro-Oncoology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tobias Walbert
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey Raizer
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - David Tran
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Fabio Iwamoto
- Division of Neurooncology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Karen Fink
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Marc Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan Merrell
- Department of Neurology, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Marta Penas Prado
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Chakraborty S, Mir KB, Seligson ND, Nayak D, Kumar R, Goswami A. Integration of EMT and cellular survival instincts in reprogramming of programmed cell death to anastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:553-566. [PMID: 32020420 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly controlled, coordinated cellular event responsible for inducing programmed cell death to rid the body of defective or unfit cells. Inhibition of apoptosis is, therefore, an essential process for cancer cells to harness. Genomic variants in apoptotic-controlling genes are highly prevalent in cancer and have been identified to induce pro-proliferation and pro-survival pathways, rendering cancer cells resistant to apoptosis. Traditional understanding of apoptosis defines it as an irreversible process; however, growing evidence suggests that apoptosis is a reversible process from which cells can escape, even after the activation of its most committed stages. The mechanism invoked to reverse apoptosis has been termed anastasis and poses challenges for the development and utilization of chemotherapeutic agents. Anastasis has also been identified as a mechanism by which cells can recover from apoptotic lesions and revert back to its previous functioning state. In this review, we intend to focus the attention of the reader on the comprehensive role of survival, metastasis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as DNA damage repair mechanisms in promoting anastasis. Additionally, we will emphasize the mechanistic consequences of anastasis on drug resistance and recent rational therapeutic approaches designed to combat this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souneek Chakraborty
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Khalid Bashir Mir
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Nathan D Seligson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Debasis Nayak
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 540 Riffe Building, 496 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
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12
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Farooq MA, Xinyu H, Jabeen A, Ahsan A, Seidu TA, Kutoka PT, Wang B. Enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of vorinostat through encapsulation in TPGS-modified liposomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 199:111523. [PMID: 33360624 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vorinostat (VOR) is known as one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) for cancer treatment, and the FDA approves it for cutaneous T cell lymphoma therapy. Poor solubility, permeability, and less anti-cancer activity are the main challenges for the effective delivery of VOR against various cancers. So, our team assumed that the surface-coated liposomes might improve the physicochemical properties of biopharmaceutics classification system class IV drugs such as VOR. The present study aimed to enhance the cytotoxicity and improve cellular uptake using TPGS-coated liposomes in breast cancer cells. Liposomes were fabricated by the film hydration following the probe ultra-sonication method. OR-LIPO and TPGS-VOR-LIPO showed an average particle size of 211.97 ± 3.42 nm with PDI 0.2168 ± 0.006 and 176.99 ± 2.06 nm with PDI 0.175 ± 0.018, respectively. TPGS-coated liposomes had better stability and revealed more than 80 % encapsulation efficiency than conventional liposomes. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the TPGS coating around liposomes. Moreover, TPGS-coated liposomes enhanced the solubility and showed sustained release of VOR over 48 h. DSC and PXRD analysis also reveal an amorphous state of VOR within the liposomal formulation. MTT assay result indicates that the superior cytotoxic effect of surface-modified liposomes contrasts with the conventional and free VOR solution, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry results also presented an enhanced cellular uptake of TPGS-coated liposomes against breast cancer cells, respectively. The current investigation's final results declared that TPGS-coated liposomes are promising drug carriers for the effective delivery of hydrophobic drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Farooq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Huang Xinyu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Amna Jabeen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anam Ahsan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, PR China
| | - Theodora Amanda Seidu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Perpetua Takunda Kutoka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
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13
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Kang DW, Hwang WC, Noh YN, Kang Y, Jang Y, Kim JA, Min DS. Phospholipase D1 is upregulated by vorinostat and confers resistance to vorinostat in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:549-560. [PMID: 32869317 PMCID: PMC7692931 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor and drug resistance remains a major barrier for therapeutics. Epigenetic alterations are implicated in GBM pathogenesis, and epigenetic modulators including histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are exploited as promising anticancer therapies. Here, we demonstrate that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is a transcriptional target of HDAC inhibitors and confers resistance to HDAC inhibitor in GBM. Treatment of vorinostat upregulates PLD1 through PKCζ‐Sp1 axis. Vorinostat induces dynamic changes in the chromatin structure and transcriptional machinery associated with PLD1 promoter region. Cotreatment of vorinostat with PLD1 inhibitor further attenuates invasion, angiogenesis, colony‐forming capacity, and self‐renewal capacity, compared with those of either treatment. PLD1 inhibitor overcomes resistance to vorinostat in GBM cells intracranial GBM tumors. Our finding provides new insight into the role of PLD1 as a target of resistance to vorinostat, and PLD1 inhibitor might provide the basis for therapeutic combinations with improved efficacy of HDAC inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yu Na Noh
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Biomedical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youra Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
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14
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Raza IJ, Tingate CA, Gkolia P, Romero L, Tee JW, Hunn MK. Blood Biomarkers of Glioma in Response Assessment Including Pseudoprogression and Other Treatment Effects: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1191. [PMID: 32923382 PMCID: PMC7456864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging-based monitoring of disease burden in glioma patients is frequently confounded by treatment effects. Circulating biomarkers could theoretically augment imaging-based response monitoring. This systematic review aimed to present and evaluate evidence for differential expression and diagnostic accuracy of circulating biomarkers with respect to outcomes of tumor response, progression, stable disease, and treatment effects (pseudoprogression, radionecrosis, pseudoresponse, and pseudolesions) in patients undergoing treatment for World Health Organization grades II-IV diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web Of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched until August 18, 2019, for observational or diagnostic studies on multiple circulating biomarker types: extracellular vesicles, circulating nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells, circulating proteins, and metabolites, angiogenesis related cells, immune cells, and other cell lines. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using an adapted Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool, and level of evidence (IA-IVD) for individual biomarkers was evaluated using an adapted framework from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines on evaluating tumor marker utility. Of 13,202 unique records, 58 studies met the inclusion criteria. One hundred thirty-three distinct biomarkers were identified in a total of 1,853 patients across various treatment modalities. Fifteen markers for response, progression, or stable disease and five markers for pseudoprogression or radionecrosis reached level IB. No biomarkers reached level IA. Only five studies contained data for diagnostic accuracy measures. Overall methodological quality of included studies was low. While extensive data on biomarker dysregulation in varying response categories were reported, no biomarkers ready for clinical application were identified. Further assay refinement and evaluation in larger cohorts with diagnostic accuracy study designs are required. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018110658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istafa J Raza
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell A Tingate
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Panagiota Gkolia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorena Romero
- The Ian Potter Library, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jin W Tee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin K Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Avallone A, Piccirillo MC, Di Gennaro E, Romano C, Calabrese F, Roca MS, Tatangelo F, Granata V, Cassata A, Cavalcanti E, Maurea N, Maiolino P, Silvestro L, De Stefano A, Giuliani F, Rosati G, Tamburini E, Aprea P, Vicario V, Nappi A, Vitagliano C, Casaretti R, Leone A, Petrillo A, Botti G, Delrio P, Izzo F, Perrone F, Budillon A. Randomized phase II study of valproic acid in combination with bevacizumab and oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens in patients with RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: the REVOLUTION study protocol. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920929589. [PMID: 32849914 PMCID: PMC7425244 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920929589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite effective treatments, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) prognosis is still poor, mostly in RAS-mutated tumors, thus suggesting the need for novel combinatorial therapies. Epigenetic alterations play an important role in initiation and progression of cancers, including CRC. Histone-deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown activity in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Owing to its HDACi activity and its safe use for epileptic disorders, valproic acid (VPA) is a good candidate for anticancer therapy that we have largely explored preclinically translating our findings in currently ongoing clinical studies. We have shown in CRC models that HDACi, including VPA, induces synergistic antitumor effects in combination with fluoropyrimidines. Furthermore, unpublished results from our group demonstrated that VPA induces differentiation and sensitization of CRC stem cells to oxaliplatin. Moreover, preclinical and clinical data suggest that HDACi may prevent/reverse anti-angiogenic resistance. Methods/Design A randomized, open-label, two-arm, multicenter phase-II study will be performed to explore whether the addition of VPA to first line bevacizumab/oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens (mFOLFOX-6/mOXXEL) might improve progression-free survival (PFS) in RAS-mutated mCRC patients. A sample size of 200 patients was calculated under the hypothesis that the addition of VPA to chemotherapy/bevacizumab can improve PFS from 9 to 12 months, with one-sided alpha of 0.20 and a power of 0.80. Secondary endpoints are overall survival, objective response rate, metastases resection rate, toxicity, and quality of life. Moreover, the study will explore several prognostic and predictive biomarkers on blood samples, primary tumors, and on resected metastases. Discussion The "Revolution" study aims to improve the treatment efficacy of RAS-mutated mCRC through an attractive strategy evaluating the combination of VPA with standard cancer treatment. Correlative studies could identify novel biomarkers and could add new insight in the mechanism of interaction between VPA, fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab. Trial Registration EudraCT: 2018-001414-15; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04310176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Filomena Calabrese
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Cassata
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Cardiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Silvestro
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Rosati
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Emiliano Tamburini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Cure Palliative, Azienda Ospedaliera Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase-Lecce, Italy
| | - Pasquale Aprea
- Vascular Access Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Vicario
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Nappi
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossana Casaretti
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Oncological Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Perrone
- Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, Napoli, 80131, Italy
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16
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Chen R, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Guo W, Yi M, Zhang Z, Ding Y, Wang Y. The application of histone deacetylases inhibitors in glioblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:138. [PMID: 32682428 PMCID: PMC7368699 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic abnormality is generally accepted as the key to cancer initiation. Epigenetics that ensure the somatic inheritance of differentiated state is defined as a crucial factor influencing malignant phenotype without altering genotype. Histone modification is one such alteration playing an essential role in tumor formation, progression, and resistance to treatment. Notably, changes in histone acetylation have been strongly linked to gene expression, cell cycle, and carcinogenesis. The balance of two types of enzyme, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), determines the stage of histone acetylation and then the architecture of chromatin. Changes in chromatin structure result in transcriptional dysregulation of genes that are involved in cell-cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, and so on. Recently, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are identified as novel agents to keep this balance, leading to numerous researches on it for more effective strategies against cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). This review elaborated influences on gene expression and tumorigenesis by acetylation and the antitumor mechanism of HDACis. Besdes, we outlined the preclinical and clinical advancement of HDACis in GBM as monotherapies and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengxian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yangmei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanpeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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17
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Jovčevska I. Next Generation Sequencing and Machine Learning Technologies Are Painting the Epigenetic Portrait of Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:798. [PMID: 32500035 PMCID: PMC7243123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with a rare occurrence of only 1.35% of cancer cases in the United States of America, brain tumors are considered as one of the most lethal malignancies. The most aggressive and invasive type of brain tumor, glioblastoma, accounts for 60–70% of all gliomas and presents with life expectancy of only 12–18 months. Despite trimodal treatment and advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there are no significant changes in patient outcome. Our understanding of glioblastoma was significantly improved with the introduction of next generation sequencing technologies. This led to the identification of different genetic and molecular subtypes, which greatly improve glioblastoma diagnosis. Still, because of the poor life expectancy, novel diagnostic, and treatment methods are broadly explored. Epigenetic modifications like methylation and changes in histone acetylation are such examples. Recently, in addition to genetic and molecular characteristics, epigenetic profiling of glioblastomas is also used for sample classification. Further advancement of next generation sequencing technologies is expected to identify in detail the epigenetic signature of glioblastoma that can open up new therapeutic opportunities for glioblastoma patients. This should be complemented with the use of computational power i.e., machine and deep learning algorithms for objective diagnostics and design of individualized therapies. Using a combination of phenotypic, genotypic, and epigenetic parameters in glioblastoma diagnostics will bring us closer to precision medicine where therapies will be tailored to suit the genetic profile and epigenetic signature of the tumor, which will grant longer life expectancy and better quality of life. Still, a number of obstacles including potential bias, availability of data for minorities in heterogeneous populations, data protection, and validation and independent testing of the learning algorithms have to be overcome on the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Menezes A, Dos Reis GH, Oliveira-Nunes MC, Mariath F, Cabanel M, Pontes B, Gonçalves Castro N, de Brito JM, Carneiro K. Live Cell Imaging Supports a Key Role for Histone Deacetylase as a Molecular Target during Glioblastoma Malignancy Downgrade through Tumor Competence Modulation. J Oncol 2019; 2019:9043675. [PMID: 31531023 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9043675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system, and the identification of the mechanisms underlying the biological basis of GBM aggressiveness is essential to develop new therapies. Due to the low prognosis of GBM treatment, different clinical studies are in course to test the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) in anticancer cocktails. Here, we seek to investigate the impact of HDAC activity on GBM cell behavior and plasticity by live cell imaging. We pharmacologically knock down HDAC activity using two different inhibitors (TSA and SAHA) in two different tumor cell types: a commercial GBM cell line (U87-MG) and primary tumor (GBM011). Upon 72 hours of in vitro iHDAC treatment, GBM cells presented a very unusual elongated cell shape due to tunneling tube formation and independent on TGF-β signaling epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Live cell imaging revealed that voltage-sensitive Ca++ signaling was disrupted upon HDAC activity blockade. This behavior was coupled to vimentin and connexin 43 gene expression downregulation, suggesting that HDAC activity blockade downgrades GBM aggressiveness mostly due to tumor cell competence and plasticity modulation in vitro. To test this hypothesis and access whether iHDACs would modulate tumor cell behavior and plasticity to properly respond to environmental cues in vivo, we xenografted GBM oncospheres in the chick developing the neural tube. Remarkably, upon 5 days in the developing neural tube, iHDAC-treated GBM cells ectopically expressed HNK-1, a tumor-suppressor marker tightly correlated to increased survivor of patients. These results describe, for the first time in the literature, the relevance of iHDACs for in vivo tumor cell morphology and competence to properly respond to environmental cues. Ultimately, our results highlight the relevance of chromatin remodeling for tumor cell plasticity and shed light on clinical perspectives aiming the epigenome as a relevant therapeutic target for GBM therapy.
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Ye T, Wei L, Shi J, Jiang K, Xu H, Hu L, Kong L, Zhang Y, Meng S, Piao H. Sirtuin1 activator SRT2183 suppresses glioma cell growth involving activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:706. [PMID: 31319814 PMCID: PMC6637499 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely deadly form of brain cancer with limited treatment options and thus novel therapeutic modalities are necessary. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have demonstrated clinical and preclinical activities against GBM. (Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog, Sirt1) abbreviated as Sirtuin 1, has been implicated in GBM. We explored the activity of the Sirt1 activator SRT2183 in glioma cell lines in terms of biological response. Methods The effects of SRT2183 on glioma cell growth and neurosphere survival were evaluated in vitro using the CCK-8, clonogenic and neurosphere assays, respectively. Glioma cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. SRT2183-induced autophagy was investigated by detection of GFP-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) puncta, conversion of the nonlipidated form of LC3 (LC3-I) to the phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form (LC3-II). Acetylation of STAT3 and NF-κB in SRT2183-treated glioma cells was examined using immunoprecipitation. The expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins were assayed by immunoblotting. Results SRT2183 suppressed glioma cell growth and destroyed neurospheres in vitro. Furthermore, SRT2183 induced glioma cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, accompanying by upregulation of the pro-apoptotic Bim and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Notably, ER stress was triggered in glioma cells upon exposure to SRT2183 while the pre-exposure to 4-PBA, an ER stress inhibitor, significantly antagonized SRT2183-mediated growth inhibition in glioma cells. In addition, SRT2183 induced autophagy in glioma cells and pharmacological modulation of autophagy appeared not to affect SRT2183-inhibited cell growth. Of interest, the acetylation and phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB and STAT3 in glioma cells were differentially affected by SRT2183. Conclusions Our data suggest the ER stress pathway is involved in SRT2183-mediated growth inhibition in glioma. Further investigation in vivo is needed to consolidate the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liwen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ji Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Huizhe Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lulu Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Songshu Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China.
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Lewitt MS, Boyd GW. The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System. Biochem Insights 2019; 12:1178626419842176. [PMID: 31024217 PMCID: PMC6472167 DOI: 10.1177/1178626419842176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active transport, and their regulation as endocrine factors therefore differs from other tissues. In brain, IGFs have paracrine and autocrine actions that are modulated by IGF-binding proteins and interact with other growth factor signalling pathways. The IGF system has roles in nervous system development and maintenance. There is substantial evidence for a specific role for this system in some neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotective actions make this system an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches. In developing new therapies, interaction with IGF-binding proteins and other growth factor signalling pathways should be considered. This evidence is reviewed, gaps in knowledge are highlighted, and recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Gary W Boyd
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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Wang L, Chan CEL, Wong ALA, Wong FC, Lim SW, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Lee LSU, Soo R, Yong WP, Lee SC, Ho PCL, Sethi G, Goh BC. Combined use of irinotecan with histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat could cause severe toxicity by inhibiting SN-38 glucuronidation via UGT1A1. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41572-41581. [PMID: 28157715 PMCID: PMC5522258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) such as belinostat, vorinostat and panobinostat, have all been shown to be deactivated by glucuronidation via UGTs. Since they all compete for UGTs for deactivation, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of various HDACis on the glucuronidation of SN-38. This inhibitory effect was determined by measuring the formation rate of SN-38 glucuronide after SN-38 incubation with human recombinant UGT1A isoforms (1A1, 1A6, 1A7 and 1A9) and pooled human liver microsomes (HLM, wild type, UGT1A1*1*28 and UGT1A1*28*28 allelic variants), with and without HDACis. The data showed that belinostat at 100 and 200 µmol/L inhibited SN-38 glucuronidation via UGT1A1 in a dose-dependent manner, causing significant decrease in Vmax and CLint (p < 0.05) from 12.60 to 1.95 pmol/min/mg and 21.59 to 4.20 μL/min/mg protein respectively. Similarly, in HLMs, Vmax dropped from 41.13 to 10.54, 24.96 to 3.77 and 6.23 to 3.30 pmol/min/mg, and CLint reduced from 81.25 to 26.11, 29.22 to 6.10 and 5.40 to 1.34 µL/min/mg protein for the respective wild type, heterozygous and homozygous variants. Interestingly, belinostat at 200 µmol/L that is roughly equivalent to the average Cmax, 183 µmol/L of belinostat at a dose of 1,400 mg/m2 given intravenously once per day on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks, was able to inhibit both heterozygous and homozygous variants to same extents (~64%). This highlights the potential clinical significance, as a large proportion of patients could be at risk of developing severe toxicity if irinotecan is co-administered with belinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chong En Linus Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Fang Cheng Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Woon Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ross Soo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
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Peters KB, Lipp ES, Miller E, Herndon JE, McSherry F, Desjardins A, Reardon DA, Friedman HS. Phase I/II trial of vorinostat, bevacizumab, and daily temozolomide for recurrent malignant gliomas. J Neurooncol 2017; 137:349-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults despite contemporary gold-standard first-line treatment strategies. This type of tumor recurs in virtually all patients and no commonly accepted standard treatment exists for the recurrent disease. Therefore, advances in all scientific and clinical aspects of GBM are urgently needed. Epigenetic mechanisms are one of the major factors contributing to the pathogenesis of cancers, including glioblastoma. Epigenetic modulators that regulate gene expression by altering the epigenome and non-histone proteins are being exploited as therapeutic drug targets. Over the last decade, numerous preclinical and clinical studies on histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown promising results in various cancers. This article provides an overview of the anticancer mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors and the role of HDAC isoforms in GBM. We also summarize current knowledge on HDAC inhibitors on the basis of preclinical studies and emerging clinical data.
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Jung DE, Park SB, Kim K, Kim C, Song SY. CG200745, an HDAC inhibitor, induces anti-tumour effects in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines via miRNAs targeting the Hippo pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10921. [PMID: 28883618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating malignancy with fatal complications that exhibits low response and resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we evaluated the anticancer effects of CG200745, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy drugs in cholangiocarcinoma cells. CG200745 dose-dependently reduced the viability of cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and decreased tumour volume and weight in a xenograft model. Administering CG200745 along with other chemotherapeutic agents including gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, oxaliplatin, or gemcitabine plus cisplatin further decreased cholangiocarcinoma cell viability, with a combination index < 1 that indicated synergistic action. CG200745 also enhanced the sensitivity of gemcitabine-resistant cells to gemcitabine and 5-FU, thereby decreasing cell viability and inducing apoptosis. This was accompanied by downregulation of YAP, TEAD4, TGF-β2, SMAD3, NOTCH3, HES5, Axl, and Gas6 and upregulation of the miRNAs miR-22-3p, miR-22-5p, miR-194-5p, miR-194-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-509-3p. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that CG200745 mainly targets the Hippo signalling pathway by inducing miR-509-3p expression. Thus, CG200745 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo, and acts synergistically when administered in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents, enabling dose reduction. CG200745 is therefore expected to improve the outcome of cholangiocarcinoma patients who exhibit resistance to conventional therapies.
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25
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Nandal S, Burt T. Integrating Pharmacoproteomics into Early-Phase Clinical Development: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Recommendations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E448. [PMID: 28218733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacoproteomics is the study of disease-modifying and toxicity parameters associated with therapeutic drug administration, using analysis of quantitative and temporal changes to specific, predetermined, and select proteins, or to the proteome as a whole. Pharmacoproteomics is a rapidly evolving field, with progress in analytic technologies enabling processing of complex interactions of large number of unique proteins and effective use in clinical trials. Nevertheless, our analysis of clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed shows that the application of proteomics in early-phase clinical development is minimal and limited to few therapeutic areas, with oncology predominating. We review the history, technologies, current usage, challenges, and potential for future use, and conclude with recommendations for integration of pharmacoproteomic in early-phase drug development.
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26
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Touat M, Duran-Peña A, Alentorn A, Lacroix L, Massard C, Idbaih A. Emerging circulating biomarkers in glioblastoma: promises and challenges. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 15:1311-23. [PMID: 26394701 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1087315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The past few years have seen major progress in our understanding of the molecular basis of GBM. These advances, which have contributed to the development of novel targeted therapies, will change the paradigms in GBM therapy from disease-based to individually tailored molecular target-based treatment. No validated circulating biomarkers have yet been integrated into clinical practice for GBM. There is thus a critical need to implement minimally invasive clinical tests enabling molecular stratification and prognosis assessment, as well as the prediction and monitoring of treatment response. After examination of data from recent studies exploring several categories of tumor-associated biomarkers (circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids and oncometabolites) identified in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine, this article discusses the challenges and prospects for the development of circulating biomarkers in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Touat
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,b 2 Département d'innovations thérapeutiques précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Alberto Duran-Peña
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Agusti Alentorn
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France.,d 4 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,e 5 Département de biologie médicale et de pathologie, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,f 6 Laboratoire de recherche translationnelle et centre de ressources biologiques, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,b 2 Département d'innovations thérapeutiques précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France.,d 4 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
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Senbabaoglu F, Cingoz A, Kaya E, Kazancioglu S, Lack NA, Acilan C, Bagci-Onder T. Identification of Mitoxantrone as a TRAIL-sensitizing agent for Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:546-57. [PMID: 27029345 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1167292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has tremendous promise in treating various forms of cancers. However, many cancer cells exhibit or develop resistance to TRAIL. Interestingly, many studies have identified several secondary agents that can overcome TRAIL resistance. To expand on these studies, we conducted an extensive drug-re-profiling screen to identify FDA-approved compounds that can be used clinically as TRAIL-sensitizing agents in a very malignant type of brain cancer, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Using selected isogenic GBM cell pairs with differential levels of TRAIL sensitivity, we revealed 26 TRAIL-sensitizing compounds, 13 of which were effective as single agents. Cardiac glycosides constituted a large group of TRAIL-sensitizing compounds, and they were also effective on GBM cells as single agents. We then explored a second class of TRAIL-sensitizing drugs, which were enhancers of TRAIL response without any effect on their own. One such drug, Mitoxantrone, a DNA-damaging agent, did not cause toxicity to non-malignant cells at the doses that synergized with TRAIL on tumor cells. We investigated the downstream changes in apoptosis pathway components upon Mitoxantrone treatment, and observed that Death Receptors (DR4 and DR5) expression was upregulated, and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression patterns were altered in favor of apoptosis. Together, our results suggest that combination of Mitoxantrone and TRAIL can be a promising therapeutic approach for GBM patients.
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Wang H, Xu T, Jiang Y, Xu H, Yan Y, Fu D, Chen J. The challenges and the promise of molecular targeted therapy in malignant gliomas. Neoplasia 2015; 17:239-55. [PMID: 25810009 PMCID: PMC4372648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors and one of the most challenging forms of cancers to treat. Despite advances in conventional treatment, the outcome for patients remains almost universally fatal. This poor prognosis is due to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal. However, over the past decade, molecular targeted therapy has held the promise of transforming the care of malignant glioma patients. Significant progress in understanding the molecular pathology of gliomagenesis and maintenance of the malignant phenotypes will open opportunities to rationally develop new molecular targeted therapy options. Recently, therapeutic strategies have focused on targeting pro-growth signaling mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, proangiogenic pathways, and several other vital intracellular signaling networks, such as proteasome and histone deacetylase. However, several factors such as cross-talk between the altered pathways, intratumoral molecular heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) have limited the activity of single agents. Efforts are ongoing to study in depth the complex molecular biology of glioma, develop novel regimens targeting GSCs, and identify biomarkers to stratify patients with the individualized molecular targeted therapy. Here, we review the molecular alterations relevant to the pathology of malignant glioma, review current advances in clinical targeted trials, and discuss the challenges, controversies, and future directions of molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Kwak TW, Kim DH, Jeong YI, Kang DH. Antitumor activity of vorinostat-incorporated nanoparticles against human cholangiocarcinoma cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:60. [PMID: 26410576 PMCID: PMC4583727 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study
is to evaluate the anticancer activity of vorinostat-incorporated nanoparticles (vorinostat-NPs) against HuCC-T1 human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Vorinostat-NPs were fabricated by a nanoprecipitation method using poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer. Results Vorinostat-NPs exhibited spherical shapes with sizes <100 nm. Vorinostat-NPs have anticancer activity similar to that of vorinostat in vitro. Vorinostat-NPs as well as vorinostat itself increased acetylation of histone-H3. Furthermore, vorinostat-NPs have similar effectiveness in the suppression or expression of histone deacetylase, mutant type p53, p21, and PARP/cleaved caspase-3. However, vorinostat-NPs showed improved antitumor activity against HuCC-T1 cancer cell-bearing mice compared to vorinostat, whereas empty nanoparticles had no effect on tumor growth. Furthermore, vorinostat-NPs increased the expression of acetylated histone H3 in tumor tissue and suppressed histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression in vivo. The improved antitumor activity of vorinostat-NPs can be explained by molecular imaging studies using near-infrared (NIR) dye-incorporated nanoparticles, i.e. NIR-dye-incorporated nanoparticles were intensively accumulated in the tumor region rather than normal one. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that vorinostat and vorinostat-NPs exert anticancer activity against HuCC-T1 cholangiocarcinoma cells by specific inhibition of HDAC expression. Thus, we suggest that vorinostat-NPs are a promising candidate for anticancer chemotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma.Local delivery strategy of vorinostat-NPs against cholangiocarcinomas. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Kwak
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-770, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Il Jeong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Hwan Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-770, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common form of brain tumor with a very dismal prognosis. While a standard treatment regimen of surgery followed by chemo/radiotherapy is currently used, this has only marginally improved the survival time of patients with little benefit on tumor recurrence. Although many molecular targets have already been identified and tested in clinical trials, very few are approved for use in clinics. Efforts are ongoing to target newer molecules that could be used for drug development. This review provides up-to-date information on the drugs and their molecular targets, which are currently in different stages of clinical trials. Since multiple signaling pathways are deregulated, it appears that the use of combination drugs along with personalized targeting approach would provide better therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mittal
- South Campus, Delhi University, Department of Genetics, New Delhi, India
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32
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Best MG, Sol N, Zijl S, Reijneveld JC, Wesseling P, Wurdinger T. Liquid biopsies in patients with diffuse glioma. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:849-65. [PMID: 25720744 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common malignant primary tumors of the central nervous system. Like other neoplasms, these gliomas release molecular information into the circulation. Tumor-derived biomarkers include proteins, nucleic acids, and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles that accumulate in plasma, serum, blood platelets, urine and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Recently, also circulating tumor cells have been identified in the blood of glioma patients. Circulating molecules, vesicles, platelets, and cells may be useful as easily accessible diagnostic, prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers to guide patient management. Thereby, this approach may help to circumvent problems related to tumor heterogeneity and sampling error at the time of diagnosis. Also, liquid biopsies may allow for serial monitoring of treatment responses and of changes in the molecular characteristics of gliomas over time. In this review, we summarize the literature on blood-based biomarkers and their potential value for improving the management of patients with a diffuse glioma. Incorporation of the study of circulating molecular biomarkers in clinical trials is essential for further assessment of the potential of liquid biopsies in this context.
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Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have fascinated researchers in almost all fields of oncology for many years owing to their pleiotropic effects on nearly every aspect of cancer biology. Since the approval of the first HDACi vorinostat for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell leukemia in 2006, more than a hundred clinical trials have been initiated with a HDACi as a single agent or in combination therapy. Although a number of epigenetic and nonepigenetic molecular mechanisms of action have been proposed, biomarkers for response prediction and patient selection are still lacking. One of the inherent problems in the field of HDACis is their 'reverse' history of drug development: these compounds reached clinical application at an early stage, before the biology of their targets, HDAC1-11, was sufficiently understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the human family of HDACs as drug targets in pediatric and adult brain tumors, the efficacy and molecular action of HDACis in preclinical models, as well as the current status of the clinical development of these compounds in the field of neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ecker
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology (G340), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Despite decades of advancing science and clinical trials, average survival remains dismal for individuals with high-grade gliomas. Our understanding of the genetic and molecular aberrations that contribute to the aggressive nature of these tumors is continually growing, as is our ability to target such specific traits. Herein, we review the major classes of such targeted therapies, as well as the relevant clinical trial outcomes regarding their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Jordan
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Abstract
The survival outcome of patients with malignant gliomas is still poor, despite advances in surgical techniques, radiation therapy and the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. The heterogeneity of molecular alterations in signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors contributes significantly to their resistance to treatment. Several molecular targets for therapy have been discovered over the last several years. Therapeutic agents targeting these signaling pathways may provide more effective treatments and may improve survival. This review summarizes the important molecular therapeutic targets and the outcome of published clinical trials involving targeted therapeutic agents in glioma patients.
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Kros JM, Mustafa DM, Dekker LJM, Sillevis Smitt PAE, Luider TM, Zheng PP. Circulating glioma biomarkers. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:343-60. [PMID: 25253418 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Validated biomarkers for patients suffering from gliomas are urgently needed for standardizing measurements of the effects of treatment in daily clinical practice and trials. Circulating body fluids offer easily accessible sources for such markers. This review highlights various categories of tumor-associated circulating biomarkers identified in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of glioma patients, including circulating tumor cells, exosomes, nucleic acids, proteins, and oncometabolites. The validation and potential clinical utility of these biomarkers is briefly discussed. Although many candidate circulating protein biomarkers were reported, none of these have reached the required validation to be introduced for clinical practice. Recent developments in tracing circulating tumor cells and their derivatives as exosomes and circulating nuclear acids may become more successful in providing useful biomarkers. It is to be expected that current technical developments will contribute to the finding and validation of circulating biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Dana M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Lennard J M Dekker
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Peter A E Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
| | - Ping-Pin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., P.-P.Z.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L.); Brain Tumor Center Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.M.K., D.M.M., L.J.M.D., P.A.E.S.S., T.M.L., P.-P.Z.)
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Foster KA, Jane EP, Premkumar DR, Morales A, Pollack IF. Co-administration of ABT-737 and SAHA induces apoptosis, mediated by Noxa upregulation, Bax activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in PTEN-intact malignant human glioma cell lines. J Neurooncol 2014; 120:459-72. [PMID: 25139025 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed that glioma cells are differentially sensitive to ABT-737 and, when used as a single-agent, this drug failed to induce apoptosis. Identification of therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 in human glioma is of interest. Histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACI) are currently being assessed clinically in patients with glioma, as regulation of epigenetic abnormalities is expected to produce pro-apoptotic effects. We hypothesized that co-treatment of glioma with a BH3-mimetic and HDACI may induce cellular death. We assessed the combination of ABT-737 and HDACI SAHA in established and primary cultured glioma cells. We found combination treatment led to significant cellular death when compared to either drug as single agent and demonstrated activation of the caspase cascade. This enhanced apoptosis also appears dependent upon the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c and AIF into the cytosol. The upregulation of Noxa, truncation of Bid, and activation of Bax caused by this combination were important factors for cell death and the increased levels of Noxa functioned to sequester Mcl-1. This combination was less effective in PTEN-deficient glioma cells. Both genetic and pharmacologic inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway sensitized PTEN-deleted glioma cells to the combination. This study demonstrates that antagonizing apoptosis-resistance pathways, such as targeting the Bcl-2 family in combination with epigenetic modifiers, may induce cell death. These findings extend our previous observations that targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway may be additionally necessary to promote apoptosis in cancers lacking PTEN functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA,
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Consequently, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Tumor response to cytotoxic chemotherapy is heterogeneous across patients. Interestingly, predictive biomarkers of response to these classic chemotherapeutic agents have been identified in neuro-oncology (i.e., 1p/19q co-deletion, IDH mutation and O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase promoter methylation). The most emblematic biomarker in glioblastoma is O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase promoter methylation that predicts response to temozolomide. In parallel, innovative drugs are emerging. Some of these agents have shown some activity but in a limited number of glioblastoma patients. One of the major challenges is to identify molecular predictors of response to these smart drugs for an efficient personalized medicine. These novel agents have been tested in clinical trials enrolling glioblastoma patients. Although none of them has been validated prospectively in Phase III clinical trials, interesting molecular predictors of response to these drugs have been investigated and are presented in this review, which also reports more advanced biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Tabouret
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Barazzuol L, Jeynes JCG, Merchant MJ, Wéra AC, Barry MA, Kirkby KJ, Suzuki M. Radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells using a histone deacetylase inhibitor (SAHA) comparing carbon ions with X-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:90-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.946111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Bezecny P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in glioblastoma: pre-clinical and clinical experience. Med Oncol 2014; 31:985. [PMID: 24838514 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly recognized as a major factor contributing to pathogenesis of cancer including glioblastoma, the most common and most malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Enzymatic modifications of histone proteins regulating gene expression are being exploited for therapeutic drug targeting. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown promising results with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in various malignancies. This article provides a brief overview of mechanism of anti-cancer effect and pharmacology of HDAC inhibitors and summarizes results from pre-clinical and clinical studies in glioblastoma. It analyses experience with HDAC inhibitors as single agents as well as in combination with targeted agents, cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Hallmark features of glioblastoma, such as uncontrolled cellular proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis, have been shown to be targeted by HDAC inhibitors in experiments with glioblastoma cell lines. Vorinostat is the most advanced HDAC inhibitor that entered clinical trials in glioblastoma, showing activity in recurrent disease. Multiple phase II trials with vorinostat in combination with targeted agents, temozolomide and radiotherapy are currently recruiting. While the results from pre-clinical studies are encouraging, early clinical trials showed only modest benefit and the value of HDAC inhibitors for clinical practice will need to be confirmed in larger prospective trials. Further research in epigenetic mechanisms driving glioblastoma pathogenesis and identification of molecular subtypes of glioblastoma is needed. This will hopefully lead to better selection of patients who will benefit from treatment with HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bezecny
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK,
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Olson JJ, Nayak L, Ormond DR, Wen PY, Kalkanis SN, Ryken TC. The role of targeted therapies in the management of progressive glioblastoma: A systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:557-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Shi W, Lawrence YR, Choy H, Werner-Wasik M, Andrews DW, Evans JJ, Judy KD, Farrell CJ, Moshel Y, Berger AC. Vorinostat as a radiosensitizer for brain metastasis: a phase I clinical trial. J Neurooncol. 2014;118:313-319. [PMID: 24728831 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Perform a phase I study to evaluate the safety, and tolerability of vorinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, when combined with whole brain radiation treatment (WBRT) in patients with brain metastasis. A multi-institutional phase I clinical trial enrolled patients with a histological diagnosis of malignancy and radiographic evidence of brain metastasis. WBRT was 37.5 Gy in 2.5 Gy fractions delivered over 3 weeks. Vorinostat was administrated by mouth, once daily, Monday through Friday, concurrently with radiation treatment. The vorinostat dose was escalated from 200 to 400 mg daily using a 3+3 trial design. Seventeen patients were enrolled, 4 patients were excluded from the analysis due to either incorrect radiation dose (n = 1), or early treatment termination due to disease progression (n = 3). There were no treatment related grade 3 or higher toxicities in the 200 and 300 mg dose levels. In the 400 mg cohort there was a grade 3 pulmonary embolus and one death within 30 days of treatment. Both events were most likely related to disease progression rather than treatment; nonetheless, we conservatively classified the death as a dose limiting toxicity. We found Vorinostat administered with concurrent WBRT to be well tolerated to a dose of 300 mg once daily. This is the recommended dose for phase II study.
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Ree AH, Saelen MG, Kalanxhi E, Østensen IHG, Schee K, Røe K, Abrahamsen TW, Dueland S, Flatmark K. Biomarkers of histone deacetylase inhibitor activity in a phase 1 combined-modality study with radiotherapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89750. [PMID: 24587009 PMCID: PMC3934935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the demonstration that histone deacetylase inhibitors enhanced experimental radiation-induced clonogenic suppression, the Pelvic Radiation and Vorinostat (PRAVO) phase 1 study, combining fractionated radiotherapy with daily vorinostat for pelvic carcinoma, was designed to evaluate both clinical and novel biomarker endpoints, the latter relating to pharmacodynamic indicators of vorinostat action in clinical radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Potential biomarkers of vorinostat radiosensitizing action, not simultaneously manifesting molecular perturbations elicited by the radiation itself, were explored by gene expression array analysis of study patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), sampled at baseline (T0) and on-treatment two and 24 hours (T2 and T24) after the patients had received vorinostat. RESULTS This strategy revealed 1,600 array probes that were common for the comparisons T2 versus T0 and T24 versus T2 across all of the patients, and furthermore, that no significantly differential expression was observed between the T0 and T24 groups. Functional annotation analysis of the array data showed that a significant number of identified genes were implicated in gene regulation, the cell cycle, and chromatin biology. Gene expression was validated both in patients' PBMC and in vorinostat-treated human carcinoma xenograft models, and transient repression of MYC was consistently observed. CONCLUSION Within the design of the PRAVO study, all of the identified genes showed rapid and transient induction or repression and therefore, in principle, fulfilled the requirement of being pharmacodynamic biomarkers of vorinostat action in fractionated radiotherapy, possibly underscoring the role of MYC in this therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Grøn Saelen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital – Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erta Kalanxhi
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ingrid H. G. Østensen
- Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Schee
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital – Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine Røe
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torveig Weum Abrahamsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital – Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital – Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital – Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital – Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Hervouet E, Staehlin O, Pouliquen D, Debien E, Cartron PF, Menanteau J, Vallette FM, Olivier C. Antioxidants delay clinical signs and systemic effects of ENU induced brain tumors in rats. Nutr Cancer 2014; 65:686-94. [PMID: 23859036 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.789541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
According to our previous study suggesting that antioxidant properties of phytochemicals in the diet decrease glioma aggressiveness, we used a SUVIMAX-like diet ("Supplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants") (enriched with alpha-tocopherol, beta carotene, vitamin C, zinc, and sodium selenite), adapted to rats. The present results showed that each of the antioxidants inhibited growth of glioma cells in vitro. When used in combination for in vivo studies, we showed a highly significant delay in the clinical signs of the disease, but not a statistical significant difference in the incidence of glioma in an Ethyl-nitrosourea (ENU)-model. The SUVIMAX-like diet decreased candidate markers of tumoral aggressiveness and gliomagenesis progression. The mRNA expressions of 2 common markers in human glioma: Mn-SOD (Manganese Superoxide Dismutase) and IGFBP5 (insulin growth factor binding protein) were reduced in the tumors of rats fed the antioxidant diet. In addition, the transcripts of two markers linked to brain tumor proliferation, PDGFRb (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta) and Ki-67, were also significantly decreased. On the whole, our results suggest a protective role for antioxidants to limit aggressiveness and to some extent, progression of gliomas, in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hervouet
- UMR INSERM 892-CNRS 6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
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Kast RE, Boockvar JA, Brüning A, Cappello F, Chang WW, Cvek B, Dou QP, Duenas-Gonzalez A, Efferth T, Focosi D, Ghaffari SH, Karpel-Massler G, Ketola K, Khoshnevisan A, Keizman D, Magné N, Marosi C, McDonald K, Muñoz M, Paranjpe A, Pourgholami MH, Sardi I, Sella A, Srivenugopal KS, Tuccori M, Wang W, Wirtz CR, Halatsch ME. A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the International Initiative for Accelerated Improvement of Glioblastoma Care. Oncotarget 2013; 4:502-30. [PMID: 23594434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma we developed a treatment protocol based on a combination of drugs not traditionally thought of as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents but that have a robust history of being well-tolerated and are already marketed and used for other non-cancer indications. Focus was on adding drugs which met these criteria: a) were pharmacologically well characterized, b) had low likelihood of adding to patient side effect burden, c) had evidence for interfering with a recognized, well-characterized growth promoting element of glioblastoma, and d) were coordinated, as an ensemble had reasonable likelihood of concerted activity against key biological features of glioblastoma growth. We found nine drugs meeting these criteria and propose adding them to continuous low dose temozolomide, a currently accepted treatment for relapsed glioblastoma, in patients with recurrent disease after primary treatment with the Stupp Protocol. The nine adjuvant drug regimen, Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths, CUSP9, then are aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, copper gluconate, disulfiram, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, sertraline, to be added to continuous low dose temozolomide. We discuss each drug in turn and the specific rationale for use- how each drug is expected to retard glioblastoma growth and undermine glioblastoma's compensatory mechanisms engaged during temozolomide treatment. The risks of pharmacological interactions and why we believe this drug mix will increase both quality of life and overall survival are reviewed.
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Grassadonia A, Cioffi P, Simiele F, Iezzi L, Zilli M, Natoli C. Role of Hydroxamate-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (Hb-HDACIs) in the Treatment of Solid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:919-42. [PMID: 24202327 PMCID: PMC3795372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase inhibitors (Hb-HDACIs), such as vorinostat, belinostat and panobinostat, have been previously shown to have a wide range of activity in hematologic malignancies such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Recent data show that they synergize with a variety of cytotoxic and molecular targeted agents in many different solid tumors, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, lung and ovarian cancer. Hb-HDACIs have a quite good toxicity profile and are now being tested in phase I and II clinical trials in solid tumors with promising results in selected neoplasms, such as hepatocarcinoma. This review will focus on their clinical activity and safety in patients with advanced solid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Grassadonia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University ’G. d’Annunzio’, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Pasquale Cioffi
- Hospital Pharmacy, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (P.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Felice Simiele
- Hospital Pharmacy, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (P.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Laura Iezzi
- Oncology Department, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (L.I.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marinella Zilli
- Oncology Department, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mails: (L.I.); (M.Z.)
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University ’G. d’Annunzio’, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0871-355-6708; Fax: +39-0871-355-6732
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Hamed HA, Yacoub A, Park MA, Archer K, Das SK, Sarkar D, Grant S, Fisher PB, Dent P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors interact with melanoma differentiation associated-7/interleukin-24 to kill primary human glioblastoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:171-81. [PMID: 23661648 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.086553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We presently demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) enhance toxicity of melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin 24 (mda-7/IL-24) in invasive primary human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. Additionally, a method is described to augment the efficacy of adenoviral delivery of mda-7/IL-24 in these cells. HDACIs synergized with melanoma differentiation-associated (MDA)-7/IL-24 killing GBM cells. Enhanced lethality correlated with increased autophagy that was dependent on the expression of ceramide synthase 6. HDACIs interacted with MDA-7/IL-24 prolonging generation of reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+). Quenching of reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+) blocked HDACI and MDA-7/IL-24 killing. In vivo MDA-7/IL-24 prolonged the survival of animals carrying orthotopic tumors, and HDACIs enhanced survival further. A serotype 5/3 adenovirus more effectively delivers mda-7/IL-24 to GBM tumors than a serotype 5 virus. Hence, we constructed a serotype 5/3 adenovirus that conditionally replicates in tumor cells expressing MDA-7/IL-24, in which the adenoviral early region 1A (E1A) gene was driven by the cancer-specific promoter progression elevated gene-3 [Ad.5/3 (INGN 241)-PEG-E1A-mda-7; also called Ad.5/3-CTV (cancer terminator virus)]. Ad.5/3-CTV increased the survival of mice carrying GBM tumors to a significantly greater extent than did a nonreplicative virus Ad.5/3-mda-7. Ad.5/3-CTV exhibited no toxicity in the brains of Syrian hamsters. Collectively our data demonstrate that HDACIs enhance MDA-7/IL-24 lethality, and adenoviral delivery of mda-7/IL-24 combined with tumor-specific viral replication is an effective preclinical GBM therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein A Hamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of anticancer agents. HDAC inhibitors induce acetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins which are involved in regulation of gene expression and in various cellular pathways including cell growth arrest, differentiation, DNA damage and repair, redox signaling, and apoptosis (Marks, 2010). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved two HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat and romidepsin, for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Duvic & Vu, 2007; Grant et al., 2010; Marks & Breslow, 2007). Over 20 chemically different HDAC inhibitors are in clinical trials for hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This review considers the mechanisms of resistance to HDAC inhibitors that have been identified which account for the selective effects of these agents in inducing cancer but not normal cell death. These mechanisms, such as functioning Chk1, high levels of thioredoxin, or the prosurvival BCL-2, may also contribute to resistance of cancer cells to HDAC inhibitors.
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