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Zhou Q, Li Z, Xi Y. EV-mediated intercellular communication in acute myeloid leukemia: Transport of genetic materials in the bone marrow microenvironment. Exp Hematol 2024; 133:104175. [PMID: 38311165 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematological cancer. Cancer cells exchange information with the surrounding microenvironment, which can be transmitted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In recent years, the genetic materials transported by EVs have attracted attention due to their important roles in different pathological processes. EV-derived ncRNAs (EV-ncRNAs) regulate physiological functions and maintain homeostasis, mainly including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. However, the mechanism of involvement and potential clinical application of EV-ncRNAs in AML have not been reported. Given the unique importance of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) for AML, a greater understanding of the communication between leukemic cells and the BMME is needed to improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the incidence of recurrence. Additionally, studies on leukemic EV-ncRNA transport guide the design of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for AML. This review systematically describes intercellular communication in the BMME of AML and emphasizes the role of EVs. More importantly, we focus on the information transmission of EV-ncRNAs in the BMME to explore their clinical application as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/genetics
- Cell Communication
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Animals
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zijian Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaming Xi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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2
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Salehi A. A novel therapeutic strategy: the significance of exosomal miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Med Oncol 2024; 41:62. [PMID: 38253748 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing blood cancer that interferes with the normal growth of blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by its unpredictable outlook and high death rate. The main treatment for AML is chemotherapy, but this often results in drug resistance and the possibility of the disease returning. For this reason, new biomarkers are necessary to diagnose, predict, and treat this disease. Research has demonstrated that cells responsible for AML release exosomes that interact with the disease's microenvironment. These exosomes have significant roles in promoting leukemia growth, suppressing normal hematopoiesis, facilitating angiogenesis, and contributing to drug resistance in AML. Further investigations have shown that these exosomes contain miRNAs, which are transferred to target cells and have functional roles. Biomarkers are utilized to assess various aspects of tumor cell behavior, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, changes in the microenvironment, transfer of drug resistance, and stability in serum and blood plasma. In this research, we showed that exosomal miRNAs and exosomes have the potential to be used as indicators for detecting various phases of AML and can aid in its medical treatment. Furthermore, they can be specifically targeted for therapeutic purposes in addressing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salehi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of New Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Song Y, Song Q, Hu D, Sun B, Gao M, Liang X, Qu B, Suo L, Yin Z, Wang L. The potential applications of artificially modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in tumor therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1299384. [PMID: 38250549 PMCID: PMC10798044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1299384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tumor-homing ability and play critical roles in tumor treatment, but their dual influences on tumor progression limit their therapeutic applications. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) exhibit great potential in targeted tumor treatment due to their advantages of high stability, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, long circulation time and homing characteristics. Furthermore, the artificial modification of MSC-exosomes could amplify their advantages and their inhibitory effect on tumors and could overcome the limit of tumor-promoting effect. In this review, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving artificially modified MSC-exosomes in tumor treatment, including employing these exosomes as nanomaterials to carry noncoding RNAs or their inhibitors and anticancer drugs, and genetic engineering modification of MSC-exosomes. We also discuss the feasibility of utilizing artificially modified MSC-exosomes as an emerging cell-free method for tumor treatment and related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanlin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daosheng Hu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binwen Sun
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangnan Liang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boxin Qu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lida Suo
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeli Yin
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Van Morckhoven D, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies: EV-dence for reshaping the tumoral microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265969. [PMID: 37822925 PMCID: PMC10562589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following their discovery at the end of the 20th century, extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50-1,000 nm have proven to be paramount in the progression of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that include small EVs (commonly called exosomes) and large EVs (microparticles). They have been demonstrated to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes by allowing exchange of biological material (including among others proteins, DNA and RNA) between cells. They are therefore a crucial way of intercellular communication. In this context, malignant cells can release these extracellular vesicles that can influence their microenvironment, induce the formation of a tumorigenic niche, and prepare and establish distant niches facilitating metastasis by significantly impacting the phenotypes of surrounding cells and turning them toward supportive roles. In addition, EVs are also able to manipulate the immune response and to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This in turn allows for ideal conditions for heightened chemoresistance and increased disease burden. Here, we review the latest findings and reports studying the effects and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in various hematological malignancies. The study of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy; however, rapid advances in the analysis of these vesicles in the context of disease allow us to envision prospects to improve the detection and treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Morckhoven
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Liu C, Liu X, Li H, Kang Z. Advances in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism by exosomal ncRNAs and their role in related metabolic diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173904. [PMID: 37791070 PMCID: PMC10543472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released following the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the cell membrane. Exosomes transport diverse molecules, including proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA, and regulate distant intercellular communication. Noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) carried by exosomes regulate cell-cell communication in tissues, including adipose tissue. This review summarizes the action mechanisms of ncRNAs carried by exosomes on adipocyte differentiation and modulation of adipogenesis by exosomal ncRNAs. This study aims to provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xilin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhichen Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Khani-Eshratabadi M, Mousavi SH, Zarrabi M, Motallebzadeh Khanmiri J, Zeinali Bardar Z. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles Could Induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:247-56. [PMID: 37873637 PMCID: PMC10707811 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Microvesicles (MV) have been identified as candidate biomarkers for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study investigated the effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC)-derived MVs on apoptosis and autophagy in the KG-1 leukemic cell line. Methods The hUCMSCs were cultured and characterized by flow cytometry. MVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and the concentration was determined using the Bradford method. The characteristics of MVs were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and dynamic light scattering methods. KG-1 cells were treated with the desired concentrations of MVs for 24 h. The apoptosis induction and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated using flow cytometry. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes expression. Results Following tretment of KG-1 cells with 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml concentrations of MVs, the apoptosis rates were 47.85%, 47.15%, and 51.35% (p < 0.0001), and the autophagy-induced ROS levels were 73.9% (p < 0.0002), 84.8% (p < 0.0001), and 85.4% (p < 0.0001), respectively. BAX and ATG7 gene expression increased significantly at all concentrations compared to the control, and this level was higher at 50 μg/ml than that of the other concentrations. In addition, LC3 and Beclin 1 expression increased significantly in a concentration-dependen manner. Conversely, BCL2 expression decreased compared to the control. Conclusion Our findings indicate that hUCMSC-MVs could induce cell death pathways of autophagy and apoptosis in the KG-1 cell lines and exert potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on KG-1 cells in vitro. Therefore, hUCMSC-MVs may be a potential approach for cancer therapy as a novel cell-to-cell communication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khani-Eshratabadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Kashmar School of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Motallebzadeh Khanmiri
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zeinali Bardar
- Kashmar School of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Liu X, Ren F, Li S, Zhang N, Pu JJ, Zhang H, Xu Z, Tan Y, Chen X, Chang J, Wang H. Acute myeloid leukemia cells and MSC-derived exosomes inhibiting transformation in myelodysplastic syndrome. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:115. [PMID: 37382733 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the mechanism of exosomes' role in the transformation of MDS to AML. METHODS Exosomes in culture supernatants of MDS and AML cell lines, were extracted by ultrafiltration and identified in three ways: morphology, size, and exosome protein surface markers. Exosomes from AML cell lines were then co-cultured with MDS cell lines and their impacts on MDS cell microenvironment, proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Furthermore, exosomes from MSC were extracted for further authentication. RESULTS The transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blotting, and flow cytometry methods all verify that ultrafiltration is a reliable method to extract exosomes in the culture medium. Exosomes from AML cell lines inhibit the proliferation of MDS cell lines, block cell cycle progression, and promote apoptosis and cell differentiation. It also leads to increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MDS cell lines. In addition, MSC-derived exosomes were found to inhibit the proliferation of MDS cell lines, arrest cell cycle progression, promote apoptosis, and inhibit differentiation. CONCLUSION Ultrafiltration is a proper methodology in extracting exosomes. The exosomes of AML origin and MSC origin may play a role in MDS leukemia transformation via targeting TNF-α/ROS-Caspase3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanggang Ren
- Laboratory of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases of Shanxi Province, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jeffrey J Pu
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Laboratory of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases of Shanxi Province, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Tan
- Laboratory of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases of Shanxi Province, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- Laboratory of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases of Shanxi Province, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Chang
- Laboratory of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases of Shanxi Province, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases of Shanxi Province, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao X, Xu M, Hu X, Ding X, Zhang X, Xu L, Li L, Sun X, Song J. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem overexpressing microRNA-124-3p inhibit DLBCL progression by downregulating the NFATc1/cMYC pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:148. [PMID: 37248542 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes play important roles in intercellular communication by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs) that mediate tumor initiation and development, including those in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To date, however, limited studies on the inhibitory effect of exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on DLBCL progression have been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of hBMSC exosomes carrying microRNA-124-3p in the development of DLBCL. METHODS Microarray-based expression analysis was adopted to identify differentially expressed genes and regulatory miRNAs, which revealed the candidate NFATc1. Next, the binding affinity between miR-124-3p and NFATc1 was detected by luciferase activity assays. The mechanism underlying NFATc1 regulation was investigated using lentiviral transfections. Subsequently, DLBCL cells were cocultured with exosomes derived from hBMSCs transfected with a miR-124-3p mimic or control. Proliferation and apoptosis were measured in vitro. Finally, the effects of hBMSC-miR-124-3p on tumor growth were investigated in vivo. RESULTS MiR-124-3p was expressed at low levels, while NFATc1 was highly expressed in DLBCL cells. MiR-124-3p specifically targeted and negatively regulated the expression of NFATc1 in DLBCL cells, upregulated miR-124-3p-inhibited DLBCL cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. The miR-124-3p derived from hBMSCs inhibits tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro via downregulation of the NFATc1/cMYC pathway. CONCLUSION Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell overexpressing microRNA-124-3p represses the development of DLBCL through the downregulation of NFATc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Dalian Dermatosis Hospital, Dalian, 116021, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Xu
- Rheumatology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liye Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jincheng Song
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Isaioglou I, Aldehaiman MM, Li Y, Lahcen AA, Rauf S, Al-Amoodi AS, Habiba U, Alghamdi A, Nozue S, Habuchi S, Salama KN, Merzaban JS. CD34 + HSPCs-derived exosomes contain dynamic cargo and promote their migration through functional binding with the homing receptor E-selectin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1149912. [PMID: 37181754 PMCID: PMC10166801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1149912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are tiny vesicles released by cells that carry communications to local and distant locations. Emerging research has revealed the role played by integrins found on the surface of exosomes in delivering information once they reach their destination. But until now, little has been known on the initial upstream steps of the migration process. Using biochemical and imaging approaches, we show here that exosomes isolated from both leukemic and healthy hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells can navigate their way from the cell of origin due to the presence of sialyl Lewis X modifications surface glycoproteins. This, in turn, allows binding to E-selectin at distant sites so the exosomes can deliver their messages. We show that when leukemic exosomes were injected into NSG mice, they traveled to the spleen and spine, sites typical of leukemic cell engraftment. This process, however, was inhibited in mice pre-treated with blocking E-selectin antibodies. Significantly, our proteomic analysis found that among the proteins contained within exosomes are signaling proteins, suggesting that exosomes are trying to deliver active cues to recipient cells that potentially alter their physiology. Intriguingly, the work outlined here also suggests that protein cargo can dynamically change upon exosome binding to receptors such as E-selectin, which thereby could alter the impact it has to regulate the physiology of the recipient cells. Furthermore, as an example of how miRNAs contained in exosomes can influence RNA expression in recipient cells, our analysis showed that miRNAs found in KG1a-derived exosomes target tumor suppressing proteins such as PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Isaioglou
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour M. Aldehaiman
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif Ait Lahcen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakandar Rauf
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma S. Al-Amoodi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Habiba
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghamdi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuho Nozue
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N. Salama
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Li Q, Wang M, Liu L. The role of exosomes in the stemness maintenance and progression of acute myeloid leukemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115539. [PMID: 37024061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy of myeloid hematopoietic cells, which is characterized by the aberrant clonal proliferation of immature myeloblasts and compromised hematopoiesis. The leukemic cell population is strongly heterogeneous. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are an important leukemic cell subset with stemness characteristics and self-renewal ability, which contribute to the development of refractory or relapsed AML. It is now acknowledged that LSCs develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or phenotypically directed cell populations with transcriptional stemness characteristics under selective pressure from the bone marrow (BM) niche. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing bioactive substances involved in intercellular communication and material exchange under steady state and pathological conditions. Several studies have reported that exosomes mediate molecular crosstalk between LSCs, leukemic blasts, and stromal cells in the BM niche, promoting LSC maintenance and AML progression. This review briefly describes the process of LSC transformation and the biogenesis of exosomes, highlighting the role of leukemic-cell- and BM-niche-derived exosomes in the maintenance of LSCs and AML progression. In addition, we discuss the potential application of exosomes in the clinic as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and carriers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lingbo Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Guo Z, Sun L, Xia H, Tian S, Liu M, Hou J, Li J, Lin H, Du G. Shikonin as a WT1 Inhibitor Promotes Promyeloid Leukemia Cell Differentiation. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36500358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to observe the differentiating effect of shikonin on Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)-positive HL-60 cells and investigate the fate of the differentiated leukemia cells. WT1 overexpression unaffected cell viability but promoted resistance to H2O2-induced DNA injury and cell apoptosis. The binding of shikonin to the WT1 protein was confirmed by molecular docking and drug affinity reaction target stability (DARTS). Shikonin at the non-cytotoxic concentration could decrease the WT1 protein and simultaneously reduced the CD34 protein and increased the CD11b protein in a dose-dependent manner in normal HL-60 cells but not in WT1-overexpressed HL-60 cells. Shikonin unaffected HL-60 cell viability in 48 h. However, it lasted for 10 days; could attenuate cell proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and self-renewal; prevent the cell cycle; promote cell apoptosis. In a mouse leukemia model, shikonin could decrease the WT1 protein to prevent leukemia development in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we also confirmed preliminarily the protein-protein interactions between WT1 and CD34 in molecular docking and CO-IP assay. Our results suggest that: 1. shikonin can down-regulate the WT1 protein level for leukemia differentiation therapy, and 2. the interaction between WT1 and CD34 proteins may be responsible for granulocyte/monocyte immaturity in HL-60 cells.
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Zhou L, Shan Z, Fan J. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells Inhibit Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Growth by Inhibiting MAPK Pathway via the miR-29b-3p/GDF15 Axis. Acta Haematol 2022; 146:504-516. [PMID: 36327876 DOI: 10.1159/000527456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common hematologic neoplastic disease. This study discussed the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on ALL cells and the mechanism. METHODS BMSCs-EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation and identified. The effect of BMSCs-EVs on ALL cell proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated. The expression of miR-29b-3p in ALL cells and EVs was detected. The uptake of EVs by ALL cells was observed. The effect of miR-29b-3p on ALL cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed after silencing miR-29b-3p. The targeting relation of miR-29b-3p and GDF15 was analyzed by bioinformatics website and dual-luciferase assay. The role of GDF15 in proliferation and apoptosis of ALL cells was further confirmed, and Western blot assay was performed to measure MAPK pathway-related protein levels. RESULTS BMSC-derived EVs inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of ALL cells, as shown by the up-regulation of caspase-3 and Bax expressions and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. EVs carried miR-29b-3p into ALL cells, upregulated miR-29b-3p expression in ALL cells, and inhibited GDF15 expression. Silencing of miR-29b-3p or overexpression of GDF15 partially reversed the effect of EVs. EVs inhibited the MAPK pathway through the miR-29b-3p/GDF15 axis. CONCLUSION BMSCs-EVs carried miR-29b-3p into ALL cells, upregulated miR-29b-3p, and inhibited GDF15 to suppress the MAPK pathway and further inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Hematopathology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shan
- Department of Hematopathology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiangsha Fan
- Department of Hematopathology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Li X, Ren J, Chen L, Chen J, Cao Y. Exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decrease chemosensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells via delivering miR-10a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:149-156. [PMID: 35863089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are an integral part of the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bone marrow microenvironment and contribute to AML progression. In this study, we explored the communication between BMSCs and AML cells via exosomes. The AML cells co-cultured with BMSCs-Exos were found to have lower chemosensitivity exposed to cytarabine, suggesting that BMSCs-Exos could protect AML cells from cytarabine. Interestingly, miR-10a was elevated in BMSCs-Exos derived from AML (AML-BMSCs-Exos) compared with that from healthy donor. The expression levels of miR-10a in AML cells was significantly up-regulated after co-culture with BMSCs-Exos. Furthermore, the up-regulated miR-10a was an crucial factor contributing to the chemoresistance of leukemia cells. Down-regulation of miR-10a substantially increase chemosensitivity of AML cells treated with BMSCs-Exos. Chemosensitivity of AML cells was also decreased through down-regulating RPRD1A by miR-10a that ultimately lead to the stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that AML-BMSCs could deliver miR-10a to AML cells via exosomes, which could target RPRD1A and activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that subsequently decreased chemosensitivity of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, PR China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiadi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Tang BJ, Sun B, Chen L, Xiao J, Huang ST, Xu P. The Landscape of Exosome-Derived Non-Coding RNA in Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:912303. [PMID: 35784717 PMCID: PMC9240230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.912303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of life-threatening hematological malignancies which is currently incurable and often accompanied by drug resistance or disease relapse. Understanding the pathogenesis of leukemia and finding specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers is of great importance to improve the clinical efficacy of leukemia. Exosome-derived ncRNAs have been demonstrated as critical components of intercellular communication and function as key facilitators in the leukemia biological process. This review outlines the current investigations of exosomal ncRNAs (including miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA) as important mediators of leukemia and potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for leukemia treatment. Moreover, we generally analyze the prospects and challenges for exosomal ncRNAs from the aspects of research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Xu,
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Araújo HVD, Sakamoto LHT, Bacal NS, Epelman S, Real JM. MicroRNAs and exosomes: promising new biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemias? Einstein (São Paulo) 2022; 20:eRB5954. [PMID: 35303052 PMCID: PMC8868825 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022rb5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding of carcinogenesis and of treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, this neoplasm still has a lethality of at least 30%. The search for biomarkers that can predict the response to treatment in the early stages of the disease is still necessary. In recent years, a new form of cellular communication between tumor and non-neoplastic cells has been discovered: the exchange of information through extracellular vesicles. These are small vesicles released by membrane-coated cells that carry proteins, lipids, messenger RNAs, microRNA and DNA, which can be internalized and promote biological changes in target cells. Exosomes are qualified as a type of extracellular vesicle and, in tumors, carry immunoinhibitory signals that promote the escape of immune control. Recent studies have showed their involvement in communication with the cells of the tumor microenvironment and with chemoresistance in several tumors. To date, there is no information about immunoregulatory microRNAs transported by exosomes and their correlation with clinical evolution during chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Knowledge about immunomodulatory microRNAs obtained by leukemic cells and transported by exosomes can direct us towards the design of new diagnostic and treatment tools in this type of leukemia.
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Jiang D, Wu X, Sun X, Tan W, Dai X, Xie Y, Du A, Zhao Q. Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-7-5p inhibits progression of acute myeloid leukemia by targeting OSBPL11. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:29. [PMID: 35012554 PMCID: PMC8744354 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem- and progenitor-cell origin. AML features massive proliferation of abnormal blasts and leukemia cells in the bone marrow and the inhibition of normal hematopoiesis at onset. Exosomes containing proteins or nucleic acids are secreted by cells; they participate in intercellular communication and serve as key modulators of hematopoiesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the regulation of AML and the underlying mechanisms mediated by microRNA (miRNA). METHODS Dysregulated miR-7-5p in AML patients was identified using qRT-PCR and its clinical significance was explored. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the target gene OSBPL11 that could be regulated by miR-7-5p. The findings were validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. The functional genes of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were identified, and the functional significance of miR-7-5p in AML cells was determined using a functional recovery assay. AML cells were co-cultured with exosomes originating from BMSCs overexpressing miR-7-5p to determine cell-cell regulation by Exo-miR-7-5p, as well as in vitro and in vivo functional validation via gain- and loss-of-function methods. RESULTS Expression of miR-7-5p was decreased in AML patients and cells. Overexpression of miR-7-5p curbed cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Overexpression of OSBPL11 reversed the tumorigenic properties of miR-7-5p in AML cells in vitro. Exo-miR-7-5p derived from BMSCs induced formation of AML cells prone to apoptosis and a low survival rate, with OSBPL11 expression inhibited through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Exo-miR-7-5p derived from BMSCs exhibited tumor homing effects in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited AML development. CONCLUSIONS Exo-miR-7-5p derived from BMSCs negatively regulates OSBPL11 by suppressing the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting AML proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The data will inform the development of AML therapies based on BMSC-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanfeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Nursing School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Youbang Xie
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ashuai Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China.
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Ciciarello M, Corradi G, Forte D, Cavo M, Curti A. Emerging Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Driven Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Tangle or Chance? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5319. [PMID: 34771483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite high rates of remission obtained with conventional chemotherapy, the persistence of leukemic cells after treatments, eventually exiting in disease relapse, remains the main challenge in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Increasing evidence indicates that, besides AML cell mutations, stromal and immune cells, as leukemic microenvironment components, may protect AML cells from therapies. Here, we will recapitulate emerging bone marrow (BM) microenvironment-dependent mechanisms of therapy resistance. The understanding of these processes will help find new drug combinations and conceive novel and more effective treatments. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been considered for a long time exclusively driven by critical mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, the contribution of further players, such as stromal and immune bone marrow (BM) microenvironment components, to AML onset and progression has been pointed out. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) steadily remodel the leukemic niche, not only favoring leukemic cell growth and development but also tuning their responsiveness to treatments. The list of mechanisms driven by MSCs to promote a leukemia drug-resistant phenotype has progressively expanded. Moreover, the relative proportion and the activation status of immune cells in the BM leukemic microenvironment may vary by influencing their reactivity against leukemic cells. In that, the capacity of the stroma to re-program immune cells, thus promoting and/or hampering therapeutic efficacy, is emerging as a crucial aspect in AML biology, adding an extra layer of complexity. Current treatments for AML have mainly focused on eradicating leukemia cells, with little consideration for the leukemia-damaged BM niche. Increasing evidence on the contribution of stromal and immune cells in response to therapy underscores the need to hold the mutual interplay, which takes place in the BM. A careful dissection of these interactions will help provide novel applications for drugs already under experimentation and open a wide array of opportunities for new drug discovery.
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Lyu T, Wang Y, Li D, Yang H, Qin B, Zhang W, Li Z, Cheng C, Zhang B, Guo R, Song Y. Exosomes from BM-MSCs promote acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance via upregulation of S100A4. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:24. [PMID: 33789743 PMCID: PMC8011411 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BM-MSCs play an important role in cancer development through the release of cytokines or exosomes. Studies have shown that extracellular exosomes derived from BM-MSCs are a key pro-invasive factor. However, how BM-MSC-exos influence AML cell proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance remains poorly understood. Methods We isolated exosomes from BM-MSCs and used electron microscopy, particle size separation and western blots to identify the exosomes. The invasion of leukemia cells was observed with a transwell assay. The stemness traits and chemoresistance of the leukemia cells were detected by FCM, colony formation and CCK-8 assays. TCGA database was used to investigate the prognostic relevance of S100A4 and its potential role in AML. Results In this study, we found that BM-MSC-exos increased the metastatic potential, maintained the stemness and contributed to the chemoresistance of leukemia cells. Mechanistically, BM-MSC-exos promoted the proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance of leukemia cells via upregulation of S100A4. Downregulating S100A4 clearly suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of leukemia cells after treatment with BM-MSC-exos. Bioinformatic analysis with data in TCGA database showed that S100A4 was associated with poor prognosis in AML patients, and functional enrichment revealed its involvement in the processes of cell–cell adhesion and cytokine regulation. Conclusions S100A4 is vital in the BM-MSC-exo-driven proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance of leukemia cells and may serve as a potential target for leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bin Qin
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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