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Milman A, Andorin A, Gourraud JB, Sacher F, Mabo P, Kim SH, Maeda S, Takahashi Y, Kamakura T, Aiba T, Conte G, Juang JJ, Leshem E, Rahkovich M, Hochstadt A, Mizusawa Y, Postema PG, Arbelo E, Huang Z, Denjoy I, Giustetto C, Wijeyeratne YD, Napolitano C, Michowitz Y, Brugada R, Casado-Arroyo R, Champagne J, Calo L, Sarquella-Brugada G, Tfelt-Hansen J, Priori SG, Takagi M, Veltmann C, Delise P, Corrado D, Behr ER, Gaita F, Yan GX, Brugada J, Leenhardt A, Wilde AA, Brugada P, Kusano KF, Hirao K, Nam GB, Probst V, Belhassen B. Age of First Arrhythmic Event in Brugada Syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 10:CIRCEP.117.005222. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
Data on the age at first arrhythmic event (AE) in Brugada syndrome are from limited patient cohorts. The aim of this study is 2-fold: (1) to define the age at first AE in a large cohort of patients with Brugada syndrome, and (2) to assess the influence of the mode of AE documentation, sex, and ethnicity on the age at first AE.
Methods and Results
A survey of 23 centers from 10 Western and 4 Asian countries gathered data from 678 patients with Brugada syndrome (91.3% men) with first AE documented at time of aborted cardiac arrest (group A, n=426) or after prophylactic implantable cardioverter–defibrillator implantation (group B, n=252). The vast majority (94.2%) of the patients were 16 to 70 years old at the time of AE, whereas pediatric (<16 years) and elderly patients (>70 years) comprised 4.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Peak AE rate occurred between 38 and 48 years (mean, 41.9±14.8; range, 0.27–84 years). Group A patients were younger than in Group B by a mean of 6.7 years (46.1±13.2 versus 39.4±15.0 years;
P
<0.001). In adult patients (≥16 years), women experienced AE 6.5 years later than men (
P
=0.003). Whites and Asians exhibited their AE at the same median age (43 years).
Conclusions
SABRUS (Survey on Arrhythmic Events in Brugada Syndrome) presents the first analysis on the age distribution of AE in Brugada syndrome, suggesting 2 age cutoffs (16 and 70 years) that might be important for decision-making. It also allows gaining insights on the influence of mode of arrhythmia documentation, patient sex, and ethnic origin on the age at AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Milman
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Antoine Andorin
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gourraud
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Frederic Sacher
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Philippe Mabo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Shingo Maeda
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Yoshihide Takahashi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Tsukasa Kamakura
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Giulio Conte
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jimmy J.M. Juang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Eran Leshem
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Michael Rahkovich
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Aviram Hochstadt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Yuka Mizusawa
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Pieter G. Postema
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Elena Arbelo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Isabelle Denjoy
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Carla Giustetto
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Yanushi D. Wijeyeratne
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Carlo Napolitano
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Yoav Michowitz
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ramon Brugada
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ruben Casado-Arroyo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jean Champagne
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Leonardo Calo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Silvia G. Priori
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Masahiko Takagi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Christian Veltmann
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Pietro Delise
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Domenico Corrado
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Elijah R. Behr
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Gan-Xin Yan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Josep Brugada
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Antoine Leenhardt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Arthur A.M. Wilde
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Pedro Brugada
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Kengo F. Kusano
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Kenzo Hirao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Gi-Byoung Nam
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Vincent Probst
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
| | - Bernard Belhassen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.M., E.L., M.R., Y.M., B.B.); Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, France (A.A., J.-B.G., V.P.); INSERM 1045, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (F.S.); Division of Cardiology and Vascular Disease, Rennes University Health Centre, France (P.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (S.-H.K.)
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