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Ng MY, Lin T, Chao SC, Chu PM, Yu CC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Natural Compounds in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133614. [PMID: 35806899 PMCID: PMC9267692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major worldwide health burden. DM is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and if left untreated, can lead to various complications. Individuals with uncontrolled DM are more susceptible to periodontitis due to both a hyper-inflammatory host response and an impaired immune response. Periodontitis, on the other hand, may exacerbate DM by increasing both local and systemic inflammatory components of DM-related complications. The current standard for periodontal treatment in diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) focuses mostly on reducing bacterial load and less on controlling the excessive host response, and hence, may not be able to resolve DP completely. Over the past decade, natural compounds have emerged as an adjunct approach for modulating the host immune response with the hope of curing DP. The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic characteristics of natural substances are well-known, and they can be found in regularly consumed foods and drinks, as well as plants. The pathophysiology of DP and the treatment benefits of various bioactive extracts for DP will be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee Ng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yi-lan, Luodong 265501, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2471-8668
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. Phytochem Rev 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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Gennaro G, Claudino M, Cestari TM, Ceolin D, Germino P, Garlet GP, de Assis GF. Green Tea Modulates Cytokine Expression in the Periodontium and Attenuates Alveolar Bone Resorption in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134784. [PMID: 26270535 PMCID: PMC4535908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with the main feature of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia increases the severity of periodontal disease via an exacerbated inflammatory response, activated by advanced glycation end products and their receptor, RAGE. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents represent potential inhibitors of this pathological interaction. In particular, green tea has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties mediated by its polyphenol content. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the mechanisms by which green tea attenuates the spontaneous onset of diabetes-induced periodontitis. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic and control animals were divided into water-treated and green tea-treated subgroups and were analyzed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after diabetes induction. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantitatively evaluate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) expression in serial sections of each hemimaxilla. Morphometric measurements of the distance from the cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) of the superior distal root of the first molar to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) were performed to assess bone loss. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in significant bone loss and alterations in the number of cells that stained positive for inflammatory mediators. In the diabetic rats treated with green tea, we observed a decreased number of cells expressing RANKL and TNF-α compared with that observed in the diabetic rats treated with water. Additionally, green tea increased the numbers of cells that stained positive for OPG, RUNX-2 and IL-10 in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Green tea intake reduces expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the osteoclastogenic mediator RANKL to normal levels while increasing expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the osteogenesis-related factor RUNX-2 and the anti-osteoclastogenic factor OPG. Therefore, green tea represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-related periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcela Claudino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ceolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Germino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco de Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saeed NM, El-Naga RN, El-Bakly WM, Abdel-Rahman HM, Salah ElDin RA, El-Demerdash E. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate pretreatment attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: A mechanistic study. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:145-55. [PMID: 25701654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Green tea is a popular drink, especially in Asian countries, although its popularity continues to spread across the globe. The health benefits of green tea, derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, have been studied for many years. Fairly recently, researchers have begun to look at the possibility of using green tea in antimicrobial therapy, and the potential prevention of infections. The particular properties of catechins found in the tea have shown promise for having antimicrobial effects. There are four main catechins (polyphenols) found in green tea: (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Three of these, ECG, EGC, and EGCG have been shown to have antimicrobial effects against a variety of organisms. These catechins have exhibited a variety of antimicrobial mechanisms. The results of studies on the antimicrobial effects of green tea have shown that the potential for preventive and therapeutic purposes is present. Further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of infections, and studies on the occurrence of infections in populations that consume regular amounts of green tea will be necessary to complete the picture of its antimicrobial possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda C Reygaert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Rochester, MI, USA
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Yoshinaga Y, Ukai T, Nakatsu S, Kuramoto A, Nagano F, Yoshinaga M, Montenegro JL, Shiraishi C, Hara Y. Green tea extract inhibits the onset of periodontal destruction in rat experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:652-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yoshinaga
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - T. Ukai
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - S. Nakatsu
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - A. Kuramoto
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - F. Nagano
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - M. Yoshinaga
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - J. L. Montenegro
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - C. Shiraishi
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Y. Hara
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
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Kalaiselvi P, Rajashree K, Bharathi Priya L, Padma VV. Cytoprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in HT-29 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shi SF, Zhang XL, Zhu C, Chen DES, Guo YY. Ultrasonically enhanced rifampin activity against internalized Staphylococcus aureus. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:257-262. [PMID: 23251279 PMCID: PMC3524287 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the principle causative agent of osteomyelitis, accounting for 80% of all human cases. S. aureus internalized in osteoblasts escapes immune response, including engulfment by phagocytes. It also escapes the action of a number of antibiotics. Ultrasound increases cell membrane permeability to a number of drugs. Following an internalization assay, we used low-frequency, low-power ultrasound combined with the antibiotic rifampin to target S. aureus internalized in human osteoblasts. Tryptic soy agar (TSA) was used to quantitate the antibacterial effect of rifampin combined with low-frequency ultrasound. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate cell viability following exposure to ultrasound. Our data revealed that rifampin successfully penetrates into osteoblasts and kills internalized S. aureus in osteoblasts, while low-frequency ultrasound promotes this process. Ultrasound had a negative impact on the cell viability of osteoblasts; however, this damage was slight and reversible. Ultrasound-enhanced antibiotic efficiency to bacteria internalized in the osteoblasts may contribute to the control of chronic infection to reduce recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Feng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Abstract
Orthopedic infection is refractory to cure. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the main causative pathogen responsible for orthopedic infection. S. aureus is capable of not only colonizing bone matrix, but also invading osteoblasts, which may play a significant role in the persistence and recurrence of osteomyelitis. Internalization requires the involvement of cytoskeletal elements, including actin microfilaments, microtubules and clathrin-coated pits. Microfilaments are most significant in the invasion process. S. aureus is capable of remaining alive in osteoblasts for a long period of time. Decreased sensitivity to antibiotics capable of penetrating host cells increases the difficulties of eradicating S. aureus. Osteoblasts, invaded by S. aureus, play a significant role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory immune responses. These osteoblasts recruit leukocytes and phagocytes to the site of inflammation via the expression of cytokines. Apoptosis is observed in osteoblasts invaded by S. aureus. Recruitment of osteoclasts and other immunocytes plays a crucial role in the resorption and destruction of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Kitamura M, Nishino T, Obata Y, Furusu A, Hishikawa Y, Koji T, Kohno S. Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 195:95-104. [PMID: 22101032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) leads to histological changes in the peritoneal membrane. Angiogenesis and inflammation caused by glucose degradation products (GDPs) play crucial roles in peritoneal fibrosis. One such GDP is methylglyoxal (MGO), which enhances the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs bind to their receptor (RAGE) and activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is a key regulator of angiogenesis and inflammation. Recent studies have indicated that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a tea polyphenol, inhibits angiogenesis and inflammation. Here, we examined whether EGCG suppresses peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Based on preliminary examination, 2mL of 40mM MGO or PD fluid was injected intraperitoneally and EGCG (50mg/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously for 3weeks. In comparison to PD fluid+saline-treated mice, the peritoneal tissues of MGO+saline-treated mice showed marked thickening of the submesothelial compact zone. In the submesothelial compact zone of the MGO+saline-treated mice, CD31-positive vessels and vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells were significantly increased, as were inflammation, F4/80-positive macrophages, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Moreover, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of reactive oxygen species, and NF-κB, determined by Southwestern histochemistry, in the submesothelial compact zone were also increased in MGO+saline-treated mice. These changes were attenuated in MGO+EGCG-treated mice. We demonstrated that EGCG treatment suppresses peritoneal fibrosis via inhibition of NF-κB. Furthermore, EGCG inhibits reactive oxygen species production. The results of this study indicate that EGCG is a potentially novel candidate for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis.
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Cell signaling and receptors with resorcinols and flavonoids: redox, reactive oxygen species, and physiological effects. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:265-70. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.586353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Shen CL, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Chyu MC, Wang JS. Green tea and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:155-61. [PMID: 21473914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly population. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea with its bioactive components on bone health with an emphasis on the following: (i) the etiology of osteoporosis, (ii) evidence of osteo-protective impacts of green tea on bone mass and microarchitecture in various bone loss models in which induced by aging, sex hormone deficiency, and chronic inflammation, (iii) discussion of impacts of green tea on bone mass in two obesity models, (iv) observation of short-term green tea supplementation given to postmenopausal women with low bone mass, (v) possible mechanisms for the osteo-protective effects of green tea bioactive compounds, and (vi) a summary and future research direction of green tea and bone health.
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Wang P, Aronson WJ, Huang M, Zhang Y, Lee RP, Heber D, Henning SM. Green tea polyphenols and metabolites in prostatectomy tissue: implications for cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:985-93. [PMID: 20628004 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trials suggest that green tea consumption may prevent prostate cancer through the action of green tea polyphenols including (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). To study the metabolism and bioactivity of green tea polyphenols in human prostate tissue, men with clinically localized prostate cancer consumed six cups of green tea (n = 8) daily or water (n = 9) for 3 to 6 weeks before undergoing radical prostatectomy. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, 4''-O-methyl EGCG (4''-MeEGCG) and EGCG were identified in comparable amounts, and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate was identified in lower amounts in prostatectomy tissue from men consuming green tea (38.9 +/- 19.5, 42.1 +/- 32.4, and 17.8 +/- 10.1 pmol/g tissue, respectively). The majority of EGCG and other green tea polyphenols were not conjugated. Green tea polyphenols were not detected in prostate tissue or urine from men consuming water preoperatively. In the urine of men consuming green tea, 50% to 60% of both (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epicatechin were present in methylated form with 4'-O-MeEGC being the major methylated form of (-)-epigallocatechin. When incubated with EGCG, LNCaP prostate cancer cells were able to methylate EGCG to 4''-MeEGCG. The capacity of 4''-MeEGCG to inhibit proliferation and NF-kappaB activation and induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells was decreased significantly compared with EGCG. In summary, methylated and nonmethylated forms of EGCG are detectable in prostate tissue following a short-term green tea intervention, and the methylation status of EGCG may potentially modulate its preventive effect on prostate cancer, possibly based on genetic polymorphisms of catechol O-methyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piwen Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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Nakamura H, Ukai T, Yoshimura A, Kozuka Y, Yoshioka H, Yoshinaga Y, Abe Y, Hara Y. Green tea catechin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption in vivo. J Periodontal Res 2009; 45:23-30. [PMID: 19602116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bone resorption is positively regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, promote RANKL expression by stromal cells and osteoblasts. Green tea catechin (GTC) has beneficial effects on human health and has been reported to inhibit osteoclast formation in an in vitro co-culture system. However, there has been no investigation of the effect of GTC on periodontal bone resorption in vivo. We therefore investigated whether GTC has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS or LPS with GTC was injected a total of 10 times, once every 48 h, into the gingivae of BALB/c mice. Another group of mice, housed with free access to water containing GTC throughout the experimental period, were also injected with LPS in a similar manner. RESULTS The alveolar bone resorption and IL-1beta expression induced by LPS in gingival tissue were significantly decreased by injection or oral administration of GTC. Furthermore, when GTC was added to the medium, decreased responses to LPS were observed in CD14-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) reporter cells, which express CD25 through LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. These findings demonstrated that GTC inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB activated by LPS. In addition, osteoclasts were generated from mouse bone marrow macrophages cultured in a medium containing RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor with or without GTC. The number of osteoclasts was decreased in dose-dependent manner when GTC was added to the culture medium. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GTC suppresses LPS-induced bone resorption by inhibiting IL-1beta production or by directly inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in both elderly women and men. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of age-related bone loss in elderly women and men. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea or its bioactive components on bone health, with an emphasis on (i) the prevalence and etiology of osteoporosis; (ii) the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in osteoporosis; (iii) green tea composition and bioavailability; (iv) the effects of green tea and its active components on osteogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis from human epidemiological, animal, as well as cell culture studies; (v) possible mechanisms explaining the osteoprotective effects of green tea bioactive compounds; (vi) other bioactive components in tea that benefit bone health; and (vii) a summary and future direction of green tea and bone health research and the translational aspects. In general, tea and its bioactive components might decrease the risk of fracture by improving bone mineral density and supporting osteoblastic activities while suppressing osteoclastic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-9097, USA.
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Somayaji SN, Ritchie S, Sahraei M, Marriott I, Hudson MC. Staphylococcus aureus induces expression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand and prostaglandin E2 in infected murine osteoblasts. Infect Immun 2008; 76:5120-6. [PMID: 18765718 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00228-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory disease of the bone that is characterized by the presence of necrotic bone tissue and increased osteoclast activity. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for approximately 80% of all cases of human osteomyelitis. While the disease is especially difficult to treat, the pathogenesis of S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis is poorly understood. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which S. aureus induces osteomyelitis could lead to a better understanding of the disease and its progression and development of new treatments. Osteoblasts can produce several soluble factors that serve to modulate the activity or formation of osteoclasts. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANK-L) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are two such molecules which can promote osteoclastogenesis and stimulate bone resorption. In addition, previous studies in our laboratory have shown that osteoblasts produce inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6, following infection with S. aureus, which could induce COX-2 and in turn PGE(2), further modulating osteoclast recruitment and differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that following infection with S. aureus, osteoblasts will express increased levels of RANK-L and PGE(2). The results presented in this study provide evidence for the first time that RANK-L mRNA and protein and PGE(2) expression are upregulated in S. aureus-infected primary osteoblasts. In addition, through the use of the specific COX-2 inhibitor NS 398, we show that when PGE(2) production is inhibited, RANK-L production is decreased. These data suggest a mechanism whereby osteoblasts regulate the production of RANK-L during infection.
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