1
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Jana PK, Bačová P, Schneider L, Kobayashi H, Hollborn KU, Polińska P, Burkhart C, Harmandaris VA, Müller M. Wall-Spring Thermostat: A Novel Approach for Controlling the Dynamics of Soft Coarse-Grained Polymer Fluids at Surfaces. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Jana
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petra Bačová
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Ludwig Schneider
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Hollborn
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Craig Burkhart
- Goodyear Research, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 142 Goodyear Boulevard, Akron, Ohio 44305, United States
| | - Vagelis A. Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Torres Arango MA, Zhang Y, Li R, Doerk G, Fluerasu A, Wiegart L. In-Operando Study of Shape Retention and Microstructure Development in a Hydrolyzing Sol-Gel Ink during 3D-Printing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:51044-51056. [PMID: 33138355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of amorphous and crystalline ceramics is of paramount importance for the fabrication of a wide range of devices with applications across different technology fields. Printed ceramics are remarkably enabled by the sol-gel synthesis method in conjunction with continuous filament direct ink writing. During printing, multiple processes contribute to the evolution of inks including shape retention, chemical conversion, solidification, and microstructure formation. Traditionally, depending on the ink composition and printing environment, several mechanisms have been associated with the shape retention and solidification of 3D printed structures: gelation, rapid solvent evaporation, energy-driven phase transformation, and chemical-driven phase transformation. Understanding the fundamental differences between these mechanisms becomes key since they strongly influence the spatiotemporal evolution of the materials, as the out-of-equilibrium processes inherent to the extrusion, relaxation, and solidification of printed materials have significant effects on the materials properties. In this work, we investigate the shape retention mechanism and the hydrolysis-induced material conversion and microstructure formation during the 3D printing of a water reactive sol-gel ink that transforms into titanium dioxide-based ceramic. This study aims at identifying characteristic mechanisms associated with the material transformation, establishing connections between the microstructure development and the timescales associated with solidification under operando 3D-printing conditions. The investigation of this material's out-of-equilibrium pathways under processing conditions is enabled by time-resolved coherent X-ray scattering, providing simultaneous access to temporospatially resolved microstructural and dynamics information. Furthermore, we explore X-ray speckle tracking as a tool to resolve deformations of the microstructure in a printed filament associated with the deposition of consecutive filaments. Through this work, we aim at providing a fundamental understanding of the relationships behind these transformative processes in 3D printing and their timescales as the basis for achieving unprecedented control over printed materials microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Torres Arango
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 735 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Gregory Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 735 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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3
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Ehrburger-Dolle F, Morfin I, Bley F, Livet F, Heinrich G, Chushkin Y, Sutton M. Anisotropic and heterogeneous dynamics in stretched elastomer nanocomposites. Soft Matter 2019; 15:3796-3806. [PMID: 30990483 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We use X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) to investigate the dynamics of a stretched elastomer by means of probe particles. The particles dispersed in the elastomer were carbon black or silica aggregates classically used for elastomer reinforcement but their volume fraction is very low (φ < 10-2). We show that their dynamics is slower in the direction of the tensile strain than in the perpendicular one. For hydroxylated silica which is poorly wetted by the elastomer, there is no anisotropy. Two-time correlation functions confirm anisotropic dynamics and suggest dynamical heterogeneity already expected from the q-1 behavior of the relaxation times. The height χ* of the peak of the dynamical susceptibility, determined by the normalized variance of the instantaneous correlation function, is larger in the direction parallel to the strain than in the perpendicular one. It also appears that its q dependence changes with the morphology of the probe particle. Therefore, the heterogeneous dynamic probed by the particles is not related only to that of the strained elastomer matrix. In fact, it results from modification of the dynamics of the polymer chains near the surface of the particles and within the aggregate porosity (bound polymer). It is concluded that XPCS is a powerful method for investigating the dynamics, at a given strain, of the bound polymer-particle units which are responsible, at large volume fractions, for the reinforcement.
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4
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Cui M, Miesch C, Kosif I, Nie H, Kim PY, Kim H, Emrick T, Russell TP. Transition in Dynamics as Nanoparticles Jam at the Liquid/Liquid Interface. Nano Lett 2017; 17:6855-6862. [PMID: 29048914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) segregated to the liquid/liquid interface form disordered or liquid-like assemblies that show diffusive motions in the plane of the interface. As the areal density of NPs at the interface increases, the available interfacial area decreases, and the interfacial dynamics of the NP assemblies change when the NPs jam. Dynamics associated with jamming was investigated by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Water-in-toluene emulsions, formed by a self-emulsification at the liquid/liquid interface and stabilized by ligand-capped CdSe-ZnS NPs, provided a simple, yet powerful platform, to investigate NP dynamics. In contrast to a single planar interface, these emulsions increased the number of NPs in the incident beam and decreased the absorption of X-rays in comparison to the same path length in pure water. A transition from diffusive to confined dynamics was manifested by intermittent dynamics, indicating a transition from a liquid-like to a jammed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Cui
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Caroline Miesch
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Irem Kosif
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Huarong Nie
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cylcotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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5
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6
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Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Mancini DC, Ilavsky J. Simultaneous multiplexed materials characterization using a high-precision hard X-ray micro-slit array. J Synchrotron Radiat 2015; 22:653-60. [PMID: 25931081 PMCID: PMC4786085 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515005378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The needs both for increased experimental throughput and for in operando characterization of functional materials under increasingly realistic experimental conditions have emerged as major challenges across the whole of crystallography. A novel measurement scheme that allows multiplexed simultaneous measurements from multiple nearby sample volumes is presented. This new approach enables better measurement statistics or direct probing of heterogeneous structure, dynamics or elemental composition. To illustrate, the submicrometer precision that optical lithography provides has been exploited to create a multiplexed form of ultra-small-angle scattering based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXS-XPCS) using micro-slit arrays fabricated by photolithography. Multiplexed USAXS-XPCS is applied to follow the equilibrium dynamics of a simple colloidal suspension. While the dependence of the relaxation time on momentum transfer, and its relationship with the diffusion constant and the static structure factor, follow previous findings, this measurements-in-parallel approach reduces the statistical uncertainties of this photon-starved technique to below those associated with the instrument resolution. More importantly, we note the potential of the multiplexed scheme to elucidate the response of different components of a heterogeneous sample under identical experimental conditions in simultaneous measurements. In the context of the X-ray synchrotron community, this scheme is, in principle, applicable to all in-line synchrotron techniques. Indeed, it has the potential to open a new paradigm for in operando characterization of heterogeneous functional materials, a situation that will be even further enhanced by the ongoing development of multi-bend achromat storage ring designs as the next evolution of large-scale X-ray synchrotron facilities around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Derrick C. Mancini
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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7
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Conrad H, Lehmkühler F, Fischer B, Westermeier F, Schroer MA, Chushkin Y, Gutt C, Sprung M, Grübel G. Correlated heterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming polymers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:042309. [PMID: 25974493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.042309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments on the dynamics of the glass-former polypropylene glycol covering a temperature range from room temperature to the glass transition at T(g)=205 K using silica tracer particles. Three temperature regimes are identified: At high temperatures, Brownian motion of the tracer particles is observed. Near T(g), the dynamics is hyperdiffusive and ballistic. Around 1.12T(g), we observe an intermediate regime. Here the stretching exponent of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function becomes q dependent. By analyzing higher-order correlations in the scattering data, we find that dynamical heterogeneities dramatically increase in this intermediate-temperature regime. This leads to two effects: increasing heterogeneous dynamics and correlated motion at temperatures close to and below 1.12T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Conrad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Gutt
- University of Siegen, Walter-Flex Straße 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Gabriel J, Blochowicz T, Stühn B. Compressed exponential decays in correlation experiments: The influence of temperature gradients and convection. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:104902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4914092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gabriel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Blochowicz
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Ranka M, Varkey N, Ramakrishnan S, Zukoski CF. Impact of small changes in particle surface chemistry for unentangled polymer nanocomposites. Soft Matter 2015; 11:1634-1645. [PMID: 25600762 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report microstructural and rheological consequences of altering silica particle surface chemistry when the particles are suspended in unentangled polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400. The particle surfaces are altered by reacting them with isobutyltrimethyoxysilane. Levels of silanization are chosen so that the particles remain dispersed in the polymer at all volume fractions studied. Our studies indicate that at the levels studied, silanization does not alter the hydrodynamic thickness of the absorbed polymer layer thickness. Rheological properties are not sensitive to levels of silanization up to particle volume fractions where the average particle separation h ∼ 6Rg (4.8 nm). At these volume fractions, composite microstructure undergoes changes associated with jamming of soft particles (decorrelations in the first peak of the particle structure factor and the onset of a non-diffusive mechanism that dominates particle density fluctuations at short times.) In the region of volume fractions where h/Rg < 6, the zero-shear rate viscosity of the composites is extremely sensitive to level of silanization with a decrease in the zero-shear rate viscosity by four orders of magnitude observed for the highest levels of silanization studied in comparison to the bare particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulik Ranka
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign - Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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10
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de Melo Marques FA, Angelini R, Zaccarelli E, Farago B, Ruta B, Ruocco G, Ruzicka B. Structural and microscopic relaxations in a colloidal glass. Soft Matter 2015; 11:466-471. [PMID: 25406421 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aging dynamics of a colloidal glass has been studied by multiangle dynamic light scattering, neutron spin echo, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The two relaxation processes, microscopic (fast) and structural (slow), have been investigated in an unprecedentedly wide range of time and length scales covering both ergodic and nonergodic regimes. The microscopic relaxation time remains diffusive at all length scales across the glass transition scaling with wavevector Q as Q(-2). The length-scale dependence of structural relaxation time changes from diffusive, characterized by a Q(-2)-dependence in the early stages of aging, to a Q(-1)-dependence in the full aging regime which marks a discontinuous hopping dynamics. Both regimes are associated with a stretched behaviour of the correlation functions. We expect these findings to provide a general description of both relaxations across the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Augusto de Melo Marques
- Center for Life Nano Science, IIT@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy.
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11
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Hernández R, Criado M, Nogales A, Sprung M, Mijangos C, Ezquerra TA. Deswelling of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Derived Hydrogels and Their Nanocomposites with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles As Revealed by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hernández
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la
Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la
Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Sprung
- Petra III at DESY, Notkestrasse
85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la
Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Sinha SK, Jiang Z, Lurio LB. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy studies of surfaces and thin films. Adv Mater 2014; 26:7764-7785. [PMID: 25236339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The technique of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) is reviewed as a method for studying the relatively slow dynamics of materials on time scales ranging from microseconds to thousands of seconds and length scales ranging from microns down to nanometers. We focus on the application of this technique to study dynamical fluctuations of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. We first discuss instrumental issues such as the effects of partial coherence (or alternatively finite instrumental resolution) and optimization of signal-to-noise ratios in the experiments. We then review what has been learned from recent XPCS studies of capillary wave fluctuations on liquid surfaces and polymer films, of nanoparticles used as probes to study the interior dynamics of polymer films, of liquid crystals and multilamellar surfactant films, and of metal surfaces, and magnetic domain wall fluctuations in antiferromagnets. We then discuss studies of non-equilibrium dynamics described by 2-time correlation functions. Finally, we briefly speculate on possible future XPCS experiments at new synchrotron sources currently under development including studies of dynamics on time scales down to femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sinha
- Dept. of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
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Abstract
In recent years, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has emerged as one of the key probes of slow nanoscale fluctuations, applicable to a wide range of condensed matter and materials systems. This article briefly reviews the basic principles of XPCS as well as some of its recent applications, and discusses some novel approaches to XPCS analysis. It concludes with a discussion of the future impact of diffraction-limited storage rings on new types of XPCS experiments, pushing the temporal resolution to nanosecond and possibly even picosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Shpyrko
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0319, La Jolla, CA 92093-0319, USA
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14
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Hernández R, Nogales A, Sprung M, Mijangos C, Ezquerra TA. Slow dynamics of nanocomposite polymer aerogels as revealed by X-ray photocorrelation spectroscopy (XPCS). J Chem Phys 2014; 140:024909. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Ilavsky J, Long GG. Structure and dynamics studies of concentrated micrometer-sized colloidal suspensions. Langmuir 2013; 29:1379-1387. [PMID: 23294392 DOI: 10.1021/la3044768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the structural and dynamical properties of concentrated suspensions of different sized polystyrene microspheres dispersed in glycerol for volume fraction concentrations between 10% and 20%. The static structure, probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, shows a behavior very similar to that of hard spheres. The equilibrium dynamics is probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, a new technique that overcomes the limits of visible light-scattering techniques imposed by multiple scattering and is suitable for studies of optically opaque materials containing micrometer-sized structures. We found that the intensity autocorrelation functions are better described by a stretched exponential function and microspheres in a concentrated suspension move collectively. We also found that the inverse of the effective diffusion coefficients displays a peak with respect to the scattering vector that resembles the peaks in the static structure factors, which indicates that a long-lived, low free-energy state exists. The relaxation time is approximately inversely related to scattering vector, a behavior consistent with models that describe the dynamics in terms of random, local structural arrangements in disordered media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.
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16
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Czakkel O, Nagy B, Geissler E, László K. Effect of molybdenum on the structure formation of resorcinol–formaldehyde hydrogel studied by coherent x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:234907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4729465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
We report x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) results on bidimensional (2D) gels formed by a Langmuir monolayer of gold nanoparticles. The system allows an experimental determination of the fourth order time correlation function, which is compared to the usual second order correlation function and to the mechanical response measured on macroscopic scale. The observed dynamics is anisotropic, heterogeneous and superdiffusive on the nanoscale. Different time scales, associated with fast heterogeneous dynamics inside 2D cages and slower motion of larger parts of the film, can be identified from the correlation functions. The XPCS results are discussed in view of other experimental results and models of three-dimensional gel dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Orsi
- Physics Department, Parma University, I-43124, Parma, Italy
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18
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19
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Guo H, Ramakrishnan S, Harden JL, Leheny RL. Gel formation and aging in weakly attractive nanocolloid suspensions at intermediate concentrations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:154903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3653380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Zanchetta G, Cerbino R. Exploring soft matter with x-rays: from the discovery of the DNA structure to the challenges of free electron lasers. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:323102. [PMID: 21386476 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/32/323102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
X-rays have long been a precious tool for the study of the structure of matter. While the short wavelength makes them ideal for investigating materials down to the atomic scale, their high penetration power allows for the exploration of opaque samples at a multitude of length scales. We give an overview of the x-ray techniques suited for the characterization of soft matter and of their application to systems of current interest. We describe the advantages and limitations of existing x-ray methods and outline the possible developments following the introduction of a new kind of coherent source: the x-ray free electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Zanchetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biochimica e Biotecnologie per la Medicina, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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