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Li Z, Zheng B, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Hou L, Yang Z. BMSC-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway to Reverse Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7072700. [PMID: 37035447 PMCID: PMC10081904 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7072700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) apoptosis is one of the most vital causes of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent evidence has proved that bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) can effectively reduce sepsis-induced ARDS. However, the function and molecular mechanism of BMSC-exos in sepsis-induced AECII apoptosis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a more significant number of AECII apoptosis, high mitochondrial fission p-Drp1 protein levels, and low levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related PGC1α, Tfam, and Nrf1 proteins accompanied with ATP content depression were confirmed in AECIIs in response to sepsis. Surprisingly, BMSC-exos successfully recovered mitochondrial biogenesis, including the upregulated expression of PGC1α, Tfam, Nrf1 proteins, and ATP contents, and prohibited p-Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by promoting Nrf2 expression. However, the aforementioned BMSC-exo reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction in AECIIs can be blocked by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Finally, BMSC-exos ameliorated the mortality rate, AECII apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine storm including HMGB1 and IL-6, and pathological lung damage in sepsis mice, which also could be prevented by ML385. These findings reveal a new mechanism of BMSC-exos in reversing mitochondrial dysfunction to alleviate AECII apoptosis, which may provide novel strategies for preventing and treating sepsis-induced ARDS.
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Hu Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li B, Liu K, Ran J, Li L. Exercise activates Sirt1-mediated Drp1 acetylation and inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis to improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 36882837 PMCID: PMC9990292 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aerobic exercise has shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism is not turely clear. Therefore, we aim to clarify the possible mechanism by investigating the effects of aerobic exercise on NAFLD and its mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS NAFLD rat model was established by feeding high fat diet. and used oleic acid (OA) to treat HepG2 cells. Changes in histopathology, lipid accumulation, apoptosis, body weight, and biochemical parameters were assessed. In addition, antioxidants, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial fusion and division were assessed. RESULTS The obtained in vivo results showed that aerobic exercise significantly improved lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HFD, activated the level of Sirtuins1 (Srit1), and weakened the acetylation and activity of dynamic-related protein 1 (Drp1). In vitro results showed that activation of Srit1 inhibited OA-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and alleviated OA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting Drp1 acetylation and reducing Drp1 expression. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise alleviates NAFLD and its mitochondrial dysfunction by activating Srit1 to regulate Drp1 acetylation. Our study clarifies the mechanism of aerobic exercise in alleviating NAFLD and its mitochondrial dysfunction and provides a new method for adjuvant treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Hu
- First People's Hospital of Kunming City, The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Kunming City, The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- First People's Hospital of Kunming City, The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Boyi Li
- First People's Hospital of Kunming City, The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- First People's Hospital of Kunming City, The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianghua Ran
- First People's Hospital of Kunming City, The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Li
- First People's Hospital of Kunming City, The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Kolac UK, Donmez Yalcin G, Yalcin A. Chemical inhibition of mitochondrial fission improves insulin signaling and subdues hyperglycemia induced stress in placental trophoblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:493-506. [PMID: 36352179 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic complication that affects millions of pregnant women in the world. Placental tissue function is endangered by hyperglycemia during GDM, which is correlated to increased incidences of pregnancy complications. Recently we showed that due to a significant decrease in mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium is altered in placental tissues from GDM patients. Evidence for the role of reduced mitochondrial fusion in the disruption of mitochondrial function in placental cells is limited. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we show that chemical inhibition of mitochondrial fission in cultured placental trophoblast cells leads to an increase in mitochondrial fusion and improves the physiological state of these cells and hence, their capacity to cope in a hyperglycemic environment. Specifically, mitochondrial fission inhibition led to a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial unfolded protein marker expressions, and mitochondrial depolarization. It supported the increase in mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme expressions as well. Mitochondrial fission inhibition also increases the placental cell insulin sensitivity during hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that mitochondrial fusion/fission equilibrium is critical for placental cell function and signify the therapeutic potential of small molecule inhibitors of fission during GDM.
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Vezza T, Díaz-Pozo P, Canet F, de Marañón AM, Abad-Jiménez Z, García-Gargallo C, Roldan I, Solá E, Bañuls C, López-Domènech S, Rocha M, Víctor VM. The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamic Dysfunction in Age-Associated Type 2 Diabetes. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:399-411. [PMID: 35021300 PMCID: PMC9253806 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics, such as fusion and fission, play a critical role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes include fusion proteins (Mitofusin 1 [MFN1], Mitofusin 2 [MFN2], and optic atrophy 1 [OPA1]) and fission mediators (mitochondrial fission 1 [FIS1] and dynamin-related protein 1 [DRP1]), which interact with each other to ensure mitochondrial quality control. Interestingly, defects in these proteins can lead to the loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, impairment of mitochondrial function, a severe alteration of mitochondrial morphology, and eventually cell death. Emerging evidence has revealed a causal relationship between dysregulation of mitochondria dynamics and age-associated type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disease whose rates have reached an alarming epidemic-like level with the majority of cases (59%) recorded in men aged 65 and over. In this sense, fragmentation of mitochondrial networks is often associated with defects in cellular energy production and increased apoptosis, leading, in turn, to excessive reactive oxygen species release, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic alterations, which can ultimately contribute to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The present review discusses the processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission and their dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, with special attention given to the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial dynamics in this complex metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vezza
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu M de Marañón
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia García-Gargallo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Roldan
- Service of Cardiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Solá
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Cheng D, Yang XJ, Zhang L, Qin ZS, Li WQ, Xu HC, Zhang ZJ. Tortoise Plastron and Deer Antler Gelatin Prevents Against Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Vitro: Implication for a Potential Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690256. [PMID: 34054561 PMCID: PMC8155591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction with oxidative damage plays the fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practice, animal tissue-derived gelatins are often used as nootropic agents to treat cognitive deterioration and senile dementia. Tortoise plastron gelatin (TPG) and deer antler gelatin (DAG) are the two most commonly used gelatins for this purpose. This study sought to examine the effects of the two gelatins in preventing neuronal mitochondria from oxidative damage. PC12 cells, a cell line derived from rat pheochromocytoma, exposed to the neurotoxin Aβ25-35 served as an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. The cells were separately pre-treated with TPG and DAG at various concentrations ranging from 6.26 µg/ml-200 µg/ml, followed by co-incubation with 20 μM Aβ25-35 for different duration. Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ultrastructure, intracellular ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) level, the expression of mitochondrial dynamic proteins and biomarkers of apoptosis were measured. Pretreatment with TPG and DAG reversed the Aβ-induced reduction of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Both TPG and DAG significantly increased MMP and ATP, alleviated the accumulation of damaged mitochondrial fragments, and normalized the aberrant expression of multiple mitochondrial dynamic proteins of the Aβ-exposed cells. Both gelatins also suppressed intracellular ROS overproduction and Ca2+ overload, overexpression of cytochrome c and pro-apoptosis biomarkers induced by the Aβ exposure. These results suggest that TPG and DAG may have the anti-dementia potential by preventing neuronal mitochondria from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Jing Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Shi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Qi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Chun Xu
- Shenyang Jing'an Mental Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
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Hou L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Fang H, Liao L, Wang Z, Yuan J, Wang X, Sun J, Tang B, Chen H, Ye P, Ding Z, Lu H, Wang Y, Wang X. MitoQ alleviates LPS-mediated acute lung injury through regulating Nrf2/Drp1 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:219-228. [PMID: 33539948 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been known to cause alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis and barrier breakdown that characterize acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We aimed to investigate whether mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, could alleviate LPS-induced AEC damage in ALI and its underlying mechanisms. In vitro studies in AEC A549 cell line, we noted that LPS could induce dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis and barrier breakdown, which could be reversed with MitoQ and mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 treatment. Moreover, the protective role of MitoQ was attenuated with Drp1 overexpression. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) downregulation could block the effect of MitoQ by decreasing the expression of Nrf2 target genes in LPS-treated AEC, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Nrf2 gene knockdown in LPS-treated A549 cells prevented the protective effect of MitoQ from decreasing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis and barrier breakdown. The lung protective effect of MitoQ by regulating the Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis and barrier breakdown was further confirmed in vivo with LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Additionally, the protective effect of MitoQ was inhibited by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. We therefore conclude that MitoQ exerts ALI-protective effects by preventing Nrf2/Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis as well as barrier breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lijun Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhankui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jixiong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Pengcheng Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhenmin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Huihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Yinglin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Fan H, Ding R, Liu W, Zhang X, Li R, Wei B, Su S, Jin F, Wei C, He X, Li X, Duan C. Heat shock protein 22 modulates NRF1/TFAM-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and DRP1-sparked mitochondrial apoptosis through AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway to alleviate the early brain injury of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101856. [PMID: 33472123 PMCID: PMC7816003 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely accepted as a detrimental factor in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI), which is eminently related to poor neurologic function outcome. Previous studies have revealed that enhancement of heat shock protein 22 (hsp22) under conditions of stress is a friendly mediator of mitochondrial homeostasis, oxidative stress and apoptosis, thus accelerating neurological recovery. However, no study has confirmed whether hsp22 attenuates mitochondrial stress and apoptosis in the setting of SAH-induced EBI. Our results indicated that endogenous hsp22, p-AMPK/AMPK, PGC1α, TFAM, Nrf1 and Drp1 were significantly upregulated in cortical neurons in response to SAH, accompanied by neurologic impairment, brain edema, neuronal degeneration, lower level of mtDNA and ATP, mitochondria-cytosol translocation of cytochrome c, oxidative injury and caspase 3-involved mitochondrial apoptosis. However, exogenous hsp22 maintained neurological function, reduced brain edema, improved oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, these effects were highly dependent on PGC1α-related mitochondrial biogenesis/fission, as evidenced by co-application of PGC1α siRNA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that blockade of AMPK with dorsomorphin also compromised the neuroprotective actions of hsp22, along with the alterations of PGC1α and its associated pathway molecules. These data revealed that hsp22 exerted neuroprotective effects by salvaging mitochondrial function in an AMPK-PGC1α dependent manner, which modulates TFAM/Nrf1-induced mitochondrial biogenesis with positive feedback and DRP1-triggered mitochondrial apoptosis with negative feedback, further reducing oxidative stress and brain injury. Boosting the biogenesis and repressing excessive fission of mitochondria by hsp22 may be an efficient treatment to relieve SAH-elicited EBI. Hsp22 is notably upregulated in neurons at 24 h after SAH. Hsp22 boosts the NRF1/TFAM-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. Hsp22 represses DRP1-sparked mitochondrial apoptosis. AMPK-PGC1α pathway is involved in hsp22-mediated neuroprotection after SAH. Modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and fission may be efficient for treating SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyang Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixing Su
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Fa Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengcong Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuying He
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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Ihenacho UK, Meacham KA, Harwig MC, Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Mitochondrial Fission Protein 1: Emerging Roles in Organellar Form and Function in Health and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660095. [PMID: 33841340 PMCID: PMC8027123 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) was identified in yeast as being essential for mitochondrial division or fission and subsequently determined to mediate human mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Yet, its exact functions in humans, especially in regard to mitochondrial fission, remains an enigma as genetic deletion of Fis1 elongates mitochondria in some cell types, but not others. Fis1 has also been identified as an important component of apoptotic and mitophagic pathways suggesting the protein may have multiple, essential roles. This review presents current perspectives on the emerging functions of Fis1 and their implications in human health and diseases, with an emphasis on Fis1's role in both endocrine and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Meacham
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael E. Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - R. Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Blake Hill,
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Park MR, Hwang IS, Kwak TU, Lim JH, Hwang S, Cho SK. Low expression of mitofusin 1 is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13430. [PMID: 32677174 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are necessary for the transition from oocyte to embryo and for early embryonic development. Mitofusin 1 is the main mediator of mitochondrial fusion and homeostasis. We investigated Mitofusin 1 expression levels in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The rate of blastocyst formation in SCNT embryos was reduced significantly compared with that of parthenogenetic activation embryos. SCNT embryos showed significantly decreased Mitofusin 1 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential, while exhibiting increased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Mitochondrial functional changes were observed in the SCNT embryos and may be correlated with low levels of Mitofusin 1 to negatively affect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ryung Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwak
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute (RICRI), College of Natural Science, Pusan University, Miryang, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Mitochondria are highly plastic and dynamic organelles that have graded responses to the changing cellular, environmental, and developmental cues. Mitochondria undergo constant mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, which coordinately control mitochondrial morphology, quantity, quality, turnover, and inheritance. Mitophagy is a cellular process that selectively removes the aged and damaged mitochondria via the specific sequestration and engulfment of mitochondria for subsequent lysosomal degradation. It plays a pivotal role in reinstating cellular homeostasis in normal physiology and conditions of stress. Damaged mitochondria may either instigate innate immunity through the overproduction of ROS or the release of mtDNA, or trigger cell death through the release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic factors when mitochondria damage is beyond repair. Distinct molecular machineries and signaling pathways are found to regulate these mitochondrial dynamics and behaviors. It is less clear how mitochondrial behaviors are coordinated at molecular levels. BCL2 family proteins interact within family members to regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. They were also described as global regulators of mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial fate through their interaction with distinct partners including Drp1, mitofusins, PGAM5, and even LC3 that involved mitochondrial dynamics and behaviors. In this review, we summarize recent findings on molecular pathways governing mitophagy and its coordination with other mitochondrial behaviors, which together determine cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the anti-apoptosis effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on lung injury (LI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its probable mechanisms. Methods One hundred and forty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: group A (control group), group B (cobalt protoporphyrin, CoPP), and group C [CoPP plus zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP)]. Lung tissues were harvested at different time: before CPB (T0), 0 min after CPB (T1), 2 h after CPB (T2), 6 h (T3), 12 h (T4), and 24 h (T5). Results The HO-1 protein expressions in lung tissue in group B were higher than those in group A and group C in any given time, and the same as HO-1 activity (P<0.05). The expressions of Bcl-2 protein in group B at all time point after bypass were higher than those in group A and group C, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Apoptosis index (AI) in group B at any time point after bypass were lower than those in group A and group C (P<0.05). Conclusions CoPP can significantly increase the expression of HO-1 protein in lung tissue. HO-1 is still highly expressed after CPB, so as to play an important part in anti-apoptosis, and reduce LI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haiqin Yang
- Department of Mental Intervention, Qingdao Preferential Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaozhuo Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Jaber SM, Yadava N, Polster BM. Mapping mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies by respirometry: Beyond the Mito Stress Test. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113282. [PMID: 32165258 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based respirometers, such as the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer, are valuable tools to assess the functionality of mitochondria within adherent neurons, as well as other cell types. The Mito Stress Test is the most frequently employed protocol of drug additions to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Sequential exposure of cells to an ATP synthase inhibitor such as oligomycin and an uncoupler such as FCCP cause changes in oxygen consumption rate that allow estimation of the cellular efficiency and capacity for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. While a useful first step in assessing whether an experimental treatment or genetic manipulation affects mitochondrial energetics, the Mito Stress Test does not identify specific sites of altered respiratory chain function. This article discusses limitations of the Mito Stress Test, proposes a refined protocol for comparing cell populations that requires independent drug titrations at multiple cell densities, and describes a stepwise series of respirometry-based assays that "map" locations of electron transport deficiency. These include strategies to test for cytochrome c release, to probe the functionality of specific electron transport chain complexes within intact or permeabilized cells, and to measure NADH oxidation by the linked activity of Complexes I, III, and IV. To illustrate utility, we show that although UK5099 and ABT-737 each decrease the spare respiratory capacity of cortical neurons, the stepwise assays reveal different underlying mechanisms consistent with their established drug targets: deficient Complex I substrate supply induced by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor UK5099 and cytochrome c release induced by the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein inhibitor ABT-737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sausan M Jaber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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13
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Wendt L, Vider J, Hoe LES, Du Toit E, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Complex Effects of Putative DRP-1 Inhibitors on Stress Responses in Mouse Heart and Rat Cardiomyoblasts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:95-106. [PMID: 31704803 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP-1)-dependent mitochondrial fission may influence cardiac tolerance to ischemic or oxidative stress, presenting a potential "cardioprotective" target. Effects of dynamin inhibitors [mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (MDIVI-1) and dynasore] on injury, mitochondrial function, and signaling proteins were assessed in distinct models: ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in mouse hearts and oxidative stress in rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Hearts exhibited substantial cell death [approx. 40 IU lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux] and dysfunction (approx. 40 mmHg diastolic pressure, approx. 40% contractile recovery) following 25 minutes' ischemia. Pretreatment with 1 μM MDIVI-1 reduced dysfunction (30 mmHg diastolic pressure, approx. 55% recovery) and delayed without reducing overall cell death, whereas 5 μM MDIVI-1 reduced overall death at the same time paradoxically exaggerating dysfunction. Postischemic expression of mitochondrial DRP-1 and phospho-activation of ERK1/2 were reduced by MDIVI-1. Conversely, 1 μM dynasore worsened cell death and reduced nonmitochondrial DRP-1. Postischemic respiratory fluxes were unaltered by MDIVI-1, although a 50% fall in complex-I flux control ratio was reversed. In H9c2 myoblasts stressed with 400 μM H2O2, treatment with 50 μM MDIVI-1 preserved metabolic (MTT assay) and mitochondrial (basal respiration) function without influencing survival. This was associated with differential signaling responses, including reduced early versus increased late phospho-activation of ERK1/2, increased phospho-activation of protein kinase B (AKT), and differential changes in determinants of autophagy [reduced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3b (LC3B-II/I) vs. increased Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2 (Parkin)] and apoptosis [reduced poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage vs. increased BCL2-associated X (BAX)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)]. These data show MDIVI-1 (not dynasore) confers some benefit during I-R/oxidative stress. However, despite mitochondrial and metabolic preservation, MDIVI-1 exerts mixed effects on cell death versus dysfunction, potentially reflecting differential changes in survival kinase, autophagy, and apoptosis pathways. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhibition of mitochondrial fission is a novel approach to still elusive cardioprotection. Assessing effects of fission inhibitors on responses to ischemic or oxidative stress in hearts and cardiomyoblasts reveals mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (MDIVI-1) and dynasore induce complex effects and limited cardioprotection. This includes differential impacts on death and dysfunction, survival kinases, and determinants of autophagy and apoptosis. Although highlighting the interconnectedness of fission and these key processes, results suggest MDIVI-1 and dynasore may be of limited value in the quest for effective cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wendt
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Eugene Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (L.W., J.V., E.D.T., J.N.P., J.P.H.) and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia (L.E.S.H.)
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Shan Y, Sun S, Yang F, Shang N, Liu H. Dexmedetomidine protects the developing rat brain against the neurotoxicity wrought by sevoflurane: role of autophagy and Drp1-Bax signaling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3617-3624. [PMID: 30464393 PMCID: PMC6214411 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of sevoflurane on the nervous system is controversial. As an adjuvant anesthetic, dexmedetomidine has a protective role in various nerve-injury diseases. We investigated the effect of dexmedetomidine on injury to the developing brain induced by sevoflurane anesthesia, and if autophagy and mitochondrial damage are involved in the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine. METHODS Pregnant rats on gestational day 20 were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 4 hours. Saline and dexmedetomidine were injected intraperitoneally 15 minutes before exposure to sevoflurane or control gas. Bilateral hippocampi were harvested on postnatal day 1. Hippocampal morphology was observed by Nissl staining and expression of the microtubule-related protein LC3I/II, p62, Drp1, Bax, and Bcl2 were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Nissl staining showed that sevoflurane anesthesia during the third trimester caused neuronal damage to the hippocampi of rat pups. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that pregnant rats exposed to sevoflurane during the third trimester led to pups having increased expression of LC3 and p62, suggesting that sevoflurane blocked autophagic flow in the hippocampus. Expression of Drp1 and Bax was increased after sevoflurane exposure, whereas Bcl2 expression was downregulated. All these effects were alleviated by pretreatment with dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane exposure during the third trimester caused neurological injury to rat pups. Autophagy and abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics were involved in this neurotoxic process and were antagonized by dexmedetomidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Respiration, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, 110003, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China, ,Correspondence: Hongtao Liu, Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China, Email
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Mukherjee N, Strosnider A, Vagher B, Lambert KA, Slaven S, Robinson WA, Amato CM, Couts KL, Bemis JGT, Turner JA, Norris DA, Shellman YG. BH3 mimetics induce apoptosis independent of DRP-1 in melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:907. [PMID: 30185782 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent advancement in treating melanoma, options are still limited for patients without BRAF mutations or in relapse from current treatments. BH3 mimetics against members of the BCL-2 family have gained excitement with the recent success in hematological malignancies. However, single drug BH3 mimetic therapy in melanoma has limited effectiveness due to escape by the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 and/or survival of melanoma-initiating cells (MICs). We tested the efficacy of the BH3 mimetic combination of A-1210477 (an MCL-1 inhibitor) and ABT-263 (a BCL-2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor) in killing melanoma, especially MICs. We also sought to better define Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (DRP-1)'s role in melanoma; DRP-1 is known to interact with members of the BCL-2 family and is a possible therapeutic target for melanoma treatment. We used multiple assays (cell viability, apoptosis, bright field, immunoblot, and sphere formation), as well as the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing techniques. For clinical relevance, we employed patient samples of different mutation status, including some relapsed from current treatments such as anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. We found the BH3 mimetic combination kill both the MICs and non-MICs (bulk of melanoma) in all cell lines and patient samples irrespective of the mutation status or relapsed state (p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the major pro-apoptotic proteins, NOXA and BIM, are not necessary for the combination-induced cell death. Furthermore, the combination impedes the activation of DRP-1, and inhibition of DRP-1 further enhances apoptosis (p < 0.05). DRP-1 effects in melanoma differ from those seen in other cancer cells. These results provide new insights into BCL-2 family's regulation of the apoptotic pathway in melanoma, and suggest that inhibiting the major anti-apoptotic proteins is sufficient to induce cell death even without involvement from major pro-apoptotic proteins. Importantly, our study also indicates that DRP-1 inhibition is a promising adjuvant for BH3 mimetics in melanoma treatment.
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16
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Jiang C, Li S, Li Y, Bai Y. Anticancer Effects of Dihydroartemisinin on Human Esophageal Cancer Cells In Vivo. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:8759745. [PMID: 29888170 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8759745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in chemotherapy and surgical resection, the 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer still remains at the low level. Therefore, it is very important to discover a new agent to improve the life expectancy of patients with esophageal cancer. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, has recently exhibited promising anticancer activity against various cancer cells. But so far, the specific mechanism remains unclear. We have previously demonstrated that DHA reduced viability of esophageal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, we extended our study to further observe the efficacy of DHA on esophageal cancer cells in vivo. In the present study, for the first time, we found that DHA significantly inhibits cell proliferation in xenografted tumor compared with the control. The mechanism was that DHA induced cell apoptosis in both human esophageal cancer cell lines Eca109 and Ec9706 in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that DHA was a promising agent against esophageal cancer in the clinical treatment.
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Li Y, Zhang D, Yu K, Hu Y, Wu Q, Qian F, Wang Z. CMPD1 inhibited human gastric cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Biol Res 2018; 51:11. [PMID: 29661232 PMCID: PMC5901880 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer occupies the fourth highest morbidity rate of cancers worldwide. Clinical therapies of gastric cancer remain limited because of uncertainty of mechanisms and shortness of effective medicine. Thus, new drug candidates for gastric cancer treatment is urgently needed. Results In this study, CMPD1 as a wildly used MK2 phosphorylation inhibitor was employed to find its impact on gastric cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle using colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis. Along with its anti-proliferation effect on gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 and SGC7901, CMPD1 also induced massive apoptosis and significant G2/M phase arrest in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in MKN-45 cells respectively. Furthermore, Western blot confirmed that the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 was decreased while BAX, cytochrome c release and cleaved PARP were increased. In addition, oncogene c-Myc was downregulated in response to CMPD1 treatment. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that CMPD1 has anti-tumor effect on human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 possibly via downregulating oncogene c-Myc expression and CMPD1 could be applied as a potential candidate for treating gastric malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of anti-tumor effect of CMPD-1 on human gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qian
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Gao J, Luo A, Yan J, Fang X, Tang X, Zhao Y, Li S. Mdivi-1 pretreatment mitigates isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in developmental rats. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:432-443. [PMID: 29511437 PMCID: PMC5835808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that general anesthetics can cause acute neuroapoptosis and long-term cognitive deficit in models exposed to anesthetics during the brain growth-spurt period. Anesthetics-induced imbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission preceded and contributed to developmental neuroapoptosis. Accordingly, the imbalance was accompanied by activation of dynamin-related protein (Drp)1 which was closely associated with synaptic degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the neuroprotective role of mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1) in neurodegeneration and stroke, we set out to examine whether mdivi-1 can mitigate developmental neurotoxicity induced by isoflurane. In the present study, we showed that 2% isoflurane exposure for 2 h triggered Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 656 and increased translocation of Drp1 and Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, concomitant with cytochrome C leakage into the cytosol. Remarkably, pretreatment with mdivi-1 not only alleviated isoflurane-induced disturbed mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and Bax and almost restored morphological changes, but also inhibited cytochrome C release, caspase9 and caspase3 activation in hippocampi. Furthermore, mdivi-1 mitigated the loss of synaptic proteins and long-lasting cognitive deficit in later life of rats neonatally exposed to isoflurane. Taken together, isoflurane-induced Drp1 activation and translocation led to excessive mitochondrial fission and subsequently contributed to the synaptic injury and long-term cognitive impairment. However, mdivi-1 pretreatment prevented Drp1-dependent excessive mitochondrial fission and mitigated neuro-apoptosis and synaptic injury, and improved the long-term cognitive function. Thus mdivi-1 holds far-reaching insight for prophylaxis of developmental neurotoxicity induced by isoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaole Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Kim YY, Yun SH, Yun J. Downregulation of Drp1, a fission regulator, is associated with human lung and colon cancers. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:209-215. [PMID: 29329364 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a dynamin-related GTPase, is a key regulator of mitochondrial fission. Although recent studies have shown that Drp1 plays important roles in various important cellular processes, such as maintaining proper mitochondrial function, apoptosis and necrosis, the potential involvement of Drp1 in cancer development has not been fully addressed. To explore the role of Drp1 in cancer, we examined Drp1 levels in various human cancer tissues. Tissue array analysis showed that the level of Drp1 was decreased significantly in malignant colon and lung cancer tissues, whereas no change in Drp1 was observed in breast and prostate tumors. Pairwise comparisons of cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue from colon and lung cancer patients further confirmed decreases in Drp1 expression of 75% in colon cancer patients and 78% in lung cancer patients. Moreover, Drp1 levels were decreased further with advanced grade in both colon and lung cancers, suggesting that loss of Drp1 is associated with the progression of human lung and colon cancer. Consistent with this observation, knockdown of Drp1 increased cellular migration activity in human lung cancer cells and tumor formation in a xenograft tumor model. Taken together, these results suggest that the loss of Drp1 expression could contribute to the development of human lung and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Repuplic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Repuplic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Repuplic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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Shafran Y, Zurgil N, Ravid-Hermesh O, Sobolev M, Afrimzon E, Hakuk Y, Shainberg A, Deutsch M. Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108890-108911. [PMID: 29312577 PMCID: PMC5752490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-induced apoptosis has become a successful treatment for postmenopausal metastatic, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nitric oxide involvement in the response to this endocrine treatment and its influence upon estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progression is still unclear. Nitric oxide impact on the MCF7 breast cancer line, before and after estrogen-induced apoptosis, was investigated in 3D culture systems using unique live-cell imaging methodologies. Spheroids were established from MCF7 cells vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis, before and after exposure to estrogen. Spheroids derived from estrogen-treated cells exhibited extensive apoptosis levels with downregulation of estrogen receptor expression, low proliferation rate and reduced metabolic activity, unlike spheroids derived from non-treated cells. In addition to basic phenotypic differences, these two cell cluster types are diverse in their reactions to exogenous nitric oxide. A dual effect of nitric oxide was observed in the breast cancer phenotype sensitive to estrogen-induced apoptosis. Nitric oxide, at the nanomolar level, induced cell proliferation, high metabolic activity, downregulation of estrogen receptor and enhanced collective invasion, contributing to a more aggressive phenotype. Following hormone supplementation, breast cancer 3D clusters were rescued from estrogen-induced apoptosis by these low nitric oxide-donor concentrations, since nitric oxide attenuates cell death levels, upregulates survivin expression and increases metabolic activity. Higher nitric oxide concentrations (100nM) inhibited cell growth, metabolism and promoted apoptosis. These results suggest that nitric oxide, in nanomolar concentrations, may inhibit estrogen-induced apoptosis, playing a major role in hormonal therapy. Inhibiting nitric oxide activity may benefit breast cancer patients and ultimately reduce tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Shafran
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Naomi Zurgil
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Orit Ravid-Hermesh
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Maria Sobolev
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Elena Afrimzon
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yaron Hakuk
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Mordechai Deutsch
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and Technology of the Cellome, Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Prudent J, McBride HM. The mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum contact sites: a signalling platform for cell death. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 47:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sivakumar A, Subbiah R, Balakrishnan R, Rajendhran J. Cardiac mitochondrial dynamics: miR-mediated regulation during cardiac injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:26-34. [PMID: 28705612 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial integrity is indispensable for cardiac health. With the advent of modern imaging technologies, mitochondrial motility and dynamics within the cell are extensively studied. Terminally differentiated and well-structured cardiomyocytes depict little mitochondrial division and fusion, questioning the contribution of mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mitofusin 1/2 and Optic Atrophy 1 protein) and fission factors (Dynamin-like protein 1 and mitochondrial fission 1 protein) in cardiomyocyte homeostasis. Emerging evidences suggest that alterations in mitochondrial morphology from globular, elongated network to punctate fragmented disconnected structures are a pathological response to ensuing cardiac stress and cardiomyocyte cell death, bringing forth the following question, "what maintains this balance between fusion and fission?" The answer hinges upon the classical "junk" DNA: microRNAs, the endogenous non-coding RNAs. Because of their essential role in numerous signaling pathways, microRNAs are considered to play major roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Mitochondria are not exempted from microRNA-mediated regulation. This review defines the importance of mitochondrial structural integrity and the microRNA-mitochondrial dynamics tandem, an imminent dimension of the cardiac homeostasis network. Elucidating their coordinated interaction could spur RNA-based therapeutics for resuscitating functional mitochondrial population during cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Sivakumar
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbiah
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Rekha Balakrishnan
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bordt EA, Clerc P, Roelofs BA, Saladino AJ, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V, Cherok E, Khalil A, Yadava N, Ge SX, Francis TC, Kennedy NW, Picton LK, Kumar T, Uppuluri S, Miller AM, Itoh K, Karbowski M, Sesaki H, Hill RB, Polster BM. The Putative Drp1 Inhibitor mdivi-1 Is a Reversible Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor that Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species. Dev Cell 2017; 40:583-594.e6. [PMID: 28350990 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission mediated by the GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an attractive drug target in numerous maladies that range from heart disease to neurodegenerative disorders. The compound mdivi-1 is widely reported to inhibit Drp1-dependent fission, elongate mitochondria, and mitigate brain injury. Here, we show that mdivi-1 reversibly inhibits mitochondrial complex I-dependent O2 consumption and reverse electron transfer-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at concentrations (e.g., 50 μM) used to target mitochondrial fission. Respiratory inhibition is rescued by bypassing complex I using yeast NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1. Unexpectedly, respiratory impairment by mdivi-1 occurs without mitochondrial elongation, is not mimicked by Drp1 deletion, and is observed in Drp1-deficient fibroblasts. In addition, mdivi-1 poorly inhibits recombinant Drp1 GTPase activity (Ki > 1.2 mM). Overall, these results suggest that mdivi-1 is not a specific Drp1 inhibitor. The ability of mdivi-1 to reversibly inhibit complex I and modify mitochondrial ROS production may contribute to effects observed in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Pascaline Clerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian A Roelofs
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrew J Saladino
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - László Tretter
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Edward Cherok
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shealinna X Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nolan W Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tanya Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sruti Uppuluri
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexandrea M Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Hu C, Huang Y, Li L. Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission Plays Critical Roles in Physiological and Pathological Progresses in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E144. [PMID: 28098754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research has demonstrated that mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and function are maintained by the balanced regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion, and perturbation of the homeostasis between these processes has been related to cell or organ dysfunction and abnormal mitochondrial redistribution. Abnormal mitochondrial fusion induces the fragmentation of mitochondria from a tubular morphology into pieces; in contrast, perturbed mitochondrial fission results in the fusion of adjacent mitochondria. A member of the dynamin family of large GTPases, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), effectively influences cell survival and apoptosis by mediating the mitochondrial fission process in mammals. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission is an intricate process regulating both cellular and organ dynamics, including development, apoptosis, acute organ injury, and various diseases. Only after clarification of the regulative mechanisms of this critical protein in vivo and in vitro will it set a milestone for preventing mitochondrial fission related pathological processes and refractory diseases.
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Kim DI, Lee KH, Oh JY, Kim JS, Han HJ. Relationship Between β-Amyloid and Mitochondrial Dynamics. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:955-968. [PMID: 27766447 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria as dynamic organelles undergo morphological changes through the processes of fission and fusion which are major factors regulating their functions. A disruption in the balance of mitochondrial dynamics induces functional disorders in mitochondria such as failed energy production and the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are closely related to pathophysiological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics and impaired mitochondrial function, clarifying the effects of morphofunctional aberrations which promote neuronal cell death in AD. Several possible signaling pathways have been suggested for a better understanding of the mechanism behind the key molecules regulating mitochondrial morphologies. However, the exact machinery involved in mitochondrial dynamics still has yet to be elucidated. This paper reviews the current knowledge on signaling mechanisms involved in mitochondrial dynamics and the significance of mitochondrial dynamics in controlling associated functions in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah Ihm Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Wang P, Wang P, Liu B, Zhao J, Pang Q, Agrawal SG, Jia L, Liu FT. Dynamin-related protein Drp1 is required for Bax translocation to mitochondria in response to irradiation-induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22598-612. [PMID: 26093086 PMCID: PMC4673185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax from the cytosol to the mitochondria is a crucial step in DNA damage-mediated apoptosis, and is also found to be involved in mitochondrial fragmentation. Irradiation-induced cytochrome c release and apoptosis was associated with Bax activation, but not mitochondrial fragmentation. Both Bax and Drp1 translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondria in response to irradiation. However, Drp1 mitochondrial translocation and oligomerization did not require Bax, and failed to induce apoptosis in Bax deficient diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Using fluorescent microscopy and the intensity correlation analysis, we demonstrated that Bax and Drp1 were colocalized and the levels of colocalization were increased by UV irradiation. Using co-immuno-precipitation, we confirmed that Bax and Drp1 were binding partners. Irradiation induced a time-associated increase in the interaction between active Bax and Drp1. Knocking down Drp1 using siRNA blocked UV irradiation-mediated Bax mitochondrial translocation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate for the first time, that Drp1 is required for Bax mitochondrial translocation, but Drp1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation alone is not sufficient to induce apoptosis in DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiguo Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Becky Liu
- East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingsong Pang
- Department of Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Samir G Agrawal
- Pathology Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Jia
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feng-Ting Liu
- Department of Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Banerjee K, Munshi S, Xu H, Frank DE, Chen HL, Chu CT, Yang J, Cho S, Kagan VE, Denton TT, Tyurina YY, Jiang JF, Gibson GE. Mild mitochondrial metabolic deficits by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibition cause prominent changes in intracellular autophagic signaling: Potential role in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2016; 96:32-45. [PMID: 26923918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain activities of the mitochondrial enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) are reduced in Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The goal of the present study was to test the consequences of mild impairment of KGDHC on the structure, protein signaling and dynamics (mitophagy, fusion, fission, biogenesis) of the mitochondria. Inhibition of KGDHC reduced its in situ activity by 23-53% in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, but neither altered the mitochondrial membrane potential nor the ATP levels at any tested time-points. The attenuated KGDHC activity increased translocation of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) from the cytosol to the mitochondria, and promoted mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Inhibition of KGDHC also increased the negative surface charges (anionic phospholipids as assessed by Annexin V binding) on the mitochondria. Morphological assessments of the mitochondria revealed increased fission and mitophagy. Taken together, our results suggest the existence of the regulation of the mitochondrial dynamism including fission and fusion by the mitochondrial KGDHC activity via the involvement of the cytosolic and mitochondrial protein signaling molecules. A better understanding of the link among mild impairment of metabolism, induction of mitophagy/autophagy and altered protein signaling will help to identify new mechanisms of neurodegeneration and reveal potential new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpita Banerjee
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Munshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - David E Frank
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Huan-Lian Chen
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jiwon Yang
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Sunghee Cho
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jian Fei Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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Roelofs BA, Ge SX, Studlack PE, Polster BM. Low micromolar concentrations of the superoxide probe MitoSOX uncouple neural mitochondria and inhibit complex IV. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:250-8. [PMID: 26057935 PMCID: PMC4554824 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MitoSOX Red is a fluorescent probe used for the detection of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by live cell imaging. The lipophilic, positively charged triphenylphosphonium moiety within MitoSOX concentrates the superoxide-sensitive dihydroethidium conjugate within the mitochondrial matrix. Here we investigated whether common MitoSOX imaging protocols influence mitochondrial bioenergetic function in primary rat cortical neurons and microglial cell lines. MitoSOX dose-dependently uncoupled neuronal respiration, whether present continuously in the assay medium or washed following a ten minute loading protocol. Concentrations of 5-10μM MitoSOX caused severe loss of ATP synthesis-linked respiration. Redistribution of MitoSOX to the cytoplasm and nucleus occurred concomitant to mitochondrial uncoupling. MitoSOX also dose-dependently decreased the maximal respiration rate and this impairment could not be rescued by delivery of a complex IV specific substrate, revealing complex IV inhibition. As in neurons, loading microglial cells with MitoSOX at low micromolar concentrations resulted in uncoupled mitochondria with reduced respiratory capacity whereas submicromolar MitoSOX had no adverse effects. The MitoSOX parent compound dihydroethidium also caused mitochondrial uncoupling and respiratory inhibition at low micromolar concentrations. However, these effects were abrogated by pre-incubating dihydroethidium with cation exchange beads to remove positively charged oxidation products, which would otherwise by sequestered by polarized mitochondria. Collectively, our results suggest that the matrix accumulation of MitoSOX or dihydroethidium oxidation products causes mitochondrial uncoupling and inhibition of complex IV. Because MitoSOX is inherently capable of causing severe mitochondrial dysfunction with the potential to alter superoxide production, its use therefore requires careful optimization in imaging protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Roelofs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Shealinna X Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR)
| | - Paige E Studlack
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.
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Ogundele OM, Sanya OJ. Bax modulates neuronal survival while p53 is unaltered after Cytochrome C induced oxidative stress in the adult olfactory bulb in vivo. Ann Neurosci 2015; 22:19-25. [PMID: 26124546 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.220105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The granule and periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb migrate from the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) as progenitor cell forming the neuronal stream of the rostral olfactory bulb. These cells are characterized by their ability to divide while expressing adult proteins; a phenomenon attributed to the prolonged cell cycle and the regulatory activities of proteins which modulates apoptosis and proliferation in the developing nervous system. Of interest are the proteins concerned with tumor suppression (p53) and cell cycle exit (Bax) and how they regulate survivability of these neurons in the adult system after an induced oxidative stress. Purpose This study sets to investigate the interplay between p53 and Bax in the adult olfactory bulb (periglomerular and granule cell layer), and how these proteins determine proliferation and neuronal survival after Cytochrome C induced-oxidative stress. Also, we demonstrate the effect of the induced-stress threshold on such regulation in vivo. Methods Adult Wistar rats were segregated into three groups. 10 and 20 mg/Kg BW of potassium cyanide (KCN) was administered to the treatment groups for 15 days while the control received normal saline for the same duration. The olfactory bulb was dissected and processed for general histology and immunohistochemistry of p53/Bax in the periglomerular and granule cell layers. Total (Histology) and immunopositive (p53 and Bax) cell count was done using Image J. Subsequently, we determined the analysis of variance with significance set at *P<0.05. Results We observed an increase in cell count for the 10 mg/KgBW treatment; this was characterized by a significant decrease in Bax expression and no change in p53 expression when this treatment group was compared to the control. However, no change was observed in the total cell count for 20 mg/Kg BW treatment for the same duration of exposure. Interestingly, there was also no significant change in Bax and p53 for this treatment when compared with the control. Conclusion Although p53 plays an important role in development of the olfactory bulb neurons, our findings suggests it has little contribution in neuronal cell viability and proliferation in the adult olfactory bulb. No significant change in p53 was observed irrespective of treatment dose and cell count while Bax expression was reduced at 10 mg/Kg BW treatment and was associated with an increased cell count. We conclude that regulation of survival of neurons in the adult olfactory bulb, following induced-oxidative stress was more dependent of the expression of Bax and the threshold of the induced stress rather than p53 expression.
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Banerjee K, Munshi S, Frank DE, Gibson GE. Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease: Relation to Autophagy/Mitophagy and Therapeutic Approaches. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2557-69. [PMID: 26077923 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diminished glucose metabolism accompanies many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the relation of these metabolic changes to the disease will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies. Following a metabolic challenge, cells generally conserve energy to preserve viability. This requires activation of many cellular repair/regenerative processes such as mitophagy/autophagy and fusion/fission. These responses may diminish cell function in the long term. Prolonged fission induces mitophagy/autophagy which promotes repair but if prolonged progresses to mitochondrial degradation. Abnormal glucose metabolism alters protein signaling including the release of proteins from the mitochondria or migration of proteins from the cytosol to the mitochondria or nucleus. This overview provides an insight into the different mechanisms of autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in response to the diminished metabolism that occurs with diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The review discusses multiple aspects of mitochondrial responses including different signaling proteins and pathways of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Improving cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics will alter protein signaling and improve cellular/mitochondrial repair and regeneration. An understanding of these changes will suggest new therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
While the mitochondrion has long fascinated biologists and the sheer diversity of druggable targets has made it attractive for potential drug development, there has been little success translatable to the clinic. Given the diversity of inborn errors of metabolism and mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrially mediated oxidative stress (myopathies, reperfusion injury, Parkinson's disease, ageing) and the consequences of disturbed energetics (circulatory shock, diabetes, cancer), the potential for meaningful gain with novel drugs targeting mitochondrial mechanisms is huge both in terms of patient quality of life and health care costs. In this themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, we highlight the key directions of the contemporary advances in the field of mitochondrial biology, emerging drug targets and new molecules which are close to clinical application. Authors' contributions are diverse both in terms of species and organs in which the mitochondrially related studies are performed, and from the perspectives of mechanisms under study. Defined roles of mitochondria in disease are updated and previously unknown contributions to disease are described in terms of the interface between basic science and pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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