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Brennan C, Chan K, Kumar T, Maissy E, Brubaker L, Dothard MI, Gilbert JA, Gilbert KE, Lewis AL, Thackray VG, Zarrinpar A, Knight R. Harnessing the power within: engineering the microbiome for enhanced gynecologic health. Reprod Fertil 2024; 5:e230060. [PMID: 38513356 PMCID: PMC11046331 DOI: 10.1530/raf-23-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphical abstract Abstract Although numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of microbiome manipulation on human health, research on the microbiome's influence on female health remains relatively limited despite substantial disease burden. In light of this, we present a selected review of clinical trials and preclinical studies targeting both the vaginal and gut microbiomes for the prevention or treatment of various gynecologic conditions. Specifically, we explore studies that leverage microbiota transplants, probiotics, prebiotics, diet modifications, and engineered microbial strains. A healthy vaginal microbiome for females of reproductive age consists of lactic acid-producing bacteria predominantly of the Lactobacillus genus, which serves as a protective barrier against pathogens and maintains a balanced ecosystem. The gut microbiota's production of short-chain fatty acids, metabolism of primary bile acids, and modulation of sex steroid levels have significant implications for the interplay between host and microbes throughout the body, ultimately impacting reproductive health. By harnessing interventions that modulate both the vaginal and gut microbiomes, it becomes possible to not only maintain homeostasis but also mitigate pathological conditions. While the field is still working toward making broad clinical recommendations, the current studies demonstrate that manipulating the microbiome holds great potential for addressing diverse gynecologic conditions. Lay summary Manipulating the microbiome has recently entered popular culture, with various diets thought to aid the microbes that live within us. These microbes live in different locations of our body and accordingly help us digest food, modulate our immune system, and influence reproductive health. The role of the microbes living in and influencing the female reproductive tract remains understudied despite known roles in common conditions such as vulvovaginal candidiasis (affecting 75% of females in their lifetime), bacterial vaginosis (25% of females in their lifetime), cervical HPV infection (80% of females in their lifetime), endometriosis (6-10% of females of reproductive age), and polycystic ovary syndrome (10-12% of females of reproductive age). Here, we review four different approaches used to manipulate the female reproductive tract and gastrointestinal system microbiomes: microbiota transplants, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions, and the use of engineered microbial strains. In doing so, we aim to stimulate discussion on new ways to understand and treat female reproductive health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kristina Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tanya Kumar
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Erica Maissy
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marisol I Dothard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Katharine E Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Varykina G Thackray
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Jennifer Moreno Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kumar T, Bryant M, Cantrell K, Song SJ, McDonald D, Tubb HM, Farmer S, Lewis A, Lukacz ES, Brubaker L, Knight R. Effects of variation in sample storage conditions and swab order on 16S vaginal microbiome analyses. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0371223. [PMID: 38095462 PMCID: PMC10783137 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03712-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The composition of the human vaginal microbiome has been linked to a variety of medical conditions including yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and sexually transmitted infection. The vaginal microbiome is becoming increasingly acknowledged as a key factor in personal health, and it is essential to establish methods to collect and process accurate samples with self-collection techniques to allow large, population-based studies. In this study, we investigate if using AssayAssure Genelock, a nucleic acid preservative, introduces microbial biases in self-collected vaginal samples. To our knowledge, we also contribute some of the first evidence regarding the impacts of multiple swabs taken at one time point. Vaginal samples have relatively low biomass, so the ability to collect multiple swabs from a unique participant at a single time would greatly improve the replicability and data available for future studies. This will hopefully lay the groundwork to gain a more complete and accurate understanding of the vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Kumar
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kalen Cantrell
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Se Jin Song
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Helena M. Tubb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amanda Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emily S. Lukacz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kumar T, Harish AV, Etcheverry S, Margulis W, Laurell F, Russom A. Lab-in-a-fiber-based integrated particle separation and counting. Lab Chip 2023; 23:2286-2293. [PMID: 37070926 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An all-fiber integrated device capable of separating and counting particles is presented. A sequence of silica fiber capillaries with various diameters and longitudinal cavities are used to fabricate the component for size-based elasto-inertial passive separation of particles followed by detection in an uninterrupted continuous flow. Experimentally, fluorescent particles of 1 μm and 10 μm sizes are mixed in a visco-elastic fluid and fed into the all-fiber separation component. The particles are sheathed by an elasticity enhancer (PEO - polyethylene oxide) to the side walls. Larger 10 μm particles migrate to the center of the silica capillary due to the combined inertial lift force and elastic force, while the smaller 1 μm particles are unaffected, and exit from a side capillary. A separation efficiency of 100% for the 10 μm and 97% for the 1 μm particles is achieved at a total flow rate of 50 μL min-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time effective inertial-based separation has been demonstrated in circular cross-section microchannels. In the following step, the separated 10 μm particles are routed through another all-fiber component for counting and a counting throughput of ∼1400 particles per min is demonstrated. We anticipate the ability to combine high throughput separation and precise 3D control of particle position for ease of counting will aid in the development of advanced microflow cytometers capable of particle separation and quantification for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kumar
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for life laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
| | - A V Harish
- Laser Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Etcheverry
- Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Margulis
- Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Laurell
- Laser Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Russom
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for life laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
- AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kumar T, Bryant M, Cantrell K, Song SJ, McDonald D, Tubb HM, Farmer S, Lukacz ES, Brubaker L, Knight R. Effects of Variation in Urine Sample Storage Conditions on 16S Urogenital Microbiome Analyses. mSystems 2023; 8:e0102922. [PMID: 36475896 PMCID: PMC9948722 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01029-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicability is a well-established challenge in microbiome research with a variety of contributing factors at all stages, from sample collection to code execution. Here, we focus on voided urine sample storage conditions for urogenital microbiome analysis. Using urine samples collected from 10 adult females, we investigated the microbiome preservation efficacy of AssayAssure Genelock (Genelock), compared with no preservative, under different temperature conditions. We varied temperature over 48 h in order to examine the impact of conditions samples may experience with home voided urine collection and shipping to a central biorepository. The following common lab and shipping conditions were investigated: -20°C, ambient temperature, 4°C, freeze-thaw cycle, and heat cycle. At 48 h, all samples were stored at -80°C until processing. After generating 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data using the highly sensitive KatharoSeq protocol, we observed individual variation in both alpha and beta diversity metrics below interhuman differences, corroborating reports of individual microbiome variability in other specimen types. While there was no significant difference in beta diversity when comparing Genelock versus no preservative, we did observe a higher concordance with Genelock samples shipped at colder temperatures (-20°C and 4°C) when compared with the samples shipped at -20°C without preservative. Our results indicate that Genelock does not introduce a significant amount of microbial bias when used on a range of temperatures and is most effective at colder temperatures. IMPORTANCE The urogenital microbiome is an understudied yet important human microbiome niche. Research has been stimulated by the relatively recent discovery that urine is not sterile; urinary tract microbes have been linked to health problems, including urinary infections, incontinence, and cancer. The quality of life and economic impact of UTIs and urgency incontinence alone are enormous, with $3.5 billion and $82.6 billion, respectively, spent in the United States. annually. Given the low biomass of urine, novelty of the field, and limited reproducibility evidence, it is critical to study urine sample storage conditions to optimize scientific rigor. Efficient and reliable preservation methods inform methods for home self-sample collection and shipping, increasing the potential use in larger-scale studies. Here, we examined both buffer and temperature variation effects on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing results from urogenital samples, providing data on the consequences of common storage methods on urogenital microbiome results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Kumar
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kalen Cantrell
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Se Jin Song
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Helena M. Tubb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sawyer Farmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emily S. Lukacz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kumar T, Virador GM, Brahmbhatt P, Bhatt AA, Middlebrooks EH, Desai A, Agarwal A, Vibhute P, Gupta V. High-Resolution 7T MR Imaging of the Trochlear Nerve. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:186-191. [PMID: 36657953 PMCID: PMC9891327 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The trochlear nerve has traditionally been difficult to identify on MR imaging. The advent of 7T MR imaging promises to greatly benefit visualization of small structures due to gains in the signal-to-noise ratio allowing improved spatial resolution. We investigated the utility of a clinically feasible ultra-high-resolution 7T MR imaging protocol for identification of the trochlear nerve, as well as assessment of normal trochlear nerve anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coronal high-resolution 2D T2-weighted TSE images used in a 7T epilepsy protocol of 50 subjects at our institution were reviewed by 2 independent radiologists for visualization of the trochlear nerve at the nerve origin and cisternal, tentorial, and cavernous segments. The frequency of nerve visibility within these segments and their anatomy were documented, and disagreements were resolved by joint review. RESULTS Of the 100 nerves reviewed in 50 subjects, at least 2 segments of the trochlear nerve from the brainstem to the cavernous sinus were identified in 100% of cases. The origins from the brainstem and cisternal segment were visible in 65% and 93% of nerves, respectively. The trochlear nerve was identified at the trochlear groove in 100% of cases and in the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus in 74% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Coronal high-resolution 2D TSE at 7T reliably identified the trochlear nerve throughout its course and is a promising tool for imaging patients with suspected trochlear nerve pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kumar
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - G M Virador
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - P Brahmbhatt
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - A A Bhatt
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - E H Middlebrooks
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - A Desai
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - A Agarwal
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - P Vibhute
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - V Gupta
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Kumar T, Mishra PK. Vikaspur Knowledge Centre: Micro-Politics in a Community-Based Organization. Asian Journal of Management Cases 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09728201221148273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge centres (KC) established by Development Research Foundation (DRF) were part of an ambitious project to disseminate valuable information to the rural masses. The KCs purpose was to bridge the digital divide, which was supposed to be run by the local community. The Vikaspur KC initiative had a lot of potentials, but due to local politics and conflict among a few stakeholders, it faced many problems. The differences among the volunteers were the core issues that ultimately led to the lockout of the KC. There was a lack of proper managerial structure at the ground level. The local village dynamics also influenced this issue. The political structures and dynamics also influenced the conflict at the Vikaspur KC at the micro-level (village level) and the meso-level (provincial level).
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kumar
- School of Rural Management, XIM University, Bhubaneswar, New Campus, Harirajpur, Odisha, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- School of Rural Management, XIM University, Bhubaneswar, New Campus, Harirajpur, Odisha, India
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Verma A, Jain P, Kumar T. An Effective Depression Diagnostic System Using Speech Signal Analysis Through Deep Learning Methods. INT J ARTIF INTELL T 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218213023400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Scilipoti P, Fossati N, Mazzone E, Karnes J, Boorjian S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Chiorda BN, Robesti D, Cirulli G, Gandaglia G, Suardi N, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Berghen C, Joniau S, Stabile A, Cucchiara V, van Poppel H, De Meerleer G, Karakiewicz P, Wiegel T, Montorsi F, Briganti A. Development and validation of a novel nomogram predicting long-term progression in patients treated with early salvage radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: the key role of PSA kinetics. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fossati N, Mazzone E, Karnes R, Boorjian S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Noris Chiorda B, Robesti D, Stabile A, Gandaglia G, Suardi N, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Joniau S, Van Poppel H, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Karakiewicz P, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. Development and validation of a novel nomogram predicting long-term progression in patients treated with early salvage radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: The key role of PSA kinetics. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singh S, Dutta S, Khasbage S, Kumar T, Sachin J, Sharma J, Varthya SB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Romosozumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1-12. [PMID: 34432115 PMCID: PMC9003152 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to illustrate the effect of Romosozumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Romosozumab decreased the incidence of vertebral, nonvertebral, and clinical fractures significantly. In addition, decreased incidence of falls and increased bone mineral density at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was observed. Romosozumab is a monoclonal antibody that acts against the sclerostin pathway leading to enhanced bone formation and reduced bone resorption in patients with osteoporosis. Electronic search was performed on Medline (via PubMed), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinicaltrials.gov, till May 2020, for RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of Romosozumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis. RCTs evaluating the effect of Romosozumab on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Meta-analysis was performed by Cochrane review manager 5 (RevMan) version 5.3. Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool and GRADE pro-GDT were applied for methodological quality and overall evidence quality, respectively. One hundred seventy-nine studies were screened, and 10 eligible studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 6137 patients in romosozumab group and 5732 patients in control group. Romosozumab significantly reduced the incidence of vertebral fractures [OR = 0.43 (95%CI = 0.35-0.52), High-quality evidence], nonvertebral fractures [OR = 0.78 (95%CI = 0.66-0.92), High quality], and clinical fractures [OR = 0.70 (95%CI = 0.60-0.82), High quality] at 24 months. Significant reduction in incidence risk of falls [OR = 0.87 (95%CI = 0.78-0.96), High quality] was observed with romosozumab. Bone mineral density was significantly increased in the romosozumab treated groups at lumbar spine [MD = 12.66 (95%CI = 12.66-12.67), High quality], total hip [MD = 5.69 (95%CI = 5.68 - 5.69), Moderate quality], and femoral neck [MD = 5.18 (95%CI = 5.18-5.19), Moderate quality] at 12 months. The total adverse events [RR = 0.98(95%CI = 0.96-1.01), Moderate quality] and serious adverse events [RR = 0.98(95%CI = 0.88-1.08), Moderate quality] with romosozumab were comparable to the control group. The current analysis with evidence on efficacy and safety of Romosozumab, authors opine to recommend the use of Romosozumab treatment for post-menopausal osteoporosis.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019112196.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan, 342005, Jodhpur, India
| | - S Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan, 342005, Jodhpur, India.
| | - S Khasbage
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - T Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan, 342005, Jodhpur, India
| | - J Sachin
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan, 342005, Jodhpur, India
| | - J Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan, 342005, Jodhpur, India
| | - S B Varthya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan, 342005, Jodhpur, India
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Mazzone E, Fossati N, Karnes R, Boorjan S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Chiorda BN, Gandaglia G, Stabile A, Scuderi S, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Joniau S, Van Poppel H, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. There is no way to compensate a non-timely use of early salvage radiation therapy in men with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. a retrospective, multi-centre analyses on oncological and toxicity outcomes. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)00890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Ullah N, Kakakhel MA, Bai Y, Xi L, Khan I, Kalra BS, Kumar T, Ahmad H, Shah M, Guanlan L, Zhang C. Prevalence of active HCV infection and genotypic distribution among the general population of district Mardan, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e244977. [PMID: 34287506 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the serious global public health burden of liver disease. Approximately 170 million people in the world are infected with (HCV). In Pakistan, where the disease has high occurrence rate. The present study envisages an up-to-date prevalence of HCV and genotypic distribution in the general population of Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The blood samples from 6,538 individuals including 3,263 males and 3,275 females were analyzed for hepatitis C surface antigen by Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was found that 396 (12.13%) out of 3263 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HCV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HCV antibodies were found in the 31-40 age group (11.01%). The ICT positive samples were further screened by nested PCR to determine the existence of active HCV-RNA. It was identified that 7.11% (3263) of the total population (6538) tested was positive, among which the 461 (14.07%) females possessed antibodies in their blood against HCV. Our data showed total HCV infection in the investigated population was 5.78%. Higher percentage of HCV prevalence was detected in males than females in the age group 31-40 and 41-50. To compare the prevalence of HCV genotypes age-wise in male and female genotype 3a was found most prevalent genotype followed by 1a, 2a and 3b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Kakakhel
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Bai
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Xi
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - I Khan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - B S Kalra
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T Kumar
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,Lanzhou University, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - H Ahmad
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Genetics, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - L Guanlan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - C Zhang
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Ullah N, Khan I, Kakakhel MA, Xi L, Bai Y, Kalra BS, Guanlan L, Kumar T, Shah M, Zhang C. Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e245813. [PMID: 34287527 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection is perilous among the five types of Hepatitis, as it remains clinically asymptomatic. The present study draws up-to-date prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the general population of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The blood samples from 4803 individuals including 2399 male and 2404 females were investigated. All the suspected samples were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and followed by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results showed that 312 (13.00%) out of 2399 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HBV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HBV antibodies were found in the age of 21-30 groups (10.73%). Furthermore, the ICT positive samples were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction to detect the existence of active HBV-DNA. It was observed that 169 (7.04%) out of (2399) male of the total population (4803) tested was positive. On the other hand, the female 463 (19.25%) possessed antibodies in their blood against HBV. Accumulatively, our results showed a higher percentage of HBV prevalence in males than females in the age group 21-30 years. The total HCV infected in Mardan general population was recorded at 5.7% comprising both male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - I Khan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Kakakhel
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Xi
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Bai
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - B S Kalra
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - L Guanlan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - T Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of grassland Agro-ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland, Livestock Industry Innovation, , Collage of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - C Zhang
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Kumar T, Thangavel H, Abdulkareem NM, Bhat R, Trivedi MV. Abstract 591: Developing an immunofluorescence assay for detecting Rb and phospho-Rb on circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Endocrine therapies (ET) such as tamoxifen, fulvestrant, and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the standard-of-care first-line treatment in majority of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers (BC). Recent clinical studies using cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) plus AIs or fulvestrant have shown significant improvement in survival outcomes in patients with ER+ metastatic BC compared to standalone ETs. CDK4/6i exert their action by inhibiting the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and consequently inducing cell cycle arrest. However, not all patients respond to this combination therapy and those, who initially respond, eventually develop resistance. Emerging studies suggest that the intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6i could be due to the loss of Rb or its mutations. Therefore, CDK4/6i resistance can be evaluated by measuring expression of total and phospho-Rb and Rb mutations. However, repeated biopsies to evaluate biomarkers in tumors is not feasible in patients. In this research, we aimed to develop an immunofluorescence assay to evaluate the expression of Rb and phospho-Rb using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which can help predict response and resistance to CDK4/6i. CTCs serve as representative of the tumor bulk in patients and animal models and allow for less-invasive, frequent blood collection and real-time monitoring of treatment response. MCF7 cells treated with vehicle or abemaciclib (500 nM) for 48 hours were spiked into blood from non-tumor bearing mice. The MCF7 cells-spiked blood was processed using ScreenCell® device and the cells were transferred to slides and stained with DAPI, pan-cytokeratin, CD45, estrogen receptor, Rb and phospho-Rb. Tumor cells were defined as pan-cytokeratin-positive, CD45-negative, and nuclear stain-positive cells. Various antibody combinations were examined to increase the sensitivity of the IF assay for individual markers as well as the multiplexed assay. We also developed quantitative assessment approach to detect per-cell intensity of various markers. Treatment with abemaciclib reduced the intensity of phospho/Total Rb from 2.6 +/- 0.6 to 0.8 +/- 0.2 units (p < 0.05, t-test, n=8-9) in the vehicle-treated samples. There was no significant difference in the Rb intensity between the treatment groups. Ongoing studies focus on validation of the assay using preclinical models and clinical samples.
Citation Format: Tanya Kumar, Hariprasad Thangavel, Noor Mazin Abdulkareem, Raksha Bhat, Meghana V. Trivedi. Developing an immunofluorescence assay for detecting Rb and phospho-Rb on circulating tumor cells in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Kumar
- 1University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Raksha Bhat
- 1University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX
| | - Meghana V. Trivedi
- 2University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Varma R, Kumar T. Calcium Salts of Aminoacids. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1988-250408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fossati N, Mazzone E, Karnes R, Boorjian S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Noris Chiorda B, Gandaglia G, Stabile A, Cucchiara V, Robesti D, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Joniau S, Van Poppel H, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. What is the optimal duration of hormonal treatment during salvage radiotherapy in men with pN1 Prostate Cancer? Results form a large Multi-Institutional series. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fossati N, Mazzone E, Karnes R, Boorjian S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Noris Chiorda B, Gandaglia G, Stabile A, Cucchiara V, Scuderi S, Robesti D, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Joniau S, Van Poppel H, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. Assessing the effect of concomitant hormonal therapy on severe toxicity in patients treated with post-prostatectomy radiation therapy: Results from a large, multi-institutional study. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mazzone E, Fossati N, Karnes R, Boorjan S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Noris Chiorda B, Gandaglia G, Stabile A, Scuderi S, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Joniau S, Van Poppel H, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. There is no way to compensate a non-timely use of early salvage radiation therapy in men with recurrent Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy. A retrospective, multi-centre analyses on oncological and toxicity outcomes. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Fossati N, Karnes J, Boorjian S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Noris Chiorda B, Mazzone E, Robesti D, Gandaglia G, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Joniau S, Van Poppel H, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. The key role of PSA doubling time in patients treated with salvage radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: Implications for the extent of radiation and the concomitant use of hormonal therapy. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bruno-Gaston J, Jung J, Kumar T, Zarutskie P, Gibbons W, Devaraj S. Association of ovarian response with picoAMH in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Clin Biochem 2021; 95:34-40. [PMID: 34000288 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a high-sensitivity picoAnti-Müllerian Hormone (picoAMH) for predicting ovarian response in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and occurrence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. METHODS Retrospective cohort study at a single academic fertility center including all patients with picoAMH ELISA who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. The primary outcome was the number of oocytes retrieved, and secondary outcomes included cycle cancellation and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Patients were grouped into poor, normal, and hyper-responders based on number of oocytes retrieved. RESULTS The mean AMH and antral follicle count (AFC) were significantly different between normal response vs. hyper response group (p < 0.0001). Only serum AMH and not AFC was significantly increased in patients diagnosed with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). For prediction of OHSS, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that AMH (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.85) was significantly better than the AFC (AUC = 0.64). The serum AMH cut-off at sensitivity of 80% for predicting OHSS among hyper responders from ROC curve was 3.67 ng/ml. Serum AMH measured by picoAMH ELISA showed superior correlation to number of oocytes retrieved when compared to AFC in the age group over 40 years old (r2 = 0.74 and r2 = 0.4, respectively) CONCLUSION: This study shows great utility of picoAMH ELISA for predicting ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Diagnostic performance of picoAMH for prediction of OHSS is superior to the AFC in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bruno-Gaston
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Family Fertility Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - J Jung
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - T Kumar
- Family Fertility Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - P Zarutskie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Family Fertility Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W Gibbons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Family Fertility Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - S Devaraj
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
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Romano E, Simon R, Martin V, Bolle S, Andraud M, Boulle G, Kissel M, Kumar T, Martelli H, Guerin F, Deutsch E, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C. OC-1045: Dose-volume effect relationships for rectal morbidity after brachytherapy for pediatric cancers. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Achkar S, Bourdais R, Sun R, Kumar T, Kissel M, Felefly T, Ta M, Pounou Kamga F, Escande A, Deutsch E, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C. PO-1221: Dose-volume predictors of distal urethral toxicity after PDR brachytherapy for penile carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bronsart E, Petit C, Gouy S, Bockel S, Espenel S, Kumar T, Fumagalli I, Maulard A, Ayachy RE, Genestie C, Leary A, Pautier P, Morice P, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C. Evaluation of adjuvant vaginal vault brachytherapy in early stage cervical cancer patients. Cancer Radiother 2020; 24:860-865. [PMID: 33129715 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) was shown to decrease pelvic relapses in patients with an early stage cervical cancer and intermediate-risk histopathological prognostic factors, at the cost of increased bowel morbidity. We examined the feasibility and results of adjuvant brachytherapy alone as an alternative to EBRT in this situation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of consecutive patients receiving adjuvant brachytherapy between 1991 and 2018 for an early stage cervical cancer were examined. Patients were included if they presented a pT1a2N0 or pT1b1N0 disease following radical colpohysterectomy. Adjuvant vaginal wall brachytherapy (without EBRT) was indicated because of a tumor size≥2cm and/or presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). Patients received 60Gy to 5mm of the vaginal wall, through low-dose or pulse-dose rate technique. Patients' outcome was examined for disease control, toxicities and prognostic factors. RESULTS A total of 40 patients were included. Eight patients (20%) had LVSI, 26 patients (65%) had a tumor size≥2cm. With median follow-up time of 42.0 months, 90% of patients were in complete remission and four patients (10%) experienced tumor relapse, all in the peritoneal cavity, and associated with synchronous pelvic lymph node failure in 2/4 patients. No vaginal or isolated pelvic nodal failure was reported. At 5 year, overall survival was 83.6% (CI95%: 67.8-100%) and disease-free survival was 85.1% (CI95%: 72.6-99.9%). In univariate analysis, probability of relapse correlated with tumor size≥3cm (P=0.004). No acute or late toxicity grade more than 2 was reported. CONCLUSION Brachytherapy alone was a well-tolerated adjuvant treatment for selected patients with intermediate risk factors. The risk of relapse in patients with tumor size≥3cm was however high, suggesting that EBRT is more appropriate in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bronsart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - C Petit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - S Gouy
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - S Bockel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - S Espenel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - T Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - I Fumagalli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - A Maulard
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - R El Ayachy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - C Genestie
- Department of Pathology, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A Leary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - P Pautier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - P Morice
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Haie-Meder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France; GIE Charlebourg, groupe Amethyst, 65, avenue Foch, 92250 La-Garenne-Colombes, France
| | - C Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France; French Military Health Academy, Paris, France; Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
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Fossati N, Karnes R, Boorjian S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Mazzone E, Cucchiara V, Scuderi S, Zito E, Gandaglia G, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Chiorda B, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Devos G, Joniau S, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Van Poppel H, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. Association between the extent of lymph node dissection and severe toxicity in men with prostate cancer treated with post-prostatectomy radiation therapy: results from a large multi-institutional series. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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25
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Fossati N, Karnes R, Boorjan S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Chiorda B, Mazzone E, Bravi C, Stabile A, Gandaglia G, Cucchiara V, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Devos G, Joniau S, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Van Poppel H, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. Cure without toxicity: development of a novel model predicting trifecta outcomes after salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Kumar T, Thangavel H, Bhat R, Abdulkareem NM, Dobrolecki LE, Lewis MT, Trivedi MV. Abstract 5383: Design, optimization, and validation of multiplex immunofluorescence assay for detecting biomarker expression on circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Majority of breast cancer-related deaths occur due to metastasis. In the metastatic process, tumor cells travel from the primary site to distant organs. Tumor cells traveling in the blood stream are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which can serve as liquid biopsies as representative of the tumor bulk in patients. A major advantage of liquid biopsies for the analysis of tumor cells is its less-invasive collection, which allows more frequent and real-time monitoring of treatment response over conventional tissue biopsies. CTCs are being evaluated for early diagnosis and screening, treatment selection, and monitoring of treatment response. In our research, we are investigating CTCs as a tool to evaluate presence of prognostic and predictive markers in breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to design, optimize, and validate a multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) assay to identify a panel of unique biomarkers for CTCs. The panel of biomarkers to be tested on CTCs included estrogen receptor (ER), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl2), retinoblastoma protein (RB), and phosphorylated-RB (pRB). CTCs were defined as pan-cytokeratin-positive, CD45-negative, and nuclear stain-positive cells. First, antibodies for individual protein markers were tested on breast cancer cells spiked into control mouse blood. Positive and negative controls were used to test the selectivity and specificity of the antibodies against the key biomarkers. Multiple parameters including different fixative reagents, direct and indirect antibody conjugation, and varying antibody incubation time were examined to increase the sensitivity of the IF assay for individual markers as well as multiplexed assay. Our results indicated that various antigen staining was similar with both fixation reagents, 4% paraformaldehyde and 2% formaldehyde. In comparing the direct (single step) and indirect (two-step) antibody additions, a more intense signal for the CTCs and leukocytes were observed for the latter. Additionally, overnight incubation with primary antibodies allowed for better binding between the antibody and the antigen on cells as indicated by strong fluorescence signal with less exposure time. On the other hand, incubation for only one hour with primary antibodies had a weaker signal with high non-specific background from other blood components. The validated assay has been successfully applied to our ongoing CTC investigation using the blood from breast cancer patient-derived xenograft models.
Citation Format: Tanya Kumar, Hariprasad Thangavel, Raksha Bhat, Noor M. Abdulkareem, Lacey E. Dobrolecki, Michael T. Lewis, Meghana V. Trivedi. Design, optimization, and validation of multiplex immunofluorescence assay for detecting biomarker expression on circulating tumor cells in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5383.
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Fossati N, Karnes R, Boorjian S, Motterle G, Bossi A, Kumar T, Di Muzio N, Cozzarini C, Noris Chiorda B, Mazzone E, Gandaglia G, Barletta F, Rizzo A, Cannoletta D, Bartkowiak D, Shariat S, Goldner G, Devos G, Joniau S, Berghen C, De Meerleer G, Van Poppel H, Montorsi F, Wiegel T, Briganti A. Assessing the optimal timing of salvage radiation therapy administration after radical prostatectomy: A stage-specific analysis from a large multi-institutional series. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Palomaki GE, Kalra B, Kumar T, Patel AS, Savjani G, Torchen LC, Dunaif A, Morrison A, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Kumar A. Adjusting antimüllerian hormone levels for age and body mass index improves detection of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:876-884.e2. [PMID: 32147175 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether accounting for a woman's age and body mass index (BMI) would improve the ability of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) to distinguish between women with (cases) and without (controls) polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN An opportunistic case-control dataset of reproductive age women having evaluations for PCOS as defined by National Institutes of Health criteria. SETTING Two medical centers in the United States enrolled women. Serum samples were analyzed for relevant analytes. PATIENTS Women were between 18 and 39 years of age when samples and clinical information were collected. Residual samples had been stored for 2-17 years. AMH was measured via immunoassay. INTERVENTIONS None; this was an observational study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detection and false-positive rates for PCOS were computed for AMH results expressed as multiples of the median (MoM) both before and after adjustment for the woman's age and BMI. RESULTS Using unadjusted AMH MoM results, 168 cases (78%) cases were at or beyond the 90th centile of controls (2.47 MoM). After accounting for each woman's age and BMI, 188 (87%) of those women were beyond the 90th centile of controls (2.20 MoM), a significant increase (P = .015). The adjusted AMH MoM levels fitted logarithmic normal distributions well (mean, standard deviation for controls and cases of 0.0000, 0.2765 and 0.6884, 0.2874, respectively) and this allowed for computation of patient-specific PCOS risks. CONCLUSIONS Accounting for the woman's age and BMI resulted in significantly higher AMH-based detection rates for PCOS at a 10% false-positive rate, and patient-specific PCOS risks could be computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn E Palomaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Savjani Institute for Health Research, Windham, Maine.
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura C Torchen
- Division of Endocrinology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea Dunaif
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Geralyn M Lambert-Messerlian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Kumar T, Achkar S, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C. Curiethérapie guidée par imagerie multimodale : l’exemple du cancer du col utérin. Cancer Radiother 2019; 23:765-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2019.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kamga FAP, Blanchard P, Edouard M, Fizazi K, Irani J, Kumar T, Jereczek-Fossa B, Baumert H, Bossi A. Efficacy and Toxicity Following Salvage High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer after Radiotherapy: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kumar T, Schernberg A, Busato F, Laurans M, Fumagalli I, Dumas I, Deutsch E, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C. Correlation between pelvic bone marrow radiation dose and acute hematological toxicity in cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6285-6297. [PMID: 31372035 PMCID: PMC6636180 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s195989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association between pelvic bone marrow (BM) dose volume parameters and probability of acute hematological toxicity (HT), a cohort of cervical cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiation (CRT) was assessed. Materials and methods Medical records of patients treated by CRT (45 Gy in 25 fractions, without dose constraints applied to the BM) were reviewed. Baseline and weekly hematological parameters were collected. BM was retrospectively delineated and divided into sub-sites: iliac crests, lower pelvis, lumbosacral region. BM volumes (V) receiving 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 Gy (V5, V10, V20, V30, V40, respectively) and mean dose (Dm) were calculated. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between HT and dose-volume histograms parameters. Results 114 patients were included. 75.4% were treated with 3D radiation therapy and 24.6% were receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Neither age, chemotherapy regimen (cisplatin vs carboplatin), number of chemotherapy cycles, performance status, body mass index, or para-aortic irradiation were associated with HT. In univariate analysis, more frequent grade 3+ leukopenia was found in the IMRT group (odds ratio [OR]: 3.5; 95% CI, 1.4–9.1; p=0.007). In multivariate analysis, grade 4 HT was associated with lower pelvis V5>95% (OR 4.1; 95% CI, 1.6–14. p=0.02), lower pelvis V20>45% (OR 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–13.4; p=0.05), total pelvic bone V20>65%, and iliac crests Dm >31 Gy (OR 4.5; 95% CI, 1.4–14.7; p=0.02). Conclusion The following dose constraints could be proposed to decrease acute HT risk: lower pelvis V5<95%, lower pelvis V20≤45%, total pelvic bone V20<65%, and iliac crests Dm <31 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kumar
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - A Schernberg
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - F Busato
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M Laurans
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - I Fumagalli
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - I Dumas
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - E Deutsch
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Haie-Meder
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Chargari
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Departement 'Effets Biologiques des Radiations', Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,French Military Health Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
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Cousineau C, Kumar T, Roszka JP, Lewinski KL, Li W, Kanaan HD, Pullalarevu R, Bedi DS, Cohn SR, Samarapungavan D, Zhang PL. There Is High Sensitive and Specific Correlation Between Frozen and Permanent Sections in Renal Transplant Biopsies. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3473-3477. [PMID: 30577223 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frozen sections have been used for evaluating tumors and margins during daily practice in pathology with high specificity and sensitivity (>90% for both indices both at national level and in our department). The correlation between frozen section tissue for immunofluorescent (IF) studies and permanent sections for light microscopy, along with electron microscopy, is critical for constructing a final renal pathology diagnosis. METHODS We studied the correlation between the frozen sections for IF studies and separate fragments of tissue for permanent light microscopic sections in our renal transplant biopsies for purposes of quality control. Frozen sections for IF sections were compared with permanent sections for light microscopy in 122 renal transplant biopsies, using inflammation as the key criterion (63 with no inflammation and 59 with inflammation) to determine the correlation. RESULTS There was high sensitivity (94.9%) and specificity (92.1%) for the correlation between the frozen section and permanent sections. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that parts of renal transplant biopsy tissue dissected to freeze for IF studies and for light microscopy were highly correlated to ensure a high quality of renal tissue dissection for the final diagnosis in renal transplant biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cousineau
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Laboratories, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - T Kumar
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Laboratories, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - J P Roszka
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Laboratories, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - K L Lewinski
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Laboratories, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - W Li
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Laboratories, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - H D Kanaan
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Laboratories, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - R Pullalarevu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - D S Bedi
- Transplant Surgery, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - S R Cohn
- Transplant Surgery, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - D Samarapungavan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Ping L Zhang
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beaumont Laboratories, Royal Oak, Michigan.
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Wozniak MJ, Sullo N, Qureshi S, Dott W, Cardigan R, Wiltshire M, Morris T, Nath M, Bittar N, Bhudia SK, Kumar T, Goodall AH, Murphy GJ. Randomized trial of red cell washing for the prevention of transfusion-associated organ injury in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:689-698. [PMID: 28475670 PMCID: PMC5430295 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Experimental studies suggest that mechanical cell washing to remove pro-inflammatory components that accumulate in the supernatant of stored donor red blood cells (RBCs) might reduce inflammation and organ injury in transfused patients. Methods. Cardiac surgery patients at increased risk of large-volume RBC transfusion were eligible. Participants were randomized to receive either mechanically washed allogenic RBCs or standard care RBCs. The primary outcome was serum interleukin-8 measured at baseline and at four postsurgery time points. A mechanism substudy evaluated the effects of washing on stored RBCs in vitro and on markers of platelet, leucocyte, and endothelial activation in trial subjects. Results. Sixty adult cardiac surgery patients at three UK cardiac centres were enrolled between September 2013 and March 2015. Subjects received a median of 3.5 (interquartile range 2–5.5) RBC units, stored for a mean of 21 (sd 5.2) days, within 48 h of surgery. Mechanical washing reduced concentrations of RBC-derived microvesicles but increased cell-free haemoglobin concentrations in RBC supernatant relative to standard care RBC supernatant. There was no difference between groups with respect to perioperative serum interleukin-8 values [adjusted mean difference 0.239 (95% confidence intervals −0.231, 0.709), P=0.318] or concentrations of plasma RBC microvesicles, platelet and leucocyte activation, plasma cell-free haemoglobin, endothelial activation, or biomarkers of heart, lung, or kidney injury. Conclusions. These results do not support a hypothesis that allogenic red blood cell washing has clinical benefits in cardiac surgery. Clinical trial registration. ISRCTN 27076315.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wozniak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - N Sullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - S Qureshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - W Dott
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - R Cardigan
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - M Wiltshire
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - T Morris
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - M Nath
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - N Bittar
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, UK
| | - S K Bhudia
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - T Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - A H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - G J Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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Kumar T, Lystash J, Cundiff T. PO653 Papillary Fibroelastoma of the Pulmonary Valve: Clinical Course Over 2 1/2 Years of Followup. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Kumar T, Dunbar-Matos C. PO110 Don't go Breaking My Heart Again: A Case of Recurrent Myocarditis. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Arulmozhi P, Vijayakumar S, Kumar T. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:219-226. [PMID: 30009969 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the antimicrobial potency of leaves from various extracts of Capparis zeylanica, Streblus asper and Tribulus terrestris were evaluated. In addition, this is the first report on MIC, MBC/MFC antimicrobial activities of above mentioned plants and also identify the phytochemical, functional groups by GC-MS and FT-IR respectively. Soxhlet extraction method was used for preparation of different extracts viz., aqueous, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were examined against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecallis, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by agar well diffusion method, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentratioon (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) values were determined through micro dilution method. Phytochemical analysis of compounds was carried out by GC-MS analysis and functional groups were identified by FT-IR. Based on the outcome of our results, Ethyl acetate extract Showed significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens especially, for C. albicans (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate of S. asper against S. paratyphi (38 mm). While, the least inhibition was observed with aqueous extract of T. terrestris against S. paratyphi (10 mm). The MIC ranged from 3.21 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml and MBC/MFC 6.25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml was recorded. Ethyl acetate extracts of almost all samples showed better activity than other extracts in inhibition growth of pathogens. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of Steroids, tannins and cardiac glycosides were found only in ethyl acetate extract of C. zeylanica. Functional group of leaf extract was confirmed by FT-IR spectrum and GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of 20 compounds. The results revealed that ethyl acetate extract of C. zeylanica leaves has potential activity than the other extracts as well as standard drugs (Gentamycin and Ketocozole). Hence, this plant may be recommended for further studies in isolation of active compounds and related pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arulmozhi
- Computational Phytochemistry Lab, PG and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi, Thanjavur (Dist), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Computational Phytochemistry Lab, PG and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi, Thanjavur (Dist), Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - T Kumar
- Computational Phytochemistry Lab, PG and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi, Thanjavur (Dist), Tamil Nadu, India
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Aujla H, Woźniak M, Kumar T, Murphy GJ. Rejuvenation of allogenic red cells: benefits and risks. Vox Sang 2018; 113:509-529. [PMID: 29864792 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To review preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated the effects of red cell rejuvenation in vivo and in vitro and to assess the potential risks and benefits from their clinical use. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the intervention of red cell rejuvenation using a red cell processing solution containing inosine, pyruvate, phosphate and adenine. Outcomes of interest in vitro were changes in red cell characteristics including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), deformability and the accumulation of oxidized lipids and other reactive species in the red cell supernatant. Outcomes in vivo were 24-h post-transfusion survival and the effects on oxygen delivery, organ function and inflammation in transfused recipients. RESULTS The literature search identified 49 studies evaluating rejuvenated red cells. In vitro rejuvenation restored cellular properties including 2,3-DPG and ATP to levels similar to freshly donated red cells. In experimental models, in vivo transfusion of rejuvenated red cells improved oxygen delivery and myocardial, renal and pulmonary function when compared to stored red cells. In humans, in vivo 24-h survival of rejuvenated red cells exceeded 75%. In clinical studies, rejuvenated red cells were found to be safe, with no reported adverse effects. In one adult cardiac surgery trial, transfusion of rejuvenated red cells resulted in improved myocardial performance. CONCLUSION Transfusion of rejuvenated red cells reduces organ injury attributable to the red cell storage lesion without adverse effects in experimental studies in vivo. The clinical benefits of this intervention remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aujla
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Cardiovascular Theme, Glenfield General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Woźniak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Cardiovascular Theme, Glenfield General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - T Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Cardiovascular Theme, Glenfield General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G J Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Cardiovascular Theme, Glenfield General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Manea E, Escande A, Bockel S, Busato F, Kumar T, Laurans M, Dumas I, MazeronΥ R, Lazarescu I, Deutsch E, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C. OC-0071: Bladder and bladder trigone dose/volume parameters: correlation with toxicity in cervical cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Morace R, Kumar T, Tantisattamo E, Gibson J, Britton S, Li W, Kanaan HD, Cohn SR, Samarapungavan D, Zhang PL, Boyanton BL. Feasibility of BK Virus Real-Time PCR Testing in Renal Graft Biopsies With Negative SV40 Staining. Transplant Proc 2018; 49:1294-1300. [PMID: 28735997 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK virus (BKV)-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is often associated with renal graft dysfunction. When renal transplant recipients present with high clinical suspicion for BKVAN (high serum and urine BKV titer with graft dysfunction) but their graft biopsies stain negatively for BKV, non-correlated situations between the two tests often lead to a dilemma about how to treat them. METHODS This retrospective investigation was conducted to determine how real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for BKV, routinely applied to serum and urine, could be helpful in identifying the existing BKV in biopsy tissue stained negatively for BKV. RESULTS DNA was extracted from each specimen through the use of five 10-μm curls from the tissue block with use of the QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen), followed by BKV qPCR to determine copies of BKV/μg of biopsy tissue DNA. Group 1 (11 negative renal controls for BKV) demonstrated 0 to 9 BKV copies/μg DNA. Except for 3 focally staining cases showing low BKV, the remaining 10 positive renal controls in group 2 (13 positive transplant biopsies staining positively) demonstrated elevated BKV up to 160 million copies/μg DNA. Group 3 transplants (13 uncertain transplants with negative BKV staining but positive liquid BKV) were negative for BKV (0-12 copies/μg) in 4 of 13, had low BKV copies (36-346 copies/μg) in 5 of 13, and had high BKV copies (17,240-526,945 copies/μg) in 4 of 13 cases, through the use of qPCR. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that qPCR from paraffin-embedded tissue as a backup test is sensitive for ruling in/out BKV infection in renal transplant biopsies, particularly in uncertain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Anatomic Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - T Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Anatomic Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - E Tantisattamo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - J Gibson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - S Britton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Anatomic Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - W Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Anatomic Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - H D Kanaan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Anatomic Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - S R Cohn
- Transplant Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - D Samarapungavan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - P L Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Anatomic Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan.
| | - B L Boyanton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology), Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan.
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Gopalakrishnan V, Spencer CN, Nezi L, Reuben A, Andrews MC, Karpinets TV, Prieto PA, Vicente D, Hoffman K, Wei SC, Cogdill AP, Zhao L, Hudgens CW, Hutchinson DS, Manzo T, Petaccia de Macedo M, Cotechini T, Kumar T, Chen WS, Reddy SM, Szczepaniak Sloane R, Galloway-Pena J, Jiang H, Chen PL, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K, Alousi AM, Chemaly RF, Shelburne S, Vence LM, Okhuysen PC, Jensen VB, Swennes AG, McAllister F, Marcelo Riquelme Sanchez E, Zhang Y, Le Chatelier E, Zitvogel L, Pons N, Austin-Breneman JL, Haydu LE, Burton EM, Gardner JM, Sirmans E, Hu J, Lazar AJ, Tsujikawa T, Diab A, Tawbi H, Glitza IC, Hwu WJ, Patel SP, Woodman SE, Amaria RN, Davies MA, Gershenwald JE, Hwu P, Lee JE, Zhang J, Coussens LM, Cooper ZA, Futreal PA, Daniel CR, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF, Tetzlaff MT, Sharma P, Allison JP, Jenq RR, Wargo JA. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science 2018; 359:97-103. [PMID: 29097493 PMCID: PMC5827966 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2689] [Impact Index Per Article: 448.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome modulates tumor response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy; however, this has not been well-characterized in human cancer patients. Here we examined the oral and gut microbiome of melanoma patients undergoing anti-programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) immunotherapy (n = 112). Significant differences were observed in the diversity and composition of the patient gut microbiome of responders versus nonresponders. Analysis of patient fecal microbiome samples (n = 43, 30 responders, 13 nonresponders) showed significantly higher alpha diversity (P < 0.01) and relative abundance of bacteria of the Ruminococcaceae family (P < 0.01) in responding patients. Metagenomic studies revealed functional differences in gut bacteria in responders, including enrichment of anabolic pathways. Immune profiling suggested enhanced systemic and antitumor immunity in responding patients with a favorable gut microbiome as well as in germ-free mice receiving fecal transplants from responding patients. Together, these data have important implications for the treatment of melanoma patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C N Spencer
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L Nezi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M C Andrews
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T V Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P A Prieto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D Vicente
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S C Wei
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A P Cogdill
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C W Hudgens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D S Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T Manzo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M Petaccia de Macedo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T Cotechini
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cell Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - T Kumar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W S Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S M Reddy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R Szczepaniak Sloane
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Galloway-Pena
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P L Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A M Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R F Chemaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S Shelburne
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L M Vence
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P C Okhuysen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V B Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A G Swennes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - F McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Marcelo Riquelme Sanchez
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Le Chatelier
- Centre de Recherche de Jouy-en-Josas, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L Zitvogel
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Institut Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - N Pons
- Centre de Recherche de Jouy-en-Josas, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J L Austin-Breneman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L E Haydu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E M Burton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J M Gardner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Sirmans
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A J Lazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T Tsujikawa
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cell Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - A Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - H Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - I C Glitza
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W J Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cell Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Z A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P A Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - N J Ajami
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J F Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M T Tetzlaff
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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Saipriya G, Kumaresan R, Nayak PK, Venkatesan KA, Antony MP, Kumar T. Studies on the adsorption behavior of americium and europium on radiolytically degraded solvent impregnated resin containing neutral and acidic extractants. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Etcheverry S, Faridi A, Ramachandraiah H, Kumar T, Margulis W, Laurell F, Russom A. High performance micro-flow cytometer based on optical fibres. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5628. [PMID: 28717236 PMCID: PMC5514097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is currently the gold standard for analysis of cells in the medical laboratory and biomedical research. Fuelled by the need of point-of-care diagnosis, a significant effort has been made to miniaturize and reduce cost of flow cytometers. However, despite recent advances, current microsystems remain less versatile and much slower than their large-scale counterparts. In this work, an all-silica fibre microflow cytometer is presented that measures fluorescence and scattering from particles and cells. It integrates cell transport in circular capillaries and light delivery by optical fibres. Single-stream cell focusing is performed by Elasto-inertial microfluidics to guarantee accurate and sensitive detection. The capability of this technique is extended to high flow rates (up to 800 µl/min), enabling a throughput of 2500 particles/s. The robust, portable and low-cost system described here could be the basis for a point-of-care flow cytometer with a performance comparable to commercial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Etcheverry
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Fibre Optics, RISE Acreo AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Faridi
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - H Ramachandraiah
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - T Kumar
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - W Margulis
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Fibre Optics, RISE Acreo AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Laurell
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Russom
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
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43
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Bordt EA, Clerc P, Roelofs BA, Saladino AJ, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V, Cherok E, Khalil A, Yadava N, Ge SX, Francis TC, Kennedy NW, Picton LK, Kumar T, Uppuluri S, Miller AM, Itoh K, Karbowski M, Sesaki H, Hill RB, Polster BM. The Putative Drp1 Inhibitor mdivi-1 Is a Reversible Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor that Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species. Dev Cell 2017; 40:583-594.e6. [PMID: 28350990 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission mediated by the GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an attractive drug target in numerous maladies that range from heart disease to neurodegenerative disorders. The compound mdivi-1 is widely reported to inhibit Drp1-dependent fission, elongate mitochondria, and mitigate brain injury. Here, we show that mdivi-1 reversibly inhibits mitochondrial complex I-dependent O2 consumption and reverse electron transfer-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at concentrations (e.g., 50 μM) used to target mitochondrial fission. Respiratory inhibition is rescued by bypassing complex I using yeast NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1. Unexpectedly, respiratory impairment by mdivi-1 occurs without mitochondrial elongation, is not mimicked by Drp1 deletion, and is observed in Drp1-deficient fibroblasts. In addition, mdivi-1 poorly inhibits recombinant Drp1 GTPase activity (Ki > 1.2 mM). Overall, these results suggest that mdivi-1 is not a specific Drp1 inhibitor. The ability of mdivi-1 to reversibly inhibit complex I and modify mitochondrial ROS production may contribute to effects observed in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Pascaline Clerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian A Roelofs
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrew J Saladino
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - László Tretter
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Edward Cherok
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shealinna X Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nolan W Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tanya Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sruti Uppuluri
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexandrea M Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Allenson K, Castillo J, San Lucas FA, Scelo G, Kim DU, Bernard V, Davis G, Kumar T, Katz M, Overman MJ, Foretova L, Fabianova E, Holcatova I, Janout V, Meric-Bernstam F, Gascoyne P, Wistuba I, Varadhachary G, Brennan P, Hanash S, Li D, Maitra A, Alvarez H. High prevalence of mutant KRAS in circulating exosome-derived DNA from early-stage pancreatic cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:741-747. [PMID: 28104621 PMCID: PMC5834026 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes arise from viable cancer cells and may reflect a different biology than circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) shed from dying tissues. We compare exosome-derived DNA (exoDNA) to cfDNA in liquid biopsies of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients and methods Patient samples were obtained between 2003 and 2010, with clinically annotated follow up to 2015. Droplet digital PCR was performed on exoDNA and cfDNA for sensitive detection of KRAS mutants at codons 12/13. A cumulative series of 263 individuals were studied, including a discovery cohort of 142 individuals: 68 PDAC patients of all stages; 20 PDAC patients initially staged with localized disease, with blood drawn after resection for curative intent; and 54 age-matched healthy controls. A validation cohort of 121 individuals (39 cancer patients and 82 healthy controls) was studied to validate KRAS detection rates in early-stage PDAC patients. Primary outcome was circulating KRAS status as detected by droplet digital PCR. Secondary outcomes were disease-free and overall survival. Results KRAS mutations in exoDNA, were identified in 7.4%, 66.7%, 80%, and 85% of age-matched controls, localized, locally advanced, and metastatic PDAC patients, respectively. Comparatively, mutant KRAS cfDNA was detected in 14.8%, 45.5%, 30.8%, and 57.9% of these individuals. Higher exoKRAS MAFs were associated with decreased disease-free survival in patients with localized disease. In the validation cohort, mutant KRAS exoDNA was detected in 43.6% of early-stage PDAC patients and 20% of healthy controls. Conclusions Exosomes are a distinct source of tumor DNA that may be complementary to other liquid biopsy DNA sources. A higher percentage of patients with localized PDAC exhibited detectable KRAS mutations in exoDNA than previously reported for cfDNA. A substantial minority of healthy samples demonstrated mutant KRAS in circulation, dictating careful consideration and application of liquid biopsy findings, which may limit its utility as a broad cancer-screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. A. San Lucas
- Translational Molecular Pathology
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G. Scelo
- Genetic Epidemiology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Katz
- Departments of Surgical Oncology
| | - M. J. Overman
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - L. Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E. Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - I. Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - V. Janout
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Palacky University of Medicine, Olomouc
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - F. Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics and the Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Houston
| | | | | | - G. Varadhachary
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - P. Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - S. Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D. Li
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A. Maitra
- Pathology
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - H. Alvarez
- Pathology
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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45
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Saipriya G, Kumaresan R, Nayak PK, Venkatesan KA, Kumar T, Antony MP. Extraction behaviour of Am(III) and Eu(III) from nitric acid medium in TEHDGA-HDEHP impregnated resins. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The extraction behaviour of Am(III) and Eu(III) from nitric acid medium was studied in the solvent impregnated resins containing extractants such as tetra-bis(2-ethylhexyl)diglycolamide (TEHDGA) or bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) or mixture of TEHDGA+HDEHP. The rate of extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from 1 M nitric acid and the effect of various parameters, such as the concentration of nitric acid in aqueous phase and concentration of TEHDGA and HDEHP in resin phase, on the distribution coefficient of Am(III) and Eu(III) was studied. The distribution coefficient of Am(III) and Eu(III) in HDEHP-impregnated resin decreased and that in TEHDGA-impregnated resin increased, with increase in the concentration of nitric acid. However, in (TEHDGA+HDEHP) – impregnated resin, synergic extraction was observed at lower nitric acid concentration and antagonism at higher nitric acid concentration. The mechanism of Am(III) and Eu(III) extraction in the combined resin was investigated by slope analysis method. The extraction of various metal ions present in the fast reactor simulated high-level liquid waste was studied. The separation factor of Am(III) over Eu(III) was studied using citrate-buffered diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Saipriya
- Kalpakkam Reprocessing Plant, Nuclear Recycle Board, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - R. Kumaresan
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - P. K. Nayak
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - K. A. Venkatesan
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India , Tel.: +91 44 27480098, Fax: +91 44 27480065
| | - T. Kumar
- Kalpakkam Reprocessing Plant, Nuclear Recycle Board, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - M. P. Antony
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
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46
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Kumar T, Shrivastava A, Kumar A, Khasnobis P, Narain J, Laserson K, Venkatesh S. Hepatitis A outbreak associated with unsafe drinking water in a medical college student's hostel, New Delhi, India, 2014. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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47
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Murphy GJ, Verheyden V, Wozniak M, Sullo N, Dott W, Bhudia S, Bittar N, Morris T, Ring A, Tebbatt A, Kumar T. Trial protocol for a randomised controlled trial of red cell washing for the attenuation of transfusion-associated organ injury in cardiac surgery: the REDWASH trial. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000344. [PMID: 26977309 PMCID: PMC4785436 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been suggested that removal of proinflammatory substances that accumulate in stored donor red cells by mechanical cell washing may attenuate inflammation and organ injury in transfused cardiac surgery patients. This trial will test the hypotheses that the severity of the postoperative inflammatory response will be less and postoperative recovery faster if patients undergoing cardiac surgery receive washed red cells compared with standard care (unwashed red cells). Methods and analysis Adult (≥16 years) cardiac surgery patients identified at being at increased risk for receiving large volume red cell transfusions at 1 of 3 UK cardiac centres will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either red cell washing or standard care. The primary outcome is serum interleukin-8 measured at 5 postsurgery time points up to 96 h. Secondary outcomes will include measures of inflammation, organ injury and volumes of blood transfused and cost-effectiveness. Allocation concealment, internet-based randomisation stratified by operation type and recruiting centre, and blinding of outcome assessors will reduce the risk of bias. The trial will test the superiority of red cell washing versus standard care. A sample size of 170 patients was chosen in order to detect a small-to-moderate target difference, with 80% power and 5% significance (2-tailed). Ethics and dissemination The trial protocol was approved by a UK ethics committee (reference 12/EM/0475). The trial findings will be disseminated in scientific journals and meetings. Trial registration number ISRCTN 27076315.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - V Verheyden
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - M Wozniak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - N Sullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - W Dott
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - S Bhudia
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry , UK
| | - N Bittar
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital NHS Trust , Blackpool , UK
| | - T Morris
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit , Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - A Ring
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit , Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - A Tebbatt
- Department of Clinical Perfusion , University Hospital Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
| | - T Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
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48
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Saipriya K, Kumaresan R, Nayak P, Venkatesan K, Kumar T, Antony M. Extraction behaviour of Am(III) and Eu(III) from nitric acid medium in CMPO-HDEHP impregnated resins. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chromatographic resin containing extractants such as octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) or
bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) or mixture of extractants (CMPO + HDEHP) in an acrylic polymer matrix was prepared and
studied for the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) over a range of nitric acid concentration. The effect of various
parameters such as concentration of nitric acid in aqueous phase and the concentration of CMPO and HDEHP in the resin phase was
studied. The distribution coefficient of Am(III) and Eu(III) in the impregnated resin increased with increased in the
concentration of nitric acid for CMPO-impregnated resin, whereas a reverse trend was observed in HDEHP impregnated resin. In case of
resin containing both the extractants, synergism was observed at low nitric acid concentration and antagonism at high nitric acid
concentration. The mechanism of extraction was probed by slope analysis method at 0.01 and 2 M nitric acid
concentrations. Citrate-buffered DTPA was used for the selective separation of Am(III), and a separation factor of 3–4 was
obtained at pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Saipriya
- Kalpakkam Reprocessing Plant, Nuclear Recycle Board, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - R. Kumaresan
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - P. K. Nayak
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - K. A. Venkatesan
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - T. Kumar
- Kalpakkam Reprocessing Plant, Nuclear Recycle Board, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - M. P. Antony
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
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49
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Kumar T, Kumar A, Laserson K, Narain J, Venkatesh S, Chauhan L, Averhoff F, Shrivastava A. Viral hepatitis in India: Analysis of national disease surveillance program data, 2011−13. J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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