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Vakilian A, Khalili P, Jamali Z, -Ahmadi AM, Jalali N, Mohamadi M, Pakzadmoghadam SH, Ayoobi F. The relationship between pesticide exposures and primary headaches in adults: A cross-sectional study based on Rafsanjan cohort study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102621. [PMID: 38375182 PMCID: PMC10874839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Toxic substances can trigger headaches. The prevalence of pesticide use and headaches was high among the population of Rafsanjan. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 9991 adults who participated via sampling people aged 35-70 years old of both genders from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) in Iran. Demographic characteristics, habits, chronic primary headache (CPH), and episodic primary headache (EPH) were measured. Results The prevalence of CPH and EPH were 7.4 % and 29.9 % respectively. The multivariable model showed the odds of EPH increased significantly by the pesticide exposure on farm OR: 1.16 (1.02-1.34), in yard OR: 1.18 (1.01-1.39), duration of pesticide exposure in yard > median OR: 1.35 (1.06-1.73), at home OR: 1.31 (1.17-1.46), duration of pesticide exposure at home ≤ median OR: 1.24 (1.10-1.40) and > median OR: 1.38 (1.22-1.57). Also, pesticide preparation OR: 1.20 (1.03-1.39), duration of exposure in pesticide preparation ≤ median OR: 1.31 (1.09-1.57), and duration of exposure in managed spraying pesticide > median OR: 1.28 (1.04-1.57) increased odds of EPH. These results showed that the odds of CPH increased in participants using pesticides at home OR: 1.22 (1.02-1.48), duration of pesticide exposure at home > median OR: 1.37 (1.11-1.70), and duration of pesticide exposure in pesticide preparation > median OR: 0.47 (0.27-0.82). The odds of EPH increased with more pesticide exposures (18 %) and duration of pesticide exposure (25 %). Conclusions As evidenced by the obtained results, there is a relationship between pesticide exposure and headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Vakilian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalili
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Moghadam -Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Neuro-Immunology Research Scholar, Neurological Research Laboratory, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nazanin Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Movahedeh Mohamadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Pakzadmoghadam
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ali Ibn Abitaleb Educational and Treatment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan
| | - Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Jareebi MA, Lyall DM, Gharawi NF, Shami MO, Dahas N, Alfaifi RF, Hakami A, Darraj MA, Hakami FA, Hakami MH, Almalki HM, Hakami ZT, Alessa A, Alhazmi AA. Causal Associations of Modifiable Risk Factors With Migraine: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e53448. [PMID: 38435140 PMCID: PMC10909377 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The exact etiology of migraine is unknown; however, it is likely a mixture of genetic and non-genetic factors including lifestyle variables like smoking and diet. This study aims to assess the causal effect of modifiable risk factors on the risk of migraine using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Materials and methods The study used publicly available genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The study evaluated a diverse smoking exposure, encompassing age at smoking initiation, smoking intensity, and maternal smoking, alongside other pertinent risk factors, namely key dietary aspects, coffee consumption, BMI, and physical activity. Self-reported migraine was the outcome of the study. The genetic data for migraine were obtained from the FinnGen (Finland) and the UK Biobank (United Kingdom) cohorts. Results With sample sizes ranging from 64,949 to 632,802 for each risk factor collected from several consorts, the study included a total of 282 SNPs for all risk factors. The findings demonstrated that in the FinnGen consortium, genetically estimated dietary factors as well as BMI, were significantly associated with the risk of migraine (OR 0.765 per single unit of BMI, p = 0.011; OR 0.468 per one SD higher cheese intake, p = 0.012; OR 0.286 per one SD higher salad intake, p = 0.004, and 0.625 per one SD higher coffee consumption, p = 0.003, respectively). The results also showed that in the UK Biobank specifically, a genetically estimated history of maternal smoking was significantly associated with an elevated risk of migraine (OR=1.02, p=0.004). Conclusions The latest study implies a connection between maternal smoking and a heightened risk of migraines, whereas cheese intake, salad intake, coffee consumption, BMI, and physical activity are associated with a lower risk of migraine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald M Lyall
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, GBR
| | | | | | - Najwa Dahas
- Medicine and Surgery, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Rashed F Alfaifi
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | | | | | - Faris A Hakami
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | - Mohammed H Hakami
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | - Hassan M Almalki
- Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
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Lloyd K, Harrison S, Sallis HM, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR, Wootton RE. Exploring the bidirectional causal pathways between smoking behaviours and headache: A Mendelian randomisation study. Nicotine Tob Res 2023:ntad173. [PMID: 37702655 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although observational data suggests a relationship between headache and smoking, there remain questions about causality. Smoking may increase headache risk, individuals may smoke to alleviate headaches, or smoking and headache may share common risk factors. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is a method that uses genetic variants as instruments for making causal inferences about an exposure and an outcome. METHODS First, we conducted logistic regression of observational data in UK Biobank assessing the association between smoking behaviours (smoking status, cigarettes per day amongst daily smokers and lifetime smoking score) on risk of self-reported headache (in the last month and for more than 3 months). Second, we used genetic instruments for smoking behaviours and headache (identified in independent genome-wide association studies) to perform bidirectional MR analysis. RESULTS Observationally, there is a weak association between smoking behaviour and experiencing headache, with increased cigarettes per day associated with increased headache risk. In the MR analysis, genetic liability to smoking initiation and lifetime smoking increased odds of headache in the last month but not odds of headaches lasting more than three months. In the opposite direction there was weak evidence for higher genetic liability to headaches decreasing the chance of quitting. CONCLUSION There was weak evidence for a partially bidirectional causal relationship between smoking behaviours and headache in the last month. Given this relationship is distinct from smoking heaviness, it suggests headache and smoking may share common risk factors such as personality traits. IMPLICATIONS Using Mendelian Randomisation, this study addresses the uncertainty regarding the observed relationship between headache and smoking. There was evidence for weak causal effects of smoking initiation and lifetime smoking (but not smoking heaviness) on likelihood of experiencing headache in the last month, but not over a prolonged period of more than three months. Those at higher genetic liability for headaches were also less likely to successfully stop smoking. This partially bidirectional causal relationship distinct from smoking heaviness, suggests that observed associations are unlikely due to biological effects of tobacco smoke exposure and may be explained by shared personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lloyd
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
| | - Sean Harrison
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol
| | - Hannah M Sallis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol
| | - George Davey Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Spångbergveien 25, Oslo, 0853, Norway
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Fan L, Wu Y, Wei J, Xia F, Cai Y, Zhang S, Miao J, Zhou Y, Liu C, Yan W, Liu D, Chen L, Wang T. Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for migraine, from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the GBD 2019. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:79. [PMID: 37391721 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of epidemiological studies on migraine have been conducted in a specific country or region, and there is a lack of globally comparable data. We aim to report the latest information on global migraine incidence overview trends from 1990 to 2019. METHODS In this study, the available data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. We present temporal trends in migraine for the world and its 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years. Meanwhile, an age-period-cohort model be used to estimate net drifts (overall annual percentage change), local drifts (annual percentage change in each age group), longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rate), and period (cohort) relative risks. RESULTS In 2019, the global incidence of migraine increased to 87.6 million (95% UI: 76.6, 98.7), with an increase of 40.1% compared to 1990. India, China, United States of America, and Indonesia had the highest number of incidences, accounting for 43.6% of incidences globally. Females experienced a higher incidence than males, the highest incidence rate was observed in the 10-14 age group. However, there was a gradual transition in the age distribution of incidence from teenagers to middle-aged populations. The net drift of incidence rate ranged from 3.45% (95% CI: 2.38, 4.54) in high-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions to -4.02% (95% CI: -4.79, -3.18) in low SDI regions, 9 of 204 countries showed increasing trends (net drifts and its 95% CI were > 0) in incidence rate. The age-period-cohort analysis results showed that the relative risk of incidence rate generally showed unfavorable trends over time and in successively birth cohorts among high-, high-middle-, and middle SDI regions, but low-middle- and low-SDI regions keep stable. CONCLUSIONS Migraine is still an important contributor to the global burden of neurological disorders worldwide. Temporal trends in migraine incidence are not commensurate with socioeconomic development and vary widely across countries. Both sexes and all age groups should get healthcare to address the growing migraine population, especially adolescents and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jiehua Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yufeng Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senmao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Junxiang Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yunzhe Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Prehospital Emergency Department of Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tobacco use is associated with significant health consequences especially for people with medical conditions. Although lifestyle strategies (e.g., sleep, diet) are commonly recommended as part of migraine treatment, tobacco-related strategies (e.g., smoking cessation) are rarely included. This review is aimed at elucidating what is known about tobacco use and migraine and at identifying gaps in the research. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of smoking is higher among people with migraine, and people with migraine believe that smoking makes migraine attacks worse. There is also evidence that smoking may exacerbate migraine-related consequences (e.g., stroke). Very few studies have examined other aspects of smoking and migraine or tobacco products other than cigarettes. There are significant gaps in our knowledge of smoking and migraine. More research is needed to understand the relationship of tobacco use to migraine and potential benefits of adding smoking cessation efforts into migraine care.
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Grangeon L, Lange KS, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Onan D, Marschollek K, Wiels W, Mikulenka P, Farham F, Gollion C, Ducros A. Genetics of migraine: where are we now? J Headache Pain 2023; 24:12. [PMID: 36800925 PMCID: PMC9940421 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex brain disorder explained by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In monogenic migraines, including familial hemiplegic migraine and migraine with aura associated with hereditary small-vessel disorders, the identified genes code for proteins expressed in neurons, glial cells, or vessels, all of which increase susceptibility to cortical spreading depression. The study of monogenic migraines has shown that the neurovascular unit plays a prominent role in migraine. Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous susceptibility variants that each result in only a small increase in overall migraine risk. The more than 180 known variants belong to several complex networks of "pro-migraine" molecular abnormalities, which are mainly neuronal or vascular. Genetics has also highlighted the importance of shared genetic factors between migraine and its major co-morbidities, including depression and high blood pressure. Further studies are still needed to map all of the susceptibility loci for migraine and then to understand how these genomic variants lead to migraine cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Grangeon
- grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231Neurology Department, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Kristin Sophie Lange
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Neurology Department, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Waliszewska-Prosół
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Neurology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dilara Onan
- grid.14442.370000 0001 2342 7339Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Karol Marschollek
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Neurology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wietse Wiels
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petr Mikulenka
- grid.412819.70000 0004 0611 1895Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Farham
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Headache Department, Iranian Centre of Neurological Researchers, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cédric Gollion
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Neurology Department, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Ducros
- Neurology Department, CHU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
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Harder AV, Terwindt GM, Nyholt DR, van den Maagdenberg AM. Migraine genetics: Status and road forward. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024221145962. [PMID: 36759319 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221145962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is considered a multifactorial genetic disorder. Different platforms and methods are used to unravel the genetic basis of migraine. Initially, linkage analysis in multigenerational families followed by Sanger sequencing of protein-coding parts (exons) of genes in the genomic region shared by affected family members identified high-effect risk DNA mutations for rare Mendelian forms of migraine, foremost hemiplegic migraine. More recently, genome-wide association studies testing millions of DNA variants in large groups of patients and controls have proven successful in identifying many dozens of low-effect risk DNA variants for the more common forms of migraine with the number of associated DNA variants increasing steadily with larger sample sizes. Currently, next-generation sequencing, utilising whole exome and whole genome sequence data, and other omics data are being used to facilitate their functional interpretation and the discovery of additional risk factors. Various methods and analysis tools, such as genetic correlation and causality analysis, are used to further characterise genetic risk factors. FINDINGS We describe recent findings in genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing analysis in migraine. We show that the combined results of the two most recent and most powerful migraine genome-wide association studies have identified a total of 178 LD-independent (r2 < 0.1) genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 99 were unique to Hautakangas et al., 11 were unique to Choquet et al., and 68 were identified by both studies. When considering that Choquet et al. also identified three SNPs in a female-specific genome-wide association studies then these two recent studies identified 181 independent SNPs robustly associated with migraine. Cross-trait and causal analyses are beginning to identify and characterise specific biological factors that contribute to migraine risk and its comorbid conditions. CONCLUSION This review provides a timely update and overview of recent genetic findings in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aster Ve Harder
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arn Mjm van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Safiri S, Pourfathi H, Eagan A, Mansournia MA, Khodayari MT, Sullman MJM, Kaufman J, Collins G, Dai H, Bragazzi NL, Kolahi AA. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine in 204 countries and territories, 1990 to 2019. Pain 2022; 163:e293-e309. [PMID: 34001771 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were used to report the burden of migraine in 204 countries and territories during the period 1990 to 2019, through a systematic analysis of point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability (YLD). In 2019, the global age-standardised point prevalence and annual incidence rate of migraine were 14,107.3 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI] 12,270.3-16,239) and 1142.5 (95% UI 995.9-1289.4) per 100,000, an increase of 1.7% (95% UI 0.7%-2.8%) and 2.1% (95% UI 1.1%-2.8%) since 1990, respectively. Moreover, the global age-standardised YLD rate in 2019 was 525.5 (95% UI 78.8-1194), an increase of 1.5% (95% UI -4.4% to 3.3%) since 1990. The global point prevalence of migraine in 2019 was higher in females and increased by age up to the 40 to 44 age group, then decreased with increased age. Belgium (22,400.6 [95% UI: 19,305.2-26,215.8]), Italy (20,337.7 [95% UI: 17,724.7-23,405.8]), and Germany (19,436.4 [95% UI: 16,806.2-22,810.3]) had the 3 highest age-standardised point prevalence rates for migraine in 2019. In conclusion, there were large intercountry differences in the burden of migraine, and this burden increased significantly across the measurement period. These findings suggest that migraine care needs to be included within the health system to increase population awareness regarding the probable risk factors and treatment strategies especially among young adults and middle-aged women, as well as to increase the data on migraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Safiri
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjat Pourfathi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arielle Eagan
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Khodayari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jay Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gary Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Haijiang Dai
- Centre for Disease Modelling, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Giri S, Tronvik EA, Hagen K. The bidirectional temporal relationship between headache and affective disorders: longitudinal data from the HUNT studies. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:14. [PMID: 35062883 PMCID: PMC8903630 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few prospective population-based studies have evaluated the bidirectional relationship between headache and affective disorder. The aim of this large-scale population-based follow-up study was to investigate whether tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine had increased risk of developing anxiety and depression after 11 years, and vice-versa. Methods Data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) conducted in 2006-2008 (baseline) and 2017-2019 (follow-up) were used to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between migraine and TTH and anxiety and depression measured by Hospital Anxiety and depression Scale (HADS). The population at risk at baseline consisted of respectively 18,380 persons with HADS score ≤ 7 and 13,893 without headache, and the prospective data was analyzed by Poisson regression. Results In the multi-adjusted model, individuals with HADS anxiety (HADS-A) and depression scores (HADS-D) of ≥8 at baseline nearly doubled the risk of migraine (Risk rations (RR) between 1.8 and 2.2) at follow-up whereas a 40% increased risk (RR 1.4) was found for TTH. Vice versa, the risk of having HADS-A and HADS-D scores of ≥8 at follow-up were increased for TTH (RR 1.3) and migraine (RR 1.3-1.6) at baseline. Migraine with aura was associated with 81% (RR 1.81, 95% 1.52-2.14) increased risk of HADS-A score of ≥8. Conclusions In this large-scale population-based follow-up study we found a bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression and migraine and TTH. For anxiety, this bidirectional association was slightly more evident for migraine than TTH.
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Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are conditions in which the use of legal or illegal substances, such as nicotine, alcohol or opioids, results in clinical and functional impairment. SUDs and, more generally, substance use are genetically complex traits that are enormously costly on an individual and societal basis. The past few years have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the genetics, and therefore the biology, of substance use and abuse. Various studies - including of well-defined phenotypes in deeply phenotyped samples, as well as broadly defined phenotypes in meta-analysis and biobank samples - have revealed multiple risk loci for these common traits. A key emerging insight from this work establishes a biological and genetic distinction between quantity and/or frequency measures of substance use (which may involve low levels of use without dependence), versus symptoms related to physical dependence.
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Alizadeh Z, Roohafza H, Feizi A, Sarrafzadegan N. Association of Cigarette Smoking with Depression and Anxiety in Middle-Aged Adults: a Large Cross-Sectional Study among Iranian Industrial Manufacturing Employees. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chu S, Wu Z, Wu Z, Wu J, Qian Y. Association Between Insomnia and Migraine Risk: A Case-Control and Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:971-976. [PMID: 34413668 PMCID: PMC8370591 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s305780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The causal relationship between insomnia and migraine is contradictory and no study has been carried out among the Chinese population to date. Methods In this case, we conducted a case–control study and a bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether insomnia is causally related to the development of migraine. The instrumental variables for insomnia were derived from the largest genome-wide association study of 1,331,010 participants, while the genetic instruments for migraine were available from the largest meta-analysis of migraine with 59,674 cases and 316,078 controls. Results In case–control study, subjects with insomnia have significantly higher risk of migraine (OR=4.29, 95% CI: 3.21–5.74, P<0.001), compared with those without insomnia. The bidirectional two-sample MR analysis revealed that insomnia was significantly associated with higher risk of migraine (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.11–1.38, P=1.01×10-4), and the results were validated in the UK Biobank data. The results showed no indication for directional pleiotropy effects as assessed by the MR-Egger intercept (P>0.05). Conclusion Conclusively, our study highlighted that increased migraine risk was confined to subjects with a genetic pre-disposition to insomnia, and these findings had potential implications for improving the sleep quality to reduce the burden of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouyang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
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Almalki D, Shubair MM, Al-Khateeb BF, Obaid Alshammari RA, Alshahrani SM, Aldahash R, Angawi K, Alsalamah M, Al-Zahrani J, Al-Ghamdi S, Al-Zahrani HS, El-Metwally A, Aldossari KK. The Prevalence of Headache and Associated Factors in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Res Manag 2021; 2021:6682094. [PMID: 33747320 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Only few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of headaches among the Saudi population. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of headache and to explore its associated risk factors Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. Methods The multistage sampling technique was used to enroll 1200 population-based participants who were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire about headaches, demographics, and several other parameters such as smoking status and different chronic and psychological illnesses. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the association. Results The overall prevalence of headaches in this study was 3%. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that females were more likely to have headaches than males (odds ratio (OR) 0.735, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.612-1.341; P=0.024). Being a current smoker was also significantly associated with higher "odds" of having headache (OR = 1.319, 95% CI = 0.932-2.462; P=0.037). Participants who were overweight had a significantly higher risk of headache (OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.48-1.854; P=0.037). Nonmarried people were significantly more likely to have headache pain, compared to married individuals (OR = 0.875, 95% CI = 0.646-2.317; P=0.047). Conclusion The prevalence of headaches was 3%, and four significant associated factors were identified: females, nonmarried, smoking, and overweight. The temporality of the relationship between these factors and headache cannot be confirmed in this cross-sectional study; so future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these potential causal relationships.
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Hagen K, Stovner LJ, Zwart JA. Time trends of major headache diagnoses and predictive factors. Data from three Nord-Trøndelag health surveys. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:24. [PMID: 32160857 PMCID: PMC7066736 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of this study was to investigate time trends of major headache diagnoses using cross-sectional data from two population-based health surveys. In addition, we aimed to perform a longitudinal assessment of baseline characteristics and subsequent risk for having headache at 22-years' follow-up among those participating in three health surveys. METHODS Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) performed in 1995-1997 (HUNT2), 2006-2008 (HUNT3) and 2017-2019 (HUNT4) were used. The 1-year prevalence time trends of major headache diagnoses were estimated among 41,460 participants in HUNT4 and among 39,697 participants in HUNT3, two surveys with identical headache questions. 16,118 persons participated in all three surveys, and among these, a Poisson regression was used to evaluate health-related baseline information in HUNT2 and the risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) of consistently reporting headache during follow-up. RESULTS Compared with the 1-year prevalence in HUNT3, a higher proportion of participants in HUNT4 had tension-type headache (20.7% vs. 15.9%, p < 0.001), whereas a lower 1-year prevalence was found for migraine (11.1% vs. 12.0%, p < 0.001) and medication overuse headache (MOH) (0.3% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.001). Participants in the age group 20-39 years at baseline nearly three times increased risk (RR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.5-3.1) of reporting headache in HUNT2, HUNT3 and HUNT4 than persons aged 50 years or more. Female sex, occurrence of chronic musculoskeletal complaints and high score of depression or anxiety at baseline doubled the risk of having headache in all three surveys. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year prevalence of migraine and MOH was lower in HUNT4 than in HUNT3. Young age, female sex, and occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints and high score of anxiety and/or depression were all associated with substantially increased risk of reporting headache in all three surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Hagen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinical Research Unit Central Norway, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lars Jacob Stovner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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