1
|
Ahmad F, Tomada S, Poonsiri T, Baric S. Molecular genetic variability of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 associated with Cryphonectria parasitica in South Tyrol (northern Italy). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1291542. [PMID: 38476955 PMCID: PMC10927965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1291542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) has been widely studied and used as a biocontrol agent because of its ability to infect the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, and to reduce its virulence. Knowledge about the hypovirus, its presence, and diversity is completely lacking in South Tyrol (northern Italy), which may obstruct biocontrol measures for chestnut blight based on CHV-1. This work aimed to study the occurrence of CHV-1 infecting C. parasitica in South Tyrol and to perform a genetic characterization of the hypovirus. In South Tyrol, CHV-1 was found to occur in 29.2% of the fungal isolates investigated, varying in frequency between different regions and chestnut stands. Twenty-three haplotypes based on partial cDNA (complementary DNA) sequences of open reading frame (ORF)-A and 30 haplotypes based on partial cDNA sequences of ORF-B were identified among 47 and 56 hypovirulent fungal isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the haplotypes belonged to the Italian subtype of CHV-1 and that they were closely related to the populations of Italy, Switzerland, Croatia and Slovenia. Evidence of recombination was not found in the sequences and point mutations were the main source of diversity. Overall, this study indicated that the prevalence of CHV-1 in South Tyrol is low compared to many other central and western European populations and determined a need to actively impose biocontrol measures. Using sequence analysis, we identified some variants of interest of CHV-1 that should be studied in detail for their potential use in biocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- Laboratory for Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Selena Tomada
- Laboratory for Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Thanalai Poonsiri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sanja Baric
- Laboratory for Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Umer M, Mubeen M, Shakeel Q, Ali S, Iftikhar Y, Bajwa RT, Anwar N, Rao MJ, He Y. Mycoviruses: Antagonistic Potential, Fungal Pathogenesis, and Their Interaction with Rhizoctonia solani. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2515. [PMID: 37894173 PMCID: PMC10609472 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses, or fungal viruses, are prevalent in all significant fungal kingdoms and genera. These low-virulence viruses can be used as biocontrol agents to manage fungal diseases. These viruses are divided into 19 officially recognized families and 1 unclassified genus. Mycoviruses alter sexual reproduction, pigmentation, and development. Spores and fungal hypha spread mycoviruses. Isometric particles mostly encapsulate dsRNA mycoviruses. The widespread plant-pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, which has caused a rice sheath blight, has hosted many viruses with different morphologies. It causes significant crop diseases that adversely affect agriculture and the economy. Rice sheath blight threatens the 40% of the global population that relies on rice for food and nutrition. This article reviews mycovirology research on Rhizoctonia solani to demonstrate scientific advances. Mycoviruses control rice sheath blight. Hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses are needed to control R. solani since no cultivars are resistant. Mycoviruses are usually cryptic, but they can benefit the host fungus. Phytopathologists may use hypovirulent viruses as biological control agents. New tools are being developed based on host genome studies to overcome the intellectual challenge of comprehending the interactions between viruses and fungi and the practical challenge of influencing these interactions to develop biocontrol agents against significant plant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer
- Forestry College, Research Centre of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.M.); (Y.I.)
| | - Qaiser Shakeel
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (Q.S.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.M.); (Y.I.)
| | - Rabia Tahir Bajwa
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (Q.S.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Naureen Anwar
- Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuejun He
- Forestry College, Research Centre of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarrocco S. Biological Disease Control by Beneficial (Micro)Organisms: Selected Breakthroughs in the Past 50 Years. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:732-740. [PMID: 36706001 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-22-0405-kd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological control of plant disease by beneficial (micro)organisms is one of the main tools available to preserve plant health within the wider context of One Health and in line with the goals of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. The commercial development of biocontrol agents, together with a new perspective on the resident microbial community, all supported by innovative "omics" technologies, continues to gain in prominence in plant pathology, addressing the need to feed the increasing world population and to assure safe and secure access to food. The present review considers selected advances within the last 50 years, highlighting those that can be considered as breakthroughs for the biological control research field. Selected examples of successful biocontrol agents and strategies are reported, including the history of the progress in researching Trichoderma isolates as commercial biocontrol agents, the exploitation of mycoviruses to confer hypovirulence to plant pathogenic fungi, the role of microbial communities in the suppressiveness of soils, and evolving approaches including the establishment of synthetic microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80-56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Canker Development and Biocontrol Potential of CHV-1 Infected English Isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica Is Dependent on the Virus Concentration and the Compatibility of the Fungal Inoculums. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122678. [PMID: 36560682 PMCID: PMC9785502 DOI: 10.3390/v14122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control of Cryphonectria parasitica fungus, causal agent of chestnut blight, by virus infection (hypovirulence) has been shown to be an effective control strategy against chestnut blight in Europe and some parts of North America. The most studied mycovirus is the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) type species of the Hypoviridae family. To efficiently provide biocontrol, the virus must be able to induce hypovirulence in its fungal host in chestnut trees. Here, two different CHV-1 subtype I virus strains (E-5 and L-18), gained by transmissions, were tested for their hypovirulence induction, biocontrol potential, and transmission between vegetatively compatible (VCG) and incompatible fungal isolate groups in sweet chestnut seedlings and branches. Both strains of CHV-1 showed great biocontrol potential and could protect trees by efficiently transmitting CHV-1 by hyphal anastomosis between fungal isolates of the same VCG and converting virulent to hypovirulent cankers. The hypovirulent effect was positively correlated with the virus concentration, tested by four different reverse-transcription PCRs, two end-point and two real-time methods, one of which represents a newly developed real-time PCR for the detection and quantification of CHV-1.
Collapse
|
5
|
Natural Populations from the Phytophthora palustris Complex Show a High Diversity and Abundance of ssRNA and dsRNA Viruses. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111118. [PMID: 36354885 PMCID: PMC9698713 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the virome of the “Phytophthora palustris complex”, a group of aquatic specialists geographically limited to Southeast and East Asia, the native origin of many destructive invasive forest Phytophthora spp. Based on high-throughput sequencing (RNAseq) of 112 isolates of “P. palustris” collected from rivers, mangroves, and ponds, and natural forests in subtropical and tropical areas in Indonesia, Taiwan, and Japan, 52 putative viruses were identified, which, to varying degrees, were phylogenetically related to the families Botybirnaviridae, Narnaviridae, Tombusviridae, and Totiviridae, and the order Bunyavirales. The prevalence of all viruses in their hosts was investigated and confirmed by RT-PCR. The rich virus composition, high abundance, and distribution discovered in our study indicate that viruses are naturally infecting taxa from the “P. palustris complex” in their natural niche, and that they are predominant members of the host cellular environment. Certain Indonesian localities are the viruses’ hotspots and particular “P. palustris” isolates show complex multiviral infections. This study defines the first bi-segmented bunya-like virus together with the first tombus-like and botybirna-like viruses in the genus Phytophthora and provides insights into the spread and evolution of RNA viruses in the natural populations of an oomycete species.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen X, Yu Z, Sun Y, Yang M, Jiang N. Molecular characterization of a novel partitivirus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978075. [PMID: 36204602 PMCID: PMC9531756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a widely distributed plant pathogen that can damage many crops. Here, we identified a novel mycovirus tentatively named Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 433 (RsPV433) from an R. solani (AG-3) strain which caused tobacco target spot disease on flue-cured tobacco. RsPV433 was consisted of two dsRNA segments with lengths of 2450 and 2273 bp, which encoded an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a coat protein, respectively. BLASTP results of RsPV433 showed that the closest relative of RsPV433 was Sarcosphaera coronaria partitivirus (QLC36830.1), with an identity of 60.85% on the RdRp amino sequence. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RsPV433 belonged to the Betapartitivirus genus in the Partitiviridae family. The virus transmission experiment revealed that RsPV433 can be transmitted horizontally. We further tested the biological effect of RsPV433 on R. solani strains and found that the RsPV433-infected R. solani strain grew slower than the RsPV433-free strain on the PDA medium and RsPV433 seemed to have no obvious impact on the lesion inducing ability of R. solani.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaoyao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meipeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Agronomic Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Miccolis Angelini RM, Raguseo C, Rotolo C, Gerin D, Faretra F, Pollastro S. The Mycovirome in a Worldwide Collection of the Brown Rot Fungus Monilinia fructicola. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050481. [PMID: 35628739 PMCID: PMC9147972 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Monilinia fructicola is responsible for brown rot on stone and pome fruit and causes heavy yield losses both pre- and post-harvest. Several mycoviruses are known to infect fungal plant pathogens. In this study, a metagenomic approach was applied to obtain a comprehensive characterization of the mycovirome in a worldwide collection of 58 M. fructicola strains. Deep sequencing of double-stranded (ds)RNA extracts revealed a great abundance and variety of mycoviruses. A total of 32 phylogenetically distinct positive-sense (+) single-stranded (ss)RNA viruses were identified. They included twelve mitoviruses, one in the proposed family Splipalmiviridae, and twelve botourmiaviruses (phylum Lenarviricota), eleven of which were novel viral species; two hypoviruses, three in the proposed family Fusariviridae, and one barnavirus (phylum Pisuviricota); as well as one novel beny-like virus (phylum Kitrinoviricota), the first one identified in Ascomycetes. A partial sequence of a new putative ssDNA mycovirus related to viruses within the Parvoviridae family was detected in a M. fructicola isolate from Serbia. The availability of genomic sequences of mycoviruses will serve as a solid basis for further research aimed at deepening the knowledge on virus–host and virus–virus interactions and to explore their potential as biocontrol agents against brown rot disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ježić M, Schwarz JM, Prospero S, Sotirovski K, Risteski M, Ćurković-Perica M, Nuskern L, Krstin L, Katanić Z, Maleničić E, Poljak I, Idžojtić M, Rigling D. Temporal and Spatial Genetic Population Structure of Cryphonectria parasitica and Its Associated Hypovirus Across an Invasive Range of Chestnut Blight in Europe. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1327-1337. [PMID: 33417482 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0405-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chestnut blight has spread throughout Europe since the introduction of its causal agent, Cryphonectria parasitica, >70 years ago. In our study, we analyzed the diversity of vegetative compatibility (vc) and microsatellite genotypes of C. parasitica, as well as sequence diversity of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) in six populations from Switzerland, Croatia, and North Macedonia. Resampling of local populations that were already investigated more than a decade ago allowed us to analyze the spatial and temporal population structure across an invasive range of the pathogen in Europe. Regardless of which genetic marker was used, the >60-year-old Swiss and Croatian populations had high population diversity, whereas more recent North Macedonian populations were mostly clonal. These diversity differences between the investigated populations remained stable over time. A high diversity of CHV1 was observed in all three countries, with North Macedonian strains forming a separate cluster from strains obtained in other countries. No correlation between vc diversity and CHV1 prevalence was observed, suggesting a well-established and maintained natural hypovirulence in all countries, further corroborated by an observed increase in genetic diversity of Croatian C. parasitica populations over time, without collapse of CHV1 prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Ježić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kiril Sotirovski
- Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Mihajlo Risteski
- Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Mirna Ćurković-Perica
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Nuskern
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Krstin
- University J. J. Strossmayer of Osijek, Department of Biology, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zorana Katanić
- University J. J. Strossmayer of Osijek, Department of Biology, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ema Maleničić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Poljak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marilena Idžojtić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Rigling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Romon-Ochoa P, Gorton C, Lewis A, van der Linde S, Webber J, Pérez-Sierra A. Hypovirulent effect of the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 in British isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1333-1343. [PMID: 31603609 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is controlled in many European countries by the naturally occurring mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1). During surveys of recently identified chestnut blight outbreak in England, CHV-1 was detected in several individuals of the pathogen isolated from affected trees. We investigated two of these CHV-1-infected isolates (L-6 and Db-1) as potential biocontrol agents for deployment in the UK comparing their virulence against virus-free (M1275) and hypovirulent (M784) European isolates by inoculating sweet chestnut seedlings. RESULTS Both the European CHV-1 M784 hypovirulent isolate and UK L-6 isolate formed significantly smaller lesions in sweet chestnut seedling bark than the other three isolates (Db-1, and virulent isolates FTC121 and M1275). The highest virus concentration was detected in isolate M784, followed by L-6, with the lowest concentration in isolate Db-1. White colony colouration indicative of hypovirulence was common in colonies re-isolated from smaller lesions, and the same isolates also tended to be slower growing in culture, have a higher virus concentration, and caused less epicormic growth and fewer stromata to be present in plants. L-6 and Db-1 virus sequences, respectively, matched the virus haplotype E-5 detected previously in Switzerland and a mutation of the same subtype I haplotype. CONCLUSION Isolate L-6 could potentially act as biocontrol for chestnut blight outbreaks in the UK but further laboratory and field experiments are needed. © 2019 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Romon-Ochoa
- Forest Research, Tree Health Diagnostics and Advisory Service (THDAS), Farnham, UK
| | - Caroline Gorton
- Forest Research, Tree Health Diagnostics and Advisory Service (THDAS), Farnham, UK
| | - Alex Lewis
- Forest Research, Tree Health Diagnostics and Advisory Service (THDAS), Farnham, UK
| | - Sietse van der Linde
- Forest Research, Tree Health Diagnostics and Advisory Service (THDAS), Farnham, UK
| | - Joan Webber
- Forest Research, Tree Health Diagnostics and Advisory Service (THDAS), Farnham, UK
| | - Ana Pérez-Sierra
- Forest Research, Tree Health Diagnostics and Advisory Service (THDAS), Farnham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Because of their replication mode and segmented dsRNA genome, homologous recombination is assumed to be rare in the rotaviruses. We analyzed 23,627 complete rotavirus genome sequences available in the NCBI Virus Variation database, and found 109 instances of homologous recombination, at least eleven of which prevailed across multiple sequenced isolates. In one case, recombination may have generated a novel rotavirus VP1 lineage. We also found strong evidence for intergenotypic recombination in which more than one sequence strongly supported the same event, particularly between different genotypes of segment 9, which encodes the glycoprotein, VP7. The recombined regions of many putative recombinants showed amino acid substitutions differentiating them from their major and minor parents. This finding suggests that these recombination events were not overly deleterious, since presumably these recombinants proliferated long enough to acquire adaptive mutations in their recombined regions. Protein structural predictions indicated that, despite the sometimes substantial amino acid replacements resulting from recombination, the overall protein structures remained relatively unaffected. Notably, recombination junctions appear to occur nonrandomly with hot spots corresponding to secondary RNA structures, a pattern seen consistently across segments. In total, we found strong evidence for recombination in nine of eleven rotavirus A segments. Only segments 7 (NSP3) and 11 (NSP5) did not show strong evidence of recombination. Collectively, the results of our computational analyses suggest that, contrary to the prevailing sentiment, recombination may be a significant driver of rotavirus evolution and may influence circulating strain diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hoxie
- Biology Department, Queens College of The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens, NY 11367, USA.,The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Biology Program, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John J Dennehy
- Biology Department, Queens College of The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens, NY 11367, USA.,The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Biology Program, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krstin L, Katanić Z, Repar J, Ježić M, Kobaš A, Ćurković-Perica M. Genetic Diversity of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1, a Biocontrol Agent of Chestnut Blight, in Croatia and Slovenia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:148-163. [PMID: 31053974 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transmissible hypovirulence associated with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) has been used for biological control of chestnut blight, devastating disease of chestnut caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. The main aims of this study were to provide molecular characterization of CHV1 from Croatia and Slovenia and to reveal its genetic variability, phylogeny, and diversification of populations. Fifty-one CHV1 haplotypes were detected among 54 partially sequenced CHV1 isolates, all belonging to Italian subtype (I). Diversity was mainly generated by point mutations while evidence of recombination was not found. The level of conservation over analyzed parts of ORF-A proteins p29 and p40 varied, but functional sites were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness and intermixing of Croatian and Slovenian CHV1 populations. Our CHV1 isolates were also related to Swiss and Bosnian hypoviruses supporting previously suggested course of CHV1 invasion in Europe. Overall, this study indicates that phylogeny of CHV1 subtype I in Europe is complex and characterized with frequent point mutations resulting in many closely related variants of the virus. Possible association between variations within CHV1 ORF-A and growth of the hypovirulent fungal isolates is tested and presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Krstin
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zorana Katanić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jelena Repar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Ježić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Kobaš
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirna Ćurković-Perica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Viruses Infecting the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121113. [PMID: 31801308 PMCID: PMC6950361 DOI: 10.3390/v11121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cosmopolitan fungus Rhizoctonia solani has a wide host range and is the causal agent of numerous crop diseases, leading to significant economic losses. To date, no cultivars showing complete resistance to R. solani have been identified and it is imperative to develop a strategy to control the spread of the disease. Fungal viruses, or mycoviruses, are widespread in all major groups of fungi and next-generation sequencing (NGS) is currently the most efficient approach for their identification. An increasing number of novel mycoviruses are being reported, including double-stranded (ds) RNA, circular single-stranded (ss) DNA, negative sense (−)ssRNA, and positive sense (+)ssRNA viruses. The majority of mycovirus infections are cryptic with no obvious symptoms on the hosts; however, some mycoviruses may alter fungal host pathogenicity resulting in hypervirulence or hypovirulence and are therefore potential biological control agents that could be used to combat fungal diseases. R. solani harbors a range of dsRNA and ssRNA viruses, either belonging to established families, such as Endornaviridae, Tymoviridae, Partitiviridae, and Narnaviridae, or unclassified, and some of them have been associated with hypervirulence or hypovirulence. Here we discuss in depth the molecular features of known viruses infecting R. solani and their potential as biological control agents.
Collapse
|
13
|
Whole-genome sequencing reveals recent and frequent genetic recombination between clonal lineages of Cryphonectria parasitica in western Europe. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 130:122-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Petrzik K. Evolutionary forces at work in partitiviruses. Virus Genes 2019; 55:563-573. [PMID: 31230256 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The family Partitiviridae consists of dsRNA viruses with genome separated into two segments and encoding replicase and capsid protein only. We examined the nucleotide diversity expressed as the ratio dN/dS of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions, which has been calculated for 12 representative viruses of all five genera of partitiviruses. We can state that strong purifying selection works on both the RdRp and CP genes and propose that putative positive selection occurs also on the RdRp genes in two viruses. Among the 95 evaluated viruses, wherein both segments had been sequenced, 8 viruses in betapartitiviruses and 9 in alphapartitiviruses were identified as reassortment candidates because they differ extremely in their CP identity even as they are related in terms of RdRp. Furthermore, there are indications that reassortants are present among isolates of different viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Petrzik
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rigling D, Borst N, Cornejo C, Supatashvili A, Prospero S. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 from Eurasian Georgia. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120687. [PMID: 30513977 PMCID: PMC6315935 DOI: 10.3390/v10120687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) infects the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica and acts as a biological control agent against this harmful tree disease. In this study, we screened the recently characterized C. parasitica population in Eurasian Georgia for the presence of CHV-1. We found 62 CHV-1 infected C. parasitica isolates (9.3%) among a total of 664 isolates sampled in 14 locations across Georgia. The prevalence of CHV-1 at the different locations ranged from 0% in the eastern part of the country to 29% in the western part. Sequencing of two specific regions of the viral genome one each in ORFA and ORFB revealed a unique CHV-1 subtype in Georgia. This subtype has a recombinant pattern combining the ORFA region from the subtype F2 and the ORFB region from subtype D. All 62 viral strains belonged to this Georgian CHV-1 subtype (subtype G). The CHV-1 subtype G strongly reduced the parasitic growth of C. parasitica isolates from Georgia, with a more severe effect on the European genepool compared to the Georgian genepool. The CHV-1 subtype detected in Georgia provides a valuable candidate for biological control applications in the Caucasus region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf; Switzerland.
| | - Nora Borst
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf; Switzerland.
| | - Carolina Cornejo
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf; Switzerland.
| | - Archil Supatashvili
- Vasil Gulisashvili Forestry Institute, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Simone Prospero
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf; Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Murolo S, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Faretra F, Romanazzi G. Phenotypic and Molecular Investigations on Hypovirulent Cryphonectria parasitica in Italy. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:540-545. [PMID: 30673478 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0517-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chestnut blight is caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. As one of the most ecologically important diseases of Castanea spp., C. parasitica can rapidly kill trees. In Europe, mitigation of disease severity took place spontaneously through colonization of C. parasitica by mycoviruses, which reduced the virulence of the fungus. In the framework of a survey, 138 C. parasitica isolates were identified, and virulent/hypovirulent phenotypes were determined through morphological properties and pathogenicity tests. For a pool of four hypovirulent isolates, dsRNA was extracted, cDNA synthesized, and a library subjected to next-generation sequencing. The bioinformatics analysis allowed detecting and reconstructing the complete genome of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1), denoted as CHV-1 Marche. When compared with the available genomes of other hypoviruses that affected the virulence of C. parasitica, available in databases, CHV-1 Marche showed some nucleotide diversity. The approach used in this study was effective to explore the virome inside a pool of hypovirulent C. parasitica isolates. Next-generation sequencing allowed us to exclude the presence of any other ssRNA and dsRNA viruses infecting the fungus and determine CHV-1 as the only responsible of hypovirulence of C. parasitica in the analyzed samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Murolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Faretra
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mlinarec J, Nuskern L, Ježić M, Rigling D, Ćurković-Perica M. Molecular evolution and invasion pattern of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 in Europe: Mutation rate, and selection pressure differ between genome domains. Virology 2018; 514:156-164. [PMID: 29179038 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding virus evolution is a fundamental goal of virology, evolutionary biology, and disease epidemiology. We provide a detailed analysis of evolution and origin of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) populations in Europe, based on the complete genome sequence of all European subtypes. Phylogenetic analyses divided European strains into two closely related clades. Strains of the subtype I belong to the first, while strains of the subtypes F1, D and E belong to the second clade suggesting that the subtypes F1, D and E are more closely related than previously thought. Strains of the subtype F2 appeared to be recombinant; subtypes F1/D/E contributed a larger fraction of sequence while subtype I contributed a smaller fraction. The p29 was the most variable domain, while the replication-associated large ORF B protein was the most conserved domain within the CHV1. Low sequence similarity, predominant negative selection and frequent recombination characterise the evolution of CHV1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mlinarec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Nuskern
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Ježić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Mirna Ćurković-Perica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rigling D, Prospero S. Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight: invasion history, population biology and disease control. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:7-20. [PMID: 28142223 PMCID: PMC6638123 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is a devastating disease infecting American and European chestnut trees. The pathogen is native to East Asia and was spread to other continents via infected chestnut plants. This review summarizes the current state of research on this pathogen with a special emphasis on its interaction with a hyperparasitic mycovirus that acts as a biological control agent of chestnut blight. TAXONOMY Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. is a Sordariomycete (ascomycete) fungus in the family Cryphonectriaceae (Order Diaporthales). Closely related species that can also be found on chestnut include Cryphonectria radicalis, Cryphonectria naterciae and Cryphonectria japonica. HOST RANGE Major hosts are species in the genus Castanea (Family Fagaceae), particularly the American chestnut (C. dentata), the European chestnut (C. sativa), the Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) and the Japanese chestnut (C. crenata). Minor incidental hosts include oaks (Quercus spp.), maples (Acer spp.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and American chinkapin (Castanea pumila). DISEASE SYMPTOMS Cryphonectria parasitica causes perennial necrotic lesions (so-called cankers) on the bark of stems and branches of susceptible host trees, eventually leading to wilting of the plant part distal to the infection. Chestnut blight cankers are characterized by the presence of mycelial fans and fruiting bodies of the pathogen. Below the canker the tree may react by producing epicormic shoots. Non-lethal, superficial or callusing cankers on susceptible host trees are usually associated with mycovirus-induced hypovirulence. DISEASE CONTROL After the introduction of C. parasitica into a new area, eradication efforts by cutting and burning the infected plants/trees have mostly failed. In Europe, the mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) acts as a successful biological control agent of chestnut blight by causing so-called hypovirulence. CHV-1 infects C. parasitica and reduces its parasitic growth and sporulation capacity. Individual cankers can be therapeutically treated with hypovirus-infected C. parasitica strains. The hypovirus may subsequently spread to untreated cankers and become established in the C. parasitica population. Hypovirulence is present in many chestnut-growing regions of Europe, either resulting naturally or after biological control treatments. In North America, disease management of chestnut blight is mainly focused on breeding with the goal to backcross the Chinese chestnut's blight resistance into the American chestnut genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rigling
- Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research (WSL)Birmensdorf8903Switzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research (WSL)Birmensdorf8903Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brusini J, Wayne ML, Franc A, Robin C. The impact of parasitism on resource allocation in a fungal host: the case of Cryphonectria parasitica and its mycovirus, Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5967-5976. [PMID: 28808558 PMCID: PMC5551080 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites are known to profoundly affect resource allocation in their host. In order to investigate the effects of Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1 (CHV1) on the life-history traits of its fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica, an infection matrix was completed with the cross-infection of six fungal isolates by six different viruses. Mycelial growth, asexual sporulation, and spore size were measured in the 36 combinations, for which horizontal and vertical transmission of the viruses was also assessed. As expected by life-history theory, a significant negative correlation was found between host somatic growth and asexual reproduction in virus-free isolates. Interestingly this trade-off was found to be positive in infected isolates, illustrating the profound changes in host resource allocation induced by CHV1 infection. A significant and positive relationship was also found in infected isolates between vertical transmission and somatic growth. This last relationship suggests that in this system, high levels of virulence could be detrimental to the vertical transmission of the parasite. Those results underscore the interest of studying host-parasite interaction within the life-history theory framework, which might permit a more accurate understanding of the nature of the modifications triggered by parasite infection on host biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Brusini
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityFort PierceFLUSA
- BIOGECOINRAUniversity of BordeauxCestasFrance
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Marta L. Wayne
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Alain Franc
- BIOGECOINRAUniversity of BordeauxCestasFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Du Y, Lin Y, Zhou X, Wang K, Fang S, Deng Q. Full-length sequence and genome analysis of CHV1-CN280, a North China isolate of cryphonectria hypovirus 1. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1811-1818. [PMID: 28247097 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CHV1-CN280 is a North China isolate of cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1), which has high horizontal transmission ability. The complete genomic sequence of CHV1-CN280 was determined and analyzed. Compared with other reported CHV1s, the genome of CHV1-CN280 shows some significantly different characteristics. The junction of the two open reading frames (ORFs) of CHV1-CN280 is AUGUAUAA, while in other reported CHV1s, it is UAAUG. The genomic sequence of CHV1-CN280 shows a high level of similarity to other reported CHV1s in the 3' portion, but in some sections of the 5' portion (the region around the start codon of ORFA, the region around the predicted cleavage site of p29 and p40, and the 5'-portion of p48 coding region), the nucleotide sequence identity is lower than 50%. The p29 of CHV1-CN280 shares only about 60% identity with other sequenced CHV1 isolates at the amino acid level. Full-length genomic recombination analysis suggests that several recombination events have occurred in the ORFB coding region between CHV1-CN280 and two subtype I CHV1 isolates (CHV1-Euro7 or CHV1-EP721). RT-PCR primers were designed according to the genomic sequence of CHV1-CN280 to study the genetic diversity of CHV1 in East Asia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the East Asian CHV1s were quite different from the five assigned subtypes in Europe, and seven new CHV1 subtypes were identified in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Du
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Kerong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Qingchao Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Krstin L, Katanić Z, Ježić M, Poljak I, Nuskern L, Matković I, Idžojtić M, Ćurković-Perica M. Biological control of chestnut blight in Croatia: an interaction between host sweet chestnut, its pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica and the biocontrol agent Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:582-589. [PMID: 27288259 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, is a severe chestnut disease that can be controlled with naturally occurring hypoviruses in many areas of Europe. The aim of this research was to measure the effect of different Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) strains on the growth of the fungal host and select strains that could potentially be used for human-mediated biocontrol in forests and orchards, and to investigate whether and how chestnut-fungus-virus interactions affect the development and growth of the lesion area on cut stems. RESULTS Two Croatian CHV1 strains (CR23 and M56/1) were selected as potential biocontrol agents. The sequencing of CHV1/ORF-A showed that both of these virus strains belonged to the Italian subtype of CHV1. In vitro transfection of selected virus strains from hypovirulent to genetically diverse virus-free fungal isolates and subsequent inoculation of all virus/fungus combinations on stems of genetically diverse sweet chestnut trees revealed that Croatian virus strain CR23 had an equally hypovirulent effect on the host as the strong French strain CHV1-EP713, while M56/1 had a weaker effect. Furthermore, it was shown that in some cases the same hypovirus/fungus combinations induced various degrees of canker development on different chestnut genotypes. CONCLUSION Some CHV1 strains belonging to the Italian subtype have similar hypovirulent effects on C. parasitica to those belonging to the French subtype. Furthermore, chestnut susceptibility and recovery could be influenced by the response of chestnut trees to particular hypovirulent C. parasitica isolates, and virus-fungus-chestnut interactions could have significant implications for the success of chestnut blight biocontrol. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Krstin
- Department of Biology, University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zorana Katanić
- Department of Biology, University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marin Ježić
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Poljak
- Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Nuskern
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Matković
- Department of Biology, University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marilena Idžojtić
- Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wei K, Li Y, Chen H, Zhang Q. Genomic Surveillance Elucidates HCV 1a Phylodynamics and Molecular Evolution. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-016-9379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Botella L, Tuomivirta TT, Hantula J, Diez JJ, Jankovsky L. The European race of Gremmeniella abietina hosts a single species of Gammapartitivirus showing a global distribution and possible recombinant events in its history. Fungal Biol 2014; 119:125-35. [PMID: 25749364 PMCID: PMC7102696 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The population genetics of the family Partitiviridae was studied within the European race of the conifer pathogen Gremmeniella abietina. One hundred sixty-two isolates were collected from different countries, including Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States. A unique species of G. abietina RNA virus-MS1 (GaRV-MS1) appears to occur indistinctly in G. abietina biotypes A and B, without a particular geographical distribution pattern. Forty-six isolates were shown to host GaRV-MS1 according to direct specific RT-PCR screening, and the virus was more common in biotype A than B. Phylogenetic analysis based on 46 partial coat protein (CP) cDNA sequences divided the GaRV-MS1 population into two closely related clades, while RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences revealed only one clade. The evolution of the virus appears to mainly occur through purifying selection but also through recombination. Recombination events were detected within alignments of the three complete CP and RdRp sequences of GaRV-MS1. This is the first time that recombination events have been directly identified in fungal partitiviruses and in G. abietina in particular. The results suggest that the population dynamics of GaRV-MS1 do not have a direct impact on the genetic structure of its host, G. abietina, though they might have had an innocuous ancestral relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Botella
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tero T Tuomivirta
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, PO Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hantula
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, PO Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Julio J Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain
| | - Libor Jankovsky
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Detection and genetic characterisation of a novel mycovirus in Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|