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Su J, Ren Q, Li P, Wei W, Liu J, Feng Y, Huang X, Cao Y, Wang W, Wu M, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Clinical Observation of Various Types of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e493-e503. [PMID: 37898275 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assist doctors in making better treatment decisions and improve patient prognosis, it is important to determine which therapy modalities are suitable for various forms of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP). METHODS All cases were received from the hospital medical record system, and some follow-up information was gathered through telephone follow-up. RESULTS A total of 26 patients, 14 men and 12 women, with ages ranging from 20 to 73 years and a mean of 47.42 years, were included in the research. Regular types were less likely to recur than irregular and nodular types, focal types were less likely to recur than diffuse types, and corticosteroid-refractory types were more likely to recur than corticosteroid-sensitive types. CONCLUSIONS The extent and shape of the lesion and susceptibility to corticosteroids are potential factors that could influence recurrence. Futhermore, this paper also proposes the fibroblasts as a new therapeutic target which may improve the quality of prognostic survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Su
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzhan Ren
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Li
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Feng
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Cao
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhang Zhang
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Skull Base Surgery Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Mortier E, Maillasson M, Quéméner A. Counteracting Interleukin-15 to Elucidate Its Modes of Action in Physiology and Pathology. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:2-22. [PMID: 36651845 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 belongs to the common gamma-dependent cytokine family, along with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21. IL-15 is crucial for the homeostasis of Natural Killer (NK) and memory CD8 T cells, and to fight against cancer progression. However, dysregulations of IL-15 expression could occur and participate in the emergence of autoimmune inflammatory diseases as well as hematological malignancies. It is therefore important to understand the different modes of action of IL-15 to decrease its harmful action in pathology without affecting its beneficial effects in the immune system. In this review, we present the different approaches used by researchers to inhibit the action of IL-15, from most broad to the most selective. Indeed, it appears that it is important to selectively target the mode of action of the cytokine rather than the cytokine itself as they are involved in numerous biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Mortier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Mike Maillasson
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
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3
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Furukawa R, Hara Y, Furuya K, Takahashi K, Nishimura R, Shingaki T, Osada H, Kondo H, Ohmori K. Expression of genes encoding interleukin 15 and its receptor subunits in the duodenal and colonic mucosae of dogs with chronic enteropathy. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100256. [PMID: 35784585 PMCID: PMC9240857 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Furukawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Advanced Animal Medical Center, 1075 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-0934, Japan
| | - Yuna Hara
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiko Furuya
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kaho Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rinka Nishimura
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shingaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hironari Osada
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Viganò C, Mulinacci G, Palermo A, Barisani D, Pirola L, Fichera M, Invernizzi P, Massironi S. Impact of COVID-19 on inflammatory bowel disease practice and perspectives for the future. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5520-5535. [PMID: 34588749 PMCID: PMC8433611 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i33.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); since its first description in December 2019, it has rapidly spread to a global pandemic. Specific concerns have been raised concerning patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which are chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorders of the gut that frequently require immunosuppressive and biological therapies to control their activity. Accumulating evidence has so far demonstrated that patients with IBD are not at increased risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. As for the general population, the identified risk factors for severe COVID-19 course among IBD patients have been established to be advanced age and the presence of comorbidities. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids has also been associated with an increased risk of death in IBD patients with COVID-19. Information on COVID-19 is constantly evolving, with data growing at a rapid pace. This will guarantee better knowledge and stronger evidence to help physicians in the choice of the best therapeutic approach for each patient, concurrently controlling for the risk of IBD disease under treatment and the risk of COVID-19 adverse outcomes and balancing the two. Moreover, the impact of the enormous number of severe respiratory patients on healthcare systems and facilities has led to an unprecedented redeployment of healthcare resources, significantly impacting the care of patients with chronic diseases. In this newly changed environment, the primary aim is to avoid harm whilst still providing adequate management. Telemedicine has been applied and is strongly encouraged for patients without the necessity of infusion therapy and whose conditions are stable. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has already revolutionized the management of patients with chronic immune-mediated diseases such as IBD. Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will be present for some time. This is the reason why continuous research, rapid solutions and constantly updated guidelines are of utmost importance. The aim of the present review is, therefore, to point out what has been learned so far as well as to pinpoint the unanswered questions and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Viganò
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mulinacci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Lorena Pirola
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Maria Fichera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
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Shah F, Patel S, Begum R, Dwivedi M. Emerging role of Tissue Resident Memory T cells in vitiligo: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102868. [PMID: 34118458 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder which affects both skin and mucous membranes and autoimmunity has been strongly suggested to play a role in loss of melanocytes. The recurrence of skin macules at the same sites where they were observed prior to the treatment, suggests the existence of Tissue Resident Memory T cells (TRMs) that persist within the skin or peripheral tissues with a longer survivability. Emerging studies have shown that reactivation of these skin TRMs results into autoreactive TRM cells in various autoimmune diseases including vitiligo. This review focuses on different subsets (CD8+ TRMs and CD4+ TRMs) of TRM cells, their retention and survivability in the skin along with their pathomechanisms leading to melanocyte death and progression of vitiligo. In addition, the review describes the TRM cells as potential targets for developing effective therapeutics of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdosh Shah
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India.
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Gole B, Potočnik U. Pre-Treatment Biomarkers of Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy Response in Crohn's Disease-A Systematic Review and Gene Ontology Analysis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060515. [PMID: 31141991 PMCID: PMC6628089 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prominent treatment for the serious cases of Crohn’s disease (CD) are biological tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. Unfortunately, therapy nonresponse is still a serious issue in ~1/3 of CD patients. Accurate prediction of responsiveness prior to therapy start would therefore be of great value. Clinical predictors have, however, proved insufficient. Here, we integrate genomic and expression data on potential pre-treatment biomarkers of anti-TNF nonresponse. We show that there is almost no overlap between genomic (annotated with tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci data) and transcription (RNA and protein data) biomarkers. Furthermore, using interaction networks we demonstrate there is little direct interaction between the proposed biomarkers, though a majority do have common interactors connecting them into networks. Our gene ontology analysis shows that these networks have roles in apoptotic signalling, response to oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. We conclude that a more systematic approach with genome-wide search of genomic and expression biomarkers in the same patients is needed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gole
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Islam SMS, Choi B, Choi J, Lee ES, Sohn S. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ cells in patients with Behçet's disease and the effects of overexpressing IL-15Rα+ on disease symptoms in mice. Cytokine 2018; 110:257-266. [PMID: 29396044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested higher serum levels of IL-15 and lower expression levels of IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) are correlated with pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD). However, whether overexpressing IL-15Rα could be used as a therapeutic candidate for BD is currently unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether overexpressing IL-15Rα could affect BD symptoms in a mouse model. IL-15/IL-15Rα complex expressing vector or protein complex of IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc was used to treat BD mice. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ cells in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and lymph node cells were determined using a flow cytometer. BD symptoms in mice improved after treatment with IL-15/15Rα expression vector or IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc protein complex. In addition, treatment with pIL-15/15Rα significantly (p = .016) decreased disease severity score of BD mice compared to treatment with control vector. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ cells were also significantly (p = .01) higher in peritoneal macrophages of pIL-15/15Rα treated BD mice than those of mice treated with control vector. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ PBL were also significantly higher in BD mice treated with IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc protein complex than those in the control group. These results suggest up-regulating IL-15Rα+ cells could be used as novel therapeutic strategies to control BD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Bunsoon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-So Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Singh M, Tyagi SC. Homocysteine mediates transcriptional changes of the inflammatory pathway signature genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:696-704. [PMID: 28546923 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To test whether homocysteine (Hcy) can influence the transcriptional profile, we hypothesized that Hcy can lead to the induction of proinflammatory molecules in the retinal cells of aging people. METHODS An unbiased in vitro inflammatory pathway focused study was designed employing retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line, ARPE-19. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of Hcy to capture target genes' expression profile. Three different concentrations of Hcy were added in the culture medium of confluent monolayers. cRNAs were made from the isolated total RNAs and the labeled cRNA probes were hybridized to microarrays specific for human disease pathway inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and their receptor gene micro-array panels as per manufacture's recommendations. Two Hcy up-regulated molecules: IL6 and CEBPB were further validated via Western blot analysis. Hcy's effect on ARPE-19 cellular morphology and genomic DNA integrity were also evaluated. RESULTS Gene microarray analyses of RPE cells in response to Hcy treatment revealed alterations in the expressions of several inflammatory gene transcripts such as CCL5, CEBPB, IL13RA2, IL15RA, IL6, IL8 and CXCL3 that were up-regulated. The transcripts for C3, CCL2, IL11RA and IL18 genes exhibited down-regulation. The IL6 and CEBPB expressions were subsequently validated at the protein levels. Treatment of the retinal cells with increasing Hcy concentration influenced their density in culture however their morphology and DNA integrity remained unaffected. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Hcy can potentially mediate the expression of chemokines, cytokines and interleukins receptors in the retinal cells without having any debilitating effects on their morphology and the genomic DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Tosiek MJ, Fiette L, El Daker S, Eberl G, Freitas AA. IL-15-dependent balance between Foxp3 and RORγt expression impacts inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10888. [PMID: 26964669 PMCID: PMC4792960 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of CD4+ T cells to change their phenotype and to specialize into different functional subsets may enhance the risk of autoimmune diseases. Here we investigate how a pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 may modify the functional commitment of CD4+ T cells expressing the lineage-associated transcription factors: forkhead box P3 (Foxp3; Treg) and RORγt (Th17) in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We demonstrate in mice that impaired delivery of IL-15 to CD4+ T cells in the colon downmodulates Foxp3 expression (diminishing STAT5 phosphorylation) and enhances RORγt expression (by upregulating the expression of Runx1). In consequence, CD4+ T cells deprived of IL-15 rapidly trigger IBD characterized by enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, IL-6) and accumulation of Th1/Th17 cells. Overall, our findings indicate a potentially beneficial role of IL-15 in IBD by fine-tuning the balance between Treg and Th17 cells and controlling intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena J Tosiek
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Fiette
- Unité d'Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Hôpital Ste Anne, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris-Descartes, Hôpital Ste Anne, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sary El Daker
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France.,Unité de Développement des Tissus Lymphoïdes, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Antonio A Freitas
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is associated with dysregulation and dysfunction involving all major lymphocyte populations, including B cells. Such perturbations occur early in the course of infection and are driven in large part by immune activation resulting from ongoing HIV replication leading to bystander effects on B cells. While most of the knowledge regarding immune cell abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals has been gained from studies conducted on the peripheral blood, it is clear that the virus is most active and most damaging in lymphoid tissues. Here, we discuss B-cell perturbations in HIV-infected individuals, focusing on the skewing of B-cell subsets that circulate in the peripheral blood and their counterparts that reside in lymphoid tissues. This review also highlights recent advances in evaluating HIV-specific B-cell responses both in the memory B-cell compartment, as well as in circulating antibody-secreting plasmablasts and the more differentiated plasma cells residing in tissues. Finally, we consider how knowledge gained by investigating B cells in HIV-infected individuals may help inform the development of an effective antibody-based HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Pagliari D, Cianci R, Frosali S, Landolfi R, Cammarota G, Newton EE, Pandolfi F. The role of IL-15 in gastrointestinal diseases: a bridge between innate and adaptive immune response. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:455-66. [PMID: 23791986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IL-15 is a member of the IL-2 family of cytokines whose signaling pathways are a bridge between innate and adaptive immune response. IL-15 is part of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and functions to modulate gut homeostasis. IL-15 has pivotal roles in the control of development, proliferation and survival of both innate and adaptive immune cells. IL-15 becomes up-regulated in the inflamed tissue of intestinal inflammatory disease, such as IBD, Celiac Disease and related complications. Indeed, several studies have reported that IL-15 may participate to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Furthermore, although IL-15 seems to be responsible for inflammation and autoimmunity, it also may increase the immune response against cancer. For these reasons, we decided to study the intestinal mucosa as an 'immunological niche', in which immune response, inflammation and local homeostasis are modulated. Understanding the role of the IL-15/IL-15R system will provide a scientific basis for the development of new approaches that use IL-15 for immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Indeed, a better understanding of the complexity of the mucosal immune system will contribute to the general understanding of immuno-pathology, which could lead to new therapeutical tools for widespread immuno-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Pagliari
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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