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Uehlein S, Ding X, Flößer J, Schmidt S, Steitz J, Bille M, Schnitter F, Baltes S, Saalmüller A, Gerner W, Herrmann T, Frey A, Kerkau T, Hofmann U, Beyersdorf N. Human-like Response of Pig T Cells to Superagonistic Anti-CD28 Monoclonal Antibodies. J Immunol 2021; 207:2473-2488. [PMID: 34625520 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of its size, anatomical similarities, and now also accessibility to genetic manipulations, pigs are used as animal models for human diseases and immune system development. However, expression and function of CD28, the most important costimulatory receptor expressed by T cells, so far is poorly understood in this species. Using a newly generated mAb (mAb 3D11) with specificity for pig CD28, we detected CD28 on CD8+ and CD4+ αβ T cells. Among γδ T cells, CD28 expression was restricted to a small CD2+ subpopulation of phenotypically naive cells. Functionally, CD28 ligation with mAb 3D11-costimulated porcine T cells, enhanced proliferation and cytokine secretion in vitro. We used a second, likewise newly generated but superagonistic, anti-CD28 mAb (CD28-SA; mAb 4D12) to test the function of CD28 on porcine T cells in a pilot study in vivo. Injection of the CD28-SA into pigs in vivo showed a very similar dose-response relationship as in humans (i.e., 100 µg/kg body weight [BW]) of CD28-SA induced a cytokine release syndrome that was avoided at a dose of 10 µg/kg BW and below. The data further suggest that low-dose (10 µg/kg BW) CD28-SA infusion was sufficient to increase the proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells among CD4+ T cells in vivo. The pig is thus a suitable animal model for testing novel immunotherapeutics. Moreover, data from our pilot study in pigs further suggest that low-dose CD28-SA infusion might allow for selective expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Uehlein
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xin Ding
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janina Flößer
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Selma Schmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Steitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maya Bille
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and
| | - Florian Schnitter
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Baltes
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Frey
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;
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Wagner JC, Leicht S, Hofmann M, Seifert F, Gahn S, Germer CT, Beyersdorf N, Otto C, Klein I. CD28 Superagonist D665-mediated activation of mouse regulatory T cells maintains their phenotype without loss of suppressive quality. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152144. [PMID: 34624625 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis by regulating the activation of other immune cells. Preclinical studies show that the infusion of Tregs can promote immunological tolerance to allografts and prevent or cure multiple autoimmune diseases. However, Treg therapy is limited by high numbers of cells required to induce tolerance. In this study, we aimed at improving the in vitro expansion of sort purified mouse Tregs using the CD28 Superagonist (CD28-SA) D665 and comparing it to the conventional expansion using anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Dynabeads®. CD28-SA-stimulated Tregs expanded more than Dynabead®-stimulated Tregs while maintaining their phenotype by expressing the same level of CD4, CD25 and Foxp3. CD28-SA-expanded Tregs produced comparable amounts of IL-10 and TGFβ while showing a slightly superior suppressive capacity compared to Dynabead®-stimulated Tregs. Thus, stimulating murine Tregs with the CD28-SA is a promising alternative since it maintains their suppressive capacity without altering their phenotype and yields a higher fold expansion within 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Wagner
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Würzburg Medical Center, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Svenja Leicht
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Würzburg Medical Center, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Experimental Visceral Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Hofmann
- Experimental Visceral Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Seifert
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gahn
- Experimental Visceral Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Würzburg Medical Center, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Experimental Visceral Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Klein
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Würzburg Medical Center, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Experimental Visceral Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Hollmann C, Wiese T, Dennstädt F, Fink J, Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. Translational Approaches Targeting Ceramide Generation From Sphingomyelin in T Cells to Modulate Immunity in Humans. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2363. [PMID: 31681273 PMCID: PMC6798155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In T cells, as in all other cells of the body, sphingolipids form important structural components of membranes. Due to metabolic modifications, sphingolipids additionally play an active part in the signaling of cell surface receptors of T cells like the T cell receptor or the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. Moreover, the sphingolipid composition of their membranes crucially affects the integrity and function of subcellular compartments such as the lysosome. Previously, studying sphingolipid metabolism has been severely hampered by the limited number of analytical methods/model systems available. Besides well-established high resolution mass spectrometry new tools are now available like novel minimally modified sphingolipid subspecies for click chemistry as well as recently generated mouse mutants with deficiencies/overexpression of sphingolipid-modifying enzymes. Making use of these tools we and others discovered that the sphingolipid sphingomyelin is metabolized to ceramide to different degrees in distinct T cell subpopulations of mice and humans. This knowledge has already been translated into novel immunomodulatory approaches in mice and will in the future hopefully also be applicable to humans. In this paper we are, thus, summarizing the most recent findings on the impact of sphingolipid metabolism on T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. Moreover, we are discussing the therapeutic concepts arising from these insights and drugs or drug candidates which are already in clinical use or could be developed for clinical use in patients with diseases as distant as major depression and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hollmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Wiese
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Dennstädt
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Santos Roballo KC, Dhungana S, Jiang Z, Oakey J, Bushman JS. Localized delivery of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells to peripheral nerve allografts promotes regeneration of branched segmental defects. Biomaterials 2019; 209:1-9. [PMID: 31022556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Segmental injuries to peripheral nerves (PNs) too often result in lifelong disability or pain syndromes due to a lack of restorative treatment options. For injuries beyond a critical size, a bridging device must be inserted to direct regeneration. PN allografts from immunologically incompatible donors are highly effective bridging devices but are not a regular clinical option because of the expense and health risks of systemic immunosuppression (ISN). We have developed a method to deliver a single administration of ISN localized around a PN allograft that circumvents the risks of systemic ISN. Localized ISN was provided by regulatory T cells (Tregs), a potently immunosuppressive cell type, that was delivered around a PN allograft with a poly(ethylene glycol) norbornene (PEGNB) degradable hydrogel. Tregs are released from the hydrogel over 14 d, infiltrate the graft, suppress the host immune response and facilitate regeneration of the recipient rats equal to the autograft control. Furthermore, this method was effective in a segmental PN defect that included a branch point, for which there currently exist no treatment options. These results show that localized delivery of immunosuppressive cells for PN allografts is an effective new strategy for treating segmental PN defects that can also be used to regenerate complex nerve structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subash Dhungana
- University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- University of Wyoming, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - John Oakey
- University of Wyoming, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jared S Bushman
- University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Many autoimmune diseases develop as a consequence of an altered balance between autoreactive immune cells and suppressive FOXP3+ Treg. Restoring this balance through amplification of Treg represents a promising strategy to treat disease. However, FOXP3+ Treg might become unstable especially under certain inflammatory conditions, and might transform into proinflammatory cytokine-producing cells. The issue of heterogeneity and instability of Treg has caused considerable debate in the field and has important implications for Treg-based immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss how Treg stability is defined and what the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of FOXP3 expression and the regulation of Treg stability are. Also, we elaborate on current strategies used to stabilize human Treg for clinical purposes. This review focuses on human Treg, but considering that cell-intrinsic mechanisms to regulate Treg stability in mice and in humans might be similar, data derived from mice studies are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui He
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,College of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hans Jpm Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hr Slaats
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Milling L, Zhang Y, Irvine DJ. Delivering safer immunotherapies for cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:79-101. [PMID: 28545888 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is now a powerful clinical reality, with a steady progression of new drug approvals and a massive pipeline of additional treatments in clinical and preclinical development. However, modulation of the immune system can be a double-edged sword: Drugs that activate immune effectors are prone to serious non-specific systemic inflammation and autoimmune side effects. Drug delivery technologies have an important role to play in harnessing the power of immune therapeutics while avoiding on-target/off-tumor toxicities. Here we review mechanisms of toxicity for clinically-relevant immunotherapeutics, and discuss approaches based in drug delivery technology to enhance the safety and potency of these treatments. These include strategies to merge drug delivery with adoptive cellular therapies, targeting immunotherapies to tumors or select immune cells, and localizing therapeutics intratumorally. Rational design employing lessons learned from the drug delivery and nanomedicine fields has the potential to facilitate immunotherapy reaching its full potential.
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He X, Smeets RL, van Rijssen E, Boots AM, Joosten I, Koenen HJ. Single CD28 stimulation induces stable and polyclonal expansion of human regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43003. [PMID: 28223693 DOI: 10.1038/srep43003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+FOXP3+ Treg are essential for immune tolerance. Phase-1 clinical trials of Treg-therapy to treat graft-versus-host-disease reported safety and potential therapeutic efficacy. Treg-based trials have started in organ-transplant patients. However, efficient ex vivo expansion of a stable Treg population remains a challenge and exploring novel ways for Treg expansion is a pre-requisite for successful immunotherapy. Based on the recent finding that CD28-signaling is crucial for survival and proliferation of mouse Treg, we studied single-CD28 stimulation of human Treg, without T cell receptor stimulation. Single-CD28 stimulation of human Treg in the presence of recombinant human IL-2(rhIL-2), as compared to CD3/CD28/rhIL-2 stimulation, led to higher expression levels of FOXP3. Although the single-CD28 expanded Treg population was equally suppressive to CD3/CD28 expanded Treg, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-17A/IFNγ) production was strongly inhibited, indicating that single-CD28 stimulation promotes Treg stability. As single-CD28 stimulation led to limited expansion rates, we examined a CD28-superagonist antibody and demonstrate a significant increased Treg expansion that was more efficient than standard anti-CD3/CD28-bead stimulation. CD28-superagonist stimulation drove both naïve and memory Treg proliferation. CD28-superagonist induction of stable Treg appeared both PI3K and mTOR dependent. Regarding efficient and stable expansion of Treg for adoptive Treg-based immunotherapy, application of CD28-superagonist stimulation is of interest.
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Choo EH, Lee JH, Park EH, Park HE, Jung NC, Kim TH, Koh YS, Kim E, Seung KB, Park C, Hong KS, Kang K, Song JY, Seo HG, Lim DS, Chang K. Infarcted Myocardium-Primed Dendritic Cells Improve Remodeling and Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Modulating the Regulatory T Cell and Macrophage Polarization. Circulation 2017; 135:1444-1457. [PMID: 28174192 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses play a critical role in left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) can modulate immune responses, inducing regulatory T cells in a number of inflammatory diseases. METHODS We generated tDCs by treating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and cardiac lysate from MI mice. We injected MI mice, induced by a ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice, twice with tDCs within 24 hours and at 7 days after the ligation. RESULTS In vivo cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo histology confirmed the beneficial effect on postinfarct left ventricular remodeling in MI mice treated with tDCs. Subcutaneously administered infarct lysate-primed tDCs near the inguinal lymph node migrated to the regional lymph node and induced infarct tissue-specific regulatory T-cell populations in the inguinal and mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, and infarcted myocardium, indicating that a local injection of tDCs induces a systemic activation of MI-specific regulatory T cells. These events elicited an inflammatory-to-reparative macrophage shift. The altered immune environment in the infarcted heart resulted in a better wound remodeling, preserved left ventricular systolic function after myocardial tissue damage, and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that tDC therapy in a preclinical model of MI was potentially translatable into an antiremodeling therapy for ischemic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ho Choo
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Eun-Hye Park
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Nam-Chul Jung
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Koh
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Eunmin Kim
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Cheongsoo Park
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Kwan-Soo Hong
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Kwonyoon Kang
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Jie-Young Song
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.).
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9
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Nacka-Aleksić M, Pilipović I, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Kosec D, Bufan B, Vujnović I, Arsenović-Ranin N, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Sexual dimorphism in the aged rat CD4+ T lymphocyte-mediated immune response elicited by inoculation with spinal cord homogenate. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 152:15-31. [PMID: 26408399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering the crucial pathogenic role of CD4+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and the opposite direction of the sexual dimorphism in the severity of the disease in 22-24-and 3-month-old dark agouti rats, sex differences in CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune response in aged rats immunized for EAE were examined and compared with those in young animals. In the inductive phase of EAE, fewer activated CD4+ lymphocytes were retrieved from draining lymph nodes of male (developing less severe disease) compared with female rats, due, at least partly, to their lesser expansion. The former reflected a greater suppressive capacity of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells. Consequently, CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration into the spinal cord of aged male rats was diminished. At the peak of EAE, the frequency of reactivated cells was lower, whereas that of the regulatory CD4+ cells was higher in male rat spinal cord. Consistently, microglial activation and the expression of proinflammatory/damaging cytokines in male rat spinal cord mononuclear cells were diminished. Additionally, the frequency of the highly pathogenic IL-17+IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes infiltrating their spinal cord was lower. Together, these results point to (i) an age-specificity in CD4+ cell-mediated immune response and (ii) mechanisms underlying the sex differences in this response in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vujnović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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10
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Weishaupt A, Paulsen D, Werner S, Wolf N, Köllner G, Rübsamen-Schaeff H, Hünig T, Kerkau T, Beyersdorf N. The T cell-selective IL-2 mutant AIC284 mediates protection in a rat model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 282:63-72. [PMID: 25903730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeting regulatory T cells (Treg cells) with interleukin-2 (IL-2) constitutes a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmunity. As anti-cancer therapy with IL-2 has revealed substantial toxicities a mutated human IL-2 molecule, termed AIC284 (formerly BAY 50-4798), has been developed to reduce these side effects. To assess whether AIC284 is efficacious in autoimmunity, we studied its therapeutic potential in an animal model for Multiple Sclerosis. Treatment of Lewis rats with AIC284 increased Treg cell numbers and protected the rats from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). AIC284 might, thus, also efficiently prevent progression of autoimmune diseases in humans.
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11
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Abstract
Induction of specific immune tolerance to grafts remains the sought-after standard following transplantation. Defined by expression of the Foxp3 (forkhead box protein 3) transcription factor, the regulatory T-cell (Treg) lineage has been noted to exert potent immunoregulatory functions that contribute to specific graft tolerance. In this review, we discuss the known signals and pathways which govern Treg development, both in the thymus and in peripheral sites, as well as lineage maintenance and homeostasis. In particular, we highlight the roles of T-cell receptor signaling, CD28 costimulation, and signals through phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and related metabolic pathways in multiple aspects of Treg biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Huynh
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Brea D, Agulla J, Rodríguez-Yáñez M, Barral D, Ramos-Cabrer P, Campos F, Almeida A, Dávalos A, Castillo J. Regulatory T cells modulate inflammation and reduce infarct volume in experimental brain ischaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1571-9. [PMID: 24889329 PMCID: PMC4190903 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischaemia (stroke) triggers an intense inflammatory response predominately mediated by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and mediators in the ischaemic brain. In this context, regulatory T (Treg) cells, a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, are activated in the late stages of the disease. To date, the potential therapeutic usefulness of Treg cells has not been tested. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Treg cells exert protection/repair following stroke. Both the adoptive transfer of Treg cells into ischaemic rats and the stimulation of endogenous T-cell proliferation using a CD28 superagonist reduced the infarct size at 3–28 days following the ischaemic insult. Moreover, T cell-treated animals had higher levels of FoxP3 and lower levels of IL-1β, CD11b+ and CD68+ cells in the infarcted hemisphere when compared with control animals. However, T-cell treatment did not alter the rate of proliferation of NeuN-, NCAM- or CD31-positive cells, thereby ruling out neurogenesis and angiogenesis in protection. These results suggest that adoptive transfer of T cells is a promising therapeutic strategy against the neurological consequences of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brea
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group and Grup de Recerca en Neurociencies del IGTP, Department of Neurosciences, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias I Pujol-Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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13
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Tan YV, Abad C, Wang Y, Lopez R, Waschek JA. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide deficient mice exhibit impaired thymic and extrathymic regulatory T cell proliferation during EAE. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61200. [PMID: 23613811 PMCID: PMC3628797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that mice deficient in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP, gene name ADCYAP1) manifest enhanced sensitivity to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), supporting the anti-inflammatory actions described for this neuropeptide. In addition to an increased proinflammatory cytokine response in these mice, a reduction in regulatory T cell (Treg) abundance in the lymph nodes (LN) was observed, suggesting altered Treg kinetics. In the present study, we compared in PACAP deficient (KO) vs. wild type mice the abundances and rates of proliferation FoxP3+ Tregs in three sites, the LN, central nervous system (CNS) and thymus and the relative proportions of Th1, Th2, and Th17 effector subsets in the LN and CNS. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a decrease in Treg proliferation and an increased T effector/Tregs ratio in the LN and CNS of PACAP KO mice. In the thymus, the primary site of do novo natural Treg production, the total numbers and proliferative rates of FoxP3+ Tregs were significantly reduced. Moreover, the expression of IL-7, a cytokine implicated in thymic Treg expansion during EAE, failed to increase at the peak of the disease in the thymus and LN of PACAP KO mice. In addition to these Treg alterations, a specific reduction of Th2 cells (about 4-fold) was observed in the lymph nodes in PACAP KO mice, with no effects on Th1 and Th17 subsets, whereas in the CNS, Th1 and Th17 cells were increased and Th2 decreased. Our results suggest that endogenous production of the neuropeptide PACAP protects against EAE by modulating Treg expansion and Th subsets at multiple sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossan-Var Tan
- Semel Institute/Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Catalina Abad
- Semel Institute/Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Semel Institute/Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Lopez
- Semel Institute/Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James A. Waschek
- Semel Institute/Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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15
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Beyersdorf N, Ding X, Hünig T, Kerkau T. Superagonistic CD28 stimulation of allogeneic T cells protects from acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2009; 114:4575-82. [PMID: 19721011 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-218248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) often precludes successful immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies with allogeneic T cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of immunomodulatory superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (CD28-SA) on the capacity of allogeneic T cells to mediate both aGVHD and the protective graft-versus-tumor (GVT) response. In vivo pretreatment of donor C57BL/6 mice or short-term in vitro culture of donor lymph node cells with a CD28-SA efficiently protected BALB/c recipient mice from aGVHD. This protection strongly relied on the presence of CD28-SA-activated CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the donor T-cell inoculum. With respect to the GVT response, CD28-SA-prestimulated T cells were still as potent in clearing lymphoma cells as were T cells without CD28-SA preactivation. Taken together, our data suggest that CD28-SA stimulation of bulk leukocyte cultures in vitro markedly increases the therapeutic window for adoptive immunotherapy with allogeneic T cells in vivo.
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16
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Kitazawa Y, Fujino M, Li XK, Xie L, Ichimaru N, Okumi M, Nonomura N, Tsujimura A, Isaka Y, Kimura H, Hünig T, Takahara S. Superagonist CD28 Antibody Preferentially Expanded Foxp3-Expressing nTreg Cells and Prevented Graft-Versus-Host Diseases. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:627-37. [DOI: 10.1177/096368970901805-619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory lymphocytes play a pivotal role in preventing organ-specific autoimmune disease and in induction and maintenance of tolerance in various experimental transplantation models. The enhancement of the number and activity of peripheral CD4+CD25+ Treg cells is an obvious goal for the treatment of autoimmunity and for the suppression of alloreactions. The present study demonstrates that naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ Treg (nTreg) cells preferentially proliferate to a fourfold increase within 3 days in response to the administration of a single superagonistic CD28-specific monoclonal antibody (supCD28 mAb). The appearance of increased Foxp3 molecules was accompanied with polarization toward a Th2 cytokine profile with decreased production of IFN-γ and increased production of IL-4 and IL-10 in the expanded Treg subset. Adoptive transfer of supCD28 mAb-expanded cells in a graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) model induced a potent inhibition of lethality. These results suggest that this therapeutic effect is mediated by the in vivo expansion of nTreg cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that supCD28-mAb may target nTreg cells in vivo and maintain and enhance their potent regulatory functions for the treatment GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Ichimaru
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Okumi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kimura
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wüurzburg, Wüurzburg, Germany
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Trzonkowski P, Szaryńska M, Myśliwska J, Myśliwski A. Ex vivo expansion of CD4+CD25+T regulatory cells for immunosuppressive therapy. Cytometry A 2009; 75:175-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Singh M, Basu S, Camell C, Couturier J, Nudelman RJ, Medina MA, Rodgers JR, Lewis DE. Selective expansion of memory CD4(+) T cells by mitogenic human CD28 generates inflammatory cytokines and regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1522-32. [PMID: 18446791 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory signals are important for development of effector and regulatory T cells. In this case, CD28 signaling is usually considered inert in the absence of signaling through the TCR. By contrast, mitogenic rat CD28 mAb reportedly expand regulatory T cells without TCR stimulation. We found that a commercially available human CD28 mAb (ANC28) stimulated PBMC without TCR co-ligation or cross-linking; ANC28 selectively expanded CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(-) (Teff) and CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) (Treg) cells. ANC28 stimulated the CD45RO(+) CD4(+) (memory) population, whereas CD45RA(+)CD4(+) (naive) cells did not respond. ANC28 also induced inflammatory cytokines. Treg induced by ANC28 retain the Treg phenotype longer than costimulated Treg. Treg induced by ANC28 suppressed CD25(-) T cells through a contact-dependent mechanism. Purity influenced the response of CD4(+)CD25(+ )cells because bead-purified CD4(+)CD25(+ )cells (85-90% pure) responded strongly to ANC28, whereas 98% pure FACS-sorted CD4(+)CD25(bright) (Treg) did not respond. Purified CD4(+)CD25(int) cells responded similarly to the bead-purified CD4(+)CD25(+) cells. Thus, pre-activated CD4(+) T cells (CD25(int)) respond to ANC28 rather than Treg (CD25(bright)). The ability of ANC28 to expand both effectors producing inflammatory cytokines as well as suppressive regulatory T cells might be useful for ex vivo expansion of therapeutic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Kitazawa Y, Fujino M, Sakai T, Azuma H, Kimura H, Isaka Y, Takahara S, Hünig T, Abe R, Li X. Foxp3-expressing Regulatory T Cells Expanded With CD28 Superagonist Antibody Can Prevent Rat Cardiac Allograft Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:362-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Waibler Z, Sender LY, Merten C, Hartig R, Kliche S, Gunzer M, Reichardt P, Kalinke U, Schraven B. Signaling signatures and functional properties of anti-human CD28 superagonistic antibodies. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1708. [PMID: 18320029 PMCID: PMC2246163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Superagonistic CD28 antibodies (CD28SAs) activate T lymphocytes without concomitant perturbation of the TCR/CD3-complex. In rodents these reagents induce the preferential expansion of regulatory T cells and can be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Unexpectedly, the humanized CD28 superagonist TGN1412 caused severe and life threatening adverse effects during a recently conducted phase I clinical trail. The underlying molecular mechanisms are as yet unclear. We show that TGN1412 as well as the commercially available CD28 superagonist ANC28.1 induce a delayed but extremely sustained calcium response in human naïve and memory CD4+ T cells but not in cynomolgus T lymphocytes. The sustained Ca++-signal was associated with the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways and together these events culminated in the rapid de novo synthesis of high amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, most notably IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Importantly, sustained transmembranous calcium flux, activation of Src-kinases as well as activation of PI3K were found to be absolutely required for CD28SA-mediated production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Collectively, our data suggest a molecular basis for the severe side effects caused by TGN1412 and impinge upon the relevance of non-human primates as preclinical models for reagents that are supposed to modify the function of human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camilla Merten
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Hartig
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reichardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Pillai V, Karandikar NJ. Human regulatory T cells: a unique, stable thymic subset or a reversible peripheral state of differentiation? Immunol Lett 2007; 114:9-15. [PMID: 17945352 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3 is probably the best marker available currently for identifying natural regulatory T cells (T(reg)s) in mice and humans. Evidence from mouse literature suggests that natural FOXP3(+) T(reg)s are formed in the thymus and expand in the periphery to contribute significantly to peripheral T(reg)s. In this review, we discuss recent reports that show that, in humans, the formation of FOXP3(+) T(reg)s is a natural consequence of T cell activation and that de novo peripheral generation of FOXP3(+) T(reg)s is a much more dominant source of circulating T(reg)s than natural thymically derived T(reg)s. We also suggest that the role of T(reg)s in human diseases must be reviewed in light of these new findings and great caution should be exercised in immunotherapeutic interventions that involve the modulation or generation of putative T(reg)s.
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Abstract
Suppressor or "regulatory" CD4 T cells play a key role in the control of autoimmunity and overshooting immune responses to foreign antigens, but can also obstruct effective anticancer therapies. The homeostasis and activation of these regulatory T cells (Treg cells) is tightly connected to that of effector CD4 T cells via the costimulatory receptor CD28 and the cytokine IL-2: Both subsets require costimulation to be activated by antigen, and Treg cells additionally depend on IL-2 produced by effector CD4 T cells in a costimulation-dependent fashion. Depending on the therapeutic aim, blockade, or stimulation of CD28 with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can therefore profoundly affect the size and activity of the Treg compartment. In this chapter, experiments performed in rodents with distinct types of CD28-specific mAb, and the recent failure to translate CD28-driven Treg activation into humans, are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Autoimmunity
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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