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Vashisht R, Kumar U, Jhamb S, Singla R. Comparative evaluation of cleaning efficiency of single file NiTi rotary system during root canal treatment procedure - A scanning electron microscope study. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:316-320. [PMID: 37398853 PMCID: PMC10309122 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_52_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Optimal biomechanical preparation, thorough irrigation, proper disinfection, and finally, well-sealed obturation is a must to attain definitive success in root canal procedure. Proper preparation of the root canal is all the more imperative to establish a hermetic apical seal with adequately placed filling materials. The present study was conducted for comparing the Cleaning Efficiency of F360 system and the WaveOne Gold (WOG) system of rotary NiTi instrumentation for a root canal. Materials and Methods One hundred freshly extracted noncarious mandibular canines were obtained. Access cavity of standard size was made followed by the establishment of working length. Afterward, random division of all the specimens was done into two study groups: group A: the group in which F360 system was used for instrumentation and group B: the group in which the WOG system was used for instrumentation. Irrigations of all the specimens of both the study groups were done followed by root canal shaping by the instrument system of their respective study groups. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for assessment after specimens were cut buccolingually. Debris score and residual smear layer score were used for assessment. Results Among group A specimens, the mean smear layer score at the coronal third, middle third, and apical third was 1.76, 2.39, and 2.65, respectively. Among group B specimens, the mean smear layer score at the coronal third, middle third, and apical third was 1.34, 1.59, and 1.92, respectively. While analyzing statistically, it was seen that the mean smear layer score was significantly higher among specimens of group A in comparison to group B. While analyzing statistically, it was seen that the mean debris score was significantly higher among specimens of group A in comparison to group B. Conclusion The cleaning effectiveness of WOG instruments was significantly enhanced in comparison to F360 equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Vashisht
- Department of Oral Health Science Centre, Unit of Conservative and Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Oral Health Science Centre, Unit of Conservative and Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Swaty Jhamb
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchi Singla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Modern Therapeutic Strategies in Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020333. [PMID: 36837533 PMCID: PMC9965478 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern endodontics aims to reduce or eliminate bacterial load inside root canals [...].
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3
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Iandolo A, Pisano M, Abdellatif D, Sangiovanni G, Pantaleo G, Martina S, Amato A. Smear Layer and Debris Removal from Root Canals Comparing Traditional Syringe Irrigation and 3D Cleaning: An Ex Vivo Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020492. [PMID: 36675419 PMCID: PMC9867447 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endodontic treatment objectives comprise eliminating or decreasing bacterial load inside the complex endodontic space. Removing the smear layer and debris becomes mandatory to achieve good three-dimensional (3D) cleaning. Aim: This study assesses the difference in smear layer removal using the 3D cleaning technique and traditional syringe needle irrigation. The 3D cleaning technique includes the ultrasonic activation of intracanal-heated NaOCl. Materials and Methods: Our current study used single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth to test the earlier-mentioned technique (n = 30). Initially, an endodontic access cavity was performed. Consequently, specimens were randomly distributed into three study groups according to irrigation protocol. The groups were Group 1, where the traditional syringe needle irrigation system was applied; Group 2, where the 3D cleaning technique was performed; and Group 3, in which teeth remained uncleaned as it was regarded as the control group. Once the experiment was completed, the teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Debris and smear layers were viewed in 1000× magnification and scored. Results: Statistical analysis was performed with a standard statistical software package (SPSS, version 28.0; SPSS IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Data were analyzed with a nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal−Wallis ANOVA) among the groups tested and among the thirds of the canals. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower mean smear layer and debris score was observed in both study groups compared to the control group. Group 2 showed better results compared to Group 1. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the 3D cleaning technique is an effective irrigation method for removing debris and smear layers. Future research, such as CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) and Histological study, should be employed to confirm this study’s conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-7028-233
| | - Massimo Pisano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Dina Abdellatif
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | | | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Martina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
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4
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Iandolo A. Modern Endodontics. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 11:dj11010011. [PMID: 36661548 PMCID: PMC9857497 DOI: 10.3390/dj11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of modern endodontics is the complete removal of damaged tissue and bacteria from the endodontic space [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
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5
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Rajamanickam K, Teja KV, Ramesh S, AbuMelha AS, Alkahtany MF, Almadi KH, Bahammam SA, Janani K, Choudhari S, Jose J, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Patil S. Comparative Study Assessing the Canal Cleanliness Using Automated Device and Conventional Syringe Needle for Root Canal Irrigation-An Ex-Vivo Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6184. [PMID: 36143496 PMCID: PMC9504894 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The success of endodontic treatment relies on both apical and coronal sealing. To achieve a good three-dimensional seal, the removal of the smear layer becomes mandatory. This study aims to assess the difference in debris accumulation and smear layer formation while using automated root canal irrigation and conventional syringe needle irrigation. Single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth (n = 30) which were indicated for orthodontic extractions were selected. An endodontic access cavity was prepared, and a glide path was created. Based on the irrigation protocol decided upon for the study, the teeth were randomly allocated into three study groups, namely Group 1, where the manual syringe needle irrigation method was adopted; Group 2, in which automated root canal irrigation was undertaken; and Group 3, in which teeth remained un-instrumented as it was considered the Control group. The teeth were decoronated at the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) and were subjected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. Debris and smear layers were viewed in 1000× magnification and scored. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower mean debris and smear layer score (p < 0.05) was observed in both study groups when compared with the control group. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the debris and smear layer was observed between the manual syringe needle irrigation and automated irrigation, although automated irrigation devices can be a potential alternative. The present study concluded that the efficacy of smear layer removal remained the same with both automated irrigation and manual syringe irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthika Rajamanickam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulaziz S. AbuMelha
- Restorative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen F. Alkahtany
- Department of RDS, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H. Almadi
- Department of RDS, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ahmed Bahammam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamachari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai 600089, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sahil Choudhari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jerry Jose
- Private Practice, Aluva, Ernakulam District, Kochi 683106, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Ahmad MZ, Sadaf D, MacBain MM, Merdad KA. Effect of mode of rotation on apical extrusion of debris with four different single-file endodontic instrumentation systems: Systematic review and meta-analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:202-218. [PMID: 35255170 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether single-file endodontic instrumentation systems with the reciprocating type of motion are responsible for more debris extrusion than single-file endodontic instrumentation systems with the full rotational type of motion. Electronic and manual searches were performed following the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis - PRISMA. We included studies comparing rotary (Neoniti and/ OneShape) versus reciprocating (WaveOne and/ Reciproc) systems. We evaluated the quality of studies and performed statistical analysis using R-Project software. Eight studies of high quality were included to perform the meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was also done. The overall risk of bias was too low. In conclusion, single-file reciprocating systems tend to generate more extrusion of debris than single-file rotary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Ahmad
- Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Durre Sadaf
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcy McCall MacBain
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Khalid A Merdad
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Alakshar A, Saleh ARM, Gorduysus MO. Debris and Smear Layer Removal from Oval Root Canals Comparing XP-Endo Finisher, EndoActivator, and Manual Irrigation: A SEM Evaluation. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:626-633. [PMID: 32777834 PMCID: PMC7535965 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
 This study aimed to assess and compare XP-Endo Finisher (XP) cleaning efficiency with respect to the amount of remaining debris and smear layer versus Max-I-Probe needle (CI), EndoActivator device (EA), and combination of XP-Endo Finisher file with EndoActivator device (XP+EA) in oval root canals.
Materials and Methods
 This
in vitro
study was performed on 36 extracted single root/canal mandibular premolars. Radiographic images were taken in buccolingual and mesiodistal projections to evaluate the shape of the root canal and determine whether it met exclusion criteria. All teeth were decoronated and prepared using Reciproc (R40). The samples were divided randomly into four groups: CI, EA, XP, and XP + EA. The root canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, respectively. Apart from the CI group, both solutions were activated by using the tested techniques for 1 minute.
The teeth were split longitudinally, and the best visible identified sections of the roots were used as the representing samples for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. Each half was divided into the following three parts: 1 mm from the anatomic apex and a standardized photomicrograph with 500x and 1500x magnifications for debris and smear layer were obtained. A five-grade scoring system was utilized to quantify the results at the coronal, middle, and apical regions. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results
 Group differences in debris and smear layer scores were found statistically significant for all locations as well as for overall assessment, except for the coronal third. Intragroup comparison of debris and smear layer in CI, EA, and XP had the minimum score at the middle third, with no significant difference compared with the coronal and apical thirds. XP + EA had less debris and smear layer score at the coronal third, significantly different from apical third.
CI and EA had less debris and smear layer compared with XP and XP + EA at all locations with a significant difference at the middle and apical third (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
 EA and CI showed less debris and smear layer than XP and XP + EA in the middle and apical third. The use of the XP in conjunction with the present irrigation protocol failed to have debris-free dentin surface in the apical portion of most of the root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Alakshar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mehmet Omer Gorduysus
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Rajakumaran A, Ramesh H, Ashok R, Balaji L, Ganesh A. Smear Layer Removal and Microhardness Alteration Potential of a Naturally Occurring Antioxidant - An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2019; 11:e5241. [PMID: 31565639 PMCID: PMC6759042 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is well-known in the field of endodontics that the presence of a smear layer in the root canals can harbor bacteria and limit the penetration of irrigating solutions and intracanal medications into the dentinal tubules which, in turn, causes the failure of endodontic treatment. Removing the entire smear layer throughout the root canal is essential for the success of endodontic treatment and these chemical agents that facilitate the removal of the smear layer are called chelating agents. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), being the most widely used chelating agent, brings about increased reduction in the microhardness of the root dentin, thereby making it friable. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is naturally occurring antioxidant that has various beneficial properties for the human being. Several studies have been done in determining the antimicrobial efficacy of NAC against various endodontic pathogens and concluded NAC to be advantageous. The chelating property of NAC has been utilized in heavy metal detoxification, where it binds to the metal ion and removes them from the human system. However, this chelating property has not been explored in the field of endodontics. Aim: This study was aimed to compare the ability of N-acetyl cysteine with the conventional chelating agent in the removal of the smear layer and in altering the microhardness of root dentin. Materials and Methodology: A total of 84 single-rooted human mandibular premolars with relatively similar dimension and morphology, freshly extracted with closed apices, were collected from adult patients. The crowns of all specimens were cut transversally at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) with the double-faced diamond disc at low speed, with water coolant, to obtain a 12 mm root length. The root canals were randomly divided into three equal groups according to the final irrigation solutions: Group I: 17% EDTA, Group II: 20% NAC, and Group III: distilled water (control). They were then randomly divided into two parts: scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis for the extent of smear layer removal and microhardness evaluation using the Vicker’s hardness test. Results: The smear layer removal ability of EDTA and NAC were more effective in the coronal and middle thirds of the root canal. However, both groups showed less smear layer removal in the apical region. Specimens treated with distilled water showed the least reduction in the smear layer throughout the length of the root canals. Regarding the evaluation of microhardness, both EDTA and NAC had a significant reduction in root dentin microhardness. However, the percentage of dentin microhardness reduction was significantly more in the EDTA group (p < 0.05) than N-acetyl cysteine in the coronal, middle, and apical third of the root canals. Conclusion: The chelating property of NAC is equally effective to that of EDTA in the smear layer from the root canal, and it induced a significantly lesser reduction in microhardness of root dentin than EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arasappan Rajakumaran
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Hasini Ramesh
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Rupa Ashok
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Lakshmi Balaji
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Arathi Ganesh
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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9
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Jara CM, Hartmann RC, Böttcher DE, Souza TS, Gomes MS, Figueiredo JAP. Influence of apical enlargement on the repair of apical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1261-1270. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Jara
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - R. C. Hartmann
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - D. E. Böttcher
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - T. S. Souza
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. S. Gomes
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J. A. P. Figueiredo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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10
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Iandolo A, Amato M, Dagna A, Poggio C, Abdellatif D, Franco V, Pantaleo G. Intracanal heating of sodium hypochlorite: Scanning electron microscope evaluation of root canal walls. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:569-573. [PMID: 30294123 PMCID: PMC6161513 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_245_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface of root canals dentine using scanning electron microscope (SEM) after instrumentation with rotary Nickel-Titanium systems and two different protocols of activation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (extracanal heating at 50°C and intracanal heating at 180°C), to assess the presence/absence of smear layer and also the presence/absence of open dentinal tubules along the walls at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each sample. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were selected, divided into three groups and shaped with ProTaper Universal instruments following irrigation protocols with 5.25% NaOCl. At the end of the preparation, three different protocols of activation were used: nonheated NaOCl in Group A, extra-canal heated NaOCl at 50°C for Group B and intracanal heated NaOCl at 180°C for Group C. Specimens were cut longitudinally and analyzed by SEM at standard magnification of ×1000. The presence/absence of the smear layer as well as the presence/absence of open tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were estimated using a five-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined at P < 0.05. Results: Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) for debris score showed significant differences among the Ni-Ti systems (P < 0.05). Mann–Whitney test confirmed that Group A presented significantly higher score values than other Ni-Ti systems. The same results were assessed considering the smear layer scores. ANOVA confirmed that the apical third of the canal maintained a higher quantity of debris and smear layer after preparation of all the samples. Discussion and Conclusions: Intra-canal heating of NaOCl at 180°C proved to be more effective in obtaining clean canal walls. On the other hand, extra-canal heating at 50°C of NaOCl left a higher quantity of debris and the smear layer was widely represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alberto Dagna
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, Endodontic Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, Endodontic Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dina Abdellatif
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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11
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Vallabhaneni S, Fatima K, Kumar TH. Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of root canal transportation using WaveOne Gold and Neoniti single-file systems. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:434-438. [PMID: 29430097 PMCID: PMC5799991 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_206_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare canal transportation of two single-file systems, WaveOne Gold and Neoniti, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: A total of 40 mesiobuccal canals of maxillary first molars with curvatures of 15°–30° were chosen and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 20). In both groups, glide path was established using ProGlider. In group 1, canals were shaped with WaveOne Gold and in group 2 with Neoniti A1, respectively. According to manufacturer's instructions, canal preparation was made. Canals were scanned before and after instrumentation using CBCT scanner to evaluate root canal transportation at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex. Data were statistically analyzed, and significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Mesiodistal and buccolingual transportation showed a statistically significant difference at 3 mm (P = 0.009) and 7 mm (P = 0.002), respectively, when instrumented with Neoniti than WaveOne Gold. Conclusion: WaveOne Gold single reciprocation file respected original canal anatomy better than Neoniti single continuous file
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Vallabhaneni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Kainath Fatima
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Twino H Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, P.M.N.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
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12
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Dagna A, Gastaldo G, Beltrami R, Poggio C. Debris Evaluation after Root Canal Shaping with Rotating and Reciprocating Single-File Systems. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:E28. [PMID: 27763503 PMCID: PMC5197987 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the root canal dentine surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) after shaping with two reciprocating single-file NiTi systems and two rotating single-file NiTi systems, in order to verify the presence/absence of the smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules along the walls of each sample; Forty-eight single-rooted teeth were divided into four groups and shaped with OneShape (OS), F6 SkyTaper (F6), WaveOne (WO) and Reciproc and irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Root canal walls were analyzed by SEM at a standard magnification of 2500×. The presence/absence of the smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were estimated using a five-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined at P < 0.05; The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA for debris score showed significant differences among the NiTi systems (P < 0.05). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed that reciprocating systems presented significantly higher score values than rotating files. The same results were assessed considering the smear layer scores. ANOVA confirmed that the apical third of the canal maintained a higher quantity of debris and smear layer after preparation of all the samples; Single-use NiTi systems used in continuous rotation appeared to be more effective than reciprocating instruments in leaving clean walls. The reciprocating systems produced more debris and smear layer than rotating instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dagna
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gastaldo
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Beltrami
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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Dagna A, Gastaldo G, Beltrami R, Chiesa M, Poggio C. F360 and F6 Skytaper: SEM evaluation of cleaning efficiency. ANNALI DI STOMATOLOGIA 2016; 6:69-74. [PMID: 26941891 DOI: 10.11138/ads/2015.6.3.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Root canal preparation may produce a large quantity of smear layer that covers canal walls. Single-file systems have recently appeared, with the aim of reducing the number of steps and files to reach a correct endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate by SEM the root canal walls after instrumentation with F360 (Komet, Brasseler GmbH & Co., Lemgo, Germany) and F6 Skytaper (Komet, Brasseler GmbH & Co., Lemgo, Germany), in order to evaluate the presence/absence of smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules on the root canal walls at coronal, middle, and apical third of each sample. METHODS Twenty single-rooted freshly extracted teeth were selected and divided into 2 groups. For each group root canals were shaped with F360 (Komet, Brasseler GmbH & Co., Lemgo, Germany) and F6 Skytaper (Komet, Brasseler GmbH & Co., Lemgo, Germany) instruments under irrigation with 5,25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Specimens were fractured longitudinally and analyzed by SEM at standard magnification of 5000x. The presence/absence of smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were evaluated using a 5-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined at P <0.05. RESULTS This study did not reveal differences among two groups at the coronal and apical third. The apical third showed the highest values of scores for all Ni-Ti systems used. Significant differences in smear layer scores were recorded among the Ni-Ti systems at middle canal level (P < 0.05), where F6 Skytaper showed significantly lower scores than F360. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this study, F360 and F6 Skytaper rotary instruments seem to be effective in shaping root canals with good debridement from canal walls, without significant differences between the two systems as it regards the coronal third and the apical third, the area where more debris is still visible. Instead, in the middle third F6 Skytaper seems to be more effective than F360, with statistically significative differences between the two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dagna
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Gastaldo
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Beltrami
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
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Cleaning Effectiveness of Three NiTi Rotary Instruments: A Focus on Biomaterial Properties. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:66-76. [PMID: 25692796 PMCID: PMC4384101 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are commonly used for shaping the root canal system in endodontic practice. They are more flexible and have better cutting efficiency than conventional stainless steel files. The superelasticity of NiTi rotary files allows the clinicians to produce the desirable tapered root canal form with a reduced tendency to canal transportation and instrument fracture. HyFlex CM instruments are new NiTi rotary instruments with shape memory produced by an innovative methodology (patent pending) that uses a complex heating and cooling treatment that controls the material’s memory. The aim of the present study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of two conventional (Mtwo, Revo-S) Ni-Ti rotary instruments with HyFlex CM. 30 single-rooted freshly extracted teeth were divided into three groups. Root canals were shaped with three NiTi instruments (Mtwo, Revo-S and HyFlex CM) using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solutions. Specimens were fractured longitudinally and prepared for SEM analysis at standard magnification of 1000×. The presence/absence of debris smear layer and the presence/absence of smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were evaluated using a 5-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined at P < 0.05. This study revealed significant differences among the various groups. Despite some minor differences, all instruments removed smear layer and debris produced during instrumentation. HyFlex CM seem to be not so effective in promoting cleanliness of root canal walls and in removing smear layer from dentine if compared to Mtwo and Revo-S.
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Effects of NiTi rotary and reciprocating instruments on debris and smear layer scores: an SEM evaluation. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2014; 12:256-62. [PMID: 24425380 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cleaning efficacy of 2 different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems: a new single system Reciproc compared with the rotary full sequence Mtwo. The amount of debris and the morphology of smear layer were the parameters for the evaluation of the cleanliness of root canals. The null hypothesis of the study was that there would be no significant difference in debris scores and smear layer scores between the 2 systems. 
 METHODS Forty single-rooted freshly extracted teeth were selected and divided into 2 groups. For each group, all root canals were shaped with 2 different NiTi instruments (Mtwo and Reciproc) and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions by 3 trained operators. Specimens were fractured longitudinally and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis at a standard magnification of ×5,000. The presence/absence of smear layer and the presence/absence of debris at the coronal, middle and apical third of each canal were evaluated using two 5-step scales for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests, and significance was set at a P value <0.05. 
 RESULTS This study revealed significant differences among the various groups. The Mtwo group presented significantly lower smear layer scores than the Reciproc group (P<0.01) in the middle and apical third of the canal. 
 CONCLUSIONS Conventional continuous rotary NiTi instruments associated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solutions seem to be better for obtaining clean dentinal canal walls. Reciprocating instruments leave a higher quantity of smear layer which covers dentinal walls and dentinal tubules.
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Poggio C, Dagna A, Chiesa M, Beltrami R, Colombo M. Ultrastructural analysis of the root canal walls after preparation with two rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5:357-60. [PMID: 25191073 PMCID: PMC4147813 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.137948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Root canal preparation may produce a large quantity of smear layer that covers canal walls. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) the root canal dentine after instrumentation with nickel-titanium rotary files, in order to evaluate the presence/absence of smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules on the root canal walls at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each sample. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 single-rooted freshly extracted teeth were selected and divided into two groups. For each group, root canals were shaped with Mtwo and Revo-S instruments under irrigation with Sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Specimens were fractured longitudinally and SEM analyzed at standard magnification of ×1000 and ×5000. The presence/absence of smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were evaluated using a three-step scale for scores. Statistical Analysis Used: Numeric data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-Statistical tests and significance was pre-determined at P < 0.05. Results and Conclusions: This study did not reveal differences among the two groups. Mtwo and Revo-S showed no significant difference between them and both presented very low smear layer scores and open tubules scores, with no significant difference among coronal, middle, and apical third. Mtwo and Revo-S rotary instruments seem to be effective in removing smear layer from canal walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Dagna
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
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Whitbeck ER, Swenson K, Tordik PA, Kondor SA, Webb TD, Sun J. Effect of EDTA preparations on rotary root canal instrumentation. J Endod 2014; 41:92-6. [PMID: 25190604 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rotary instrumentation using saline, EDTA 17% solution, or RC-Prep (Premier Dental, Philadelphia, PA) resulted in differences in root canal transportation. The secondary objective was to assess if instrumentation using these agents caused changes in the working length and canal volume. METHODS Moderately curved mesiobuccal roots of 24 maxillary molars were standardized in length and randomized into 1 control and 2 experimental groups. The canals were instrumented with 0.04 taper rotary files to size #30. All groups were irrigated with saline. Group 1 was also irrigated using EDTA 17% solution (Pulpdent Corp, Watertown, MA), and in group 2, RC-Prep was used. X-ray micro-computed tomographic scans and working length measurements were made before and after instrumentation. Three-dimensional models were created from the pre- and postinstrumentation scan data and compared for volume changes. Centroid points were calculated in cross-sectional slices of the canals, and transportation was determined by measuring the distance between the pre- and postinstrumentation points. The data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) and the Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Less transportation was observed in group 2 than in group 1 (P = .001) and the control group (P = .014). Transportation in group 1 and the control group was not significantly different. Canal volume in group 1 was increased relative to group 2 (P = .004) and the control group (P = .022). No significant differences in the working length were observed. CONCLUSIONS The use of chelating agents during root canal instrumentation did not significantly increase apical transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelli Swenson
- Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Terry D Webb
- Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jirun Sun
- Dr Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Giannastasio D, Rosa RAD, Peres BU, Barreto MS, Dotto GN, Kuga MC, Pereira JR, Só MVR. Wizard CD Plus and ProTaper Universal: analysis of apical transportation using new software. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 21:468-74. [PMID: 24212994 PMCID: PMC3881847 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study has two aims: 1) to evaluate the apical transportation of the Wizard CD Plus and ProTaper Universal after preparation of simulated root canals; 2) to compare, with Adobe Photoshop, the ability of a new software (Regeemy) in superposing and subtracting images. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty five simulated root canals in acrylic-resin blocks (with 20º curvature) underwent cone beam computed tomography before and after preparation with the rotary systems (70 kVp, 4 mA, 10 s and with the 8×8 cm FoV selection). Canals were prepared up to F2 (ProTaper) and 24.04 (Wizard CD Plus) instruments and the working length was established to 15 mm. The tomographic images were imported into iCAT Vision software and CorelDraw for standardization. The superposition of pre- and post-instrumentation images from both systems was performed using Regeemy and Adobe Photoshop. The apical transportation was measured in millimetres using Image J. Five acrylic resin blocks were used to validate the superposition achieved by the software. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to evaluate the apical transportation achieved by the rotary systems using each software individually. Student's t-test for paired samples was used to compare the ability of each software in superposing and subtracting images from one rotary system per time. RESULTS The values obtained with Regeemy and Adobe Photoshop were similar to rotary systems (P>0.05). ProTaper Universal and Wizard CD Plus promoted similar apical transportation regardless of the software used for image's superposition and subtraction (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Wizard CD Plus and ProTaper Universal promoted little apical transportation. Regeemy consists in a feasible software to superpose and subtract images and appears to be an alternative to Adobe Photoshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Giannastasio
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto AlegreRS, Brazil
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Can EDB, Gerek M, Kayahan MB, Mohsenı K, Sunay H, Bayirli G. Comparision of two different preparation protocol of Ni-Ti Rotary PathFile-ProTaper instruments in simulated s-shaped canals. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:76-80. [PMID: 23796310 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.805430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to compare the root canal transportation with the PathFile-ProTaper recommended protocol, PathFile-ProTaper modified protocol and stainless steel K-flexofiles. METHODS Forty-five ISO 15, 0.02 taper S-shaped Endo Training Blocks were divided randomly into three groups of 15 each and prepared as follows: PathFile-Protaper recommended protocol, Pathfile-Protaper modified protocol and manual preparation with K-Flexofiles. The amount of transportation was assessed by scanning the blocks before and after preparation and superimposing the images. The cutting effects of the instruments from the inner and outer aspects of the root canals were measured and statistically analyzed with the One-way Anova test and Tukey HSD test. RESULTS Manual preparation caused significantly more transportation than both PathFile-Protaper systems. There was no significant difference regarding transportation between the two Pathfile-Protaper protocols. CONCLUSION The modified Pathfile-Protaper protocol transported the canal similar to the recommended Pathfile-Protaper protocol. It may be suggested that, while working safety remains unchanged, the shaping procedure and consequently working time can be shortened with fewer instruments. The results of this study can help clinicians to reduce the preparation time with the PathFile-ProTaper rotary system while the preparation quality remains the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elıf Delve Başer Can
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Robinson JP, Lumley PJ, Cooper PR, Grover LM, Walmsley AD. Reciprocating Root Canal Technique Induces Greater Debris Accumulation Than a Continuous Rotary Technique as Assessed by 3-Dimensional Micro–Computed Tomography. J Endod 2013; 39:1067-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Elsherief SM, Zayet MK, Hamouda IM. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of curved root canals after mechanical preparation with three nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Biomed Res 2013; 27:326-35. [PMID: 23885273 PMCID: PMC3721042 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone beam computed tomography is a 3-dimensional high resolution imaging method. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different NiTi rotary instruments used to prepare curved root canals on the final shape of the curved canals and total amount of root canal transportation by using cone-beam computed tomography. A total of 81 mesial root canals from 42 extracted human mandibular molars, with a curvature ranging from 15 to 45 degrees, were selected. Canals were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 each. After preparation with Protaper, Revo-S and Hero Shaper, the amount of transportation and centering ability that occurred were assessed by using cone beam computed tomography. Utilizing pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs, straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. Canals were metrically assessed for changes (surface area, changes in curvature and transportation) during canal preparation by using software SimPlant; instrument failures were also recorded. Mean total widths and outer and inner width measurements were determined on each central canal path and differences were statistically analyzed. The results showed that all instruments maintained the original canal curvature well with no significant differences between the different files (P = 0.226). During preparation there was failure of only one file (the protaper group). In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, all instruments maintained the original canal curvature well and were safe to use. Areas of uninstrumented root canal wall were left in all regions using the various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. Elsherief
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 65239, Egypt;
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed K. Zayet
- Lecturer of Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 65239, Egypt;
| | - Ibrahim M. Hamouda
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 715, Saudi Arabia.
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Valutazione in vitro dell’affaticamento di strumenti rotanti in nichel-titanio. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Freire LG, Gavini G, Cunha RS, Santos MD. Assessing apical transportation in curved canals: comparison between cross-sections and micro-computed tomography. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:222-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N, Porkodi I, Pradeep G. Canal-centering ability: An endodontic challenge. J Conserv Dent 2011; 12:3-9. [PMID: 20379433 PMCID: PMC2848810 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.53334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During instrumentation of the root canal, it is important to develop a continuously tapered form and to maintain the original shape and position of the apical foramen. However, the presence of curvatures may cause difficulty in root canal instrumentation. The ability to keep the instruments centered is essential to provide a correct enlargement, without excessive weakening of the root structure. Several studies have shown that Ni-Ti instruments remain significantly more centered and demonstrated less canal transportation than stainless steel files. Considerable research has been undertaken to understand the several factors related to an instrument's canal-centering ability. In this article, we have discussed the influence of various parameters such as alloys used in the manufacture of instruments, instrument cross-section, taper, and have given tips on canal-centering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivanayagam Kandaswamy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College, Porur, Chennai - 600 116, India
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Nordmeyer S, Schnell V, Hülsmann M. Comparison of root canal preparation using Flex Master Ni-Ti and Endo-Eze AET stainless steel instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:251-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zarei M, Talati A, Mortazavi M, Zarch HH, Javidi M, Bidokhty HA. In-vitro evaluation of the effect of canal curvature on adaptation of gutta-percha in canals obturated with HEROfill system by CBCT. J Oral Sci 2011; 53:43-50. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.53.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Rödig T, Döllmann S, Konietschke F, Drebenstedt S, Hülsmann M. Effectiveness of Different Irrigant Agitation Techniques on Debris and Smear Layer Removal in Curved Root Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Endod 2010; 36:1983-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fornari VJ, Silva-Sousa YTC, Vanni JR, Pécora JD, Versiani MA, Sousa-Neto MD. Histological evaluation of the effectiveness of increased apical enlargement for cleaning the apical third of curved canals. Int Endod J 2010; 43:988-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Madureira RG, Forner Navarro L, Llena MC, Costa M. Shaping ability of nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated S-shaped root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:e136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nadalin MR, Perez DEDC, Vansan LP, Paschoala C, Souza-Neto MD, Saquy PC. Effectiveness of different final irrigation protocols in removing debris in flattened root canals. Braz Dent J 2009; 20:211-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402009000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated in vitro the capacity of debris removal from the apical third of flattened root canals, using different final irrigation protocols. Thirty human mandibular central incisors with a mesiodistal flattened root were prepared using rotary instrumentation by Endo-Flare 25.12 and Hero 642 30.06, 35.02, 40.02 files, irrigated with 2 mL of 1% NaOCl after each file. The specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups according to the final irrigation of root canals: Group I: 10 mL of distilled water (control), Group II: 10 mL of 1% NaOCl for 8 min, Group III: 2 mL of 1% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times), Group IV: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 8 min, and Group V: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times). The apical thirds of the specimens were subjected to histological processing and 6-μm cross-sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The specimens were examined under optical microscopy at ×40 magnification and the images were subjected to morphometric analysis using the Scion image-analysis software. The total area of root canal and the area with debris were measured in square millimeters. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among the groups GI (2.39 ± 3.59), GII (2.91 ± 2.21), GIII (0.73 ± 1.36), GIV (0.95 ± 0.84) and GV (0.51 ± 0.22). In conclusion, the final irrigation protocols evaluated in this study using the Luer syringe presented similar performance in the removal of debris from the apical third of flattened root canals.
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ElAyouti A, Chu AL, Kimionis I, Klein C, Weiger R, Löst C. Efficacy of rotary instruments with greater taper in preparing oval root canals. Int Endod J 2008; 41:1088-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cutting Efficiency of Five Different Types of Rotary Nickel–Titanium Instruments. J Endod 2008; 34:198-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ounsi HF, Al-Shalan T, Salameh Z, Grandini S, Ferrari M. Quantitative and Qualitative Elemental Analysis of Different Nickel–Titanium Rotary Instruments by Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. J Endod 2008; 34:53-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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