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Randers MB, Hagman M, Christensen JF, Póvoas S, Nielsen JJ, Krustrup P. Health and performance effects of 12 weeks of small-sided street football training compared to grass football training in habitually active young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:805-813. [PMID: 37714931 PMCID: PMC10879242 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the health and exercise performance effects of street football training on very small pitches surrounded by boards in young habitually active men in comparison to small-sided football training on grass. METHODS Thirty-nine habitually active men (30.7 ± 6.7 years, 90.9 ± 16.6 kg, 183.8 ± 4.5 cm, 39.6 ± 6.0 mL/min/kg) were randomly assigned to a street football training group (ST) or grass football group (GR) playing small-sided games for 70 min, 1.5 and 1.7 times per week for 12 weeks, respectively, or an inactive control group (CO). Intensity during training was measured using heart rate (HR) and GPS units. Pre- and post-intervention, a test battery was completed. RESULTS Mean HR (87.1 ± 5.0 vs. 84.0 ± 5.3%HRmax; P > 0.05) and percentage of training time above 90%HRmax (44 ± 28 vs. 34 ± 24%; P > 0.05) were not different between ST and GR. VO2max increased (P < 0.001) by 3.6[95% CI 1.8;5.4]mL/min/kg in GR with no significant change in ST or CO. HR during running at 8 km/h decreased (P < 0.001) by 14[10;17]bpm in ST and by 12[6;19]bpm in GR, with no change in CO. No changes were observed in blood pressure, resting HR, total body mass, lean body mass, whole-body bone mineral density, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma insulin, total cholesterol(C), LDL-C or HDL-C. Moreover, no changes were observed in Yo-Yo IE2 performance, 30-m sprint time, jump length or postural balance. CONCLUSION Small-sided street football training for 12 weeks with 1-2 weekly sessions led to improvements in submaximal exercise capacity only, whereas recreational grass football training confirmed previous positive effects on submaximal exercise capacity as well as cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Marie Hagman
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Póvoas
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Jens Jung Nielsen
- Sport of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Sandercock G. The Standard Error/Standard Deviation Mix-Up: Potential Impacts on Meta-Analyses in Sports Medicine. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-023-01989-9. [PMID: 38270793 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent review found that 45% of meta-analyses included statistical errors, of which, the most common was the calculation of effect sizes based on standard error (SE) rather than standard deviation (SD) [the SE/SD mix-up]. OBJECTIVES The first aim of this study was to assess the impact of the SE/SD mix-up on the results of one highly cited meta-analysis. Our second aim was to identify one potential source of the SE/SD mix-up, by assessing how often SE is reported as a measure of sample variability in randomised controlled trials in sports medicine. METHODS We checked for potential SE/SD mix-ups in a 2015 meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials reporting the effects of recreational football interventions on aerobic fitness in adults. We corrected effect sizes affected by SE/SD mix-ups and re-analysed the data according to the original methodology. We compared pooled estimates of effect sizes from our re-analysis of corrected values with those of the original study. To assess how often SE was reported instead of SD as a measure of sample variance, we text mined results of randomised controlled trials from seven sports medicine journals and reported the proportion reporting of SE versus SD. RESULTS We identified potential SE/SD mix-ups in 9/16 effect sizes included in the meta-analysis describing the effects of football-based interventions versus non-exercise control. The published effect size was standardised mean difference (SMD) = 1.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91, 2.01). After correcting for SE/SD mix-ups, our re-analysis produced a smaller pooled estimate (SMD = 0.54 [95% CI 0.37, 0.71]). The original pooled estimate for trials comparing football versus running interventions was SMD = 0.68 (95% CI 0.06, 1.4). After correcting for SE/SD mix-ups and re-analysis, the effect was no longer statistically significant (SMD = 0.20 [95% CI - 0.10, 0.49)]). We found that 19.3% of randomised controlled trials reported SE rather than SD to describe sample variability. The relative frequency of the practice ranged from 0 to 25% across the seven journals sampled. CONCLUSIONS We found the SE/SD mix-up had inflated estimates for the effects of football on aerobic fitness. Meta-analysts should be vigilant to avoid miscalculating effect sizes. Authors, reviewers and editors should avoid and discourage (respectively) the practice of reporting SE as a measure of sample variability in sports medicine research.
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Teixeira JMM, Motta-Santos D, Milanovic Z, Pereira RL, Krustrup P, Póvoas S. Intermittent high-intensity exercise for pre- to established hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:364-381. [PMID: 36579740 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of intermittent high-intensity exercise training ([IHIE], including high-intensity interval training [HIIT] and recreational team sports [RTS]) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults with pre- to established arterial hypertension. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and SPORTDiscus. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the impact of IHIE on BP versus a non-exercise control. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently conducted all procedures. Mean differences were calculated using random-effects model. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with GRADE. RESULTS Twenty-seven RCTs (18 HIIT and 9 RTS) were analyzed, with median duration of 12 weeks. Participants' (n = 946) median age was 46 years. Overall, IHIE decreased SBP (-3.29 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.19, -1.39) and DBP (-2.62 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.79, -1.44) compared to the control group. IHIE elicited higher decreases in office SBP and DBP of hypertensive subjects (SBP: -7.13 mmHg, [95% CI: -10.12, -4.15]; DBP: -5.81 mmHg, [95% CI: -7.94, -3.69]) than pre-hypertensive (SBP: -2.14 mmHg, [95% CI: -4.36, -0.08]; DBP: -1.83 mmHg, [95% CI: -2.99, -0.67]). No significant differences were found between HIIT (SBP: -2.12 mmHg, [95% CI: -4.78, -0.54]; DBP: -1.89 mmHg, [95% CI: -3.32, -0.48]) and RTS (SBP: -4.18 mmHg, [95% CI: -7.19, -2.43]; DBP: -4.04 mmHg, [95% CI: -6.00, -2.09]). These findings present low/very low certainty of evidence. No adverse cardiovascular events were reported. CONCLUSIONS IHIE appears to be safe and to promote substantial decreases in BP, particularly in patients with hypertension. However, the certainty of evidence was low/very low. PROTOCOL CRD42020163575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M M Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Department, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Zoran Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Incubator of Kinanthropological Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rita L Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Department of Physical Education and Sports Training, Shanghai University of Sport (SUS), Shanghai, China.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susana Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Modena R, Impellizzeri FM, Fornasiero A, Schena F. Effects of Low vs Moderate Dose of Recreational Football on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:1047-1055. [PMID: 35658800 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2086488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of recreational football performed once (LOW) vs. twice (MOD) a week on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy, sedentary men. Body composition, resting blood pressure, blood lipid profile and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured at baseline, after a 12-week control and training period, using an interrupted time series study (study 1, n=18: n=8, LOW and n=10, MOD) nested in a randomised parallel trial (study 2, n=34: n=18 LOW and n=16 MOD). After the intervention in the study 1, LDL-Cholesterol (-12.3 mg•dL-1 [-22.7 to -2.0]) and VO2max (4.5 ml•kg-¹•min-¹ [1.2 to 7.8 ]) changed in LOW whereas differences were found in weight (-2.1 kg [-3.7 to -0.4]), BMI (-0.7 kg•m-2 [-1.2 to -0.1]), total cholesterol (-22.2 mg•dL-1 [-36.0 to -8.4]), no-HDL-cholesterol (-17.5 mg•dL-1 [-30.5 to -4.5]), LDL-cholesterol (-14.9 mg•dL-1 [-23.6 to -6.2]) and VO2max (5.7 ml•kg-¹•min-¹ [2.8 to 8.6]) in MOD. Study 2 showed no evidence of differences between groups. Our results therefore, suggest positive health effects of recreational football even when performed at low frequency as it can happen in real context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Modena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CeRiSM (Research Centre in Mountain Sport and Health), University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Fornasiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CeRiSM (Research Centre in Mountain Sport and Health), University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CeRiSM (Research Centre in Mountain Sport and Health), University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
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Zhu Z, Yan W, Yu Q, Wu P, Bigambo FM, Chen J. Association between Exercise and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Residents: A Meta-Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:2453805. [PMID: 35069755 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2453805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is recommended as an effective lifestyle behaviour for adults to prevent and treat hypertension. In this study, a randomized-effect meta-analysis was used to analyse the influence of exercise interventions on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. METHODS Candidate papers were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases, and 46 studies were finally included and analysed. RESULTS It was shown that preplanned walking (systolic blood pressure (SBP): WMD (weighted mean difference) = -5.94, 95% CI: -8.57, -3.30; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): WMD = -2.66, 95% CI: -3.66, -1.67), yoga (SBP: WMD = -5.09, 95% CI: -9.28, -0.89; DBP: WMD = -3.06, 95% CI: -5.16, -0.96), aquatic sports (SBP WMD = -7.53, 95% CI: -11.40, -3.65; DBP: WMD = -5.35, 95% CI: -9.00, -1.69), and football (SBP: WMD = -6.06, 95% CI: -9.30, -2.82; DBP: WMD = -5.55, 95% CI: -8.98, -2.13) had significant effects on blood pressure reduction. However, Tai Chi (SBP: WMD = -8.31, 95% CI: -20.39, 3.77; DBP: WMD = -3.05, 95% CI: -6.96, 0.87) and Qigong (SBP: WMD = -4.34, 95% CI: -13.5, 4.82; DBP: WMD = -3.44, 95% CI: -7.89, 1.01) did not significantly reduce blood pressure. The heterogeneity of the meta-analysis was high. CONCLUSION Walking, yoga, aquatic sports, and football were feasible and independent lifestyle interventions, and they were effective options for treating hypertension. More scientifically designed randomized controlled trials are needed in the future to further compare different forms of exercise for the treatment of hypertension.
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Schneider VM, Frank P, Fuchs SC, Ferrari R. Effects of recreational sports and combined training on blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111549. [PMID: 34509590 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined resistance and aerobic training (CT) is the most suitable form of exercise training to simultaneously improve strength and cardiometabolic profile in middle-aged and older adults. Recreational sports (RS) emerge as an alternative to CT to improve these outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis on the effects of RS and CT on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in middle-aged and older adults and to compare these exercise interventions to a non-exercising control group (CON). METHODS Search was conducted using the databases at PubMed, COCHRANE and SciELO between July and August 2020. Studies that included men and women aged ≥45 years, healthy or with values for SBP ≥130 mmHg or DBP ≥80 mmHg or with type 2 diabetes and performed RS or CT versus CON. RESULTS From 6017 records, 27 studies were included (9 RS and 18 CT). The analysis included 1411 participants with 55 ± 8 years. RS and CT were associated with reductions in SBP (RS: -7.2 mmHg, P = 0.03; CT: -3.6 mmHg, P < 0.001) and DBP (RS: -3.6 mmHg, P = 0.02; CT: -3.1 mmHg, P < 0.001) versus CON. Only CT was associated with a reduction in HbA1c versus CON (-0.47%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RS and CT are effective exercise interventions to improve BP in middle-aged and older adults. CT seems to be an excellent strategy to reduce HbA1c, and future studies are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of RS to improve HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius M Schneider
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Frank
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Fuchs
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Zouhal H, Hammami A, Tijani JM, Jayavel A, de Sousa M, Krustrup P, Sghaeir Z, Granacher U, Ben Abderrahman A. Effects of Small-Sided Soccer Games on Physical Fitness, Physiological Responses, and Health Indices in Untrained Individuals and Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 50:987-1007. [PMID: 31989457 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-sided soccer games (SSSG) are a specific exercise regime with two small teams playing against each other on a relatively small pitch. There is evidence from original research that SSSG exposure provides performance and health benefits for untrained adults. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to summarize recent evidence on the acute and long-term effects of SSSG on physical fitness, physiological responses, and health indices in healthy untrained individuals and clinical populations. METHODS This systematic literature search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) from inception until June 2019. The following key terms (and synonyms searched for by the MeSH database) were included and combined using the operators "AND", "OR", "NOT": ((soccer OR football) AND ("soccer training" OR "football training" OR "soccer game*" OR "small-sided soccer game*") AND ("physical fitness" OR "physiological adaptation*" OR "physiological response*" OR health OR "body weight" OR "body mass" OR "body fat" OR "bone composition" OR "blood pressure")). The search syntax initially identified 1145 records. After screening for titles, abstracts, and full texts, 41 studies remained that examined the acute (7 studies) and long-term effects (34 studies) of SSSG-based training on physical fitness, physiological responses, and selected alth indices in healthy untrained individuals and clinical populations. RESULTS No training-related injuries were reported in the 41 acute and long-term SSSG studies. Typically, a single session of SSSG lasted 12-20 min (e.g., 3 × 4 min with 3 min rest or 5 × 4 min with 4 min rest) involving 4-12 players (2 vs. 2 to 6 vs. 6) at an intensity ≥ 80% of HRmax. Following single SSSG session, high cardiovascular and metabolic demands were observed. Specifically, based on the outcomes, the seven acute studies reported average heart rates (HR) ≥ 80% of HRmax (165-175 bpm) and mean blood lactate concentrations exceeding 5 mmol/l (4.5-5.9 mmol/l) after single SSSG sessions. Based on the results of 34 studies (20 with healthy untrained, 10 with unhealthy individuals, and 4 with individuals with obesity), SSSG training lasted between 12 and 16 weeks and was performed 2-3 times per week. SSSG had positive long-term effects on physical fitness (e.g., Yo-Yo IR1 performance), physiological responses including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) [+ 7 to 16%], and many health-related markers such as blood pressure (reductions in systolic [- 7.5%] and diastolic [- 10.3%] blood pressure), body composition (decreased fat mass [- 2 to - 5%]), and improved indices of bone health (bone mineral density: [+ 5 to 13%]; bone mineral content: [+ 4 to 5%]), and metabolic (LDL-cholesterol [- 15%] as well as cardiac function (left-ventricular internal diastolic diameter [+ 8%], end diastolic volume [+ 21%], left-ventricular mass index [+ 18%], and left-ventricular ejection fraction [+ 8%]). Irrespective of age or sex, these health benefits were observed in both, untrained individuals and clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, findings from this systematic review suggest that acute SSSG may elicit high cardiovascular and metabolic demands in untrained healthy adults and clinical populations. Moreover, this type of exercise is safe with positive long-term effects on physical fitness and health indices. Future studies are needed examining the long-term effects on physical fitness and physiological adaptations of different types of SSSG training (e.g., 3 vs. 3; 6 vs. 6) in comparison to continuous or interval training in different cohorts.
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Tesema G, George M. Associations between cardiac troponin I and cardiovascular parameters after 12-week endurance training in young moderately trained amateur athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001065. [PMID: 33791107 PMCID: PMC7978269 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies were conducted only on elite athletes, and they investigate acute training responses of cardiac troponin I (CTnI). However, cardiac troponin was found to be elevated in young and inexperienced athletes than adults, and immature myocardium is more susceptible to injury, which needs further consideration. Aim Therefore, we aimed to observe the association between CTnI and cardiovascular parameters in response to chronic endurance training adaptation in young athletes. Methods Fifteen participants aged (19.5±1.3) years were selected and placed in endurance running at 70%–80% HRmax intensity for 35 min per training for the first week and additional 2 min each week from the second to the last week for 12 weeks. Serum cardiac troponin and cardiovascular parameters were assessed at pre-training and after 12 weeks of training. Result We find a significant CTnI level (p<0.05) and it is positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (BP) (r=0.425). Moreover, CTnI was statistically significant (p<0.01) and positively associated with mean arterial pressure (r=0.516) with a moderate correlation. Besides, CTnI showed a significant (p<0.001) and positive relationship with resting heart rate (r=0.605) and a moderate correlation. We did not find a significant relationship between CTnI and diastolic BP in response to endurance training adaptation. Conclusion In conclusion, serum CTnI was significantly and positively associated with cardiovascular parameters in young amateur athletes in response to 12-week endurance training adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Tesema
- Sport Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- Biochemistry, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Nations, Ethiopia
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Clemente FM, Ramirez-Campillo R, Sarmento H. Effects of the Small-Sided Soccer Games on Blood Pressure in Untrained Hypertensive Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:345. [PMID: 33803787 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of small-sided games (SSGs)-based programs on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of untrained hypertensive adults. The data sources utilized were Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. The eligibility criteria were: (i) randomized controlled trials including a control group and an intervention group exclusively using soccer SSGs; (ii) intervention and control groups including an untrained hypertensive adult population; (iii) articles written in English; and (iv) only full-text and original articles. The database search initially identified 241 titles. From those, five articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The included randomized controlled studies involved five individual experimental groups and 88 participants, and 68 participants in the five control groups. The results showed a large and beneficial effect of SSG on systolic (ES = 1.69; 95% CI = 0.71 to 2.66; p = 0.001; I2 = 85.2%; Egger’s test p = 0.101) and diastolic blood pressure (ES = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.44 to 3.06; p < 0.001; I2 = 74.8%; Egger’s test p = 0.118) when compared to the control groups. The findings of the current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed consistent beneficial effects of recreational soccer SSGs on untrained men and women from the hypertensive population, although high levels of heterogeneity.
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Carpes L, Jacobsen A, Domingues L, Jung N, Ferrari R. Recreational beach tennis reduces 24-h blood pressure in adults with hypertension: a randomized crossover trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1327-1336. [PMID: 33590342 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a beach tennis session on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in adults with hypertension. METHODS In this randomized crossover trial, 24 participants (12 men and 12 women) randomly performed two experimental sessions: a beach tennis session and a non-exercise control session. The beach tennis session started with a standardized 5-min warm-up consisting of basic techniques, followed by three 12-min beach tennis matches with 2-min intervals between them. Heart rate was continuously recorded and rating of perceived exertion was assessed in the middle and at the end of each set during the beach tennis session. Enjoyment was also assessed after the beach tennis session. The control session was performed in seated rest. Both experimental sessions lasted 45 min. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured continuously for 24 h after sessions. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure (24-h: 6 mmHg, P = 0.008; daytime: 6 mmHg, P = 0.031; nighttime: 6 mmHg, P = 0.042) and diastolic blood pressure (24-h: 3 mmHg, P = 0.021; daytime: 3 mmHg, P = 0.036; nighttime: 4 mmHg, P = 0.076) decreased after beach tennis when compared with control. The participants presented a reserve heart rate of 59-68%, and a rating of perceived exertion score of 3.4-4.7 using Borg's CR10 Scale. The enjoyment scores after beach tennis session were higher than 90%. CONCLUSION A single session of recreational beach tennis reduces 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in adults with hypertension. Additionally, the participants can achieve a high physiological stress but perceive less effort during the practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Date: April 10, 2019; identifier number NCT03909308 (Clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Carpes
- Graduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Jacobsen
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Lucas Domingues
- Graduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Jung
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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11
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Alkhateeb G, Donath L. Effects of football versus aerobic exercise training on muscle architecture in healthy men adults: a study protocol of a two-armed randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:1007. [PMID: 33298145 PMCID: PMC7724695 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports and exercise training can attenuate age-related declines in physical function. As people age, they suffer a progressive deterioration of overall muscle structure and function, such as muscle diameter, strength, mass, and power. Therefore, supporting older adults-aged 50 years and above-to continue being physically active is a very important factor. Several forms of exercise (strength, agility, endurance, balance, and flexibility) are recommended. In this regard, football has been repeatedly shown to be an integrative approach to promote measures of strength, endurance, and agility. However, there has been no previous randomized controlled trial that comparatively investigates the effects of football training versus traditional aerobic exercise training on muscle architecture and patella tendon properties in healthy community dwellers. The study protocol is designed to examine whether football differentially affects muscle thickness, muscle length, fascicle length, pennation angle, patella tendon length, and thickness compared to a workload matched traditional aerobic exercise training regimen. METHODS The study sample consists of 60 untrained but healthy men (50-60 years old), who will be randomly assigned (strata: age, activate) to two groups: football group (n = 30) and aerobic group (n = 30). The intervention will take place within 12 consecutive weeks, two times a week for 60 min each session. The football group will perform recreational football training as a large-sided game, whereas the aerobic group undergoes a running exercise. Both groups have the same external workload ranging between moderate and high exercise intensity. The outcome measure will be collected before and after the intervention period. DISCUSSION Findings of this study will provide insight into the effects of 24 sessions of both football and aerobic training program on the selected groups of men adults, including detecting their effects on the thigh muscle architecture. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS-German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00020536 . Registered on 30 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guevar Alkhateeb
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Köln, Germany.
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Köln, Germany
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12
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Gunnarsson TP, Ehlers TS, Baasch-Skytte T, Lund AP, Tamariz-Ellemann A, Gliemann L, Nyberg M, Bangsbo J. Hypertension is associated with blunted NO-mediated leg vasodilator responsiveness that is reversed by high-intensity training in postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R712-R723. [PMID: 33074013 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00170.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The menopausal transition is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, and in time, postmenopausal women (PMW) will exhibit a cardiovascular disease risk score similar to male counterparts. Hypertension is associated with vascular dysfunction, but whether hypertensive (HYP) PMW have blunted nitric oxide (NO)-mediated leg vasodilator responsiveness and whether this is reversible by high-intensity training (HIT) is unknown. To address these questions, we examined the leg vascular conductance (LVC) in response to femoral infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and skeletal muscle markers of oxidative stress and NO bioavailability before and after HIT in PMW [12.9 ± 6.0 (means ± SD) years since last menstrual cycle]. We hypothesized that ACh- and SNP-induced LVC responsiveness was reduced in hypertensive compared with normotensive (NORM) PMW and that 10 wk of HIT would reverse the blunted LVC response and decrease blood pressure (BP). Nine hypertensive (HYP (clinical systolic/diastolic BP, 149 ± 11/91 ± 83 mmHg) and eight normotensive (NORM (122 ± 13/75 ± 8 mmHg) PMW completed 10 wk of biweekly small-sided floorball training (4-5 × 3-5 min interspersed by 1-3-min rest periods). Before training, the SNP-induced change in LVC was lower (P < 0.05) in HYP compared with in NORM. With training, the ACh- and SNP-induced change in LVC at maximal infusion rates, i.e., 100 and 6 µg·min-1·kg leg mass-1, respectively, improved (P < 0.05) in HYP only. Furthermore, training decreased (P < 0.05) clinical systolic/diastolic BP (-15 ± 11/-9 ± 7 mmHg) in HYP and systolic BP (-10 ± 9 mmHg) in NORM. Thus, the SNP-mediated LVC responsiveness was blunted in HYP PMW and reversed by a period of HIT that was associated with a marked decrease in clinical BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Gunnarsson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Ehlers
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Baasch-Skytte
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders P Lund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major concern in cancer patients despite the established preventative and therapeutic effects of regular physical exercise for this patient group. Sport not only plays an important role in supporting the development and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle but also is increasingly used as a health promotion activity in various populations. Nevertheless, the potential of sport as an effective strategy in the prevention and management of cancer has gained little attention. Based on the scant evidence to date, participation of cancer patients in supervised, well-tailored sport programs appears to be safe and feasible and is associated with an array of physical and psychological benefits. We propose that sport participation may serve as an alternative strategy in the prevention of cancer and sport medicine in the management of cancer. As with the traditional exercise modes, benefits derived from sport participation will be dependent on the sport undertaken and the physical/physiological, motor, and cognitive demands required. To this end, further work is required to develop a solid evidence base in this field so that targeted sport participation can be recommended for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sport, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Manzano-Carrasco S, Felipe JL, Sanchez-Sanchez J, Hernandez-Martin A, Gallardo L, Garcia-Unanue J. Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Young Football Players: Influence of the 20 mSRT Score and Maturational Stage. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3257. [PMID: 32392773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical fitness variables, body composition, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to the cardiorespiratory fitness and the maturational stage in young football players. A total of 194 male football players (aged 8–16) from three football sport schools participated in this study. Data on cardiorespiratory fitness (the 20-m shuttle run test), anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, respiratory capacity (forced spirometry), and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED questionnaire) were collected. Players were divided into two groups depending on their maturational stage (prepubertal n = 127 and pubertal n = 67). The results show a direct relationship between low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index, as well as body fat and leg fat. Similarly, players with lower cardiorespiratory fitness presented higher values of handgrip strength in the prepubertal state. On the other hand, improvements in respiratory values were observed in the pubertal state with the rest of the parameters when the cardiorespiratory fitness was increased. Therefore, the promotion of recreational football that encourage and develop cardiorespiratory fitness is a key factor and can be used as an effective sport activity to promote physical fitness and healthy habits in children and adolescents as well as within the population that is already physically active.
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15
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Sarmento H, Manuel Clemente F, Marques A, Milanovic Z, David Harper L, Figueiredo A. Recreational football is medicine against non-communicable diseases: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:618-637. [PMID: 31834941 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to conduct a systematic review of published articles related to the effect of recreational football on non-communicable diseases. A systematic review of Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Only empirical studies were included. There were no restrictions on the types of study design eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome measures result from the potential effects of recreational football on non-communicable diseases (eg, blood pressure, bone density, LDL cholesterol, and fat mass). A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. Recreational football is shown to: (a) decrease blood pressure and resting heart rate, improve cardiac structure and functioning, as well as increase maximal oxygen uptake in both sexes; (b) reduce cholesterol and triglycerides levels, increase insulin sensitivity, and have a positive impact on glycemic control; (c) improve bone mineralization, increase both bone mineral density and content, as well as acting as a stimulus for osteogenesis; and (d) be clearly beneficial for bone health, while slightly beneficial for body composition, muscle strength, and maximal oxygen uptake in adults with prostate cancer. The present systematic review demonstrated the benefits of recreational football practice on non-communicable diseases related to cardiovascular and bone health, body composition, type 2 diabetes, and prostate cancer. The effectiveness of recreational football on the aforementioned diseases may be related to age and gender; however, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Spertlab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal.,Complexo Desportivo e Lazer Comendador Rui Solheiro - Monte de Prado, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar do Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zoran Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Liam David Harper
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - António Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Eberl M, Tanaka LF, Klug SJ, Adamek HE. Football as a Health Promotion Strategy. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online 2019; 116:721-728. [DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Reimers AK, Knapp G, Reimers CD. Effects of Exercise on the Resting Heart Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional Studies. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E503. [PMID: 30513777 PMCID: PMC6306777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting heart rate (RHR) is positively related with mortality. Regular exercise causes a reduction in RHR. The aim of the systematic review was to assess whether regular exercise or sports have an impact on the RHR in healthy subjects by taking different types of sports into account. A systematic literature research was conducted in six databases for the identification of controlled trials dealing with the effects of exercise or sports on the RHR in healthy subjects was performed. The studies were summarized by meta-analyses. The literature search analyzed 191 studies presenting 215 samples fitting the eligibility criteria. 121 trials examined the effects of endurance training, 43 strength training, 15 combined endurance and strength training, 5 additional school sport programs. 21 yoga, 5 tai chi, 3 qigong, and 2 unspecified types of sports. All types of sports decreased the RHR. However, only endurance training and yoga significantly decreased the RHR in both sexes. The exercise-induced decreases of RHR were positively related with the pre-interventional RHR and negatively with the average age of the participants. From this, we can conclude that exercise-especially endurance training and yoga-decreases RHR. This effect may contribute to a reduction in all-cause mortality due to regular exercise or sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kerstin Reimers
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Technical University of Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Guido Knapp
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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18
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Bellissimo MP, Galaviz KI, Paskert MC, Lobelo F. Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction Through Recreational Group Sport Interventions in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:1375-1396. [PMID: 30139702 PMCID: PMC6706076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the pooled effects of community-based, recreational-level group sports on cardiometabolic risk factors and fitness parameters among adults. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science electronic databases for English-language articles reporting the effectiveness of recreational-level group sports published between January 1, 1965, and January 17, 2017. We extracted baseline and end of intervention means for cardiometabolic and fitness parameters. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analyses were used to obtain pooled before and after change in outcome means within intervention participants and between groups. RESULTS From 2491 screened titles, 23 publications were included (902 participants; mean ± SD age, 46.6±11.7 years), comprising 21 soccer and 2 rugby interventions. Intervention participants achieved larger improvements (mean [95% CI]) compared with control subjects in weight (-1.44 kg [-1.79 to -1.08 kg]), body mass index (-0.88 kg/m2 [-1.73 to -0.03 kg/m2]), waist circumference (-0.77 cm [-1.21 to -0.33 cm]), body fat (-1.8% [-3.12% to -0.49%]), total cholesterol level (-0.33 mmol/L [-0.53 to -0.13 mmol/L]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (-0.35 mmol/L [-0.54 to -0.15 mmol/L]), systolic blood pressure (-5.71 mm Hg [-7.98 to -3.44 mm Hg]), diastolic blood pressure (-3.36 mm Hg [-4.93 to -1.78 mm Hg]), maximum oxygen consumption (3.93 mL/min per kg [2.96-4.91 mL/min]), and resting heart rate (-5.51 beats/min [-7.37 to -3.66 beats/min]). Most studies (16) were classified as high quality, and we found no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION We found significant cardiometabolic and fitness improvements following group sport participation, primarily recreational soccer. These findings suggest that group sport interventions are promising strategies for reducing cardiometabolic risk in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah P Bellissimo
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Karla I Galaviz
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Exercise is Medicine Global Research and Collaboration Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Meredith C Paskert
- College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Exercise is Medicine Global Research and Collaboration Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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19
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Luo H, Newton RU, Ma'ayah F, Galvão DA, Taaffe DR. Recreational soccer as sport medicine for middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000336. [PMID: 30112181 PMCID: PMC6089298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strategies to prevent or attenuate the age-related decline in physical and physiological function and reduce chronic disease risk factors are of clinical importance. Objective To examine the health benefits of recreational soccer in middle-aged and older adults. Design Systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data sources All available records up until 9 June 2017 in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies All randomised trials with or without a control group (randomised controlled trials or randomised uncontrolled trials) and non-randomised controlled trials that used recreational soccer, which includes small-sided soccer games, as the sole or principal intervention, and reported relevant effects in untrained/sedentary, healthy or unhealthy adults aged 40 years and above were included. Results Five trials described in 13 articles were included, which scored 6–9 out of 12 points on the modified Delphi quality rating scale. The duration was from 12 to 52 weeks, with various frequencies, volumes and game formats performed both outdoors and indoors with men and women. The trials indicate that recreational soccer may result in improvement in cardiovascular function, body composition and functional ability, although no significant changes were observed in postural balance. Conclusion Recreational soccer should be considered an alternative exercise modality for untrained, healthy or unhealthy middle-aged and older adults of both sexes to maintain an active lifestyle and mitigate a wide array of physical and physiological age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sport, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fadi Ma'ayah
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Redwood-Brown AJ, O'Donoghue PG, Nevill AM, Saward C, Dyer N, Sunderland C. Effects of situational variables on the physical activity profiles of elite soccer players in different score line states. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2515-2526. [PMID: 30055045 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study were to investigate the effects of playing position, pitch location, team ability and opposition ability on the physical activity profiles of English premier league soccer players in difference score line states. A validated automatic tracking system (Venatrack Ltd.) was used to track players in real time (at 25 Hz) for total distance covered, high speed running distance and sprint distance. This is the first study to include every team from an entire season in the English premier league, resulting in 376 games, 570 players and 35 000 rows of data from the 2011-12 season being analyzed using multi-level modelling. Multi-level regression revealed an inverted "u" shaped association between total distance covered and goal difference (GD), with greater distances covered when GD was zero and reduced distances when GD was either positive or negative. A similar "u" shaped association was found with high speed distance covered at home. In addition distance covered (both at home and away) were predicted by playing position. All activity profiles (with the exception of sprint distance at home) were predicted by pitch location and time scored. Lastly, distance away from home and high speed running at home were predicted by opposition ability. Score line appears to effect player activity profiles across a number of situational factors and thus should be considered by managers when preparing and selecting teams to maximize performance. The current study also highlighted the need for more sensitive score line definitions in which to consider score line effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athalie J Redwood-Brown
- Department of Sports Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Alan M Nevill
- Institute of Healthcare Sciences, Wolverhampton University, Walsall, UK
| | - Chris Saward
- Department of Sports Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Caroline Sunderland
- Department of Sports Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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21
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22
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Møller TK, Nielsen TT, Andersen R, Lundager I, Hansen HF, Ottesen L, Krustrup P, Randers MB. Health Effects of 12 Weeks of Team-Sport Training and Fitness Training in a Community Health Centre for Sedentary Men with Lifestyle Diseases. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:1571807. [PMID: 29888250 PMCID: PMC5977017 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1571807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the effects of team-sport training, for sedentary men with lifestyle diseases, with fitness training in a pragmatic set-up in a community health centre (CHC). Thirty-two men in the fitness group (FiG) and 36 men in the team-sport group (TsG) completed the training and trained for 60-90 min, two times/week for 12-16 weeks. In FiG and TsG, mean heart rate (HR) during training was 73.2% and 74.5% of HRmax, respectively. Percentage of training time above 90%HRmax was 6 ± 9% and 10 ± 15% and the percentage of participants who spent > 10% of total training time with HR > 90%HRmax was 20% and 41%, in FiG and TsG, respectively. In FiG, total fat mass was reduced by 3.5% (P < 0.01), while performance in the 6 min walking test (6MWT) increased by 11% (P < 0.001). In TsG, total fat mass was reduced by 2.2% (P < 0.01), while 6MWT performance improved by 5% (P < 0.05). Between-group differences were observed for systolic BP (P = 0.041) and mean arterial pressure (P = 0.050) in favour of TsG and for sit-to-stand test (P = 0.031) in favour of FiG. In conclusion, small-sided team sport is a worthy alternative to fitness training since the overall health effects are comparable, for example, improved balance and reduced fat mass. Team sport elicits high heart rates and improves cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure, while fitness training improves sit-to-stand test performance related to activity of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. K. Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - T.-T. Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. Andersen
- Prevention Centre Nørrebro, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I. Lundager
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H. F. Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L. Ottesen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M. B. Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Randers MB, Hagman M, Brix J, Christensen JF, Pedersen MT, Nielsen JJ, Krustrup P. Effects of 3 months of full-court and half-court street basketball training on health profile in untrained men. J Sport Health Sci 2018; 7:132-138. [PMID: 30356444 PMCID: PMC6180545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether street basketball organized as 3 v 3 on either a half court (HC) with 1 basket or a full court (FC) with 2 baskets could improve fitness and health profiles of untrained men after 3 months of supervised training. METHODS Thirty-five untrained men (aged 20-42 years) completed the pre- and post-intervention testing (FC: n = 13, HC: n = 12, CO (control): n = 10). The training attendance was 2.0 ± 0.4 and 1.9 ± 0.3 times per week in FC and HC, respectively. Mean heart rate (HR) was 83.8 ± 6.0 percent of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) and 84.5 ± 2.9 %HRmax in FC and HC, respectively. RESULTS The 3 months of street basketball training on an FC with 2 baskets increased maximal oxygen uptake (2.4 mL/min/kg (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-3.9)), time to exhaustion (47 s (95%CI: 26-67)), lean body mass (0.8 kg (95%CI: 0.1-1.5)), and bone mineral density (0.021 g/cm2 (95%CI: 0.011-0.031)), whereas mean arterial pressure (-5.6 mmHg (95%CI: -7.5 to 3.7)), body fat percentage (-1.6%, (95%CI: -2.5 to -0.7)), heart rate (-18 bpm (95%CI: -24 to -12)), and blood lactate (median: -1.4 mmol/L (interquartile range: -1.5 to -0.6)) during submaximal running were lowered. The changes were less pronounced after the training period when playing on an HC with 1 basket, but increases in maximal oxygen uptake (1.6 mL/min/kg (95%CI: -0.1 to 3.3)), time to exhaustion (28 s (95%CI: 9-47)), lean body mass (1.3 kg (95%CI: 0.3-2.4)), and lower body fat percentage (-0.9% (95%CI: -1.9 to -0.1)) were observed in this group. CONCLUSION Three months of 3 v 3 street basketball training improved fitness and led to broad-spectrum improvements in variables related to overall health profile, with the most marked effects observed when playing on an FC with 2 baskets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten B. Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Marie Hagman
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Brix
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jesper F. Christensen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) and Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Science, Copenhagen University Hospital, 7641, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Mogens T. Pedersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jens J. Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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Milanović Z, Pantelić S, Čović N, Sporiš G, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Broad-spectrum physical fitness benefits of recreational football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:926-939. [PMID: 29371223 PMCID: PMC6662951 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous meta-analysis showed that maximal oxygen uptake increased by 3.51 mL/kg/min (95% CI 3.07 to 4.15) during a recreational football programme of 3-6 months in comparison with continuous moderate-intensity running, strength training or a passive control group. In addition, narrative reviews have demonstrated beneficial effects of recreational football on physical fitness and health status. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the magnitude of effects of recreational football on blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile and muscular fitness with reference to age, gender and health status. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar were searched prior to 1 February 2017. In addition, Google Scholar alerts were set up in January 2012 to identify potential papers with the following key terms: recreational football, recreational soccer, street football and street soccer. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Randomised and matched controlled trials with participants allocated to a recreational football group or any other type of exercises or passive control group were included. Training programmes had to last at least 2 weeks to meet the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures were blood pressure, resting heart rate, body composition, muscular fitness, and blood lipids and glucose tolerance. A total of 31 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. RESULTS The effect of recreational football on systolic blood pressure (SBP) versus no-exercise controls was most likely extremely largely beneficial (effect size (ES)=4.20 mm Hg; 95% CI 1.87 to 6.53). In addition, a most likely very large beneficial (ES=3.89 mm Hg; 95% CI 2.33 to 5.44) effect was observed for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), when compared with non-active groups. Furthermore, a most likely extremely large beneficial effect was shown for SBP and DBP in participants with mild hypertension (11 and 7 mm Hg decrease, respectively) and participants with prehypertension (10 and 7 mm Hg decrease, respectively). Meta-analysis of recreational football determined the impact on resting heart rate as most likely extremely largely beneficial (ES=6.03 beats/min; 95% CI 4.43 to 7.64) when compared with non-active groups. The observed recreational football effect on fat mass was most likely largely beneficial (ES=1.72 kg; 95% CI 0.86 to 2.58) and the effect on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance was most likely very largely beneficial (ES=2.27 cm; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.25) when compared with non-active groups. Possibly beneficial decreases were found in low-density lipoprotein levels (ES=0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.36). Possibly largely beneficial effect was observed for DBP in comparison with continuous running training. Small harmful and unclear results were noted for SBP, fat and lean body mass, body mass index, as well as muscular fitness when compared with running and Zumba training. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis demonstrated multiple broad-spectrum benefits of recreational football on health-related physical fitness compared with no-exercise controls, including improvements in blood pressure, resting heart rate, fat mass, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CMJ performance. Additionally, recreational football is efficient and effective as Zumba and continuous running exercise regimens with highlighted social, motivational and competitive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Saša Pantelić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Nedim Čović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Goran Sporiš
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Magni Mohr
- Center of Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Krustrup P, Helge EW, Hansen PR, Aagaard P, Hagman M, Randers MB, de Sousa M, Mohr M. Effects of recreational football on women's fitness and health: adaptations and mechanisms. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:11-32. [PMID: 29164325 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The review describes the fitness and health effects of recreational football in women aged 18-65 years. The review documents that 2 × 1 h of recreational football training for 12-16 weeks causes marked improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (5-15%) and myocardial function in women. Moreover, mean arterial blood pressure was shown to decrease by 2-5 mmHg in normotensive women and 6-8 mmHg in hypertensive women. This review also show that short-term (< 4 months) and medium-term (4-16 months) recreational football training has major beneficial impact on metabolic health profile in women, with fat losses of 1-3 kg and improvements in blood lipid profile. Lastly, 2 × 1 h per week of recreational football training for women elevates lower extremity bone mineralisation by 1-5% and whole-body bone mineralization by 1-2% within 4-12-month interventions. These training adaptations are related to the high heart rates, high number of fast runs, and multiple changes of direction and speed occurring during recreational football training for untrained women. In conclusion, regular small-sided football training for women is an intense and versatile type of training that combines elements of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance training and strength training, thereby providing optimal stimuli for cardiovascular, metabolic and musculoskeletal fitness. Recreational football, therefore, seems to be an effective tool for prevention and treatment of lifestyle diseases in young and middle-aged women, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes and osteopenia. Future research should elucidate effects of football training for elderly women, and as treatment and rehabilitation of breast cancer patients and other women patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark. .,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Eva Wulff Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter R Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Hagman
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maysa de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-18, Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Center of Health and Human Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Connolly LJ, Bailey SJ, Krustrup P, Fulford J, Smietanka C, Jones AM. Effects of self-paced interval and continuous training on health markers in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2281-2293. [PMID: 28932907 PMCID: PMC5640747 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of self-paced high-intensity interval and continuous cycle training on health markers in premenopausal women. METHODS Forty-five inactive females were randomised to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 15), continuous training (CT; n = 15) or an inactive control (CON; n = 15) group. HIIT performed 5 × 5 min sets comprising repetitions of 30-s low-, 20-s moderate- and 10-s high-intensity cycling with 2 min rest between sets. CT completed 50 min of continuous cycling. Training was completed self-paced, 3 times weekly for 12 weeks. RESULTS Peak oxygen uptake (16 ± 8 and 21 ± 12%), resting heart rate (HR) (-5 ± 9 and -4 ± 7 bpm) and visual and verbal learning improved following HIIT and CT compared to CON (P < 0.05). Total body mass (-0.7 ± 1.4 kg), submaximal walking HR (-3 ± 4 bpm) and verbal memory were enhanced following HIIT (P < 0.05), whereas mental well-being, systolic (-5 ± 6 mmHg) and mean arterial (-3 ± 5 mmHg) blood pressures were improved following CT (P < 0.05). Participants reported similar levels of enjoyment following HIIT and CT, and there were no changes in fasting serum lipids, fasting blood [glucose] or [glucose] during an oral glucose tolerance test following either HIIT or CT (P > 0.05). No outcome variable changed in the CON group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of self-paced HIIT and CT were similarly effective at improving cardiorespiratory fitness, resting HR and cognitive function in inactive premenopausal women, whereas blood pressure, submaximal HR, well-being and body mass adaptations were training-type-specific. Both training methods improved established health markers, but the adaptations to HIIT were evoked for a lower time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Connolly
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Chris Smietanka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
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27
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Egelund J, Jørgensen PG, Mandrup CM, Fritz-Hansen T, Stallknecht B, Bangsbo J, Nyberg M, Hellsten Y. Cardiac Adaptations to High-Intensity Aerobic Training in Premenopausal and Recent Postmenopausal Women: The Copenhagen Women Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005469. [PMID: 28862950 PMCID: PMC5586415 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the role of menopause on cardiac dimensions and function and assessed the efficacy of exercise training before and after menopause. METHODS AND RESULTS Two groups of healthy premenopausal (n=36, 49.4±0.3 years) and postmenopausal (n=37, 53.5±0.5 years) women with no history of cardiovascular disease and with a mean age difference between groups of only 4 years were studied. Cardiac dimensions and systolic and diastolic function were determined by transthoracic echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging and 2-dimensional speckle tracking. Measurements were performed at baseline and after a 12-week period of high-intensity aerobic cycle training. LV internal diastolic diameter and LV mass were similar in the 2 groups at baseline and increased by ≈2% to 8% (P=0.04-0.0007) with training in both groups. Left atrial end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were similar for both groups and increased by 23% to 36% (P=0.0006-0.0001) with training. Systolic function assessed by mean global strain was similar in both groups at baseline and increased by ≈8% (P=0.0004) with training in the postmenopausal group. LV displacement increased by ≈3% (P=0.04) in the premenopausal women only. Diastolic function assessed by E/A ratio was similar at baseline and increased by ≈7% (P=0.01) in the premenopausal group and 11% (P=0.0001) in the postmenopausal group with training. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that training-induced cardiac adaptations are preserved in the early postmenopausal phase. Furthermore, the hormonal changes associated with the menopausal transition do not appear to affect cardiac dimensions and function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02135575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Egelund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter G Jørgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla M Mandrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Fritz-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Beato M, Coratella G, Schena F, Impellizzeri FM. Effects of recreational football performed once a week (1 h per 12 weeks) on cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged sedentary men. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1325966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beato
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Allen NG, Higham SM, Mendham AE, Kastelein TE, Larsen PS, Duffield R. The effect of high-intensity aerobic interval training on markers of systemic inflammation in sedentary populations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1249-1256. [PMID: 28409397 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 30 s sprint, 4-5 min passive recovery) and prolonged intermittent sprint training (PIST; 10 s sprint, 2-3 min moderate exercise) on the systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aerobic capacity, and anthropometry in a middle-aged, sedentary population. METHODS Fifty-five sedentary adults (age 49.2 ± 6.1 years) were randomised into HIIT (n = 20), PIST (n = 21), or a sedentary control group (CTRL n = 14). HIIT and PIST performed three training sessions per week for 9 weeks on a cycle ergometer, matched for total high-intensity time, while CTRL continued normal sedentary behaviours. Pre- and post-intervention testing involved measures of anthropometry, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and venous blood collection for analyses of CRP and TNF-α. RESULTS HIIT and PIST increased VO2peak compared to CTRL (+3.66 ± 2.23 and 3.74 ± 2.62 mL kg min-1). A group × time interaction (p = 0.042) and main effect of time (p = 0.026) were evident for waist girth, with only HIIT showing a significant reduction compared to CTRL (-2.1 ± 2.8 cm). TNF-α and CRP showed no group × time interaction or time effect (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In sedentary individuals, 9 weeks of HIIT or PIST were effective to improve aerobic capacity; however, only HIIT significantly reduced waist girth and WHR compared to CTRL. Markers of systemic inflammation remained unchanged across all groups. Accordingly, for inflammation and VO2peak, the distribution of sprints and the active or passive recovery periods are inconsequential provided that total duration of high-intensity efforts is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Allen
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, Faculty of Health, Moore Park Precinct, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Samuel M Higham
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, Faculty of Health, Moore Park Precinct, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tegan E Kastelein
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Penelope S Larsen
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, Faculty of Health, Moore Park Precinct, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Abstract
Background Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide, with a long history and currently more than 500 million active participants, of whom 300 million are registered football club members. On the basis of scientific findings showing positive fitness and health effects of recreational soccer, FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) introduced the slogan “Playing football for 45 min twice a week—best prevention of non-communicable diseases” in 2010. Objective The objective of this paper was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine the effects of recreational soccer on maximal oxygen uptake (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max). Methods Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Google Scholar) were searched for original research articles. A manual search
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max using the following key terms, either singly or in combination: recreational small-sided games, recreational football, recreational soccer, street football, street soccer, effect, maximal oxygen uptake, peak oxygen uptake, cardiorespiratory fitness, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max. The inclusion criteria were divided into four sections: type of study, type of participants, type of interventions and type of outcome measures. Probabilistic magnitude-based inferences for meta-analysed effects were based on standardised thresholds for small, moderate and large changes (0.2, 0.6 and 1.2, respectively) derived from between-subject standard deviations for baseline fitness. Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Mean differences showed that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max increased by 3.51 mL/kg/min (95 % CI 3.07–4.15) over a recreational soccer training programme in comparison with other training models. The meta-analysed effects of recreational soccer on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max compared with the controls of no exercise, continuous running and strength training were most likely largely beneficial [effect size (ES) = 1.46; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.91, 2.01; I2 = 88.35 %], most likely moderately beneficial (ES = 0.68; 95 % CI 0.06, 1.29; I2 = 69.13 %) and most likely moderately beneficial (ES = 1.08; 95 % CI −0.25, 2.42; I2 = 71.06 %), respectively. In men and women, the meta-analysed effect was most likely largely beneficial for men (ES = 1.22) and most likely moderately beneficial for women (ES = 0.96) compared with the controls. After 12 weeks of recreational soccer with an intensity of 78–84 % maximal heart rate (HRmax), healthy untrained men improved their \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max by 8–13 %, while untrained elderly participants improved their \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max by 15–18 %. Soccer training for 12–70 weeks in healthy women resulted in an improvement in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max of 5–16 %. Significant improvements in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max have been observed in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prostate cancer. Conclusion Recreational soccer produces large improvements in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max compared to strength training and no exercise, regardless of the age, sex and health status of the participants. Furthermore, recreational soccer is better than continuous endurance running, albeit the additional effect is moderate. This kind of physical activity has great potential for enhancing aerobic fitness, and for preventing and treating non-communicable diseases, and is ideal for addressing lack of motivation, a key component in physical (in)activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Saša Pantelić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nedim Čović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Goran Sporiš
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. .,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, The August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
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Uth J, Hornstrup T, Christensen JF, Christensen KB, Jørgensen NR, Schmidt JF, Brasso K, Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Andersen LL, Rørth M, Midtgaard J, Krustrup P, Helge EW. Efficacy of recreational football on bone health, body composition, and physical functioning in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: 32-week follow-up of the FC prostate randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1507-1518. [PMID: 26572756 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) impairs musculoskeletal health. We evaluated the efficacy of 32-week football training on bone mineral density (BMD) and physical functioning in men undergoing ADT for PCa. Football training improved the femoral shaft and total hip BMD and physical functioning parameters compared to control. INTRODUCTION ADT is a mainstay in PCa management. Side effects include decreased bone and muscle strength and increased fracture rates. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 32 weeks of football training on BMD, bone turnover markers (BTMs), body composition, and physical functioning in men with PCa undergoing ADT. METHODS Men receiving ADT >6 months (n = 57) were randomly allocated to a football training group (FTG) (n = 29) practising 2-3 times per week for 45-60 min or to a standard care control group (CON) (n = 28) for 32 weeks. Outcomes were total hip, femoral shaft, femoral neck and lumbar spine (L2-L4) BMD and systemic BTMs (procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen). Additionally, physical functioning (postural balance, jump height, repeated chair rise, stair climbing) was evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-two-week follow-up measures were obtained for FTG (n = 21) and for CON (n = 20), respectively. Analysis of mean changes from baseline to 32 weeks showed significant differences between FTG and CON in right (0.015 g/cm(2)) and left (0.017 g/cm(2)) total hip and in right (0.018 g/cm(2)) and left (0.024 g/cm(2)) femoral shaft BMD, jump height (1.7 cm) and stair climbing (-0.21 s) all in favour of FTG (p < 0.05). No other significant between-group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Compared to standard care, 32 weeks of football training improved BMD at clinically important femoral sites and parameters of physical functioning in men undergoing ADT for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Uth
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| | - T Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - J F Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - K B Christensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - N R Jørgensen
- Research Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Ndr. Ringvej 57, Glostrup, 2600, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - J F Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - K Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - M D Jakobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - E Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - L L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Physical Activity and Human Performance group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Rørth
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Midtgaard
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O. Box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - P Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - E W Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
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Hammami A, Chamari K, Slimani M, Shephard RJ, Yousfi N, Tabka Z, Bouhlel E. Effects of recreational soccer on physical fitness and health indices in sedentary healthy and unhealthy subjects. Biol Sport 2016; 33:127-37. [PMID: 27274105 PMCID: PMC4885622 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1198209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreational soccer (RS) is becoming a popular alternative to the classical continuous exercise mode used for the improvement of cardiovascular and metabolic fitness in untrained people. The objective of this paper was to conduct a detailed systematic review of the literature, identifying the physiological responses to RS and the training effects of RS on aerobic fitness and health in untrained healthy individuals and clinical patients. PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases were searched using terms related to recreational soccer. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCT) that assessed acute physiological responses to RS or the training effects of RS on physical fitness and health in sedentary, untrained subjects of any age or health status. All studies were assessed for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria; seven examined the acute response to RS, and 28 assessed training effects. Clear evidence was found that RS had positive effects on many health-related indices and variables, including VO2max (gains of 7-16%), blood pressure (reductions of 6-13 mmHg), body composition (decreased fat mass and improved indices of bone health), and metabolic and cardiac function. These positive effects were observed in both healthy individuals and clinical patients, irrespective of age or sex. Although this review provides clear evidence of the positive effects of RS on health, most studies had limitations of methodology (an average PEDro score < 6). Furthermore, many of the training studies were from a small number of research groups. Future studies should be extended to other countries and institutions to ensure generality of the results. Regular RS training leads to significant cardiovascular and muscular adaptations and gains of health both in sedentary individuals and clinical patients at all ages, suggesting that RS is a potentially highly motivational method to enhance population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hammami
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - K Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Slimani
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - R J Shephard
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Yousfi
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Z Tabka
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - E Bouhlel
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Hislop MD, Stokes KA, Williams S, McKay CD, England M, Kemp SPT, Trewartha G. The efficacy of a movement control exercise programme to reduce injuries in youth rugby: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000043. [PMID: 27900148 PMCID: PMC5117042 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries to youth rugby players have become an increasingly prominent health concern, highlighting the importance of developing and implementing appropriate preventive strategies. A growing body of evidence from other youth sports has demonstrated the efficacy of targeted exercise regimens to reduce injury risk. However, studies have yet to investigate the effect of such interventions in youth contact sport populations like rugby union. Objective To determine the efficacy of an evidence-based movement control exercise programme compared with a sham exercise programme to reduce injury risk in youth rugby players. Exercise programme compliance between trial arms and the effect of coach attitudes on compliance will also be evaluated. Setting School rugby coaches in England will be the target of the researcher intervention, with the effects of the injury prevention programmes being measured in male youth players aged 14–18 years in school rugby programmes over the 2015–2016 school winter term. Methods A cluster-randomised controlled trial with schools randomly allocated to either a movement control exercise programme or a sham exercise programme, both of which are coach-delivered. Injury measures will derive from field-based injury surveillance, with match and training exposure and compliance recorded. A questionnaire will be used to evaluate coach attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and behaviours both prior to and on the conclusion of the study period. Outcome measures Summary injury measures (incidence, severity and burden) will be compared between trial arms, as will the influence of coach attitudes on compliance and injury burden. Additionally, changes in these outcomes through using the exercise programmes will be evaluated. Trial registration number ISRTCNN13422001.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Hislop
- Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - K A Stokes
- Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - S Williams
- Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - C D McKay
- Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - M England
- Rugby Football Union , Twickenham , UK
| | | | - G Trewartha
- Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
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Uth J, Hornstrup T, Schmidt JF, Christensen JF, Frandsen C, Christensen KB, Helge EW, Brasso K, Rørth M, Midtgaard J, Krustrup P. Football training improves lean body mass in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 24 Suppl 1:105-12. [PMID: 24944134 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a cornerstone in the management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) despite adverse effects on body composition and functional parameters. We compared the effects of football training with standard care in PCa patients managed with ADT (> 6 months). Fifty-seven men aged 67 (range: 43-74) were randomly assigned to a football group (FG, n = 29) or a usual care control group (CON, n = 28). The primary outcome was change in lean body mass (LBM) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning. Secondary outcomes included changes in knee-extensor muscle strength (one repetition maximum), fat percentage, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ). Mean heart rate during training was 137.7 (standard deviation 13.7) bpm or 84.6 (3.9)% HRmax. In FG, LBM increased by 0.5 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-0.9; P = 0.02] with no change in CON (mean group difference 0.7 kg; 95% CI 0.1-1.2; P = 0.02). Also, muscle strength increased in FG (8.9 kg; 95% CI 6.0-11.8; P < 0.001) with no change in CON (mean group difference 6.7 kg; 95% CI 2.8-10.7; P < 0.001). In FG, VO2max increased (1.0 mL/kg/min; 95% CI 0.2-1.9; P = 0.02) and fat percentage tended to decrease (0.7%; 95%CI 1.3-0.0; P = 0.06), but these changes were not significantly different from CON. In conclusion, football training over 12 weeks improved LBM and muscle strength compared with usual care in men with prostate cancer receiving ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Uth
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mohr M, Lindenskov A, Holm PM, Nielsen HP, Mortensen J, Weihe P, Krustrup P. Football training improves cardiovascular health profile in sedentary, premenopausal hypertensive women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 24 Suppl 1:36-42. [PMID: 24944131 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of short-term recreational football training on blood pressure (BP), fat mass, and fitness in sedentary, 35-50-year-old premenopausal women with mild hypertension. Forty-one untrained, hypertensive women were randomized into a football training group (n = 21; FTG) and a control group (n = 20; CON). FTG performed 45 ± 1 1-h small-sided football training sessions during the 15-week intervention period. BP, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), blood lipid profile, and fitness level were determined pre- and post-intervention. After 15 weeks, systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, were lowered more (P < 0.05) in FTG (-12 ± 3 and -6 ± 2 mmHg) than in CON (-1 ± 1 and 1 ± 2 mmHg). Total body fat mass decreased more (P < 0.05) in FTG than in CON during the 15-week intervention period (-2.3 ± 0.5 kg vs 0.4 ± 0.3 kg). After 15 weeks, both total cholesterol (-0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L vs 0.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and triglyceride (-0.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L vs 0.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L) were lowered more (P < 0.05) in FTG than in CON. Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 test performance increased more (P < 0.05) in FTG than in CON (111 ± 18% vs 1 ± 3%) during the 15-week intervention period. In conclusion, short-term football training resulted in a marked reduction in BP and induced multiple improvements in fitness and cardiovascular health profile of untrained, premenopausal women with mild hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohr
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
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Gliemann L, Gunnarsson TP, Hellsten Y, Bangsbo J. 10-20-30 training increases performance and lowers blood pressure and VEGF in runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e479-89. [PMID: 25439558 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of training by the 10-20-30 concept on performance, blood pressure (BP), and skeletal muscle angiogenesis as well as the feasibility of completing high-intensity interval training in local running communities. One hundred sixty recreational runners were divided into either a control group (CON; n = 28), or a 10-20-30 training group (10-20-30; n = 132) replacing two of three weekly training sessions with 10-20-30 training for 8 weeks and performance of a 5-km run (5-K) and BP was measured. VO2max was measured and resting muscle biopsies were taken in a subgroup of runners (n = 18). 10-20-30 improved 5-K time (38 s) and lowered systolic BP (2 ± 1 mmHg). For hypertensive subjects in 10-20-30 (n = 30), systolic and diastolic BP was lowered by 5 ± 4 and 3 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, which was a greater reduction than in the non-hypertensive subjects (n = 102). 10-20-30 increased VO2max but did not influence muscle fiber area, distribution or capillarization, whereas the expression of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was lowered by 22%. No changes were observed in CON. These results suggest that 10-20-30 training is an effective and easily implemented training intervention improving endurance performance, VO2max and lowering BP in recreational runners, but does not affect muscle morphology and reduces muscle VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Gliemann
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas P Gunnarsson
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mendham AE, Duffield R, Marino F, Coutts AJ. Small-sided games training reduces CRP, IL-6 and leptin in sedentary, middle-aged men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:2289-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Randers MB, Nielsen JJ, Bangsbo J, Krustrup P. Physiological response and activity profile in recreational small-sided football: No effect of the number of players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24 Suppl 1:130-7. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Randers
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. J. Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; St Luke's Campus; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
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Andersen TR, Schmidt JF, Nielsen JJ, Randers MB, Sundstrup E, Jakobsen MD, Andersen LL, Suetta C, Aagaard P, Bangsbo J, Krustrup P. Effect of football or strength training on functional ability and physical performance in untrained old men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24 Suppl 1:76-85. [PMID: 24903323 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 16 weeks of football or strength training on performance and functional ability were investigated in 26 (68.2 ± 3.2 years) untrained men randomized into a football (FG; n = 9), a strength training (ST; n = 9), or a control group (CO; n = 8). FG and ST trained 1.6 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.1 times per week, respectively, with higher (P < 0.05) average heart rate (HR) (∼140 vs 100 bpm) and time >90%HRmax (17 vs 0%) in FG than ST, and lower (P < 0.05) peak blood lactate in FG than ST (7.2 ± 0.9 vs 10.5 ± 0.6 mmol/L). After the intervention period (IP), VO₂ max (15%; P < 0.001), cycle time to exhaustion (7%; P < 0.05), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 1 performance (43%; P < 0.01) were improved in FG, but unchanged in ST and CO. HR during walking was 12% and 10% lower (P < 0.05) in FG and ST, respectively, after IP. After IP, HR and blood lactate during jogging were 7% (P < 0.05) and 30% lower (P < 0.001) in FG, but unchanged in ST and CO. Sit-to-stand performance was improved (P < 0.01) by 29% in FG and 26% in ST, but not in CO. In conclusion, football and strength training for old men improves functional ability and physiological response to submaximal exercise, while football additionally elevates maximal aerobic fitness and exhaustive exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Andersen
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Andersen LJ, Randers MB, Hansen PR, Hornstrup T, Schmidt JF, Dvorak J, Søgaard P, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Structural and functional cardiac adaptations to 6 months of football training in untrained hypertensive men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24 Suppl 1:27-35. [PMID: 24903081 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 3 and 6 months of regular football training on cardiac structure and function in hypertensive men. Thirty-one untrained males with mild-to-moderate hypertension were randomized 2:1 to a football training group (n = 20) and a control group receiving traditional recommendations on healthy lifestyle (n = 11). Cardiac measures were evaluated by echocardiography. The football group exhibited significant (P < 0.05) changes in cardiac dimensions and function after just 3 months: Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume increased from 104 ± 25 to 117 ± 29 mL. LV diastolic function improved measured as E/A ratio (1.15 ± 0.32 to 1.54 ± 0.38), early diastolic velocity, E' (11.0 ± 2.5 to 11.9 ± 2.6 cm/s), and isovolumetric relaxation time (74 ± 13 to 62 ± 13 ms). LV systolic function improved measured as longitudinal displacement (10.7 ± 2.1 to 12.1 ± 2.3 mm). Right ventricular function improved with respect to tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (21.8 ± 3.2 to 24.5 ± 3.7 mm). Arterial blood pressure decreased in both groups, but significantly more in the football training group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. In conclusion, short-term football training improves LV diastolic function in untrained men with mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension. Furthermore, it may improve longitudinal systolic function of both ventricles. The results suggest that football training has favorable effects on cardiac function in hypertensive men.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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Uth J, Schmidt JF, Christensen JF, Hornstrup T, Andersen LJ, Hansen PR, Christensen KB, Andersen LL, Helge EW, Brasso K, Rørth M, Krustrup P, Midtgaard J. Effects of recreational soccer in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: study protocol for the 'FC Prostate' randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:595. [PMID: 24330570 PMCID: PMC3867428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Adverse musculoskeletal and cardiovascular effects of ADT are widely reported and investigations into the potential of exercise to ameliorate the effects of treatment are warranted. The 'Football Club (FC) Prostate' study is a randomized trial comparing the effects of soccer training with standard treatment approaches on body composition, cardiovascular function, physical function parameters, glucose tolerance, bone health, and patient-reported outcomes in men undergoing ADT for prostate cancer. METHODS/DESIGN Using a single-center randomized controlled design, 80 men with histologically confirmed locally advanced or disseminated prostate cancer undergoing ADT for 6 months or more at The Copenhagen University Hospital will be enrolled on this trial. After baseline assessments eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a soccer training group or a control group receiving usual care. The soccer intervention will consist of 12 weeks of training 2-3 times/week for 45-60 min after which the assessment protocol will be repeated. Soccer training will then continue bi-weekly for an additional 20 weeks at the end of which all measures will be repeated to allow for additional analyses of long-term effects. The primary endpoint is changes in lean body mass from baseline to 12 weeks assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry scan. Secondary endpoints include changes of cardiovascular, metabolic, and physical function parameters, as well as markers of bone metabolism and patient-reported outcomes. DISCUSSION The FC Prostate trial will assess the safety and efficacy of a novel soccer-training approach to cancer rehabilitation on a number of clinically important health outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer during ADT. The results may pave the way for innovative, community-based interventions in the approach to treating prostate cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01711892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Uth
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Care Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jakob Friis Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jesper Frank Christensen
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Care Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Therese Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Lars Juel Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Hospital, Niels Andersens Vej 65, Hellerup 2900, Denmark
| | - Karl Bang Christensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Eva Wulff Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Department of Urology and Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Mikael Rørth
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Julie Midtgaard
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Care Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Barene S, Krustrup P, Jackman SR, Brekke OL, Holtermann A. Do soccer and Zumba exercise improve fitness and indicators of health among female hospital employees? A 12-week RCT. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:990-9. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Barene
- Department of Sports; University of Nordland; Bodø Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Human Physiology; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Human Physiology; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - S. R. Jackman
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - O. L. Brekke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Nordland Hospital Bodø and Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tromsø; Tromsø Norway
| | - A. Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Copenhagen Denmark
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Randers MB, Andersen LJ, Orntoft C, Bendiksen M, Johansen L, Horton J, Hansen PR, Krustrup P. Cardiovascular health profile of elite female football players compared to untrained controls before and after short-term football training. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:1421-31. [PMID: 23829646 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.792950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the intermittent exercise performance and cardiovascular health profile in elite female football players in comparison to untrained young women, as well as a subgroup subjected to football training 2x1 h · week(-1) for 16 weeks. Twenty-seven Danish national team players (elite trained, ET) and 28 untrained women (UT) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-scanning (DXA), comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, treadmill and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance level 2 (IE2) testing. Eight women in UT were also tested after the football training period. Maximal oxygen uptake rate (VO2max), peak ventilation and peak lactate were 40, 18 and 51% higher (P< 0.01) in ET than UT, respectively. Cardiac dimensions and function were greater in ET than UT, with left ventricular diastolic diameter, right ventricular diastolic diameter, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and peak transmitral flow in early diastole divided by peak transmitral flow velocity in late diastole during atrial contraction (E/A-ratio) being 13, 19, 27 and 41%, respectively, greater in ET than UT (P< 0.001 to< 0.05). Yo-Yo IE2 performance was 7-fold higher in ET than UT (1772 ± 508 vs. 234 ± 66 m, P< 0.001), fat mass was 51% lower (P< 0.001) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were 20% higher (P< 0.01). Sixteen weeks of football elevated VO2max and Yo-Yo IE2 performance by 16 and 40%, respectively, and lowered fat mass by 6%. Cardiac function was markedly improved by 16 weeks of football training with 26 and 46% increases in TAPSE and E/A ratio, respectively, reaching levels comparable to ET. In summary, elite female football players have a superior cardiovascular health profile and intermittent exercise performance compared to untrained controls, but short-term football training can markedly improve the cardiovascular health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Bredsgaard Randers
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Universitetsparken 13, Kbh Ø, 2100, Denmark
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Abstract
The effect of an alteration from regular endurance to interval (10-20-30) training on the health profile, muscular adaptations, maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max), and performance of runners was examined. Eighteen moderately trained individuals (6 females and 12 males; V̇o2max: 52.2 ± 1.5 ml·kg−1·min−1) (means ± SE) were divided into a high-intensity training (10-20-30; 3 women and 7 men) and a control (CON; 3 women and 5 men) group. For a 7-wk intervention period the 10-20-30 replaced all training sessions with 10-20-30 training consisting of low-, moderate-, and high-speed running (<30%, <60%, and >90% of maximal intensity) for 30, 20, and 10 s, respectively, in three or four 5-min intervals interspersed by 2 min of recovery, reducing training volume by 54% (14.0 ± 0.9 vs. 30.4 ± 2.3 km/wk) while CON continued the normal training. After the intervention period V̇o2max in 10-20-30 was 4% higher, and performance in a 1,500-m and a 5-km run improved ( P < 0.05) by 21 and 48 s, respectively. In 10-20-30, systolic blood pressure was reduced ( P < 0.05) by 5 ± 2 mmHg, and total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was lowered ( P < 0.05) by 0.5 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. No alterations were observed in CON. Muscle membrane proteins and enzyme activity did not change in either of the groups. The present study shows that interval training with short 10-s near-maximal bouts can improve performance and V̇o2max despite a ∼50% reduction in training volume. In addition, the 10-20-30 training regime lowers resting systolic blood pressure and blood cholesterol, suggesting a beneficial effect on the health profile of already trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Gunnarsson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Bangsbo
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mendham AE, Coutts AJ, Duffield R. The acute effects of aerobic exercise and modified rugby on inflammation and glucose homeostasis within Indigenous Australians. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112:3787-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Randers MB, Petersen J, Andersen LJ, Krustrup BR, Hornstrup T, Nielsen JJ, Nordentoft M, Krustrup P. Short-term street soccer improves fitness and cardiovascular health status of homeless men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112:2097-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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