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Yang CR, Liang R, Liu Y, Meng FJ, Zhou F, Zhang XY, Ning L, Wang ZQ, Liu S, Zhou XF. Upregulation of proBDNF/p75NTR signaling in immune cells and its correlation with inflammatory markers in patients with major depression. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23312. [PMID: 38161282 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301140rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ProBDNF is the precursor protein of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Previous studies showed that the blood levels of both proBDNF and p75 neurotrophic receptors (p75NTR) in major depressive disorder (MDD) were increased, but which blood cell types express proBDNF and its receptors is not known. Furthermore, the relationship between proBDNF/p75NTR and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of MDD is unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were obtained from depressive patients (n = 32) and normal donors (n = 20). We examined the expression of proBDNF and inflammatory markers and their correlative relationship in patients with major depression. Using flow cytometry analysis, we examined which blood cells express proBDNF and its receptors. Finally, the role of proBDNF/p75NTR signal in inflammatory immune activity of PBMCs was verified in vitro experiments. Inflammatory cytokines in PBMC from MDD patients were increased and correlated with the major depression scores. The levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were also positively correlated with the major depression scores, while the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were negatively correlated with the major depression scores. Intriguingly, the levels of sortilin were positively correlated with IL-1β. Q-PCR and Western blots showed proBDNF, p75NTR, and sortilin levels were significantly increased in PBMCs from MDD patients compared with that from the normal donors. Flow cytometry studies showed that proBDNF and p75NTR were present mainly in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The number of proBDNF and p75NTR positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from MDD patients was increased and subsequently reversed after therapeutic management. Exogenous proBDNF protein or p75ECD-Fc treatment of cultured PBMC affected the release of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. ProBDNF promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines, while p75ECD-Fc inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Given there was an inflammatory response of lymphocytes to proBDNF, it is suggested that proBDNF/p75NTR signaling may upstream inflammatory cytokines in MDD. Our data suggest that proBDNF/p75NTR signaling may not only serve as biomarkers but also may be a potential therapeutic target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Rui Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Jie Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fiona Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Li Ning
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Suzhou Auzone Biotech Ltd, Suzhou International Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Latina V, Atlante A, Malerba F, La Regina F, Balzamino BO, Micera A, Pignataro A, Stigliano E, Cavallaro S, Calissano P, Amadoro G. The Cleavage-Specific Tau 12A12mAb Exerts an Anti-Amyloidogenic Action by Modulating the Endocytic and Bioenergetic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119683. [PMID: 37298634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond deficits in hippocampal-dependent episodic memory, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) features sensory impairment in visual cognition consistent with extensive neuropathology in the retina. 12A12 is a monoclonal cleavage specific antibody (mAb) that in vivo selectively neutralizes the AD-relevant, harmful N-terminal 20-22 kDa tau fragment(s) (i.e., NH2htau) without affecting the full-length normal protein. When systemically injected into the Tg2576 mouse model overexpressing a mutant form of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), APPK670/671L linked to early onset familial AD, this conformation-specific tau mAb successfully reduces the NH2htau accumulating both in their brain and retina and, thus, markedly alleviates the phenotype-associated signs. By means of a combined biochemical and metabolic experimental approach, we report that 12A12mAb downregulates the steady state expression levels of APP and Beta-Secretase 1 (BACE-1) and, thus, limits the Amyloid beta (Aβ) production both in the hippocampus and retina from this AD animal model. The local, antibody-mediated anti-amyloidogenic action is paralleled in vivo by coordinated modulation of the endocytic (BIN1, RIN3) and bioenergetic (glycolysis and L-Lactate) pathways. These findings indicate for the first time that similar molecular and metabolic retino-cerebral pathways are modulated in a coordinated fashion in response to 12A12mAb treatment to tackle the neurosensorial Aβ accumulation in AD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Malerba
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico La Regina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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3
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Qin X, Wang J, Chen S, Liu G, Wu C, Lv Q, He X, Bai X, Huang W, Liao H. Astrocytic p75 NTR expression provoked by ischemic stroke exacerbates the blood-brain barrier disruption. Glia 2022; 70:892-912. [PMID: 35064700 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ) contributes to the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier in retinal ischemia. However, whether p75NTR influences the BBB permeability after acute cerebral ischemia remains unknown. The present study investigated the role and underlying mechanism of p75NTR on BBB integrity in an ischemic stroke mouse model, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24 h of MCAO, astrocytes and endothelial cells in the infarct-affected brain area up-regulated p75NTR . Genetic p75NTR knockdown (p75NTR+/- ) or pharmacological inhibition of p75NTR using LM11A-31, a selective inhibitor of p75NTR , both attenuated brain damage and BBB leakage in MCAO mice. Astrocyte-specific conditional knockdown of p75NTR mediated with an adeno-associated virus significantly ameliorated BBB disruption and brain tissue damage, as well as the neurological functions after stroke. Further molecular biological examinations indicated that astrocytic p75NTR activated NF-κB and HIF-1α signals, which upregulated the expression of MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), subsequently leading to tight junction degradation after ischemia. As a result, increased leukocyte infiltration and microglia activation exacerbated brain injury after stroke. Overall, our results provide novel insight into the role of astrocytic p75NTR in BBB disruption after acute cerebral ischemia. The p75NTR may therefore be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Qin
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujian Chen
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunyu Lv
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinran He
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hong Liao
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Ren W, Lou H, Ren X, Wen G, Wu X, Xia X, Wang S, Yu X, Yan L, Zhang G, Yao J, Lu Y, Wu X. Ketamine promotes the amyloidogenic pathway by regulating endosomal pH. Toxicology 2022; 471:153163. [PMID: 35378374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is an anesthetic and addictive drug that can cause cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown that carboxy-terminal fragment derived from β-secretase (CTF-β) and amyloid beta (Aβ), the amyloidogenic products of amyloid precursor protein (APP), can also induce neuroinflammation and impair cognitive function. However, it remains unclear whether ketamine regulates the amyloidogenic pathway. In the endosome, APP is cleaved by beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), whose activity is influenced by pH. Endosomal acidification is mainly regulated by sodium hydrogen exchanger 6 (NHE6), which leaks protons out of endosomes, and vacuolar proton translocating ATPases (V-ATPase), which pump protons into endosomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that ketamine lowers the endosomal pH by reducing the endosomal NHE6 protein level, and this hyperacidification promotes the amyloidogenic pathway. We set up C57BL/6 J mouse models using 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 mg/kg ketamine administration and SH-SY5Y cell models using 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μM ketamine administration to investigate its effects on the amyloidogenic pathway at different doses. Western blotting results showed that 100 mg/kg ketamine treatment in vivo and 1000 μM ketamine treatment in vitro increased endosomal BACE1 and CTF-β protein levels and reduced endosomal NHE6 and APP protein levels. The endosomal accumulation of BACE1 caused by ketamine administration was also observed using confocal imaging. Moreover, flow cytometry indicated that ketamine treatment lowered the endosomal pH value of SH-SY5Y cells. Later, cells were pretreated with monensin to restore the endosomal pH. Monensin did not affect amyloidogenic-related proteins or NHE6 directly; therefore, ketamine-promoted endosomal amyloidogenic processing and BACE1 accumulation were depleted by restoring endosomal acidity through monensin pretreatment. Finally, knockdown of NHE6 promoted the amyloidogenic pathway similarly and prevented further enhancement by ketamine. These results indicated that the effects of ketamine on the amyloidogenic pathway were dependent on the reduction of NHE6 and endosomal pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishu Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haoyang Lou
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghua Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gehua Wen
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Xia
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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5
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Wong LW, Wang Z, Ang SRX, Sajikumar S. Fading memories in aging and neurodegeneration: Is p75 neurotrophin receptor a culprit? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101567. [PMID: 35051645 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the major concerns in modern times as cognitive abilities tend to decline when we get older. It is well known that the main cause of this age-related cognitive deficit is due to aberrant changes in cellular, molecular circuitry and signaling pathways underlying synaptic plasticity and neuronal connections. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is one of the important mediators regulating the fate of the neurons in the nervous system. Its importance in neuronal apoptosis is well documented. However, the mechanisms involving the regulation of p75NTR in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function remain obscure, although cognitive impairment has been associated with a higher expression of p75NTR in neurons. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how neurons are influenced by p75NTR function to maintain normal neuronal synaptic strength and connectivity, particularly to support learning and memory in the hippocampus. We then discuss the age-associated alterations in neurophysiological mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Furthermore, we also describe current evidence that has begun to elucidate how p75NTR regulates synaptic changes in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the hippocampus. Elucidating the role that p75NTR signaling plays in regulating synaptic plasticity will contribute to a better understanding of cognitive processes and pathological conditions. This will in turn provide novel approaches to improve therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases in which p75NTR dysfunction has been demonstrated.
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6
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Yang CR, Ding HJ, Yu M, Zhou FH, Han CY, Liang R, Zhang XY, Zhang XL, Meng FJ, Wang S, Li DD, Sun WZ, Meng B, Zhou XF. proBDNF/p75NTR promotes rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory response by activating proinflammatory cytokines. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22180. [PMID: 35129860 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101558r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
P75 pan-neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is an important receptor for the role of neurotrophins in survival and death of neurons during development and after nerve injury. Our previous research found that the precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) regulates pain as an inflammatory mediator. The current understanding of the role of proBDNF/p75NTR signaling pathway in inflammatory arthritis pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. We recruited 20 RA patients, 20 healthy donors (HDs), and 10 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of proBDNF and p75NTR in synovial membrane were performed and evaluated. We next examined the mRNA and protein expression of proBDNF/p75NTR signaling pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial tissue. ELISA and flow cytometry were assessed between the blood of RA patients and HD. To induce RA, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were induced in mice. We found over-synovitis of RA synovial membrane compared to OA controls in histologic sections. P75NTR and sortilin mRNA, and proBDNF protein level were significantly increased in PBMCs of RA patients compared with the HD. Consistently, ELISA showed that p75NTR, sortilin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the serum of RA patients were increased compared with HD and p75NTR, sortilin were positively correlated with Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). In addition, using flow cytometry we showed that the increased levels of proBDNF and p75NTR characterized in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of RA patients were subsequently reversed with methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Furthermore, we found pathological changes, inflammatory pain, upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of proBDNF/p75NTR signaling pathway, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in spinal cord using a well-established CIA mouse model. We showed intravenous treatment of recombinant p75ECD-Fc that biologically blocked all inflammatory responses and relieved inflammatory pain of animals with CIA. Our findings showed the involvement of proBDNF/p75NTR pathway in the RA inflammatory response and how blocking it with p75ECD-Fc may be a promising therapeutic treatment for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Rui Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Ding
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Tianjin Public Security Profession College, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fiona-H Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chen-Yang Han
- Pain Treatment Center, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Lian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Jie Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - De-Dong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Zong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Eggert S, Kins S, Endres K, Brigadski T. Brothers in arms: proBDNF/BDNF and sAPPα/Aβ-signaling and their common interplay with ADAM10, TrkB, p75NTR, sortilin, and sorLA in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem 2022; 403:43-71. [PMID: 34619027 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important modulator for a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). A wealth of evidence, such as reduced mRNA and protein level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients implicates a crucial role of BDNF in the progression of this disease. Especially, processing and subcellular localization of BDNF and its receptors TrkB and p75 are critical determinants for survival and death in neuronal cells. Similarly, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer's disease, and its cleavage fragments sAPPα and Aβ are known for their respective roles in neuroprotection and neuronal death. Common features of APP- and BDNF-signaling indicate a causal relationship in their mode of action. However, the interconnections of APP- and BDNF-signaling are not well understood. Therefore, we here discuss dimerization properties, localization, processing by α- and γ-secretase, relevance of the common interaction partners TrkB, p75, sorLA, and sortilin as well as shared signaling pathways of BDNF and sAPPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
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8
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Wang Z, Huang Y, Chu F, Liao K, Cui Z, Chen J, Tang S. Integrated Analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome profile to identify key features of age-related macular degeneration. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7061-7078. [PMID: 34569899 PMCID: PMC8806579 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1976502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common vision-threatening disease. The current study sought to integrate DNA methylation with transcriptome profile to explore key features in AMD. Gene expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, accession ID: GSE135092) and DNA methylation data were obtained from the ArrayExpress repository (E-MTAB-7183). A total of 456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 4827 intragenic differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) were identified between AMD and controls. DEGs and DMCs were intersected and 19 epigenetically induced (EI) genes and 15 epigenetically suppressed (ES) genes were identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to estimate the abundance of different types of immune cell in each sample. Enrichment scores of inflammatory response and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) signaling via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) were positively correlated with abundance of activated memory CD4 T cells and M1 macrophages. Subsequently, two significant random forest classifiers were constructed based on DNA methylation and transcriptome data. SMAD2 and NGFR were selected as key genes through functional epigenetic modules (FEM) analysis. Expression level of SMAD2, NGFR and their integrating proteins was validated in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TNFα co-treated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro. The findings of the current study showed that local inflammation and systemic inflammatory host response play key roles in pathogenesis of AMD. SMAD2 and NGFR provide new insight in understanding the molecular mechanism and are potential therapeutic targets for development of AMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Feixue Chu
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Cas Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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9
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Busquets O, Parcerisas A, Verdaguer E, Ettcheto M, Camins A, Beas-Zarate C, Castro-Torres RD, Auladell C. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases in Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Target for the Modulation of the Earliest Alterations. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S127-S139. [PMID: 33216036 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Given the highly multifactorial origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, disentangling and orderly knowing mechanisms involved in sporadic onset are arduous. Nevertheless, when the elements involved are dissected into smaller pieces, the task becomes more accessible. This review aimed to describe the link between c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs), master regulators of many cellular functions, and the early alterations of AD: synaptic loss and dysregulation of neuronal transport. Both processes have a role in the posterior cognitive decline observed in AD. The manuscript focuses on the molecular mechanisms of glutamatergic, GABA, and cholinergic synapses altered by the presence of amyloid-β aggregates and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as on several consequences of the disruption of cellular processes linked to neuronal transport that is controlled by the JNK-JIP (c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting proteins (JIPs) complex, including the transport of AβPP or autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Busquets
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rubén Darío Castro-Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Biology of Neurotransmission, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carme Auladell
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Hu ZL, Luo C, Hurtado PR, Li H, Wang S, Hu B, Xu JM, Liu Y, Feng SQ, Hurtado-Perez E, Chen K, Zhou XF, Li CQ, Dai RP. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor in the immune system is a novel target for treating multiple sclerosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:715-730. [PMID: 33391501 PMCID: PMC7738849 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system. However, the role of proBDNF in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Methods: Peripheral blood and post-mortem brain and spinal cord specimens were obtained from multiple sclerosis patients to analyze proBDNF expression in peripheral lymphocytes and infiltrating immune cells in the lesion site. The proBDNF expression profile was also examined in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, and polyclonal and monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibodies were used to explore their therapeutic effect in EAE. Finally, the role of proBDNF in the inflammatory immune activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was verified in vitro experiments. Results: High proBDNF expression was detected in the circulating lymphocytes and infiltrated inflammatory cells at the lesion sites of the brain and spinal cord in MS patients. In the EAE mouse model, proBDNF was upregulated in CNS and in circulating and splenic lymphocytes. Systemic but not intracranial administration of anti-proBDNF blocking antibodies attenuated clinical scores, limited demyelination, and inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in EAE mice. Immuno-stimulants treatment increased the proBDNF release and upregulated the expression of p75 neurotrophic receptors (p75NTR) in lymphocytes. The monoclonal antibody against proBDNF inhibited the inflammatory response of PBMCs upon stimulations. Conclusion: The findings suggest that proBDNF from immune cells promotes the immunopathogenesis of MS. Monoclonal Ab-proB may be a promising therapeutic agent for treating MS.
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11
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Yi C, Goh KY, Wong LW, Ramanujan A, Tanaka K, Sajikumar S, Ibáñez CF. Inactive variants of death receptor p75 NTR reduce Alzheimer's neuropathology by interfering with APP internalization. EMBO J 2020; 40:e104450. [PMID: 33258176 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A prevalent model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis postulates the generation of neurotoxic fragments derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) after its internalization to endocytic compartments. The molecular pathways that regulate APP internalization and intracellular trafficking in neurons are incompletely understood. Here, we report that 5xFAD mice, an animal model of AD, expressing signaling-deficient variants of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ) show greater neuroprotection from AD neuropathology than animals lacking this receptor. p75NTR knock-in mice lacking the death domain or transmembrane Cys259 showed lower levels of Aβ species, amyloid plaque burden, gliosis, mitochondrial stress, and neurite dystrophy than global knock-outs. Strikingly, long-term synaptic plasticity and memory, which are completely disrupted in 5xFAD mice, were fully recovered in the knock-in mice. Mechanistically, we found that p75NTR interacts with APP at the plasma membrane and regulates its internalization and intracellular trafficking in hippocampal neurons. Inactive p75NTR variants internalized considerably slower than wild-type p75NTR and showed increased association with the recycling pathway, thereby reducing APP internalization and co-localization with BACE1, the critical protease for generation of neurotoxic APP fragments, favoring non-amyloidogenic APP cleavage. These results reveal a novel pathway that directly and specifically regulates APP internalization, amyloidogenic processing, and disease progression, and suggest that inhibitors targeting the p75NTR transmembrane domain may be an effective therapeutic strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenju Yi
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ket Yin Goh
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lik-Wei Wong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ajeena Ramanujan
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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12
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Abstract
It is widely accepted that β-amyloid oligomers (Aβos) play a key role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by inducing neuron damage and cognitive impairment, but Aβos are highly heterogeneous in their size, structure and cytotoxicity, making the corresponding studies tough to carry out. Nevertheless, a number of studies have recently made remarkable progress in the describing the characteristics and pathogenicity of Aβos. We here review the mechanisms by which Aβos exert their neuropathogenesis for AD progression, including receptor binding, cell membrane destruction, mitochondrial damage, Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation and tau pathological induction. We also summarize the characteristics and pathogenicity such as the size, morphology and cytotoxicity of dimers, trimers, Aβ*56 and spherical oligomers, and suggest that Aβos may play a different role at different phases of AD pathogenesis, resulting in differential consequences on neuronal synaptotoxicity and survival. It is warranted to investigate the temporal sequence of Aβos in AD human brain and examine the relationship between different Aβos and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui-tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
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13
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Ding XW, Li R, Geetha T, Tao YX, Babu JR. Nerve growth factor in metabolic complications and Alzheimer's disease: Physiology and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165858. [PMID: 32531260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the population ages, obesity and metabolic complications as well as neurological disorders are becoming more prevalent, with huge economic burdens on both societies and families. New therapeutics are urgently needed. Nerve growth factor (NGF), first discovered in 1950s, is a neurotrophic factor involved in regulating cell proliferation, growth, survival, and apoptosis in both central and peripheral nervous systems. NGF and its precursor, proNGF, bind to TrkA and p75 receptors and initiate protein phosphorylation cascades, resulting in changes of cellular functions, and are associated with obesity, diabetes and its complications, and Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we summarize changes in NGF levels in metabolic and neuronal disorders, the signal transduction initiated by NGF and proNGF, the physiological and pathophysiological relevance, and therapeutic potential in treating chronic metabolic diseases and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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14
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Wang J, Hu WW, Jiang Z, Feng MJ. Advances in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: Perspectives for combination of stem cells with neurotrophic factors. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:323-338. [PMID: 32547681 PMCID: PMC7280867 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are a group of incurable neurological disorders, characterized by the chronic progressive loss of different neuronal subtypes. However, despite its increasing prevalence among the ever-increasing aging population, little progress has been made in the coincident immense efforts towards development of therapeutic agents. Research interest has recently turned towards stem cells including stem cells-derived exosomes, neurotrophic factors, and their combination as potential therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize the progress in therapeutic strategies based on stem cells combined with neurotrophic factors and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on the combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Jiang Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Shen LL, Li WW, Xu YL, Gao SH, Xu MY, Bu XL, Liu YH, Wang J, Zhu J, Zeng F, Yao XQ, Gao CY, Xu ZQ, Zhou XF, Wang YJ. Neurotrophin receptor p75 mediates amyloid β-induced tau pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104567. [PMID: 31394202 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) are a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau phosphorylation is suggested to be secondary to amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation. However, the mechanism by which Aβ induces tau phosphorylation in neurons remains unclear. Neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) is a receptor for Aβ and mediates Aβ neurotoxicity, implying that p75NTR may mediate Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation in AD. Here, we showed that Aβ-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration, including tau phosphorylation, synaptic disorder and neuronal loss, in the brains of both male wild-type (Wt) mice and male P301L transgenic mice (a mouse model of human tauopathy) were alleviated by genetic knockout of p75NTR in the both mouse models. We further confirmed that the activation or inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) significantly changed Aβ/p75NTR-mediated p-tau levels in neurons. Treatment of male P301L mice with soluble p75NTR extracellular domain (p75ECD-Fc), which antagonizes the binding of Aβ to p75NTR, suppressed tau hyperphosphorylation. Taken together, our findings suggest that p75NTR meditates Aβ-induced tau pathology and is a potential druggable target for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China; Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse 857000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ya-Li Xu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shi-Hao Gao
- Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse 857000, China
| | - Man-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Yao
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Aging and Brain Diseases, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Quan Q, Qian Y, Li X, Li M. CDK5 Participates in Amyloid-β Production by Regulating PPARγ Phosphorylation in Primary Rat Hippocampal Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:443-460. [PMID: 31403945 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Quan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yihua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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17
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Mañucat-Tan NB, Shen LL, Bobrovskaya L, Al-Hawwas M, Zhou FH, Wang YJ, Zhou XF. Knockout of p75 neurotrophin receptor attenuates the hyperphosphorylation of Tau in pR5 mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6762-91. [PMID: 31479419 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether p75NTR is involved in Tau hyperphosphorylation, one of the pathologies observed in AD, remains unclear. In our previous study, the extracellular domain of p75NTR blocked amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and attenuated Aβ-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation. Here we show that, in the absence of Aβ, p75NTR regulates Tau phosphorylation in the transgenic mice with the P301L human Tau mutation (pR5). The knockout of p75NTR in pR5 mice attenuated the phosphorylation of human Tau. In addition, the elevated activity of kinases responsible for Tau phosphorylation including glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; cyclin-dependent-kinase 5; and Rho-associated protein kinase was also inhibited when p75NTR is knocked out in pR5 mice at 9 months of age. The increased caspase-3 activity observed in pR5 mice was also abolished in the absence of p75NTR. Our study also showed that p75NTR is required for Aβ- and pro-brain derived neurotrophin factor (proBDNF)-induced Tau phosphorylation, in vitro. Overall, our data indicate that p75NTR is required for Tau phosphorylation, a key event in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, another hallmark of AD. Thus, targeting p75NTR could reduce or prevent the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of Tau.
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18
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Wang YR, Wang J, Liu YH, Hu GL, Gao CY, Wang YJ, Zhou XF, Zeng F. Cysteine-Rich Repeat Domains 2 and 4 are Amyloid-β Binding Domains of Neurotrophin Receptor p75NTR and Potential Targets to Block Amyloid-β Neurotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:139-147. [PMID: 29578485 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is an amyloid-β (Aβ) receptor that both mediates Aβ neurotoxicity and regulates Aβ production and deposition, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extracellular domain of p75NTR (p75ECD), consisting of four cysteine-rich repeat domains (CRDs), was recently reported to be an endogenous anti-Aβ scavenger to block p75NTR-mediated neuronal death and neurite degeneration signaling of Aβ and pro-neurotrophins. Identification of the specific Aβ binding domains of p75NTR is crucial for illuminating their interactions and the etiology of AD. CRDs of p75ECD were obtained by expression of recombinant plasmids or direct synthesis. Aβ aggregation inhibiting test and immunoprecipitation assay were applied to locate the specific binding domains of Aβ to p75ECD. The Aβ neurotoxicity antagonistic effects of different CRDs were examined by cytotoxicity experiments including neurite outgrowth assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, and MTT assay. In the Aβ aggregation inhibiting test, the fluorescence intensity in the CRD2 and CRD4 treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the CRD1 and CRD3 treatment groups. Immunoprecipitation assay and western blot confirmed that Aβ could bind to CRD2 and CRD4. Besides, CRD2 and CRD4 antagonized Aβ neurotoxicity suggested by longer neurite length, less PI labelled cells, and higher cell viability than the control group. Our results indicate that CRD2 and CRD4 are Aβ binding domains of p75NTR and capable of antagonizing Aβ neurotoxicity, and therefore are potential therapeutic targets to block the interaction of Aβ and p75NTR in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ran Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong-Ling Hu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China
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19
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Saadipour K, Tiberi A, Lombardo S, Grajales E, Montroull L, Mañucat-Tan NB, LaFrancois J, Cammer M, Mathews PM, Scharfman HE, Liao FF, Friedman WJ, Zhou XF, Tesco G, Chao MV. Regulation of BACE1 expression after injury is linked to the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 99:103395. [PMID: 31422108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is a transmembrane aspartic protease that cleaves various substrates and it is required for normal brain function. BACE1 expression is high during early development, but it is reduced in adulthood. Under conditions of stress and injury, BACE1 levels are increased; however, the underlying mechanisms that drive BACE1 elevation are not well understood. One mechanism associated with brain injury is the activation of injurious p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75), which can trigger pathological signals. Here we report that within 72 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI) or laser injury, BACE1 and p75 are increased and tightly co-expressed in cortical neurons of mouse brain. Additionally, BACE1 is not up-regulated in p75 null mice in response to focal cortical injury, while p75 over-expression results in BACE1 augmentation in HEK-293 and SY5Y cell lines. A luciferase assay conducted in SY5Y cell line revealed that BACE1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level in response to p75 transfection. Interestingly, this effect does not appear to be dependent upon p75 ligands including mature and pro-neurotrophins. In addition, BACE1 activity on amyloid precursor protein (APP) is enhanced in SY5Y-APP cells transfected with a p75 construct. Lastly, we found that the activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase (JNK) by p75 contributes to BACE1 up-regulation. This study explores how two injury-induced molecules are intimately connected and suggests a potential link between p75 signaling and the expression of BACE1 after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadipour
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | - Alexia Tiberi
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA; Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Sylvia Lombardo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Elena Grajales
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Laura Montroull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers Life Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Noralyn B Mañucat-Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - John LaFrancois
- The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul M Mathews
- The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Francesca-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Wilma J Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers Life Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Giueseppina Tesco
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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20
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Meldolesi J. Alzheimer's disease: Key developments support promising perspectives for therapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104316. [PMID: 31260730 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's is the neurodegenerative disease affecting the largest number of patients in the world. In spite of the intense research of the last decades, progress about its knowledge and therapy was limited. In particular, various cytotoxic processes remained debated, while the few drugs approved for therapy were of only marginal relevance. Recent studies have identified key aspects of the disease, such as the mechanisms governing the development of pathology. In order to operate the Aβ peptide, known as the key factor, requires a complex assembled by its high affinity binding to PrPc, a cell surface prion protein, and mGluR5, a metabotropic glutamate receptor. Aβ and its associates bind also phosphorylated tau transferred to the extracellular space, with final activation of intracellular cytotoxic signals. Pathology is further affected by factors (including genes, receptors and their agonists) and by glial cells governing (via vesicles, cytokines and enzymes) cell immunology, inflammation and oxidative stress. Concomitant to pathology studies, strong attempts have been made for the development of new, effective therapies. Critical for this are biomarkers, by which Alzheimer's patients are recognized even before appearance of their symptoms. The question was whether patients take advantage from drugs not yet approved. The latter, first identified in mice, were found effective also in men, however only before appearance or at early stage of the disease. In other words, the drugs not yet approved induce effective protection of patients still healthy or in a preliminary stage of the disease. In contrast, developed Alzheimer's disease is practically irreversible.
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21
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Abstract
No cure or disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has yet been realized. However, a multitude of pharmacological targets have been identified for possible engagement to enable drug discovery efforts for AD. Herein, we review these targets comprised around three main therapeutic strategies. First is an approach that targets the main pathological hallmarks of AD: amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles which primarily focuses on reducing formation and aggregation, and/or inducing their clearance. Second is a strategy that modulates neurotransmitter signaling. Comprising this strategy are the cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade treatments that are clinically approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Additional targets that aim to stabilize neuron signaling through modulation of neurotransmitters and their receptors are also discussed. Finally, the third approach comprises a collection of 'sensitive targets' that indirectly influence Aβ or tau accumulation. These targets are proteins that upon Aβ accumulation in the brain or direct Aβ-target interaction, a modification in the target's function is induced. The process occurs early in disease progression, ultimately causing neuronal dysfunction. This strategy aims to restore normal target function to alleviate Aβ-induced toxicity in neurons. Overall, we generally limit our analysis to targets that have emerged in the last decade and targets that have been validated using small molecules in in vitro and/or in vivo models. This review is not an exhaustive list of all possible targets for AD but serves to highlight the most promising and critical targets suitable for small molecule drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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22
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Fleitas C, Piñol-Ripoll G, Marfull P, Rocandio D, Ferrer I, Rampon C, Egea J, Espinet C. proBDNF is modified by advanced glycation end products in Alzheimer's disease and causes neuronal apoptosis by inducing p75 neurotrophin receptor processing. Mol Brain 2018; 11:68. [PMID: 30428894 PMCID: PMC6237019 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex pathology related to multiple causes including oxidative stress. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neutrotrophic factor essential for the survival and differentiation of neurons and is considered a key target in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases, as for example AD. Contrarily to BDNF, the precursor form of BDNF (proBDNF) induces apoptosis through the specific interaction with p75 and its co-receptor, Sortilin. We used hippocampal tissue and cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients and controls. to study the localization and the levels of proBDNF, p75 and Sortilin as well as the post-traduccional modifications of proBDNF induced by Radical Oxygen Species, by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Differentiation and survival were assessed on differentiated mouse hippocampal neurons derived from postnatal neural stem cells from WT animals or from the transgenic AD animal model APP/PS1∆E9, based on mutations of familiar AD. In AD patients we observe a significative increase of proBDNF and Sortilin expression and a significative increase of the ratio proBDNF/BDNF in their cerebrospinal fluid compared to controls. In addition, the proBDNF of AD patients is modified by ROS-derived advanced glycation end products, which prevent the processing of the proBDNF to the mature BDNF, leading to an increase of pathogenicity and a decrease of trophic effects. The cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients, but not from controls, induces apoptosis in differentiated hippocampal neurons mainly by the action of AGE-modified proBDNF present in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. This effect is triggered by the activation and processing of p75 that stimulate the internalization of the intracellular domain (ICD) within the nucleus causing apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis and p75 ICD internalization by AD patients-derived proBDNF is further enhanced in neuron cultures from the AD model expressing the APP/PS1∆E9 transgene. Our results indicate the importance of proBDNF neurotoxic signaling in AD pathology essentially by three mechanisms: i) by an increase of proBDNF stability due to ROS-induced post-traductional modifications; ii) by the increase of expression of the p75 co-receptor, Sortilin and iii) by the increase of the basal levels of p75 processing found in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fleitas
- Molecular Developmental Neurobiology Group, IRBLleida-UDL Rovira Roure 82, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, IRBLleida-Hospital Universitari Santa Maria Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pau Marfull
- Molecular Developmental Neurobiology Group, IRBLleida-UDL Rovira Roure 82, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Daniel Rocandio
- Molecular Developmental Neurobiology Group, IRBLleida-UDL Rovira Roure 82, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Molecular Developmental Neurobiology Group, IRBLleida-UDL Rovira Roure 82, 25198, Lleida, Spain.,Serra Húnter fellow, Associate Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Espinet
- Serra Húnter fellow, Associate Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Lumsden AL, Rogers JT, Majd S, Newman M, Sutherland GT, Verdile G, Lardelli M. Dysregulation of Neuronal Iron Homeostasis as an Alternative Unifying Effect of Mutations Causing Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:533. [PMID: 30150923 PMCID: PMC6099262 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of dominant mutations causing early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (EOfAD) occur in only three genes, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP. An effect-in-common of these mutations is alteration of production of the APP-derived peptide, amyloid β (Aβ). It is this key fact that underlies the authority of the Amyloid Hypothesis that has informed Alzheimer’s disease research for over two decades. Any challenge to this authority must offer an alternative explanation for the relationship between the PSEN genes and APP. In this paper, we explore one possible alternative relationship – the dysregulation of cellular iron homeostasis as a common effect of EOfAD mutations in these genes. This idea is attractive since it provides clear connections between EOfAD mutations and major characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease such as dysfunctional mitochondria, vascular risk factors/hypoxia, energy metabolism, and inflammation. We combine our ideas with observations by others to describe a “Stress Threshold Change of State” model of Alzheimer’s disease that may begin to explain the existence of both EOfAD and late onset sporadic (LOsAD) forms of the disease. Directing research to investigate the role of dysregulation of iron homeostasis in EOfAD may be a profitable way forward in our struggle to understand this form of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Lumsden
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Shohreh Majd
- Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Morgan Newman
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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24
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Mañucat-Tan NB, Saadipour K, Wang YJ, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF. Cellular Trafficking of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Amyloidogenesis Physiological and Pathological Significance. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:812-830. [PMID: 29797184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of excess intracellular or extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) is one of the key pathological events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is generated from the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta secretase-1 (BACE1) and gamma secretase (γ-secretase) within the cells. The endocytic trafficking of APP facilitates amyloidogenesis while at the cell surface, APP is predominantly processed in a non-amyloidogenic manner. Several adaptor proteins bind to both APP and BACE1, regulating their trafficking and recycling along the secretory and endocytic pathways. The phosphorylation of APP at Thr668 and BACE1 at Ser498, also influence their trafficking. Neurotrophins and proneurotrophins also influence APP trafficking through their receptors. In this review, we describe the molecular trafficking pathways of APP and BACE1 that lead to Aβ generation, the involvement of different signaling molecules or adaptor proteins regulating APP and BACE1 subcellular localization. We have also discussed how neurotrophins could modulate amyloidogenesis through their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noralyn Basco Mañucat-Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Khalil Saadipour
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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