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Jeong JK, Kim TH, Choi H, Cho ES. Impaired breakdown of Herwig's epithelial root sheath disturbs tooth root development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:423-434. [PMID: 37850829 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a variety of roles in both the dental epithelium and mesenchyme at most stages of tooth development. In this study, we verified the roles of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) breakdown in tooth root development. This breakdown results in formation of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM). RESULTS Following induction of β-catenin stabilization in the epithelium of developing tooth at the moment of HERS breakdown, HERS failed to break down for ERM formation. HERS with stabilized β-catenin was altered into a multicellular layer enveloping elongated root dentin with higher expression of junctional proteins such as Zo-1 and E-cadherin. Importantly, this impairment of HERS breakdown led to arrest of further root elongation. In addition, the portion of root dentin enveloped by the undissociated HERS remained in a hypomineralized state. The odontoblasts showed ectopically higher expression of pyrophosphate regulators including Ank and Npp1, whereas Tnap expression was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is decreased in HERS for ERM formation during root development. Furthermore, ERM formation is important for further elongation and dentin mineralization of the tooth roots. These findings may provide new insight to understand the contribution of ERM to root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tak-Heun Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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Rao P, Jing J, Fan Y, Zhou C. Spatiotemporal cellular dynamics and molecular regulation of tooth root ontogeny. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:50. [PMID: 38001110 PMCID: PMC10673972 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth root development involves intricate spatiotemporal cellular dynamics and molecular regulation. The initiation of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) induces odontoblast differentiation and the subsequent radicular dentin deposition. Precisely controlled signaling pathways modulate the behaviors of HERS and the fates of dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). Disruptions in these pathways lead to defects in root development, such as shortened roots and furcation abnormalities. Advances in dental stem cells, biomaterials, and bioprinting show immense promise for bioengineered tooth root regeneration. However, replicating the developmental intricacies of odontogenesis has not been resolved in clinical treatment and remains a major challenge in this field. Ongoing research focusing on the mechanisms of root development, advanced biomaterials, and manufacturing techniques will enable next-generation biological root regeneration that restores the physiological structure and function of the tooth root. This review summarizes recent discoveries in the underlying mechanisms governing root ontogeny and discusses some recent key findings in developing of new biologically based dental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Shi P, Xie X, Xu C, Wu Y, Wang J. Activation of Wnt signaling in Axin2 + cells leads to osteodentin formation and cementum overgrowth. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3551-3558. [PMID: 36520568 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we used the mouse incisor model to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on Axin2+ cells in tooth development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Axin2lacZ/+ reporter mice were used to define the expression pattern of Axin2 in mouse incisors. We traced the fate of Axin2+ cells from postnatal Day 21 (P21) to P56 using Axin2CreERT2/+ and R26RtdTomato/+ reporter mice. For constitutive activation of Wnt signaling, Axin2CreERT2/+ , β-cateninflox(Ex3)/+ , and R26RtdTomato/+ (CA-β-cat) mice were generated to investigate the gain of function (GOF) of β-catenin in mouse incisor growth. RESULTS The X-gal staining of Axin2lacZ/+ reporter mice and lineage tracing showed that Axin2 was widely expressed in dental mesenchyme of mouse incisors, and Axin2+ cells were essential cell sources for odontoblasts, pulp cells, and periodontal ligament cells. The constitutive activation of Wnt signaling in Axin2+ cells resulted in the formation of osteodentin featured with increased DMP1 and dispersed DSP expression and overgrowth of cementum. CONCLUSION Wnt signaling plays a key role in the differentiation and maturation of Axin2+ cells in mouse incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou T, Chen G, Xu Y, Zhang S, Tang H, Qiu T, Guo W. CDC42-mediated Wnt signaling facilitates odontogenic differentiation of DPCs during tooth root elongation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:255. [PMID: 37726858 PMCID: PMC10510226 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC42 is a member of Rho GTPase family, acting as a molecular switch to regulate cytoskeleton organization and junction maturation of epithelium in organ development. Tooth root pattern is a highly complicated and dynamic process that dependens on interaction of epithelium and mesenchyme. However, there is a lack of understanding of the role of CDC42 during tooth root elongation. METHODS The dynamic expression of CDC42 was traced during tooth development through immunofluorescence staining. Then we constructed a model of lentivirus or inhibitor mediated Cdc42 knockdown in Herwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells and dental papilla cells (DPCs), respectively. Long-term influence of CDC42 abnormality was assessed via renal capsule transplantation and in situ injection of alveolar socket. RESULTS CDC42 displayed a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern, with abundant expression in HERS cells and apical DPCs in developing root. Lentivirus-mediated Cdc42 knockdown in HERS cells didn't disrupt cell junctions as well as epithelium-mesenchyme transition. However, inhibition of CDC42 in DPCs undermined cell proliferation, migration and odontogenic differentiation. Wnt/β-catenin signaling as the downstream target of CDC42 modulated DPCs' odontogenic differentiation. The transplantation and in situ injection experiments verified that loss of CDC42 impeded root extension via inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of DPCs. CONCLUSIONS We innovatively revealed that CDC42 was responsible for guiding root elongation in a mesenchyme-specific manner. Furthermore, CDC42-mediated canonical Wnt signaling regulated odontogenic differentiation of DPCs during root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Kantaputra P, Tripuwabhrut K, Jatooratthawichot P, Adisornkanj P, Hatsadaloi A, Porntrakoolsaree N, Kaewgaya M, Olsen B, Tongsima S, Ngamphiw C, Ketudat Cairns JR. Mutations in the WLS are associated with dental anomalies, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis. Eur J Orthod 2022; 45:317-323. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Background
Canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling are important for odontogenesis. WNT ligand secretion mediator (WLS; MIM611514) is required to transport lipid-modified WNT proteins from the Golgi to the cell membrane, where canonical and non-canonical WNT proteins are released into the extracellular milieu. Biallelic pathogenic variants in WLS are implicated in autosomal recessive Zaki syndrome (ZKS; MIM 619648), the only genetic condition known to be caused by pathogenic variants in WLS.
Objective
To investigate molecular etiology of dental anomalies in 250 patients with or without oral exostoses.
Patients and methods
Clinical and radiographic examination, and whole exome sequencing, were performed in the case of 250 patients with dental anomalies with or without oral exostoses.
Results
Four extremely rare heterozygous missense variants (p.Ile20Thr, p.Met46Leu, p.Ser453Ile and p.Leu516Phe) in WLS were identified in 11 patients with dental anomalies. In five of these patients, a torus palatinus or a torus mandibularis was observed.
Conclusion
We report for the first time the heterozygous WLS variants in patients with dental anomalies. Root maldevelopments in patients with WLS variants supports the role of canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling in root development. We also show that variants in WLS were implicated in torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. In addition, this is the first time that heterozygous carriers of WLS variants were found to manifest phenotypes. WLS variants were likely to have adverse effects on the concentration of WNT ligands delivered to the cell membrane, resulting in aberrant canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling, and subsequent phenotypes.
Limitations of the study
Patient’s positioning during the acquisition of panoramic radiography might have affected the appearance of the tooth structures. If we had all family members of each patient to study co-segregation between genotype and phenotype, it would have strengthened the association of WLS variants and the phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Kanich Tripuwabhrut
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Peeranat Jatooratthawichot
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand
| | - Ploy Adisornkanj
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
- Dental Department, Sawang Daen Din Crown Prince Hospital , Sakon Nakhon , Thailand
| | | | | | - Massupa Kaewgaya
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park , Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park , Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute , Bangkok , Thailand
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Liu S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Peng S, Cao Z, Xia H. Bmal1 promotes cementoblast differentiation and cementum mineralization via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151868. [PMID: 35183881 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the cementum plays a crucial role in periodontal regenerative therapy, while the precise mechanism of cementogenesis has yet been adequately understood. Recent studies have indicated the connection between osteogenic differentiation and Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1 (Bmal1). Besides, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is proven to be an essential regulator in cementogenesis. In this study, we found a robust expression of Bmal1 in cementoblasts in the mandibular first molar of mice by immunohistochemical staining. To further explore the role of Bmal1 in cementogenesis, we examined the expression pattern of Bmal1 in OCCM-30, an immortalized murine cementoblast cell line by qRT-PCR and western blot. Our data demonstrated the upregulation of Bmal1 at both mRNA and protein levels during differentiation. Additionally, stable knockdown of Bmal1 in OCCM-30 cells resulted in downregulation of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), and osteocalcin (Ocn), and reduced formation of mineralized nodules. Moreover, qRT-PCR and western blot results exhibited that the expression of β-catenin was attenuated by Bmal1 deficiency. We also found that the mRNA levels of Tcf1 and Lef1, the target transcription factors of β-catenin, were reduced by Bmal1 deficiency. In conclusion, this study preliminarily confirms that Bmal1 promotes cementoblast differentiation and cementum mineralization via Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which contributes to a potential strategy in periodontal regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Ntep Ntep DB, Bengondo Messanga C, Ndjoh JJ, Tamoh Fokam S, Fokunang C. Suppression of osteoclastogenesis signalling pathways and attenuation of ameloblastic osteolysis induced by local administration of CaP-bisphosphonate and CaP-doxycycline cements: Review of the literature and therapeutic hypothesis. Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2022; 5:100241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wang J, Ran S, Liu B, Gu S. Monitoring of canonical BMP and Wnt activities during postnatal stages of mouse first molar root formation. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210281. [PMID: 34910074 PMCID: PMC8687650 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the precise temporospatial distributions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathways during postnatal development of mammalian tooth roots after the termination of crown morphogenesis. Methodology A total of two transgenic mouse lines, BRE-LacZ mice and BAT-gal mice, were undertaken. The mice were sacrificed on every postnatal (PN) day from PN 3d up to PN 21d. Then, the first lower molars were extracted, and the dissected mandibles were stained with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (X-gal) and fixed. Serial sections at 10 µm were prepared after decalcification, dehydration, and embedding in paraffin. Results We observed BMP/Smads and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in the dental sac, dental pulp, and apical papilla with a certain degree of variation. The position of activation of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway was located more coronally in the early stage, which then gradually expanded as root elongation proceeded and was associated with blood vessels in the pulp and developing complex apical tissues in the later stage. However, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was highly concentrated in the mesenchyme below the cusps in the early stage, gradually expanded to regions around the root in the transition/root stage, and then disappeared entirely in the later stage. Conclusions These results further confirmed the participation of both BMP and Wnt canonical signaling pathways in tooth root development, as well as formed the basis for future studies on how precisely integrated signaling pathways regulate root morphogenesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai, China.,Tulane University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shujun Ran
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai, China
| | - Shensheng Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai, China
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9
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González-Quintanilla D, Abásolo N, Astudillo P. Wnt Signaling in Periodontal Disease. Front Dent Med 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.763308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial and chronic condition associated with the formation of a dysbiotic biofilm, leading to a pro-inflammatory environment that can modulate cell signaling. The Wnt pathway plays fundamental roles during homeostasis and disease, and emerging evidence suggests its involvement in the maintenance of the periodontium and the development of periodontitis. Here, we summarize the role of the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in periodontitis. The accumulated data suggests specific roles for each branch of the Wnt pathway. Wnt5a emerges as a critical player promoting periodontal ligament remodeling and impairing regenerative responses modulated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as alveolar bone formation. Collectively, the evidence suggests that achieving a proper balance between the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical pathways, rather than their independent modulation, might contribute to controlling the progression and severity of the periodontal disease.
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10
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Abstract
Appropriate tooth root formation and tooth eruption are critical for achieving and maintaining good oral health and quality of life. Tooth eruption is the process through which teeth emerge from their intraosseous position to their functional position in the oral cavity. This temporospatial process occurs simultaneously with tooth root formation through a cascade of interactions between the epithelial and adjoining mesenchymal cells. Here, we will review the role of the Wnt system in postnatal tooth root development. This signaling pathway orchestrates the process of tooth root formation and tooth eruption in conjunction with several other major signaling pathways. The Wnt signaling pathway is comprised of the canonical, or Wnt/β-catenin, and the non-Canonical signaling pathway. The expression of multiple Wnt ligands and their downstream transcription factors including β-catenin is found in the cells in the epithelia and mesenchyme starting from the initiation stage of tooth development. The inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling in an early stage arrests odontogenesis. Wnt transcription factors continue to be present in dental follicle cells, the progenitor cells responsible for differentiation into cells constituting the tooth root and the periodontal tissue apparatus. This expression occurs concurrently with osteogenesis and cementogenesis. The conditional ablation of β-catenin in osteoblast and odontoblast causes the malformation of the root dentin and cementum. On the contrary, the overexpression of β-catenin led to shorter molar roots with thin and hypo-mineralized dentin, along with the failure of tooth eruption. Therefore, the proper expression of Wnt signaling during dental development is crucial for regulating the proliferation, differentiation, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal interaction essential for tooth root formation and tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeryl D. English
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Zhang R, Lin J, Liu Y, Yang S, He Q, Zhu L, Yang X, Yang G. Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Regulates Tooth Root Dentinogenesis by Cooperation With Wnt Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687099. [PMID: 34277628 PMCID: PMC8277599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper differentiation of odontoblasts is crucial for the development of tooth roots. Previous studies have reported the osteogenic/odontogenic potential of pre-odontoblasts during root odontoblast differentiation. However, the underlying molecular pathway that orchestrates these processes remains largely unclear. In this study, ablation of transforming growth factor-β receptor type 2 (Tgfbr2) in root pre-odontoblasts resulted in abnormal formation of root osteodentin, which was associated with ectopic osteogenic differentiation of root odontoblasts. Disrupting TGF-β signaling caused upregulation of Wnt signaling characterized by increased Wnt6, Wnt10a, Tcf-1, and Axin2 expression. Interestingly, inhibiting Wnt signaling by deleting Wntless (wls) in Osteocalcin (Ocn)-Cre; Tgfbr2 fl/fl ; Wls fl/fl mice or overexpressing the Wnt antagonist Dkk1 in Ocn-Cre; Tgfbr2 fl/fl ; ROSA26 Dkk1 mice decreased ectopic osteogenic differentiation and arrested odontoblast differentiation. Our results suggest that TGF-β signaling acts with Wnt signaling to regulate root odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Qi He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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12
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Deng S, Fan L, Wang Y, Zhang Q. Constitutive activation of β-catenin in odontoblasts induces aberrant pulp calcification in mouse incisors. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:567-576. [PMID: 33689044 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During dentin formation, odontoblast polarization ensures that odontoblasts directionally secrete dentin matrix protein, leading to tubular dentin formation; however, little is known about the major features and regulatory mechanisms of odontoblast polarization. In a study of epithelial cell polarization, β-catenin was shown to serve as a structural component of cadherin-based adherens junctions to initiate cell polarity. However, the role of β-catenin in odontoblast polarization has not been well investigated. In this study, we explored whether β-catenin participated in odontoblast polarization to regulate the secretion of mineralization proteins. We established Col1-CreErt2; β-catenin exon3fl/fl (CA-β-catenin) mice, which constitutively activate β-catenin in odontoblasts. CA-β-catenin mice exhibited disorganization and depolarization of incisor odontoblasts. Moreover, the incisor dentin was hypomineralized, and ectopic calcification was found in mouse incisor pulp. In addition, by constitutive activation of β-catenin, the expression levels of the core polarity molecule Cdc42 and its downstream polarity protein complex Par3-Par6-aPKC were decreased in the incisors of CA-β-catenin mice. These findings suggest that β-catenin plays an essential role in dentin formation by regulating odontoblast polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Deng
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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13
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Yang S, Choi H, Kim TH, Jeong JK, Liu Y, Harada H, Cho ES. Cell dynamics in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath are regulated by β-catenin activity during tooth root development. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5387-5398. [PMID: 33377198 PMCID: PMC8048837 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin, a key mediator of Wnt signaling, plays multiple roles in tooth development. However, the role of β‐catenin in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) during root formation remains unclear. In this study, we generated inducible tissue‐specific β‐catenin conditional knockout mice (Ctnnb1i∆shh) to investigate how β‐catenin in HERS affects tooth root development. The inactivation of β‐catenin in HERS led to interrupted root elongation due to premature disruption of HERS. This phenotype was accompanied by reduced cell‐cell adhesion and decreased expression of junctional proteins, as well as increased epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of HERS cells upon β‐catenin depletion. Accordingly, stabilization of β‐catenin in HERS (Catnbi∆shh) led to the formation of unfragmented HERS and resulted in the failure of HERS dissociation, with increased expression of junctional proteins. Our results suggest that fine control of β‐catenin is important for HERS to guide root formation through regulating its structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Yang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak-Heun Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Xu C, Zhou Y, Feng JQ. The identification of critical time windows of postnatal root elongation in response to Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oral Dis 2020; 28:442-451. [PMID: 33314501 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we attempted to define the precise window of time for molar root elongation using a gain-of-function mutation of β-catenin model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both the control and constitutively activated β-catenin (CA-β-cat) mice received a one-time tamoxifen administration (for activation of β-catenin at newborn, postnatal day 3, or 5, or 7, or 9) and were harvested at the same stage of P21. Multiple approaches were used to define the window of time of postnatal tooth root formation. RESULTS In the early activation groups (tamoxifen induction at newborn, or P3 or P5), there was a lack of molar root elongation in the CA-β-cat mice. When induced at P7, the root length was slightly reduced at P21. However, the root length was essentially the same as that in the control when β-cat activated at P9. This study indicates that root elongation occurs in a narrow time of window, which is highly sensitive to a change of β-catenin levels. Molecular studies showed a drastic decrease in the levels of nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) and osterix (OSX), plus sharp reductions of odontoblast differentiation markers, including Nestin, dentin sialoprotein (DSP), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) at both mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Murine molar root elongation is precisely regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling within a narrow window of time (newborn to day 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Wen Q, Jing J, Han X, Feng J, Yuan Y, Ma Y, Chen S, Ho TV, Chai Y. Runx2 Regulates Mouse Tooth Root Development Via Activation of WNT Inhibitor NOTUM. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2252-2264. [PMID: 32569388 PMCID: PMC7689689 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor cells are crucial in controlling organ morphogenesis. Tooth development is a well-established model for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate organogenesis. Despite advances in our understanding of how tooth crown formation is regulated, we have limited understanding of tooth root development. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a well-known transcription factor in osteogenic differentiation and early tooth development. However, the function of RUNX2 during tooth root formation remains unknown. We revealed in this study that RUNX2 is expressed in a subpopulation of GLI1+ root progenitor cells, and that loss of Runx2 in these GLI1+ progenitor cells and their progeny results in root developmental defects. Our results provide in vivo evidence that Runx2 plays a crucial role in tooth root development and in regulating the differentiation of root progenitor cells. Furthermore, we identified that Gli1, Pcp4, NOTUM, and Sfrp2 are downstream targets of Runx2 by integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. Specifically, ablation of Runx2 results in downregulation of WNT inhibitor NOTUM and upregulation of canonical WNT signaling in the odontoblastic site, which disturbs normal odontoblastic differentiation. Significantly, exogenous NOTUM partially rescues the impaired root development in Runx2 mutant molars. Collectively, our studies elucidate how Runx2 achieves functional specificity in regulating the development of diverse organs and yields new insights into the network that regulates tooth root development. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Peking University Hospital of Stomatology First Clinical Division, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Han
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Abstract
Odontoblast differentiation is a complex and multistep process regulated by signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Both positive and negative effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on dentinogenesis have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms of these conflicting results are still unclear. To gain a better insight into the role of Wnt/β-catenin in dentinogenesis, we used dental pulp cells from a panel of transgenic mice, in which fluorescent protein expression identifies cells at different stages of odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that exposure of pulp cells to WNT3a at various times and durations did not induce premature differentiation of odontoblasts. These treatments supported the survival of undifferentiated cells in dental pulp and promoted the formation of 2.3GFP+ preodontoblasts and their rapid transition into differentiated odontoblasts expressing DMP1-Cherry and DSPP-Cerulean transgenes. WNT3a also promoted osteogenesis in dental pulp cultures. These findings provide critical information for the development of improved treatments for vital pulp therapy and dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - S H Root
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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17
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Wei T, Xie Y, Wen X, Zhao N, Shen G. Establishment of in vitro three-dimensional cementocyte differentiation scaffolds to study orthodontic root resorption. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3174-3184. [PMID: 32855686 PMCID: PMC7444329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic-induced root resorption is a severe side effect that can lead to tooth root shortening and loss. Compressive force induces tissue stress in the cementum that covers the tooth root, which is associated with activation of bone metabolism and cementum resorption. To investigate the role of cementocytes in mechanotransduction and osteoclast differentiation, the present study established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model replicating cellular cementum and observed the effects of static compression on the cellular behavior of the cementocytes. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase staining and dentin matrix protein 1 quantification were used to evaluate the cementocyte differentiation in the 3D scaffolds. Cellular viability under static compression was evaluated using live/dead staining, and expression of mineral metabolism-related genes were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results suggested that the cementocytes maintained their phenotype and increased the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin (SOST) in the 3D model compared with cells cultured in two dimensions. Compression force increased cell death and induced osteoclastic differentiation via the upregulation of SOST and RANKL/OPG ratio, and the downregulation of osteocalcin. The effect of compression showed a force magnitude-dependent pattern. The present study established an in vitro model of cellular cementum to study the biology of cementocytes. The results indicated that cementocytes are sensitive to mechanical loading and may serve potential roles in the metabolic regulation of minerals during orthodontic root resorption. These findings provide a novel tool to study biological processes in the field of orthodontics and expand knowledge of the biological function of cementocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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18
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Yu M, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Xi Y, Yang G. Molecular mechanisms for short root anomaly. Oral Dis 2020; 27:142-150. [PMID: 31883171 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Short root anomaly (SRA) is a dental disorder that presents an abnormal root morphology with short and blunt dental roots. In this situation, many dental treatments face a difficult challenge, especially orthodontic and prosthodontic treatments. Therefore, an understanding of how SRA develops is urgently needed. Here we describe that the abnormal expression of nuclear factor I C-type (Nfic), osterix (Osx), hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Smad, Wnt, β-catenin, and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) leads to SRA. These factors interact with each other and constitute complicated signaling network in tooth formation. Specifically, BMP signaling inhibits the activity of Wnt/β-catenin directly or by inducing Osx via Runx2-dependent and Runx2-independent pathways. And Osx is a main inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In return, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has an antagonistic action of BMP pathway and a stimulation of Runx2. We highlight the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pathological mechanisms. Either suppression or overactivation of this signaling influences the normal odontogenesis. Finally, we list rescue experiments on animal models, which have been reported to restore the interrupted cell differentiation and impaired tooth formation. We hope to find potential treatments for SRA based on these evidences in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xi
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Korah L, Amri N, Bugueno IM, Hotton D, Tenenbaum H, Huck O, Berdal A, Davideau JL. Experimental periodontitis in Msx2 mutant mice induces alveolar bone necrosis. J Periodontol 2019; 91:693-704. [PMID: 31566253 DOI: 10.1002/jper.16-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Msx2 homeoprotein is a key transcription factor of dental and periodontal tissue formation and is involved in many molecular pathways controlling mineralized tissue homeostasis such as Wnt/sclerostin pathway. This study evaluated the effect of Msx2-null mutation during experimental periodontitis in mice. METHODS Experimental periodontitis was induced for 30 days in wild-type and Msx2 knock-in Swiss mice using Porphyromonas gingivalis infected ligatures. In knock-in mice, Msx2 gene was replaced by n-LacZ gene encoding β-galactosidase. Periodontal tissue response was assessed by histomorphometry, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase histoenzymology, β-galactosidase, sclerostin immunochemistry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling assay. Expression of Msx2 gene expression was also evaluated in human gingival biopsies using RT-qPCR. RESULTS During experimental periodontitis, osteonecrosis area and osteoclast number were significantly elevated in knock-in mice compared with wild-type mice. Epithelial downgrowth and bone loss was similar. Sclerostin expression in osteocytes appeared to be reduced during periodontitis in knock-in mice. Msx2 expression was detected in healthy and inflamed human gingival tissues. CONCLUSION These data indicated that Msx2 pathway influenced periodontal tissue response to experimental periodontitis and appeared to be a protective factor against alveolar bone osteonecrosis. As shown in other inflammatory processes such as atherothrombosis, genes initially characterized in early development could also play an important role in human periodontal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Korah
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nawel Amri
- INSERM UMR 1138, Laboratory of Oral Molecular Physiopathology, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Hotton
- INSERM UMR 1138, Laboratory of Oral Molecular Physiopathology, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Henri Tenenbaum
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France.,Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France.,Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM UMR 1138, Laboratory of Oral Molecular Physiopathology, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davideau
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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20
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Abstract
Wnt signalling pathway is widely studied in many processes of biological development, like embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis and wound repair. It is universally known that Wnt signalling pathway plays an important role in tooth development. Here, we summarized the function of Wnt signalling pathway during tooth initiation, crown morphogenesis, root formation, and discussed the therapeutic potential of Wnt modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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21
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Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of mechanical strain on OCCM-30 cementoblast differentiation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity. Materials and Methods: Mechanical tension in the form of 2500-µ strain was applied to the cells using the Forcel four-point bending system, with or without the Wnt signaling activator, lithium chloride. Changes in cell differentiation and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway components in response to strain and lithium chloride were assessed by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Results: The mRNA expression levels of the cementoblastogenesis-related genes alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, and collagen 1, were decreased with mechanical strain. Similarly, the Wnt signaling pathway component genes LRP5, AXIN2, and LEF1 were decreased. The immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that scant β-catenin underwent nuclear translocation after the cells were subjected to mechanical strain. Moreover, western blotting showed that the protein levels of both β-catenin and phosphorylated β-catenin were increased after mechanical strain. In the presence of lithium chloride, the differentiation that was suppressed by mechanical strain was attenuated. Conclusions: 2500-µ strain mechanical strain inhibited cementoblast differentiation activity in vitro, which could be alleviated by actviating Wnt/β-catenin signaling using lithium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Ge
- a Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital , Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Huang Li
- a Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital , Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuyu Li
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yang Xu
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xin Wang
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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22
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Chen D, Yu F, Wu F, Bai M, Lou F, Liao X, Wang C, Ye L. The role of Wnt7B in the mediation of dentinogenesis via the ERK1/2 pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:123-132. [PMID: 31181411 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the role of Wnt7b in mouse dentin formation. DESIGN C57BL/6 mouse tooth germs at different developmental stages were collected to measure the expression of Wnt7b by immunohistochemical staining. The morphology of mandibles of Dmp1-cre;ROSA26-Wnt7b transgenic mice and ROSA26-Wnt7b littermates was analyzed by Micro-CT and HE staining. The ultramicrostructure of dentin was scanned with an electron microscope. Primary mouse dental papillae cells (MDPCs) and odontoblastic cell line (A11) were cultured and infected with adenovirus to overexpress Wnt7b. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Osteogenic differentiation of MDPCs and A11 was assessed by Alizarin red staining, and qPCR detection of osteogenic gene expression. The activation of signaling pathways was measured by the use of western blot analysis. The ERK1/2 inhibitor was used to test the effect of Wnt7b regulated cell differentiation. RESULTS Wnt7b was expressed principally in the mouse odontoblast layer after the early bell stage. In transgenic mice, Wnt7b was over-expressed in tooth mesenchyme, with a thinner predentin layer and thicker intertubular dentin. Both the micro-hardness value and the Ca/Pi ratio of dentin of transgenic mice were higher. Wnt7b promoted proliferation and mineralization of MDPCs and A11. The protein level of p-ERK1/2 was found to be higher in A11 infected with Ad-Wnt7b. The ERK signaling pathway inhibitor partly rescued the Wnt7b-induced differentiation of A11. CONCLUSIONS Wnt7b enhances dentinogenesis by increasing the proliferation and differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells partly through ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Feng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xueyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Wu Y, Yuan X, Perez KC, Hyman S, Wang L, Pellegrini G, Salmon B, Bellido T, Helms JA. Aberrantly elevated Wnt signaling is responsible for cementum overgrowth and dental ankylosis. Bone 2019; 122:176-183. [PMID: 30408613 PMCID: PMC6559382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate teeth are attached to the jawbones using a variety of methods but in mammals, a fibrous connection is the norm. This fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL) allows teeth to move in the jawbones in response to natural eruptive forces, mastication, and orthodontic tooth movement. In some disease states the PDL either calcifies or is replaced by a mineralized tissue and the result is ankylosis, where the tooth is fused to the alveolar bone. To understand how the PDL maintains this fibrous state, we examined a strain of mice in which tooth movement is arrested. DaβcatOt mice express a stabilized form of β-catenin in DMP1-positive alveolar bone osteocytes and cementocytes, which results in elevated Wnt signaling throughout the periodontium. As a consequence, there is an accrual of massive amounts of cellular cementum and alveolar bone, the PDL itself calcifies and teeth become ankylosed. These data suggest that to maintain its fibrous nature, Wnt signaling must normally be repressed in the PDL space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory, Chongqing 401147, China; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy C Perez
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sydnee Hyman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liao Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gretel Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46022, USA
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 2496 - Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Lab and Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46022, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Adhikari N, Neupane S, Aryal YP, Choi M, Sohn WJ, Lee Y, Jung JK, Ha JH, Choi SY, Suh JY, Kim JY, Rho MC, Lee TH, Yamamoto H, An CH, Kim SH, An SY, Kim JY. Effects of oleanolic acid acetate on bone formation in an experimental periodontitis model in mice. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:533-545. [PMID: 30982986 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the role of oleanolic acid acetate (OAA), a triterpenoid commonly used in the treatment of liver disorders, inflammatory diseases, and metastasis, in bone formation after tooth loss by periodontitis. BACKGROUND Periodontitis causes the sequential degradation of the alveolar bone and associated structures, resulting in tooth loss. Several studies have attempted to regenerate the bone for implantation following tooth loss. METHODS Maxillary left second molar was extracted from 8-week-old male mice following induction of periodontitis by ligature for 5 days. The extraction socket was treated with 50 ng/µL OAA for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Detailed morphological changes were examined using Masson's trichrome staining, and the precise localization patterns of various signaling molecules, including CD31, F4/80, interleukin (IL)-6, and osteocalcin, were observed. The volume of bone formation was examined by Micro-CT. Osteoclasts were enumerated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. For molecular dissection of signaling molecules, we employed the hanging-drop in vitro cultivation method at E14 for 1 day and examined the expression pattern of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily and Wnt signaling genes. RESULTS Histomorphometrical examinations showed facilitated bone formation in the extraction socket following OAA treatment. In addition, OAA-treated specimens showed the altered localization patterns of inflammatory and bone formation-related signaling molecules including CD31, F4/80, IL-6, and osteocalcin. Also, embryonic tooth germ mesenchymal tissue cultivation with OAA treatment showed the significant altered expression patterns of signaling molecules such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily and Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Oleanolic acid acetate induces bone formation and remodeling through proper modulation of osteoblast, osteoclast, and inflammation with regulations of TGF-β and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirpesh Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jo-Young Suh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seo-Young An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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25
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Huang X, Wang F, Zhao C, Yang S, Cheng Q, Tang Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Luo W, Wang C, Zhou P, Kim S, Zuo G, Hu N, Li R, He TC, Zhang H. Dentinogenesis and Tooth-Alveolar Bone Complex Defects in BMP9/GDF2 Knockout Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:683-694. [PMID: 30816068 PMCID: PMC6534167 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth development is regulated by sequential and reciprocal epithelium-mesenchymal interactions and their related molecular signaling pathways, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Among the 14 types of BMPs, BMP9 (also known as growth differentiation factor 2) is one of the most potent BMPs to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The purpose of this study was to examine potential roles of BMP9 signaling in tooth development. First, we detected the expression pattern of BMP9 in tooth germ during postnatal tooth development, and we found that BMP9 was widely expressed in odontoblasts, ameloblasts, dental pulp cells, and osteoblasts in alveolar bones. Then, we established a BMP9-KO mouse model. Gross morphological examination revealed that the tooth cusps of BMP9-KO mice were significantly abraded with shorter roots. Micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction analysis indicated that the first molars of the BMP9-KO mice exhibited a reduced thickness dentin, enlarged pulp canals, and shortened roots, resembling the phenotypes of the common hereditary dental disease dentinogenesis imperfecta. Further, the alveolar bone of the BMP9-KO mutants was found to be shorter and had a decreased mineral density and trabecular thickness and bone volume fraction compared with that of the wild-type control. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that both dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1 were induced in dental stem cells by BMP9, whereas their expression was reduced when BMP9 was silenced. Further studies are required to determine whether loss of or decreased BMP9 expression is clinically associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that BMP9 may play an important role in regulating dentinogenesis and tooth development. Further research is recommended into the therapeutic uses of BMP9 to regenerate traumatized and diseased tissues and for the bioengineering of replacement teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,5 Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyu Cheng
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Stephanie Kim
- 6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guowei Zuo
- 7 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Hu
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- 8 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Chen C, Zhang J, Ling J, Du Y, Hou Y. Nkd2 promotes the differentiation of dental follicle stem/progenitor cells into osteoblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2403-2414. [PMID: 30106129 PMCID: PMC6192769 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle stem/progenitor cells have the potential to undergo osteogenesis. naked cuticle homolog 2 (Nkd2) is a signal-inducible feedback antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the function of Nkd2 in the differentiation of dental follicle stem/progenitor cells (DFSCs) into osteoblasts. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were employed to detect Nkd2 expression in rat DFSCs. In addition, rat DFSCs (rDFSCs) were transfected with small interfering RNAs to examine the effect of Nkd2 on the differentiation of these cells into osteoblasts. Furthermore, the function of Nkd2 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rDFSCs was investigated using β-catenin/T-cell factor luciferase activity assays and western blotting. It was revealed that the expression of Nkd2 was upregulated during the differentiation of rDFSCs into osteoblasts. Furthermore, osteoblast differentiation ability and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity were significantly decreased in Nkd2-silenced rDFSCs compared with the si-NC group (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The results suggest that Nkd2 promotes the differentiation of rDFSCs into osteoblasts through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hu'nan 410083, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Research Institute of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Research Institute of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yuluan Hou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Research Institute of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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27
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Wang C, Liao H, Sun H, Zhang Y, Cao Z. MicroRNA-3064-3p regulates the differentiation of cementoblasts through targeting DKK1. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:705-713. [PMID: 29704238 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - H. Liao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - H. Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Periodontology; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Y. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral Implantology; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Z. Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Periodontology; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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28
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Lv H, Yang J, Wang C, Yu F, Huang D, Ye L. The WNT7B protein promotes the migration and differentiation of human dental pulp cells partly through WNT/beta-catenin and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 87:54-61. [PMID: 29268145 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the WNT7B protein in the migration and differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). DESIGN The effect of recombinant human WNT7B (rhWNT7B) on the proliferation and migration of HDPCs was evaluated by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), immunofluorescence staining of Ki67, flow cytometry and scratch assay; the differentiation of HDPCs was measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, ALP activity, qPCR and western blot. The activation of the WNT/beta-catenin (WNT/β-catenin) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways was analysed by western blot, immunocytochemistry and dual luciferase assays. XAV939 and SP600125,the inhibitors of the WNT/β-catenin and JNK pathways, were further applied to verify the mechanism. RESULTS rhWNT7B repressed the proliferation but did not affect the apoptosis of HDPCs. In the presence of rhWNT7B, ALP and alizarin red staining were increased substantially in the HDPCs with osteogenic induction; the gene expression of Runx2 and Col1 in HDPCs was quite elevated compared with that induced in osteogenic medium without WNT7B measured by qPCR; The ALP activity was also increased with rhWNT7B stimulation in HDPCs after 7-day odontogenic culture; Western blot revealed that the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) of HDPCs was up-regulated significantly with the addition of WNT7B as well. Further study showed that rhWNT7B activated the WNT/β-catenin and JNK signalling pathways in the differentiation of HDPCs. XAV939 and SP600125 can partly offset the effect of the WNT7B-induced differentiation of HDPCs. CONCLUSION WNT7B promoted the differentiation of HDPCs partly through the WNT/β-catenin and JNK signalling pathways.
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29
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Ao M, Chavez MB, Chu EY, Hemstreet KC, Yin Y, Yadav MC, Millán JL, Fisher LW, Goldberg HA, Somerman MJ, Foster BL. Overlapping functions of bone sialoprotein and pyrophosphate regulators in directing cementogenesis. Bone 2017; 105:134-147. [PMID: 28866368 PMCID: PMC5730356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although acellular cementum is essential for tooth attachment, factors directing its development and regeneration remain poorly understood. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a mineralization inhibitor, is a key regulator of cementum formation: tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Alpl/TNAP) null mice (increased PPi) feature deficient cementum, while progressive ankylosis protein (Ank/ANK) null mice (decreased PPi) feature increased cementum. Bone sialoprotein (Bsp/BSP) and osteopontin (Spp1/OPN) are multifunctional extracellular matrix components of cementum proposed to have direct and indirect effects on cell activities and mineralization. Studies on dentoalveolar development of Bsp knockout (Bsp-/-) mice revealed severely reduced acellular cementum, however underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The similarity in defective cementum phenotypes between Bsp-/- mice and Alpl-/- mice (the latter featuring elevated PPi and OPN), prompted us to examine whether BSP is operating by modulating PPi-associated genes. Genetic ablation of Bsp caused a 2-fold increase in circulating PPi, altered mRNA expression of Alpl, Spp1, and Ank, and increased OPN protein in the periodontia. Generation of a Bsp knock-out (KO) cementoblast cell line revealed significantly decreased mineralization capacity, 50% increased PPi in culture media, and increased Spp1 and Ank mRNA expression. While addition of 2μg/ml recombinant BSP altered Spp1, Ank, and Enpp1 expression in cementoblasts, changes resulting from this dose were not dependent on the integrin-binding RGD motif or MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Decreasing PPi by genetic ablation of Ank on the Bsp-/- mouse background reestablished cementum formation, allowing >3-fold increased acellular cementum volume compared to wild-type (WT). However, deleting Ank did not fully compensate for the absence of BSP. Bsp-/-; Ank-/- double-deficient mice exhibited mean 20-27% reduced cementum thickness and volume compared to Ank-/- mice. From these data, we conclude that the perturbations in PPi metabolism are not solely driving the cementum pathology in Bsp-/- mice, and that PPi is more potent than BSP as a cementum regulator, as shown by the ability to override loss of BSP by lowering PPi. We propose that BSP and PPi work in concert to direct mineralization in cementum and likely other mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M B Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K C Hemstreet
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Yin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M C Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L W Fisher
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H A Goldberg
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Tooth is made of an enamel-covered crown and a cementum-covered root. Studies on crown dentin formation have been a major focus in tooth development for several decades. Interestingly, the population prevalence for genetic short root anomaly (SRA) with no apparent defects in crown is close to 1.3%. Furthermore, people with SRA itself are predisposed to root resorption during orthodontic treatment. The discovery of the unique role of Nfic (nuclear factor I C; a transcriptional factor) in controlling root but not crown dentin formation points to a new concept: tooth crown and root have different control mechanisms. Further genetic mechanism studies have identified more key molecules (including Osterix, β-catenin, and sonic hedgehog) that play a critical role in root formation. Extensive studies have also revealed the critical role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in tooth root formation. In addition, Wnt10a has recently been found to be linked to multirooted tooth furcation formation. These exciting findings not only fill the critical gaps in our understanding about tooth root formation but will aid future research regarding the identifying factors controlling tooth root size and the generation of a whole "bio-tooth" for therapeutic purposes. This review starts with human SRA and mainly focuses on recent progress on the roles of NFIC-dependent and NFIC-independent signaling pathways in tooth root formation. Finally, this review includes a list of the various Cre transgenic mouse lines used to achieve tooth root formation-related gene deletion or overexpression, as well as strengths and limitations of each line.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- 1 Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Q Feng
- 1 Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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31
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Abstract
The tooth root is an integral, functionally important part of our dentition. The formation of a functional root depends on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and integration of the root with the jaw bone, blood supply and nerve innervations. The root development process therefore offers an attractive model for investigating organogenesis. Understanding how roots develop and how they can be bioengineered is also of great interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tooth root formation. We review the function of cellular structure and components such as Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, cranial neural crest cells and stem cells residing in developing and adult teeth. We also highlight how complex signaling networks together with multiple transcription factors mediate tissue-tissue interactions that guide root development. Finally, we discuss the possible role of stem cells in establishing the crown-to-root transition, and provide an overview of root malformations and diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Carolina Parada
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Fons Romero JM, Star H, Lav R, Watkins S, Harrison M, Hovorakova M, Headon D, Tucker AS. The Impact of the Eda Pathway on Tooth Root Development. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1290-1297. [PMID: 28813629 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517725692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eda pathway ( Eda, Edar, Edaradd) plays an important role in tooth development, determining tooth number, crown shape, and enamel formation. Here we show that the Eda pathway also plays a key role in root development. Edar (the receptor) is expressed in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) during root development, with mutant mice showing a high incidence of taurodontism: large pulp chambers lacking or showing delayed bifurcation or trifurcation of the roots. The mouse upper second molars in the Eda pathway mutants show the highest incidence of taurodontism, this enhanced susceptibility being matched in human patients with mutations in EDA-A1. These taurodont teeth form due to defects in the direction of extension of the HERS from the crown, associated with a more extensive area of proliferation of the neighboring root mesenchyme. In those teeth where the angle at which the HERS extends from the crown is very wide and therefore more vertical, the mutant HERSs fail to reach toward the center of the tooth in the normal furcation region, and taurodont teeth are created. The phenotype is variable, however, with milder changes in angle and proliferation leading to normal or delayed furcation. This is the first analysis of the role of Eda in the root, showing a direct role for this pathway during postnatal mouse development, and it suggests that changes in proliferation and angle of HERS may underlie taurodontism in a range of syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fons Romero
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H Star
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Lav
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Watkins
- 2 Hypodontia Clinic, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Harrison
- 2 Hypodontia Clinic, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Hovorakova
- 3 Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Headon
- 4 The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A S Tucker
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,3 Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Amri N, Djolé SX, Petit S, Babajko S, Coudert AE, Castaneda B, Simon S, Berdal A. Distorted Patterns of Dentinogenesis and Eruption in Msx2 Null Mutants. The American Journal of Pathology 2016; 186:2577-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Sakisaka Y, Kanaya S, Nakamura T, Tamura M, Shimauchi H, Nemoto E. p38 MAP kinase is required for Wnt3a-mediated osterix expression independently of Wnt-LRP5/6-GSK3β signaling axis in dental follicle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:527-32. [PMID: 27450807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wnt3a is a secreted glycoprotein that activates the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway through low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)5/6 co-receptors. Wnt3a has been implicated in periodontal development and homeostasis, as well as in cementum formation. Recently, we have reported that Wnt3a increases alkaline phosphatase expression through the induction of osterix (Osx) expression in dental follicle cells, a precursor of cementoblasts. However, the molecular mechanism by which Wnt3a induces Osx expression is still unknown. In this study, we show that Wnt3a-induced Osx expression was inhibited in the presence of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors (SB203580 and SB202190) at gene and protein levels, as assessed by real-time PCR and immunocytohistochemistry, respectively. Pretreatment of cells with Dickkopf-1, a potent canonical Wnt antagonist binding to LRP5/6 co-receptors, did not influence Wnt3a-mediated p38 MAPK phosphorylation, suggesting that Wnt3a activates p38 MAPK through LRP5/6-independent signaling. On the other hand, pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitors had no effects on the phosphorylated status of GSK3β and β-catenin as well as β-catenin nuclear translocation, but inhibited Wnt3a-mediated β-catenin transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that p38 MAPK modulates canonical Wnt signaling at the β-catenin transcriptional level without any crosstalk with the Wnt3a-mediated LRP5/6-GSK3β signaling axis and subsequent β-catenin nuclear translocation. These findings expand our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling periodontal development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Sakisaka
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sousuke Kanaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Liason Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimauchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-H. Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences; Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry; Jeonju South Korea
| | - H. Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences; Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry; Jeonju South Korea
| | - H.-K. You
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Wonkwang University; Iksan South Korea
| | - E.-S. Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences; Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry; Jeonju South Korea
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Rao LJ, Yi BC, Li QM, Xu Q. TET1 knockdown inhibits the odontogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp cells. Int J Oral Sci. 2016;8:110-116. [PMID: 27357322 PMCID: PMC4932775 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) possess the capacity to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and generate reparative dentin in response to exogenous stimuli or injury. Ten–eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is a novel DNA methyldioxygenase that plays an important role in the promotion of DNA demethylation and transcriptional regulation in several cell lines. However, the role of TET1 in the biological functions of hDPCs is unknown. To investigate the effect of TET1 on the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation potential of hDPCs, a recombinant shRNA lentiviral vector was used to knock down TET1 expression in hDPCs. Following TET1 knockdown, TET1 was significantly downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation of the hDPCs was suppressed in the TET1 knockdown groups. Alkaline phosphatase activity, the formation of mineralized nodules, and the expression levels of DSPP and DMP1 were all reduced in the TET1-knockdown hDPCs undergoing odontogenic differentiation. Based on these results, we concluded that TET1 knockdown can prevent the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs, which suggests that TET1 may play an important role in dental pulp repair and regeneration.
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Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central role in many processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. At least 19 types of Wnt ligands, receptors, transducers, transcription factors, and antagonists have been identified in mammals. Two distinct Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical signaling pathway and the noncanonical signaling pathway, have been described. Some Wnt signaling pathway components are expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth development in humans and mice. Functional studies and experimental analysis of relevant animal models confirm the effects of Wnt signaling pathway on the regulation of developing tooth formation and adult tooth homeostasis. Mutations in some Wnt signaling pathway components have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. This review provides an overview of progress in elucidating the role of Wnt signaling pathway components in the tooth and the resulting possibilities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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38
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Feller L, Khammissa RA, Thomadakis G, Fourie J, Lemmer J. Apical External Root Resorption and Repair in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Biological Events. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:4864195. [PMID: 27119080 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4864195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Some degree of external root resorption is a frequent, unpredictable, and unavoidable consequence of orthodontic tooth movement mediated by odontoclasts/cementoclasts originating from circulating precursor cells in the periodontal ligament. Its pathogenesis involves mechanical forces initiating complex interactions between signalling pathways activated by various biological agents. Resorption of cementum is regulated by mechanisms similar to those controlling osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Following root resorption there is repair by cellular cementum, but factors mediating the transition from resorption to repair are not clear. In this paper we review some of the biological events associated with orthodontically induced external root resorption.
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Abstract
Secreted WNT proteins control cell differentiation and proliferation in many tissues, and NOTUM is a secreted enzyme that modulates WNT morphogens by removing a palmitoleoylate moiety that is essential for their activity. To better understand the role this enzyme in development, the authors produced NOTUM-deficient mice by targeted insertional disruption of the Notum gene. The authors discovered a critical role for NOTUM in dentin morphogenesis suggesting that increased WNT activity can disrupt odontoblast differentiation and orientation in both incisor and molar teeth. Although molars in Notum-/- mice had normal-shaped crowns and normal mantle dentin, the defective crown dentin resulted in enamel prone to fracture during mastication and made teeth more susceptible to endodontal inflammation and necrosis. The dentin dysplasia and short roots contributed to tooth hypermobility and to the spread of periodontal inflammation, which often progressed to periapical abscess formation. The additional incidental finding of renal agenesis in some Notum -/- mice indicated that NOTUM also has a role in kidney development, with undiagnosed bilateral renal agenesis most likely responsible for the observed decreased perinatal viability of Notum-/- mice. The findings support a significant role for NOTUM in modulating WNT signaling pathways that have pleiotropic effects on tooth and kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - R. W. Read
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - G. M. Hansen
- Molecular Genetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - D. R. Powell
- Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - P. N. Kantaputra
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
- The Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - B. Zambrowicz
- Molecular Genetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - R. Brommage
- Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
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40
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Mao L, Liu J, Zhao J, Chang J, Xia L, Jiang L, Wang X, Lin K, Fang B. Effect of micro-nano-hybrid structured hydroxyapatite bioceramics on osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cell via Wnt signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7031-44. [PMID: 26648716 PMCID: PMC4648603 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s90343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface structure of bioceramic scaffolds is crucial for its bioactivity and osteoinductive ability, and in recent years, human periodontal ligament stem cells have been certified to possess high osteogenic and cementogenic differential ability. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with micro-nano-hybrid surface (mnHA [the hybrid of nanorods and microrods]) were fabricated via hydrothermal reaction of the α-tricalcium phosphate granules as precursors in aqueous solution, and the effects of mnHA on the attachment, proliferation, osteogenic and cementogenic differentiations of human periodontal ligament stem cells as well as the related mechanisms were systematically investigated. The results showed that mnHA bioceramics could promote cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of osteogenic/cementogenic-related markers including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and cementum protein (CEMP) as compared to the HA bioceramics with flat and dense surface. Moreover, mnHA bioceramics stimulated gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and β-catenin, which are the key genes of canonical Wnt signaling. Moreover, the stimulatory effect on ALP activity and osteogenic and cementogenic gene expression, including that of ALP, OCN, CAP, CEMP, and Runx2 of mnHA bioceramics could be repressed by canonical Wnt signaling inhibitor dickkopf1 (Dkk1). The results suggested that the HA bioceramics with mnHA could act as promising grafts for periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Mao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Zhao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Fang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Feng J, Li J, Zhao H, Ho TV, Chai Y. An Nfic-hedgehog signaling cascade regulates tooth root development. Development 2015; 142:3374-82. [PMID: 26293299 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coordination between the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and apical papilla (AP) is crucial for proper tooth root development. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and Nfic are both involved in tooth root development; however, their relationship has yet to be elucidated. Here, we establish a timecourse of mouse molar root development by histological staining of sections, and we demonstrate that Hh signaling is active before and during root development in the AP and HERS using Gli1 reporter mice. The proper pattern of Hh signaling activity in the AP is crucial for the proliferation of dental mesenchymal cells, because either inhibition with Hh inhibitors or constitutive activation of Hh signaling activity in transgenic mice leads to decreased proliferation in the AP and shorter roots. Moreover, Hh activity is elevated in Nfic(-/-) mice, a root defect model, whereas RNA sequencing and in situ hybridization show that the Hh attenuator Hhip is downregulated. ChIP and RNAscope analyses suggest that Nfic binds to the promoter region of Hhip. Treatment of Nfic(-/-) mice with Hh inhibitor partially restores cell proliferation, AP growth and root development. Taken together, our results demonstrate that an Nfic-Hhip-Hh signaling pathway is crucial for apical papilla growth and proper root formation. This discovery provides insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating tooth root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Sakisaka Y, Tsuchiya M, Nakamura T, Tamura M, Shimauchi H, Nemoto E. Wnt5a attenuates Wnt3a-induced alkaline phosphatase expression in dental follicle cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Han P, Ivanovski S, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Activation of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Induces Cementum Regeneration. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1160-74. [PMID: 25556853 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is important in tooth development but it is unclear whether it can induce cementogenesis and promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues lost because of disease. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of canonical Wnt signaling enhancers on human periodontal ligament cell (hPDLCs) cementogenic differentiation in vitro and cementum repair in a rat periodontal defect model. Canonical Wnt signaling was induced by (1) local injection of lithium chloride; (2) local injection of sclerostin antibody; and (3) local injection of a lentiviral construct overexpressing β-catenin. The results showed that the local activation of canonical Wnt signaling resulted in significant new cellular cementum deposition and the formation of well-organized periodontal ligament fibers, which was absent in the control group. In vitro experiments using hPDLCs showed that the Wnt signaling pathway activators significantly increased mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene and protein expression of the bone and cementum markers osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), cementum protein 1 (CEMP1), and cementum attachment protein (CAP). Our results show that the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway can induce in vivo cementum regeneration and in vitro cementogenic differentiation of hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Centre for Medicine and Oral Health, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Nemoto E, Sakisaka Y, Tsuchiya M, Tamura M, Nakamura T, Kanaya S, Shimonishi M, Shimauchi H. Wnt3a signaling induces murine dental follicle cells to differentiate into cementoblastic/osteoblastic cells via an osterix-dependent pathway. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:164-74. [PMID: 26095156 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dental follicle cells, putative progenitor cells for cementoblasts, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells, interplay with Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells during tooth root formation, in which HERS is considered to have an inductive role in initiating cementogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. However, the specific mechanisms controlling the cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of dental follicle cells are not fully understood. Canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in increased bone formation by controlling mesenchymal stem cell or osteoblastic cell functions. This study examined the possible expression of canonical Wnt ligand in HERS and the role of Wnt signaling during the cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of dental follicle cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of Wnt3a, a representative canonical Wnt ligand, in HERS was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The differentiation and function of immortalized murine dental follicle cells were evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP, Alpl) activity and osteogenic gene expression. RESULTS We identified the expression of Wnt3a in HERS during mouse tooth root development by immunohistochemistry as well as in cultured human epithelial rest cells of Malassez by real-time polymerase chain reaction, while no expression of Wnt3a was detected in cultured dental mesenchymal cells. Exposure of immortalized murine dental follicle cells to Wnt3a-induced ALP activity as well as expression of the Alpl gene. Pretreatment of cells with Dickkopf-1, a potent canonical Wnt antagonist, markedly attenuated the effect of Wnt3a on ALP expression. Furthermore, Wnt3a induced transcriptional activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and expression of osterix at gene and/or protein levels. Treatment with osterix-small interfering RNA significantly inhibited Wnt3a-induced ALP expression at gene and protein levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HERS has a potential role in stimulating cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of dental follicle cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Sakisaka
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Tsuchiya
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Kanaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Shimonishi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Shimauchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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45
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Zhou C, Yang G, Chen M, Wang C, He L, Xiang L, Chen D, Ling J, Mao JJ. Lhx8 mediated Wnt and TGFβ pathways in tooth development and regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 63:35-46. [PMID: 26081866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8) is a highly conserved transcriptional factor with recently illustrated roles in cholinergic and GABAergic differentiation, and is expressed in neural crest derived craniofacial tissues during development. However, Lhx8 functions and signaling pathways are largely elusive. Here we showed that Lhx8 regulates dental mesenchyme differentiation and function via Wnt and TGFβ pathways. Lhx8 expression was restricted to dental mesenchyme from E11.5 to a peak at E14.5, and absent in dental epithelium. By reconstituting dental epithelium and mesenchyme in an E16.5 tooth organ, Lhx8 knockdown accelerated dental mesenchyme differentiation; conversely, Lhx8 overexpression attenuated dentin formation. Lhx8 overexpressed adult human dental pulp stem/progenitor cells in β-tricalcium phosphate cubes attenuated mineralized matrix production in vivo. Gene profiling revealed that postnatal dental pulp stem/progenitor cells upon Lhx8 overexpression modified matrix related gene expression including Dspp, Cola1 and osteocalcin. Lhx8 transcriptionally activated Wnt and TGFβ pathways, and its attenuation upregulated multiple dentinogenesis genes. Together, Lhx8 regulates dentin development and regeneration by fine-turning Wnt and TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guodong Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ling He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lusai Xiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Danying Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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Gao S, Wang Y, Wang X, Lin P, Hu M. Effect of lithium ions on cementoblasts in the presence of lipopolysaccharide in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1277-1282. [PMID: 25780422 PMCID: PMC4353773 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of lithium ions as an agent to facilitate bone formation have been widely documented; however, the effect of lithium ions in the periodontitis model has not yet been elucidated. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of single lithium ions in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A periodontitis model was induced in cementoblasts using LPS. The cytotoxic effect of the lithium ions on the cementoblasts was studied through the MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase analysis and alizarin red staining were performed to investigate the effect of the lithium ions on differentiation. To examine the effect of lithium ions on osteoclastogenesis, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and ELISA, respectively. Compared with the effect induced by lithium ions on normal cementoblasts, proliferation and differentiation were downregulated following the co-incubation of the cementoblasts with LPS and lithium ions. Furthermore, the lithium ions appeared to alter osteoclastogenesis by regulating the OPG/RANKL ratio. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that lithium ions can downregulate proliferation and differentiation in a periodontitis model. Further studies should be undertaken prior to the acceptance of lithium ions for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Viale-Bouroncle S, Klingelhöffer C, Ettl T, Reichert T, Morsczeck C. A protein kinase A (PKA)/β-catenin pathway sustains the BMP2/DLX3-induced osteogenic differentiation in dental follicle cells (DFCs). Cell Signal 2015; 27:598-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cao Z, Liu R, Zhang H, Liao H, Zhang Y, Hinton RJ, Feng JQ. Osterix controls cementoblast differentiation through downregulation of Wnt-signaling via enhancing DKK1 expression. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:335-44. [PMID: 25678852 PMCID: PMC4323373 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osterix (Osx), a transcriptional factor essential for osteogenesis, is also critical for in vivo cellular cementum formation. However, the molecular mechanism by which Osx regulates cementoblasts is largely unknown. In this study, we initially demonstrated that overexpression of Osx in a cementoblast cell line upregulated the expression of markers vital to cementogenesis such as osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) at both mRNA and protein levels, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated a sharp increase in the expression of DKK1 (a potent canonical Wnt antagonist), and a great reduction in protein levels of β-catenin and its nuclear translocation by overexpression of Osx. Further, transient transfection of Osx reduced protein levels of TCF1 (a target transcription factor of β-catenin), which were partially reversed by an addition of DKK1. We also demonstrated that activation of canonical Wnt signaling by LiCl or Wnt3a significantly enhanced levels of TCF1 and suppressed the expression of OPN, OCN, and BSP, as well as ALP activity and formation of extracellular mineralized nodules. Importantly, we confirmed that there were a sharp reduction in DKK1 and a concurrent increase in β-catenin in Osx cKO mice (crossing between the Osx loxP and 2.3 Col 1-Cre lines), in agreement with the in vitro data. Thus, we conclude that the key role of Osx in control of cementoblast proliferation and differentiation is to maintain a low level of Wnt-β-catenin via direct up-regulation of DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Cao
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ; 2. Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rubing Liu
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- 3. Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Haiqing Liao
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert J Hinton
- 3. Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- 3. Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, USA
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Lee HS, Kim SH, Kim SO, Choi BJ, Cho SW, Park W, Song JS. Microscopic analysis of molar--incisor malformation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:544-52. [PMID: 25544405 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molar-incisor malformation (MIM) is a newly discovered type of dental anomaly that involves a characteristic root malformation of the permanent first molars. The aim of this study was to reveal the microstructure of MIM teeth in order to determine their origin. STUDY DESIGN Four MIM teeth were extracted from a 9-year-old girl due to severe mobility. The detailed microstructure of the teeth was determined by examinations with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the detailed microstructure. RESULTS Micro-CT and H&E staining revealed the pulpal floor comprising three layers: upper, middle, and lower. Amorphous hard tissues and hyperactive cells were observed in the middle layer of the pulpal floor, and the cells stained positively for dentin sialoprotein and osteocalcin, but not for collagen XII. CONCLUSION The results of the present study imply that MIM-affected molars probably result from inappropriate differentiation of the apical pulp and dental follicle.
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