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Kishi A, Millet GY, Desplan M, Lemarchand B, Bouscaren N. Sleep and Ultramarathon: Exploring Patterns, Strategies, and Repercussions of 1,154 Mountain Ultramarathons Finishers. Sports Med Open 2024; 10:34. [PMID: 38589752 PMCID: PMC11001838 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and physical performance are strongly related and mutually influence each other. Athletes, particularly in disciplines like offshore sailing and ultra-endurance sports, often suffer from sleep deprivation due to factors like irregular training times, travel, and the extended duration of events like 100-mile mountain races. Despite growing interest in sleep's role in sports science, few studies have specifically investigated the sleep patterns of ultramarathon runners. This study aimed to investigate sleep patterns and sleep management strategies in ultramarathons, and the repercussions of sleep deprivation during and after races. METHODS This cross-sectional study using e-survey was conducted on 1154 runners from two ultramarathons (a 165 km race with 9,576 m positive elevation; 2018 finish time [23:18:48-66:04:00], and a 111 km race with 6,433 m elevation; [15:34:56 - 41:54:16]). RESULTS The results revealed that 58% of the runners reported implementing sleep management strategies before or during the race. Most runners began the race with some level of sleep debt (-50 min a week before the race). During the races, 77% of runners slept, with the cumulative sleep duration varying based on race duration and the number of nights spent on the race (76 min at 165 km and 27 min at 111 km). Short naps lasting less than 30 min were the most popular strategy. The prevalence of symptoms attributed to sleep deprivation during the race was high (80%), with reported falls and hallucinations. After the race, runners reported recovering a normal state of wakefulness relatively quickly (within two days); 22% believed that sleep deprivation during the race increased the risk of accidents in everyday life. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into sleep patterns and strategies in ultramarathon running and emphasizes the importance of adequate sleep management for performance and post-race recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kishi
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Médecine du Sport, CHU de la Réunion, Site Hôpital de Saint-Pierre, BP 350, Saint-Pierre, 97448, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, 7424, F-42023, EA, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Desplan
- Be Sports Clinic, Centre Médical Médimarien, Schaerbeek, 1030, Belgique
| | - Bruno Lemarchand
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Médecine du Sport, CHU de la Réunion, Site Hôpital de Saint-Pierre, BP 350, Saint-Pierre, 97448, France
| | - Nicolas Bouscaren
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, 7424, F-42023, EA, France.
- Service de santé Publique et soutien à la recherche, INSERM CIC 1410, CHU Réunion, Saint Pierre, France.
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Chao E, Chen SJ, Hong YC, Chiang HH. Influence of resilience on perceived stress and depression among Taiwanese army military personnel. Stress Health 2023; 39:1072-1081. [PMID: 37036123 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Resilience has been reported to attenuate psychological burden and promote mental health. Military personnel constitute a population with a high psychological burden and poor sleep quality and are thus at a high risk of depression. This study is aim to examine the mechanism underlying the effects of resilience on perceived stress, sleep quality, and depression among Taiwanese army military personnel. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 2020 and February 2021. Participants comprised 1505 voluntary army military service personnel aged 20 years or older; they completed self-reported questionnaires measuring their perceived stress, resilience, sleep quality, and depression. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that the association between resilience and depression was partially mediated by perceived stress and sleep quality. Perceived stress is a significant mediator on the association between resilience and depression. A high level of sleep disturbance was observed in this population and results found that sleep quality showed a slight partial mediation effect on the association between resilience and depression. Resilience can alleviate the effects of stress, which in turn alleviates depression among military personnel. Promoting resilience-enhancing education and mitigating environmental barriers to sleep is essential for reducing depressive symptoms among military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Chao
- Center of General Education, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Hong
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsun Chiang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yin J, Xu J, Ren TL. Recent Progress in Long-Term Sleep Monitoring Technology. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:395. [PMID: 36979607 PMCID: PMC10046225 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential physiological activity, accounting for about one-third of our lives, which significantly impacts our memory, mood, health, and children's growth. Especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, sleep health issues have attracted more attention. In recent years, with the development of wearable electronic devices, there have been more and more studies, products, or solutions related to sleep monitoring. Many mature technologies, such as polysomnography, have been applied to clinical practice. However, it is urgent to develop wearable or non-contacting electronic devices suitable for household continuous sleep monitoring. This paper first introduces the basic knowledge of sleep and the significance of sleep monitoring. Then, according to the types of physiological signals monitored, this paper describes the research progress of bioelectrical signals, biomechanical signals, and biochemical signals used for sleep monitoring. However, it is not ideal to monitor the sleep quality for the whole night based on only one signal. Therefore, this paper reviews the research on multi-signal monitoring and introduces systematic sleep monitoring schemes. Finally, a conclusion and discussion of sleep monitoring are presented to propose potential future directions and prospects for sleep monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Yin
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiandong Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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LaGoy AD, Conkright WR, Proessl F, Sinnott AM, Beckner ME, Jabloner L, Eagle SR, Sekel NM, Roma PG, Dretsch MN, Flanagan SD, Mi Q, Nindl BC, Germain A, Connaboy C, Ferrarelli F. Less daytime sleepiness and slow wave activity during sleep predict better physical readiness in military personnel. Sleep Health 2023; 9:93-99. [PMID: 36503874 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military personnel must maintain physical performance despite exposure to operational stressors such as sleep loss, caloric restriction and high cognitive load. Habitual sleep and specific sleep features are positively associated with fitness and may contribute to physical performance in operational settings. Further, by affecting muscle recovery, sleep may contribute to the ability to maintain performance across multiple days of exposure to operational stressors. OBJECTIVES We examined the role of individual differences in baseline sleep on baseline physical performance and on change in physical performance throughout exposure to simulated military operational stress (SMOS). METHODS Military personnel (36 male, 9 female, 26.3 ± 5.3 years) completed a 5-day SMOS protocol during which they completed a tactical mobility test daily. Sleep questionnaires were administered at intake and sleep was monitored each night with polysomnography. Lasso regressions were used to identify meaningful predictors of physical performance at baseline and of change in physical performance across SMOS. RESULTS Better aerobic fitness, lower daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and lower absolute slow wave activity (0.5-4 Hz) predicted better physical performance at baseline (66.1% of variance explained), but did not relate to changes in performance. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, higher daytime sleepiness and slow wave activity may reflect more chronic exposure to insufficient sleep and higher baseline sleep drive, which in turn led to compromised physical performance. The findings suggest that low self-report sleepiness and low objective slow wave activity may reflect two quantifiable markers of healthy sleep behaviors that have implications for operational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice D LaGoy
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Felix Proessl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron M Sinnott
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie Jabloner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn R Eagle
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole M Sekel
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter G Roma
- Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center/KBR, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Mi
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Connaboy
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Edgar DT, Beaven CM, Gill ND, Driller MW. Under Pressure: The Chronic Effects of Lower-Body Compression Garment Use during a 6-Week Military Training Course. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19073912. [PMID: 35409593 PMCID: PMC8998078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that compression garments may aid recovery in acute settings; however, less is known about the long-term use of compression garments (CG) for recovery. This study aimed to assess the influence of wearing CG on changes in physical performance, subjective soreness, and sleep quality over 6 weeks of military training. Methods: Fifty-five officer-trainees aged 24 ± 6 y from the New Zealand Defence Force participated in the current study. Twenty-seven participants wore CG every evening for 4−6 h, and twenty-eight wore standard military attire (CON) over a 6-week period. Subjective questionnaires (soreness and sleep quality) were completed weekly, and 2.4 km run time-trial, maximum press-ups, and curl-ups were tested before and after the 6 weeks of military training. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant group × time interactions for performance measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small effects in favour of CG over CON for improvements in 2.4 km run times (d = −0.24) and press-ups (d = 0.36), respectively. Subjective soreness also resulted in no significant group × time interaction but displayed small to moderate effects for reduced soreness in favour of CG. Conclusions: Though not statistically significant, CG provided small to moderate benefits to muscle-soreness and small benefits to aspects of physical-performance over a 6-week military training regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Edgar
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (D.T.E.); (C.M.B.); (N.D.G.)
- New Zealand Defence Force, Joint Support Group, Trentham Camp, Wellington 5019, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Martyn Beaven
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (D.T.E.); (C.M.B.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Nicholas D. Gill
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (D.T.E.); (C.M.B.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Matthew W. Driller
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
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