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Matelot D, Béghin L, Martin C, Deschamps T, Ovigneur H, Vanhelst J. The International Fitness Scale (IFIS): A valid tool to assess physical fitness in French children. J Epidemiol Popul Health 2024; 72:202380. [PMID: 38574435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for monitoring regularly physical fitness in youth is well established for public health issues. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the International Fitness Scale questionnaire (IFIS) to assess physical fitness in French children in the school context. METHODS A sample of 2 060 children (1054 boys), aged 10.6 ± 0.9 years, participated in the validation study while an independent sample of 366 children (175 boys), aged 9 to 11 years, participated in the assessment of reliability. Physical fitness was measured by a self-report of 5 questions with a 5-point Likert-scale (from very poor to very good) (IFIS), and also measured objectively by 4 field tests: cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, speed/agility and flexibility. For the test-retest reliability assessment, children were instructed to complete the questionnaire twice, 1 week apart. RESULTS For all physical fitness components studied, children reporting a good or a very good physical fitness in the IFIS had better results in objective measurements of physical fitness tests compared to children reporting a very poor to an average physical fitness (p<0.001) without or with adjustments for sex, age and weight status. The reliability coefficients were acceptable for all components of physical fitness (0.59-0.72). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IFIS appears to be a useful instrument for teachers to estimate physical fitness levels of French children, possibly on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Béghin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, and CIC 1403 - Clinical Investigation Center. F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Department of Biostatistics, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Hervé Ovigneur
- Institut des Rencontres de la Forme (IRFO), Diagnoform®, F-59139 Wattignies, France
| | - Jérémy Vanhelst
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017 Bobigny, France.
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Flor-Alemany M, Sandborg J, Migueles JH, Söderström E, Henström M, Marín-Jiménez N, Baena-García L, Aparicio VA, Löf M. Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy: Is the Mediterranean Diet Beneficial in Non-Mediterranean Countries? Nutrients 2024; 16:718. [PMID: 38474846 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and MD components with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pregnant women from Spain and Sweden. A total of 138 pregnant women from Spain (age: 32.9 ± 4.6 years old) and 302 pregnant women from Sweden (age: 31.3 ± 4.1 years old) were included. MD adherence was assessed with the Mediterranean food pattern (i.e., a MD index) at the 14-16th gestational weeks. HRQoL was assessed with the Spanish and Swedish versions of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36 and RAND-36, respectively) at the 14-16th and 34-37th gestational weeks. A greater MD adherence was associated with better physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, emotional role, and mental health in cross-sectional associations (2nd trimester) in the Spanish sample (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, a greater MD adherence was associated with lower bodily pain in both Spanish and Swedish samples (both p < 0.05) in the 3rd trimester. The associations of MD adherence with pain seem to be explained by a greater intake of fiber, fish, fruits, nuts, and legumes (all p < 0.05). A greater MD adherence, driven by a higher intake of fiber, fish, fruits, nuts, and legumes, was associated with lower pain throughout pregnancy in both Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Flor-Alemany
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Johanna Sandborg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH "Promoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Emmie Söderström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Henström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Laura Baena-García
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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Claiborne A, Jevtovic F, May LE. A narrative review of exercise dose during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1581-1597. [PMID: 37735993 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The current recommendations for prenatal exercise dose align with those from the American College of Sports Medicine; 150 min of moderate intensity every week of pregnancy. However, recent works suggest there may be a dose-dependent beneficial effect for mother and offspring; maternal and offspring health outcomes respond differently to low, medium, and high doses of prenatal exercise. It is, therefore, our aim to summarize the published evidence (years 1950-2023) for five metrics of prenatal exercise training commonly reported, that is, "FITT-V": Frequency (number of sessions), Intensity (metabolic equivalents "METs"), Time (duration of sessions), Type (exercise mode), Volume (exercise MET*mins). The target audience includes clinicians and health care professionals, as well as exercise professionals and physiologists. Data suggest that moderate exercise frequency (3-4 times weekly) appears safe and efficacious for mother and offspring, while there is contradictory evidence for the safety and further benefit of increased frequency beyond 5 sessions per week. Moderate (3-6 METs) and vigorous (>6 METs) intensity prenatal exercise have been shown to promote maternal and offspring health, while little research has been performed on low-intensity (<3 METs) exercise. Exercise sessions lasting less than 1 hr are safe for mother and fetus, while longer-duration exercise should be carefully considered and monitored. Taken together, aerobic, resistance, or a combination of exercise types is well tolerated at medium-to-high volumes and offers a variety of type-specific benefits. Still, research is needed to define (1) the "minimum" effective dose of exercise for mother and offspring health, as well as (2) the maximum tolerable dose from which more benefits may be seen. Additionally, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials addressing exercise doses during the three trimesters of pregnancy. Further, the protocols adopted in research studies should be more standardized and tested for efficacy in different populations of gravid women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Claiborne
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Romero-Gallardo L, Roldan Reoyo O, Castro-Piñero J, May LE, Ocón-Hernández O, Mottola MF, Aparicio VA, Soriano-Maldonado A. Assessment of physical fitness during pregnancy: validity and reliability of fitness tests, and relationship with maternal and neonatal health - a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001318. [PMID: 36172399 PMCID: PMC9511659 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To systematically review studies evaluating one or more components of physical fitness (PF) in pregnant women, to answer two research questions: (1) What tests have been employed to assess PF in pregnant women? and (2) What is the validity and reliability of these tests and their relationship with maternal and neonatal health? Design A systematic review. Data sources PubMed and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria Original English or Spanish full-text articles in a group of healthy pregnant women which at least one component of PF was assessed (field based or laboratory tests). Results A total of 149 articles containing a sum of 191 fitness tests were included. Among the 191 fitness tests, 99 (ie, 52%) assessed cardiorespiratory fitness through 75 different protocols, 28 (15%) assessed muscular fitness through 16 different protocols, 14 (7%) assessed flexibility through 13 different protocols, 45 (24%) assessed balance through 40 different protocols, 2 assessed speed with the same protocol and 3 were multidimensional tests using one protocol. A total of 19 articles with 23 tests (13%) assessed either validity (n=4), reliability (n=6) or the relationship of PF with maternal and neonatal health (n=16). Conclusion Physical fitness has been assessed through a wide variety of protocols, mostly lacking validity and reliability data, and no consensus exists on the most suitable fitness tests to be performed during pregnancy. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018117554.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Romero-Gallardo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Sport and Health University Research Centre, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Roldan Reoyo
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Sport Science Department, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,The Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, España
| | - Linda E May
- Kinesiology, East Carolina University College of Health and Human Performance, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga Ocón-Hernández
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,The Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada.ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Michelle F Mottola
- R. Samuel McLaughlin Foundation- Exercise and Pregnancy Lab, School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- Sport and Health University Research Centre, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Biomedical Research Centre, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Marín-Jiménez N, Flor-Alemany M, Baena-García L, Coll-Risco I, Castro-Piñero J, Aparicio VA. Physical fitness and maternal body composition indices during pregnancy and postpartum: the GESTAFIT project. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35986555 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We explored the association of physical fitness (PF) during pregnancy with maternal body composition indices along pregnancy and postpartum period. The study comprised 159 pregnant women (32.9 ± 4.7 years old). Assessments were carried out at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks (g.w.) and six weeks postpartum. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength (absolute and relative values) and flexibility were measured. Body composition indices were obtained by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at postpartum. The results, after adjusting for potential covariates at the 16th g.w., indicated that greater CRF was associated with lower postpartum indices total fat mass, android and gynoid fat mass (all, p < 0.05). Greater absolute upper-body muscular strength was associated with greater pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG); and postpartum indices body weight, BMI, lean mass, fat free mass, fat mass, gynoid fat mass, T-score and Z-score bone mineral density (BMD) (all, p < 0.05). Greater upper-body flexibility was associated with lower pre-pregnancy BMI; and postpartum indices body weight, BMI, lean mass, fat free mass, fat mass, android fat mass and gynoid fat mass, and with greater GWG (all, p < 0.05). At the 34th g.w., greater CRF was additionally associated with greater postpartum T-score and Z-score BMD (both, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study reveals that greater PF levels, especially during early pregnancy, may promote a better body composition in the postpartum period. Therefore, clinicians and health promoters should encourage women to maintain or improve PF levels from early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Flor-Alemany
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Baena-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de investigación biosanitaria, ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Coll-Risco
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education. Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) research unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Virginia A. Aparicio
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
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6
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Bao R, Chen S, Kastelic K, Drenowatz C, Li M, Zhang J, Wang L. Reliability of International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Chinese Children and Adolescents. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9040531. [PMID: 35455575 PMCID: PMC9028806 DOI: 10.3390/children9040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: It has previously been shown that the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) is a reliable and valid instrument when used in numerous regions and subgroups, but it remains to be determined whether the IFIS is a reliable instrument for use with Chinese children and adolescents. If the reliability of the IFIS can be verified, populational surveillance and monitoring of physical fitness (PF) can easily be conducted. This study aimed to test the reliability of the IFIS when used with Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to recruit study participants. In total, 974 school-aged children and adolescents between 11 and 17 years of age were recruited from three cities in Southeast China: Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuxi. The study participants self-reported demographic data, including age (in years) and sex (boy or girl). The participants completed the questionnaire twice within a two-week interval. Results: A response rate of 95.9% resulted in a sample of 934 participants (13.7 ± 1.5 years, 47.4% girls) with valid data. On average, the participants were 13.7 ± 1.5 years of age. The test–retest weighted kappa coefficients for overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness, speed and agility and flexibility were 0.52 (Std. errs. = 0.02), 0.51 (Std. errs. = 0.02), 0.60 (Std. errs. = 0.02), 0.55 (Std. errs. = 0.02) and 0.55 (Std. errs. = 0.02), respectively. Conclusions: The International Fitness Scale was found to have moderate reliability in the assessment of (self-reported) physical fitness in Chinese children and adolescents. In the future, the validity of the IFIS should be urgently tested in Chinese subgroup populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Bao
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Kaja Kastelic
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski Trg 2, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Jialin Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence:
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Sánchez-López M, García-Hermoso A, Ortega FB, Moliner-Urdiales D, Labayen I, Castro-Piñero J, Benito PJ, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Sanchis-Moysi J, Cantallop J, Artero EG, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Validity and Reliability of the International FItness Scale (IFIS) in preschool children. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:818-828. [PMID: 35249452 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2049884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the validity and reliability of parent-reported International FItness Scale (IFIS) in preschool-age children. METHOD A cross-sectional study of 3051 Spanish preschoolers (3-5 years). Fitness was measured by PREFIT fitness test battery and reported by parents using an adapted version of the IFIS. Waist circumference was evaluated, and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Seventy-six parents of randomly selected schoolchildren completed the IFIS twice (two weeks apart) for a reliability assessment. RESULTS ANCOVA, adjusted for sex, age and WHtR, showed that preschoolers who were scored by their parents as having average-to-very good fitness had better levels of measured physical fitness than those preschoolers who were classified as having "very poor/poor" fitness levels (18.1laps to 22.1laps vs 15.6laps for cardiorespiratory fitness; 6.6 kg to 7.5 kg vs 5.3 kg for muscular fitness-handgrip-; 71.7 cm to 76.4 cm vs 62.0 cm for muscular fitness-standing long jump-; 17.2s to 16.2s vs 18.2s for speed/agility; and 11.2s to 15.6s vs 8.7s for balance; p < 0.001). The weighted kappa for concordance between parent-reported fitness levels and objective assessment was poor (κ ≤0.18 for all fitness measures). Overall, the mean values of the abdominal adiposity indicators were significantly lower in high-level fitness categories reported by parents than in low-level fitness categories (p < 0.05). The test-retest reliability of IFIS items ranged from 0.46 to 0.62. CONCLUSIONS The reliability of the parent-reported IFIS are acceptable, but the concordance between parents reported and objectively measures fitness levels is poor, suggesting that parents' responses may not be able to correctly classify preschoolers according to their fitness level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, IdiSNa, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- The PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Idoia Labayen
- IS (IS-FOOD), Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
| | - Jaume Cantallop
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (GICAFD). Departamento de Pedagogía y Didácticas Específicas (PDE). Facultad de Educación. Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)
| | - Enrique G Artero
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Faculty of Medicine, Talca, Chile
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Henström M, Leppänen MH, Henriksson P, Söderström E, Sandborg J, Ortega FB, Löf M. Self-reported (IFIS) versus measured physical fitness, and their associations to cardiometabolic risk factors in early pregnancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22719. [PMID: 34811456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness is a strong marker of health, but objective fitness measurements are not always feasible. The International FItness Scale (IFIS) for self-reported fitness is a simple-to-use tool with demonstrated validity and reliability; however, validation in pregnancy needs to be confirmed. Also, its association with cardiometabolic health in pregnant women is unknown. Hence, we examined (1) the validity of the IFIS with objectively measured fitness, and (2) the associations of self-reported versus objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength with cardiometabolic risk factors in early pregnancy. Women (n = 303) from the HealthyMoms trial were measured at gestational week 14 for: CRF (6-min walk test); upper-body muscular strength (handgrip strength test); self-reported fitness (IFIS), body composition (air-displacement plethysmography); blood pressure and metabolic parameters (lipids, glucose, insulin). Higher self-reported fitness was associated with better measured fitness (ANOVA overall p < 0.01 for all fitness types), indicating the usefulness of the IFIS in pregnancy. Furthermore, higher self-reported overall fitness and CRF were associated with lower cardiometabolic risk scores (ANOVA p < 0.001), with similar results shown for measured CRF (ANOVA p < 0.001). The findings suggest that IFIS could be useful to stratify pregnant women in appropriate fitness levels on a population-based level where objective measurement is not possible.
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Marín-Jiménez N, Castro-Piñero J, Rodríguez-Ayllón M, Marchán-Rubio A, Delgado-Fernández M, Aparicio VA. The favourable association of self-reported physical fitness with depression and anxiety during pregnancy. The GESTAFIT project. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1932-1940. [PMID: 34559596 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1986141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored the association of self-reported physical fitness with depressive symptoms and anxiety levels during pregnancy. One hundred fifty-five pregnant women (32.9 ± 4.7 years old) participated in the study. Self-reported physical fitness was assessed with the International Fitness Scale, depressive symptoms and state anxiety levels with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the State Trait Anxiety Index, respectively, at the 16 and 34 weeks of gestation. In model 1 (adjusted for age and gestational weight gain), greater overall self-reported physical fitness was associated with fewer depressive symptoms at the 16 weeks (p = .004). Greater self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength were associated with lower anxiety levels at the 16 weeks (all, p > .05). Greater overall self-reported physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility were associated with lower anxiety levels at the 34 weeks (all, p > .05). These results were also confirmed in model 2 (additionally adjusted for the exercise intervention, sleep quality, educational level, working status and cohabitating), except for cardiorespiratory fitness and anxiety levels at the 16 weeks (p = .09). Greater self-reported physical fitness was associated with lower psychological ill-being during pregnancy. Specifically, at the 16 weeks, greater self-reported overall physical fitness was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, greater self-reported muscular strength with lower anxiety levels; greater self-reported overall physical fitness and speed-agility with lower anxiety levels at the 34 weeks and greater self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness with lower anxiety levels during the pregnancy. Screening of physical fitness may reduce the risk of depression and anxiety and generally improve pregnancy mental health-related quality of life.HighlightsMaternal depression and anxiety have prevalence rates between 8 and 36%.Physical fitness enhancement during pregnancy results in less depression and anxiety.Greater physical fitness may provide benefits for the mother mental health.Self-reported physical fitness screening during pregnancy may be useful in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.,GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education. Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education. Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Ayllón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Marchán-Rubio
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM) and Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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10
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Baena-García L, Marín-Jiménez N, Romero-Gallardo L, Borges-Cosic M, Ocón-Hernández O, Flor-Alemany M, Aparicio VA. Association of Self-Reported Physical Fitness during Late Pregnancy with Birth Outcomes and Oxytocin Administration during Labour-The GESTAFIT Project. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18158201. [PMID: 34360494 PMCID: PMC8346096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We explored (a) the associations between self-reported maternal physical fitness and birth outcomes; (b) whether self-reported maternal physical fitness (PF) is related to the administration of oxytocin to induce or stimulate labour. Pregnant women from the GESTAFIT project randomized controlled trial (n = 117) participated in this prospective longitudinal study. Maternal physical fitness was assessed through the International Fitness Scale at the 34th gestational week. Maternal and neonatal birth outcomes and oxytocin administration were collected from the obstetric medical records. Umbilical arterial and venous cord blood gas were analysed immediately after birth. Self-reported overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and flexibility were not related to any maternal and neonatal birth outcomes (all p > 0.05). Greater speed-agility was associated with a more alkaline arterial (p = 0.04) and venous (p = 0.02) pH in the umbilical cord blood. Women who were administered oxytocin to induce or stimulate labour reported lower cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.013, Cohen's d = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.93) and flexibility (p = 0.040, Cohen´s d = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.89) compared to women who were not administered oxytocin. Greater maternal physical fitness during pregnancy could be associated with better neonatal birth outcomes and lower risk of needing oxytocin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baena-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain;
| | - Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lidia Romero-Gallardo
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Milkana Borges-Cosic
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (M.F.-A.)
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Ocón-Hernández
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, ‘San Cecilio’ University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Marta Flor-Alemany
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (M.F.-A.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia A. Aparicio
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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11
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Mendoza-Muñoz M, Adsuar JC, Mendoza-Muñoz DM, Polero P, Carlos-Vivas J. Concurrent Validity and Reliability of a Novel Visual Analogue Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:3457. [PMID: 33810455 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Self-reported physical fitness (PF) provides an accurate measure of PF, specifically for young people. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the most used psychosocial measurement methods. The main arguments in favor of VAS are its ease of use and comprehension, particularly for less educated participants. There are some scales that assess self-perception of PF, but the VAS presented in this study covers a higher range of responses and a number of variables than other already validated measures. Aims: The aim was to determine the concurrent validity of the Visual Analogue Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A) (Sub-study 1) and check its reliability (Sub-study 2). Methods: Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed, as well as PF tests (manual dynamometry, Course Navette, 4 × 10 m, and sit and reach). The International Fitness Scale (IFIS) and FP VAS A were used to assess self-reported PF. Results: Two sub-studies were carried out: in sub-study 1 a total of 67 students (26 males and 41 females aged 12–16 years) participated. The results showed a significant direct correlation between the level of PF and self-perception of PF (IFIS and FP VAS A), with the FP VAS A obtaining a higher correlation with PF (r = 0.444 to 0.666) than the IFIS and PF (r = 0.154 to 0.557). In sub-study 2 (test–retest of the FP VAS A), a total of 217 students (120 males and 97 females aged 12–17 years) participated. It showed a moderate reliability for all items; the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.800 and 0.870, and kappa values ranged from 0.622 (endurance) to 0.458 (flexibility). In addition, Cronbach’s α for the total was 0.860. Conclusion: This study showed good validity and reliability for the FP VAS A in adolescents.
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Marín-Jiménez N, Borges-Cosic M, Ocón-Hernández O, Coll-Risco I, Flor-Alemany M, Baena-García L, Castro-Piñero J, Aparicio VA. Association of Self-Reported Physical Fitness with Pregnancy Related Symptoms the GESTAFIT Project. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:3345. [PMID: 33804923 PMCID: PMC8036338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We explored the association of physical fitness (PF) with pregnancy-related symptoms, at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks (g.w.). The International Fitness Scale and the Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory were employed to assess self-reported PF and pregnancy-related symptoms, respectively. At the 16th g.w. greater self-reported overall PF was associated with lower incidence of urinary frequency (p = 0.020); greater overall PF, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength and speed-agility were associated with lower incidence of tiredness-fatigue (all, p < 0.05); greater overall PF and speed-agility were associated with lower incidence of poor sleep (both, p < 0.05); greater CRF and flexibility were associated with lower limitations by tiredness-fatigue (both, p < 0.05); and greater flexibility was associated with lower limitations by poor sleep (p = 0.021). At the 34th g.w. greater self-reported overall PF, CRF and muscular strength were associated with lower incidence of tiredness-fatigue (all, p < 0.05); greater CRF was associated with lower incidence of poor sleep (p = 0.019); and, greater flexibility was associated with lower incidence of increased vaginal discharge (p = 0.023). Adequate levels of PF, especially CRF, may help women to cope with the most endorsed pregnancy-related symptoms and its limitations, especially tiredness-fatigue and poor sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.M.-J.); (M.B.-C.)
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (I.C.-R.); (V.A.A.)
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Milkana Borges-Cosic
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.M.-J.); (M.B.-C.)
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (I.C.-R.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Olga Ocón-Hernández
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, ‘San Cecilio’ University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Coll-Risco
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (I.C.-R.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Flor-Alemany
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (I.C.-R.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Baena-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Virginia A. Aparicio
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain; (I.C.-R.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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