1
|
Deng L, Min W, Guo S, Deng J, Wu X, Tong D, Yuan A, Yang Q. Interference of pseudorabies virus infection on functions of porcine granulosa cells via apoptosis modulated by MAPK signaling pathways. Virol J 2024; 21:25. [PMID: 38263223 PMCID: PMC10807058 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the major viral pathogens leading to reproductive disorders in swine. However, little is known about the effects of PRV infection on porcine reproductive system. Ovarian granulosa cells are somatic cells surrounding oocytes in ovary and required for folliculogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the interference of PRV on functions of porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. METHODS Primary granulosa cells were isolated from porcine ovaries. To investigate the PRV infectivity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to check the presence of viral particles, and the expression of viral gE gene was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in PRV-inoculated cells. After PRV infection, cell viability was detected by MTS assay, Ki67 for proliferative status was determined by immunofluorescence assay (IFA), cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The checkpoint genes of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins were studied by qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS Virus particles were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of PRV-infected granulosa cells by TEM imaging, and the expression of viral gE gene increased in a time-dependent manner post infection. PRV infection inhibited cell viability and blocked cell cycle at S phase in porcine granulosa cells, accompanied by decreases in expression of Ki67 protein and checkpoint genes related to S phase. Radioimmunoassay revealed decreased levels in P4 and E2, and the expressions of key steroidogenic enzymes were also down-regulated post PRV-infection. In addition, PRV induced apoptosis with an increase in Bax expression and activation of caspase 9, and the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38 MAPKs were significantly up-regulated in porcine ovarian granulosa cells post PRV infection. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that PRV causes infection on porcine ovarian granulosa cells and interferes the cell functions through apoptosis, and the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingcong Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenpeng Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songyangnian Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiping Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao W, Jiang X, Hu Z, Wang Q, Shi Y, Tian X, Qiao M, Zhang J, Li Y, Li X. Epidemiological investigation, determination of related factors, and spatial-temporal cluster analysis of wild type pseudorabies virus seroprevalence in China during 2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1298434. [PMID: 38111735 PMCID: PMC10726123 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a linear DNA virus with a double-stranded structure, capable of infecting a diverse array of animal species, including humans. This study sought to ascertain the seroprevalence of Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) in China by conducting a comprehensive collection of blood samples from 16 provinces over the course of 2022. Methods The presence of PRV gE antibodies was detected through the utilization of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify potential related factors associated with the serologic status of PRV gE at the animal level. Additionally, the SaTScan 10.1 software was used to analyze the spatial and temporal clusters of PRV gE seroprevalence. Results A comprehensive collection of 161,880 samples was conducted, encompassing 556 swine farms throughout the country. The analysis revealed that the seroprevalence of PRV gE antibodies was 12.36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.20% to 12.52%) at the individual animal level. However, at the swine farm level, the seroprevalence was considerably higher, reaching 46.22% (95% CI, 42.08% to 50.37%). Related factors for PRV infection at the farm level included the geographic distribution of farms and seasonal variables. Moreover, five distinct high seroprevalence clusters of PRV gE were identified across China, with the peak prevalence observed during the months of April through June 2022. Conclusion Our findings serve as a valuable addition to existing research on the seroprevalence, related factors, and temporal clustering of PRV gE in China. Furthermore, our study provides a reference point for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and control of pseudorabies and wild virus outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Gao
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuntong Shi
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengli Qiao
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (New Hope Liuhe Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin Y, Qin S, Huang X, Xu L, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Wei Z, Huang W. Isolation and identification of two novel pseudorabies viruses with natural recombination or TK gene deletion in China. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109703. [PMID: 36842367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease, has gained increased attention in China in recent years due to outbreaks of emergent pseudorabies. However, there is limited information about the evolution and pathogenicity of emergent PRV field strains in China. In this study, two PRV field strains were isolated from an intensive pig farm with suspected PRV infection. These were named the GXLB-2015 and GXGG-2016 strains and their growth characteristics together with their genome sequences and pathogenicity were determined. Nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed the GXLB-2015 stain was relatively close to the foreign PRV isolated strains with respect to the whole genome sequence. However, it formed an independent branch between the foreign PRV isolates and the previous PRV variants isolated in China. Further recombination and genetic evolution analysis showed that the GXLB-2015 strain was a natural recombinant between the Bartha strain and PRV variants. The GXGG-2016 strain was highly homologous with the Chinese classical strains, but it has a natural deletion of 69 aa in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene. Pathogenicity analysis showed that, the GXLB-2015 strain had the strongest pathogenicity to mice with an LD50 of 103.5, while the GXGG-2016 strain with the TK gene deletion was not pathogenic to mice. Taken together, our data provide direct evidence for the genomic recombination and natural TK gene deletion of PRVs, which may provide a reference for a better understanding of PRV evolution in China and contribute to the clinical control of PRV infection in pig farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Shuying Qin
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangmei Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Lishi Xu
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Cui H, Zhang W, Meng L, Chen L, Wang Z, Zhao K, Chen Z, Qiao S, Liu J, Guo Z, Dong S. Epidemiological Investigation of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus in Hebei Province, China, 2017–2018. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930871. [PMID: 35812861 PMCID: PMC9263846 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR) is a serious disease affecting the pig industry in China, and it is very important to understand the epidemiology of pseudorabies virus (PRV). In the present study, 693 clinical samples were collected from Bartha-K61 vaccinated pigs with symptoms of suspected PRV infection between January 2017 and December 2018. All cases were referred for full clinical autopsy with detailed examination of histopathological examination, virus isolation and genetic evolution analysis of the PRV glycoprotein E (gE) gene. In addition, PRV gE antibodies in 3,449 serum samples were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The clinical data revealed that abortion and stillbirth are the most frequent appearances in pregnant sows of those cases. Histopathological examination exhibited a variety of pathological lesions, such as lobar pneumonia, hepatitis, lymphadenitis, nephritis, and typical nonsuppurative encephalitis. A total of 248 cases tested positive for the PRV gE gene. 11 PRV variants were isolated and confirmed by gE gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. These strains had 97.1%-100.0% nucleotide homology with the PRV reference strains. Notably, the isolated strains were highly homologous and clustered in the same branch as HSD-1/2019, which caused human acute encephalitis. Serological tests showed that the positive rate of PRV gE antibody in the 3449 serum samples collected from the Hebei Province was 46.27%. In conclusion, PRV variant strains Are high prevalence in the Hebei Province, which not only causes huge economic losses to the breeding industry but also potentially poses a threat to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lijia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoliang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Juxiang Liu
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- Zhendong Guo
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Shishan Dong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
AbstractPseudorabies virus (PRV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome approximating 150 kb in size. PRV contains many non-essential genes that can be replaced with genes encoding heterogenous antigens without affecting viral propagation. With the ability to induce cellular, humoral and mucosal immune responses in the host, PRV is considered to be an ideal and potential live vector for generation of animal vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advances in attenuated recombinant PRVs and design of PRV-based live vaccines as well as the challenge of vaccine application.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao J, Li J, Gao L, He Y, Xie J, Zhu P, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Duan L, Yang S, Song C, Shu X. Epidemiological Investigation and Genetic Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus in Yunnan Province of China from 2017 to 2021. Viruses 2022; 14:895. [PMID: 35632637 PMCID: PMC9146497 DOI: 10.3390/v14050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) has caused huge economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. Meanwhile, PRV infection in humans also sounded the alarm about its cross-species transmission from pigs to humans. To study the regional PRV epidemic, serological and epidemiological investigations of PRV in pig populations from Yunnan Province during 2017-2021 were performed. The results showed that 31.37% (6324/20,158, 95% CI 30.73-32.01) of serum samples were positive for PRV glycoprotein E (gE)-specific antibodies via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The risk factors, including the breeding scale and development stage, were significantly associated with PRV seroprevalence among pigs in Yunnan Province. Of the 416 tissue samples collected from PRV-suspected pigs in Yunnan Province, 43 (10.33%, 95% CI 7.41-13.26) samples were positive for PRV-gE nucleic acid in which 15 novel PRV strains from these PRV-positive samples were isolated, whose gC and gE sequences were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 15 isolates obtained in this study belonged to the genotype II. Additionally, the gC gene of one isolate (YuN-YL-2017) was genetically closer to variant PRV strains compared with others, while the gE gene was in the same clade with other classical PRV strains, indicating that this isolate might be a recombinant strain generated from the classical and variant strains. The results revealed the severe PRV epidemic in Yunnan Province and indicated that PRV variants are the major genotypes threatening the pig industry development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science & Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (J.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.H.); (J.X.); (P.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Juan Li
- Yunnan Sino-Science Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650501, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lin Gao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science & Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (J.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.H.); (J.X.); (P.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science & Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (J.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.H.); (J.X.); (P.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jiarui Xie
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science & Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (J.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.H.); (J.X.); (P.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science & Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (J.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.H.); (J.X.); (P.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xue Zhang
- Yunnan Sino-Science Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650501, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Luoyan Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shibiao Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science & Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (J.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.H.); (J.X.); (P.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Chunlian Song
- College of Animal Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xianghua Shu
- Yunnan Sino-Science Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650501, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao J, Zhu L, Xu L, Li F, Deng H, Huang Y, Gu S, Sun X, Zhou Y, Xu Z. The Construction and Immunogenicity Analyses of Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus With NADC30-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Like Particles Co-expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846079. [PMID: 35308386 PMCID: PMC8924499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and pseudorabies (PR) are highly infectious swine diseases and cause significant financial loss in China. The respiratory system and reproductive system are the main target systems. Previous studies showed that the existing PR virus (PRV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) commercial vaccines could not provide complete protection against PRV variant strains and NADC30-like PRRSV strains in China. In this study, the PRV variant strain XJ and NADC30-like PRRSV strain CHSCDJY-2019 are used as the parent for constructing a recombinant pseudorabies virus (rPRV)-NC56 with gE/gI/TK gene deletion and co-expressing NADC30-like PRRSV GP5 and M protein. The rPRV-NC56 proliferated stably in BHK-21 cells, and it could stably express GP5 and M protein. Due to the introduction of the self-cleaving 2A peptide, GP5 and M protein were able to express independently and form virus-like particles (VLPs) of PRRSV in rPRV-NC56-infected BHK-21 cells. The rPRV-NC56 is safe for use in mice; it can colonize and express the target protein in mouse lungs for a long time. Vaccination with rPRV-NC56 induces PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and protects 100% of mice from virulent PRV XJ strain. Furthermore, the virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) elicited by rPRV-NC56 showed significantly lower titer against SCNJ-2016 (HP-PRRSV) than that against CHSCDJY-2019 (NADC30-like PRRSV). Thus, rPRV-NC56 appears to be a promising candidate vaccine against NADC30-like PRRSV and PRV for the control and eradication of the variant PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianggang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren Q, Ren H, Gu J, Wang J, Jiang L, Gao S. The Epidemiological Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus and Pathogenicity of the Variant Strain in Shandong Province. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:806824. [PMID: 35310414 PMCID: PMC8924479 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.806824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR) is a disease that is seriously endangering the pig industry in China. To understand the current prevalence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) in Shandong Province, China, 19,292 serum samples were collected from 16 locations in Shandong from 2018 to 2020. The gE antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ninety-seven suspected cases of PRV infection were collected from sick pigs vaccinated with Bartha-K61 to isolate PRV. The results showed that the average positive rate of the PRV gE antibody decreased from 38.20% in 2018 to 18.12% in 2020, but there was a high positive rate in sows. The isolation rate of PRV was 13.40% (13/97), and four strains were purified through plaque assay (named PRV-SD1, PRV-SD2, PRV-SD3, and PRV-SD4). The homology and genetic evolution of four PRV strains based on gE, gC, gI, and TK genes were analyzed and showed that these four strains shared more than 99.0% nucleotide homology with the variant PRV XJ5 strain, and they clustered in the same sub-branch with the domestic variant PRV strains, including JS-2012 and XJ5. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of the isolated variant strain was assessed by intranasal infection of 16-week-old pigs with 1 mL PRV-SD1 strain. The results of the animal experiment demonstrated that the PRV-SD1–infected pigs exhibited obvious clinical symptoms as early as 2 days post inoculation (dpi), and all infected pigs died within 1 week. The severe hyperemia of meninges and swelling of lungs and tonsils were observed. Histopathology analysis showed the obvious lymphocytes necrosis of tonsils, interstitial pneumonia, and viral encephalitis. Many positive staining cells were observed in tonsils and brains through immunohistochemistry staining assay. Viral shedding in oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were detected at 2 dpi, reached a peak at 3 dpi, and then gradually decreased. The detection of viral loads in the tissues showed that tonsils had the highest virus titer, further proving it may be the target organ of variant PRV infection. In conclusion, variant PRV strains were still highly prevalent in Shandong Province, and they had a strong pathogenicity in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Dutch State Mines (DSM) Vitamin Co., Ltd. (Shandong), Liaocheng, China
| | - Jinyuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Song Gao
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun L, Tang Y, Yan K, Zhang H. Construction of a quadruple gene-deleted vaccine confers complete protective immunity against emerging PRV variant challenge in piglets. Virol J 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 35078501 PMCID: PMC8787898 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes Aujeszky’s disease or pseudorabies (PR) in pigs worldwide, which leads to heavy economic losses to the swine industry. Pigs are the natural host, meanwhile, animals such as dogs, cats, foxes, rabbits, cattle and sheep are susceptible to infection. In 2011, the emerging PRV variant led to the outbreak of PR in Bartha-K61 vaccinated pigs. The PR outbreaks demonstrated that the Bartha-K61 vaccine did not provide full protection against the emerging PRV variant. It is widely believed that PRV live attenuated vaccine could control PRV infection.
Methods
In this study, we developed a novel PRV live attenuated vaccine by deleting its gI, gE, US9, and US2 genes through CRISPR/Cas9, which was named PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2.
Results
Safety experiments confirmed that PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 was safe for 5- to 7-day-old suckling piglets. Piglets immunized with the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine did not produce PRV gE-specific antibodies but could generate PRV gB-specific antibodies and high neutralizing titers against the PRV GDFS strain (variant PRV strain) or PRV Ea strain (older PRV strain). After challenge with the emerging PRV GDFS variant, none of the piglets immunized with the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine showed any clinical signs, and their rectal temperatures were normal. Moreover, the autopsy and histopathological analyses revealed that the piglets in the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine group did not show apparent gross or pathological lesions. Furthermore, the piglets in the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine groups did not present weight loss. According to the criteria of the OIE terrestrial manual, the results of the experiment confirmed that the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine could provide full protection against the emerging PRV variant strain in piglets.
Conclusions
The PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 strain is a potential new live attenuated vaccine against emerging PRV variant strain infections in China.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin Y, Tan L, Wang C, He S, Fang L, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Zhang K, Liu D, Yang Q, Wang A. Serological Investigation and Genetic Characteristics of Pseudorabies Virus in Hunan Province of China From 2016 to 2020. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:762326. [PMID: 34977207 PMCID: PMC8716618 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.762326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), caused by variant pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an economically important viral disease in China. Recently, PRV infection in humans has also received attention worldwide. To investigate the PRV infection in Hunan province, China, we collected a total of 18,138 serum specimens from 808 PRV-vaccinated pig farms cross this region during 2016–2020, and we detected the presence of PRV glycoprotein B (gB) and gE-specific antibodies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results revealed that 80.47% (14,596/18,138, 95 CI 79.9–81.0) and 23.55% (4,271/18,138, 95 CI 22.9–24.2) of serum samples were positive for PRV gB and gE-specific antibodies, respectively. Further analysis indicated that the seroprevalence of wild PRV infection was associated with the season and breeding scale (p < 0.01). In addition, five PRV strains were isolated from PRV-positive samples in Vero cells and the virus titers varied from 106.5 to 107.51 TCID50/0.1 ml. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that one isolate was a classical strain of PRV genotype II, and four other isolates belonged to the variants of genotype II. Collectively, the data indicate that the prevalence of PRV remains high in pigs in Hunan province, and the variant PRV strains are the major genotypes affecting the development of the pig industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Shicheng He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- School of Public Administration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,PCB Biotechnology LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng HH, Bai YL, Xu T, Zheng LL, Li XS, Chen HY, Wang ZY. Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Reemerging Pseudorabies Virus Within Pig Populations in Central China During 2012 to 2019. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:764982. [PMID: 34869736 PMCID: PMC8635136 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.764982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the biological characteristics of the reemerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains, a total of 392 tissue samples were collected from diseased pigs during reemerging PR outbreaks between 2012 and 2019 on farms in central China where swine had been immunized with Bartha-K61 and 51 (13. 01%) were positive for the gE gene by PCR. Sixteen PRV strains were isolated and caused clinical symptoms and death in mice. Subsequently, gE, gC, gB, and gD complete genes were amplified from the 16 PRV isolates and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on these four gene sequences shows that the 16 PRV isolates were more closely related to the Chinese PRV variants (after 2012) but genetically differed from early Chinese PRV isolates (before 2012). Sequence analysis reveals that PRV isolates exhibited amino acid insertions, substitutions, or deletions compared with early Chinese PRV isolates and European–American PRV strains. In addition, this is the first report that eight isolates (8/16) in this study harbor a unique amino acid substitution at position 280 (F to L) of the gC protein, and six isolates have an amino acid substitution at position 338 (A to V) of the gD protein compared with the Chinese PRV variants. The emulsion containing inactivated PRV NY isolate could provide complete protection against the NY isolate. This study might enrich our understanding of the evolution of reemerging PRV strains as well as pave the way for finding a model virus to develop a novel vaccine based on reemerging PRV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao D, Yang B, Yuan X, Shen C, Zhang D, Shi X, Zhang T, Cui H, Yang J, Chen X, Hao Y, Zheng H, Zhang K, Liu X. Advanced Research in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Co-infection With Other Pathogens in Swine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:699561. [PMID: 34513970 PMCID: PMC8426627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.699561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the pathogen causing epidemics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and is present in every major swine-farming country in the world. Previous studies have demonstrated that PRRSV infection leads to a range of consequences, such as persistent infection, secondary infection, and co-infection, and is common among pigs in the field. In recent years, coinfection of PRRSV and other porcine pathogens has occurred often, making it more difficult to define and diagnose PRRSV-related diseases. The study of coinfections may be extremely suitable for the current prevention and control in the field. However, there is a limited understanding of coinfection. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on the epidemiology of PRRSV coinfection with other pathogens in swine, both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengshuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huimei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Han H, Liu W, Li S, Guo D. Diagnosis and gI antibody dynamics of pseudorabies virus in an intensive pig farm in Hei Longjiang Province. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e23. [PMID: 33774939 PMCID: PMC8007445 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudorabies (PR), caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an endemic disease in some regions of China. Although there are many reports on epidemiological investigations into pseudorabies, information on PRV gI antibody dynamics in one pig farm is sparse. Objectives To diagnose PR and analyze the course of PR eradication in one pig farm. Methods Ten brains and 1,513 serum samples from different groups of pigs in a pig farm were collected to detect PRV gE gene and PRV gI antibody presence using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results The July 2015 results indicated that almost all brain samples were PRV gE gene positive, but PRV gI antibody results in the serum samples of the same piglets were all negative. In the boar herd, from October 2015 to July 2018 three positive individuals were culled in October 2015, and the negative status of the remaining boars was maintained in the following tests. In the sow herd, the PRV gI antibody positive rate was always more than 70% from October 2015 to October 2017; however, it decreased to 27% in January 2018 but increased to 40% and 52% in April and July 2018, respectively. The PRV gI antibody positive rate in 100-day pigs markedly decreased in October 2016 and was maintained at less than 30% in the following tests. For 150-day pigs, the PRV gI antibody positive rate decreased notably to 10% in April 2017 and maintained a negative status from July 2017. The positive trend of PRV gI antibody with an increase in pig age remarkably decreased in three tests in 2018. Conclusions The results indicate that serological testing is not sensitive in the early stage of a PRV infection and that gilt introduction is a risk factor for a PRV-negative pig farm. The data on PRV gI antibody dynamics can provide reference information for pig farms wanting to eradicate PR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Gaoxin District, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163319, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hei Longjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, Hei Longjiang 150038, China
| | - Huansheng Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Gaoxin District, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163319, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hei Longjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, Hei Longjiang 150038, China
| | - Wanning Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Gaoxin District, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163319, China
| | - Shinian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Gaoxin District, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163319, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Gaoxin District, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163319, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng HH, Jin Y, Hou CY, Li XS, Zhao L, Wang ZY, Chen HY. Seroprevalence investigation and genetic analysis of pseudorabies virus within pig populations in Henan province of China during 2018-2019. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 92:104835. [PMID: 33798759 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In late 2011, the outbreak of pseudorabies (PR) occurred in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig farms and spread rapidly to many provinces of China, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. A total of 4708 pig serum samples from Henan province during 2018-2019 were collected to screen for the presence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) gE-specific antibodies, and phylogenetic analysis based on the gE gene of PRV was performed. Of the 4708 serum samples tested, 30.14% (1419/4708) were seropositive for PRV antibodies, based on PRV gE-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with slaughterhouses having the highest seroprevalence. The seropositive rates of PRV also varied with the region and the season. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three PRV isolates from this study were clustered in an independent branch together with the Chinese variant PRV strains (after 2012), and had a closer genetic relationship with the Chinese variant PRV strains, but differed genetically from the 4 early Chinese PRV strains and 4 European-American strains. This study suggests that three PRV isolates may belong to PRV variants, and the development of a novel vaccine against PRV variants is particularly urgent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yao Hou
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma Z, Han Z, Liu Z, Meng F, Wang H, Cao L, Li Y, Jiao Q, Liu S, Liu M. Epidemiological investigation of porcine pseudorabies virus and its coinfection rate in Shandong Province in China from 2015 to 2018. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e36. [PMID: 32476312 PMCID: PMC7263908 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudorabies, also known as Aujeszky's disease, is caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) and has been recognized as a critical disease affecting the pig industry and a wide range of animals around the world, resulting in great economic losses each year. Shandong province, one of the most vital food animal-breeding regions in China, has a very dense pig population, within which pseudorabies infections were detected in recent years. The data, however, on PRV epidemiology and coinfection rates of PRV with other major swine diseases is sparse. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the PRV epidemiology in Shandong and analyze the current control measures. METHODS In this study, a total number of 16,457 serum samples and 1,638 tissue samples, which were collected from 362 intensive pig farms (≥ 300 sows/farm) covered all cities in Shandong, were tested by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Overall, 52.7% and 91.5% of the serum samples were positive for PRV-gE and -gB, respectively, based on ELISA results. In addition, 15.7% of the tissue samples were PCR positive for PRV. The coinfection rates of PRV with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and classical swine fever virus were measured; coinfection with PCV2 was 35.0%, higher than those of the other two viruses. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were observed in various tissues during histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the PRV prevalence and its coinfection rates in Shandong province and indicate that pseudorabies is endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides epidemiological data that can be useful in the prevention and control of pseudorabies in Shandong, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zifeng Han
- Emergency Centre for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Zhaohu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Longlong Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qiulin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.,Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Wu H, Wang B, Qi H, Jin Z, Qiu HJ, Sun Y. A NanoLuc Luciferase Reporter Pseudorabies Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:566446. [PMID: 33195544 PMCID: PMC7537659 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.566446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), also known as Aujeszky's disease, is an acute infectious disease of pigs, resulting in significant economic losses to the pig industry in many countries. Since 2011, PR outbreaks have occurred in many Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig farms in China. The emerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants possess higher pathogenicity in pigs and mice than the strains isolated before. Here, a recombinant PRV (rPRVTJ-NLuc) stably expressing the NanoLuc (NLuc) luciferase fusion with the red fluorescent protein (DsRed) was constructed to trace viral replication and spread in mice. Moreover, both DsRed and NLuc luciferases were stably expressed in the infected cells, and there was no significant difference between wild-type and recombinant viruses in both growth kinetics and pathogenicity. Seven-week-old BALB/c mice were infected with 103 50% tissue culture infective dose rPRVTJ-NLuc and subjected to daily imaging. The mice infected with rPRVTJ-NLuc displayed robust bioluminescence that started 4 days postinfection (dpi), bioluminescence signal increased over time, peaked at 5 dpi, remained detectable for at least 6 dpi, and disappeared at 7 dpi, meanwhile, the increased flux accompanied by the spread of the virus from the injection site to the superior respiratory tract. However, the signal was also observed in the spinal cord, trigeminal ganglion, and partial region of the brain from separated tissues, not in living mice. Our results depicted a new approach to rapidly access the replication and pathogenicity of emerging PRVs in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hansong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen M, Liu M, Liu S, Shang Y. HoBi-like pestivirus infection leads to bovine death and severe respiratory disease in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1069-1074. [PMID: 32926568 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
HoBi-like pestivirus is an emerging atypical pestivirus in cattle and small ruminants, causing clinical signs similar to those observed in bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections. Natural infection of HoBi-like pestivirus has been reported in cattle herds and small ruminants in multiple countries in South America, Europe and Asia. However, HoBi-like pestiviruses were only identified from contaminated bovine serum and small ruminants in China. So far, no clinical cases induced by HoBi-like pestivirus infection were reported in Chinese cattle herds. Here, for the first time, we reported natural infection of HoBi-like pestivirus in a cattle herd in China. Sick cattle with severe respiratory and diarrhoea and high fatality rate were found in a beef cattle herd in Shandong province in November 2017. RT-PCR, viral isolation, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the primary causative agent was HoBi-like pestivirus. The isolated HoBi-like pestivirus strain, SDJN-China-2019, shared 94.1%-97.5% homology with the LV168-20_16RN strain from Brazil in nucleotide of 5'UTR, Npro and E2 while it shared only 88.5%-92.1% homology with Asian HoBi-like virus strain Th/04-Khonkaen. Multiple unique mutations of amino acid were observed in Npro and E2 proteins of SDJN-China-2019, which were different from that of other reference strains. In summary, this study provides the first evidence of HoBi-like pestivirus infection in Chinese cattle herds, raising potential threat to the cattle industry in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Institute of Immunology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fan S, Yuan H, Liu L, Li H, Wang S, Zhao W, Wu Y, Wang P, Hu Y, Han J, Lyu Y, Zhang W, Chen P, Wu H, Gong Y, Ma Z, Li Y, Yu J, Qiao X, Li G, Zhao Y, Wang D, Ren H, Peng B, Cui L, Wang J, Guan H. Pseudorabies virus encephalitis in humans: a case series study. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:556-564. [PMID: 32572833 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is known to cause severe encephalitis in juvenile pigs and various non-native hosts; recent evidences suggest that PRV might cause encephalitis in humans. In a multicenter cohort study in China, next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed to detect pathogens in all patients with clinically suspected central nervous system infections. This study involved all the patients whose CSF samples were positive for PRV-DNA; their clinical features were evaluated, and species-specific PCR and serological tests were sequentially applied for validation. Among the 472 patients tested from June 1, 2016, to December 1, 2018, six were positive for PRV-DNA, which were partially validated by PCR and serological tests. Additionally, we retrospectively examined another case with similar clinical and neuroimaging appearance and detected the presence of PRV-DNA. These patients had similar clinical manifestations, including a rapid progression of panencephalitis, and similar neuroimaging features of symmetric lesions in the basal ganglia and bilateral hemispheres. Six of the patients were engaged in occupations connected with swine production. PRV infection should be suspected in patients with rapidly progressive panencephalitis and characteristic neuroimaging features, especially with exposure to swine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- Basal Ganglia/diagnostic imaging
- Basal Ganglia/pathology
- Basal Ganglia/virology
- Cerebrum/diagnostic imaging
- Cerebrum/pathology
- Cerebrum/virology
- China
- DNA, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Viral/pathology
- Encephalitis, Viral/virology
- Female
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/growth & development
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/pathogenicity
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Meat/virology
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Pseudorabies/cerebrospinal fluid
- Pseudorabies/diagnosis
- Pseudorabies/pathology
- Pseudorabies/virology
- Swine
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongxun Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lyu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglong Wu
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzi Ma
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - JiaoJiao Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Ren
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Hongzhi Guan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao Y, Wang LQ, Zheng HH, Yang YR, Liu F, Zheng LL, Jin Y, Chen HY. Construction and immunogenicity of a gE/gI/TK-deleted PRV based on porcine pseudorabies virus variant. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101605. [PMID: 32464159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR) caused by re-emerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant has outbroken among PRV vaccine-immunized swine herds on many Chinese pig farms, with severe socioeconomic consequences since late 2011. Here, a gE/gI/TK-deleted recombinant virus (rPRV NY-gE-/gI-/TK-) was constructed based on PRV NY strain from 2012 through homologous DNA recombination and gene-editing technology termed clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas9) system. The rPRV NY-gE-/gI-/TK- strain showed similar growth kinetics to the parental PRV NY strain in vitro, and was safe for mice. Sixty mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) twice with 106.0 TCID50 of rPRV NY-gE-/gI-/TK- and DMEM, respectively, with two-week interval. The levels of PRV gB antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against PRV NY in mice immunized with rPRV NY-gE-/gI-/TK- were higher than those in the DMEM control group. The number of T lymphocyte subclasses CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in rPRV NY-gE-/gI-/TK--immunized mice was higher than that in DMEM-injected mice. After challenge with 106.0 TCID50 PRV NY at 42 dpi, all rPRV NY-gE-/gI-/TK--immunized mice survived without exhibiting any pathological lesions in different tissues and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions of the brain, and the viral genomic copy numbers in various organs of mice were obviously lower than DMEM group. These results showed the rPRV NY-gE-/gI-/TK- could be a promising next-generation vaccine to control now epidemic PR in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qing Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Life Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hua Zheng
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Yang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou H, Pan Y, Liu M, Han Z. Prevalence of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus and Its Coinfection Rate in Heilongjiang Province in China from 2013 to 2018. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:550-554. [PMID: 32397944 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR) is a highly contagious disease affecting a wide range of animals, which annually causes great economic losses in China. In this study, a total number of 18,815 serum samples and 1,589 tissue samples were collected from 311 intensive pig farms (≥350 sows) located in eight cities in Heilongjiang province, and tested by ELISA and PCR. Overall, the serum positive rates of gE and gB protein were 16.3% and 84.5%, respectively. The PCR-positive rate of PR virus (PRV) in tissue samples was 17.8%. The coinfection rates of PRV with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were also measured. The rate of PRV coinfected with PRRSV was 36.0% followed by 12.9% with PCV2 and 1.8% with CSFV, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate PRV prevalence and its coinfection rate in Heilongjiang province, indicating high PR endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides data for further epidemiological investigations and a reference for developing PRV control strategies in this region and in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Animal Health and Diagnostic Center of CP Group, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zifeng Han
- Emergency Centre for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin J, Li Z, Feng Z, Fang Z, Chen J, Chen W, Liang W, Chen Q. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) strain with defects in gE, gC, and TK genes protects piglets against an emerging PRV variant. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:846-855. [PMID: 32336701 PMCID: PMC7324833 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of an emerging variant of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been causing
serious losses to farmers in China. Moreover, the commercially available PRV vaccine often
fails to provide thorough protection. Therefore, in this study, we generated a
PRV-∆gC\gE∆TK strain with defects in gC, gE, and TK of PRV. Compared to the parental PRV
strain and the single gene deletion strains (PRV-∆gC, PRV-∆gE, and PRV-∆TK), PRV-∆gC\gE∆TK
grew slowly, and exhibited fewer and smaller plaques on swine testis (ST) cells.
Furthermore, animal experiment results showed that mice that were immunized
intramuscularly with PRV-∆gC\gE∆TK, survived throughout the experiment with no observed
clinical symptoms, and were completely protected against PRV challenge. Additionally,
deletion of the gC, gE, and TK genes significantly alleviated viral damage in the brain.
Furthermore, one-day-old weaned piglets immunized intramuscularly with PRV-∆gC\gE∆TK
elicited higher levels of gB antibodies against both the emerging PRV variant and the
parental PRV, exhibited full protection against challenge with both variants, and showed
neutralization capacity against PRV. These data suggest that PRV-∆gC\gE∆TK is a promising
vaccine candidate for the control of pseudorabies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350117.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin'an District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350013
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin'an District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350013
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350117
| | - Zhou Fang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350117
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350117
| | - Wengzhi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350117
| | - Wangwang Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350117
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, 350117
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus related to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). PRV is the causative agent of Aujeskzy’s disease in swine. PRV infects mucosal epithelium and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of its host where it can establish a quiescent, latent infection. While the natural host of PRV is the swine, a broad spectrum of mammals, including rodents, cats, dogs, and cattle can be infected. Since the nineteenth century, PRV infection is known to cause a severe acute neuropathy, the so called “mad itch” in non-natural hosts, but surprisingly not in swine. In the past, most scientific efforts have been directed to eradicating PRV from pig farms by the use of effective marker vaccines, but little attention has been given to the processes leading to the mad itch. The main objective of this review is to provide state-of-the-art information on the mechanisms governing PRV-induced neuropathic itch in non-natural hosts. We highlight similarities and key differences in the pathogenesis of PRV infections between non-natural hosts and pigs that might explain their distinctive clinical outcomes. Current knowledge on the neurobiology and possible explanations for the unstoppable itch experienced by PRV-infected animals is also reviewed. We summarize recent findings concerning PRV-induced neuroinflammatory responses in mice and address the relevance of this animal model to study other alphaherpesvirus-induced neuropathies, such as those observed for VZV infection.
Collapse
|
23
|
Xue Q, Xu H, Liu H, Pan J, Yang J, Sun M, Chen Y, Xu W, Cai X, Ma H. Epitope-Containing Short Peptides Capture Distinct IgG Serodynamics That Enable Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals for Live-Attenuated Vaccines. J Virol 2020; 94:e01573-19. [PMID: 31896600 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01573-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies have been central enabling techniques in several successful viral disease elimination programs. However, owing to their long and uncertain development process, no DIVA-compatible vaccines are available for many important diseases. We report herein a new DIVA strategy based on hybrid protein-peptide microarrays which can theoretically work with any vaccine. Leading from our findings from peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus, we found 4 epitope-containing short peptides (ECSPs) which have distinct IgG serodynamics: anti-ECSP IgGs only exist for 10 to 60 days postvaccination (dpv), while anti-protein IgGs remained at high levels for >1,000 dpv. These data enabled the design of a DIVA diagnostic microarray containing 4 ECSPs and 3 proteins, which, unlike competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and virus neutralization tests (VNTs), enables ongoing monitoring of serological differences between vaccinated individuals and individuals exposed to the pathogen. For 25 goats after 60 dpv, 13 were detected with positive anti-ECSP IgGs, indicating recent infections in vaccinated goat herds. These DIVA diagnostic microarrays will almost certainly facilitate eradication programs for (re)emerging pathogens and zoonoses.IMPORTANCE Outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as pseudorabies (PR), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and PPR viruses, led to economic losses reaching billions of dollars. Both PR and FMD were eliminated in several countries via large-scale vaccination programs using DIVA-compatible vaccines, which lack the gE protein and nonstructural proteins, respectively. However, there are still extensive challenges facing the development and deployment of DIVA-compatible vaccines because they are time-consuming and full of uncertainty. Further, the negative marker strategy used for DIVA-compatible vaccines is no longer functional for live-attenuated vaccines. To avoid these disadvantageous scenarios, a new strategy is desired. Here, we made the exciting discovery that different IgG serodynamics can be monitored when using protein-based assays versus arrays comprising ECSPs. This DIVA microarray strategy should, in theory, work for any vaccine.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng Z, Kong Z, Liu P, Fu Z, Zhang J, Liu M, Shang Y. Natural infection of a variant pseudorabies virus leads to bovine death in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:518-522. [PMID: 31755647 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infects numerous species of domestic and wild animals leading to severe diseases especially in swine and cattle. Since 2011, the variant PRVs were identified in pigs, which were genetically different from classic strains. Although variant PRV infection is widely observed in pigs, there is still no report of variant PRV infection in cattle. Here, we reported a natural infection of variant PRV leading to acute bovine death in Eastern China. Our study suggests that the new variant PRV strains could be a potential threat to cattle industry and possibly to the public health of human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengjie Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhendong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Institute of Immunology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang X, Guan H, Li C, Li Y, Wang S, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Characteristics of human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus: A case series study. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 87:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|