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Zou Z, Ji Y, Schwaneberg U. Empowering Site-Specific Bioconjugations In Vitro and In Vivo: Advances in Sortase Engineering and Sortase-Mediated Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310910. [PMID: 38081121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sortase-mediated ligation (SML) has emerged as a powerful and versatile methodology for site-specific protein conjugation, functionalization/labeling, immobilization, and design of biohybrid molecules and systems. However, the broader application of SML faces several challenges, such as limited activity and stability, dependence on calcium ions, and reversible reactions caused by nucleophilic side-products. Over the past decade, protein engineering campaigns and particularly directed evolution, have been extensively employed to overcome sortase limitations, thereby expanding the potential application of SML in multiple directions, including therapeutics, biorthogonal chemistry, biomaterials, and biosensors. This review provides an overview of achieved advancements in sortase engineering and highlights recent progress in utilizing SML in combination with other state-of-the-art chemical and biological methodologies. The aim is to encourage scientists to employ sortases in their conjugation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Biotechnology, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Ji
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Biotechnology, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Biotechnology, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Gall CLM, Fennemann FL, Van Der Schoot JMS, Scheeren FA, Verdoes M. CRISPR/Cas9-based Engineering of Immunoglobulin Loci in Hybridoma Cells. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4613. [PMID: 36845533 PMCID: PMC9947551 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the hybridoma technology by Köhler and Milstein (1975) has revolutionized the immunological field by enabling routine use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in research and development efforts, resulting in their successful application in the clinic today. While recombinant good manufacturing practices production technologies are required to produce clinical grade mAbs, academic laboratories and biotechnology companies still rely on the original hybridoma lines to stably and effortlessly produce high antibody yields at a modest price. In our own work, we were confronted with a major issue when using hybridoma-derived mAbs: there was no control over the antibody format that was produced, a flexibility that recombinant production does allow. We set out to remove this hurdle by genetically engineering antibodies directly in the immunoglobulin (Ig) locus of hybridoma cells. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and homology-directed repair (HDR) to modify antibody's format [mAb or antigen-binding fragment (Fab')] and isotype. This protocol describes a straightforward approach, with little hands-on time, leading to stable cell lines secreting high levels of engineered antibodies. Parental hybridoma cells are maintained in culture, transfected with a guide RNA (gRNA) targeting the site of interest in the Ig locus and an HDR template to knock in the desired insert and an antibiotic resistance gene. By applying antibiotic pressure, resistant clones are expanded and characterized at the genetic and protein level for their ability to produce modified mAbs instead of the parental protein. Finally, the modified antibody is characterized in functional assays. To demonstrate the versatility of our strategy, we illustrate this protocol with examples where we have (i) exchanged the constant heavy region of the antibody, creating chimeric mAb of a novel isotype, (ii) truncated the antibody to create an antigenic peptide-fused Fab' fragment to produce a dendritic cell-targeted vaccine, and (iii) modified both the constant heavy (CH)1 domain of the heavy chain (HC) and the constant kappa (Cκ) light chain (LC) to introduce site-selective modification tags for further derivatization of the purified protein. Only standard laboratory equipment is required, which facilitates its application across various labs. We hope that this protocol will further disseminate our technology and help other researchers. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Le M. Gall
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix L. Fennemann
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M. S. Van Der Schoot
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A. Scheeren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands,*For correspondence: ;
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*For correspondence: ;
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van Elsas MJ, van der Schoot JMS, Bartels A, Steuten K, van Dalen D, Wijfjes Z, Figdor CG, van Hall T, van der Burg SH, Verdoes M, Scheeren FA. Regulatory T Cell Depletion Using a CRISPR Fc-Optimized CD25 Antibody. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8707. [PMID: 35955841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major drivers behind immunosuppressive mechanisms and present a major hurdle for cancer therapy. Tregs are characterized by a high expression of CD25, which is a potentially valuable target for Treg depletion to alleviate immune suppression. The preclinical anti-CD25 (αCD25) antibody, clone PC-61, has met with modest anti-tumor activity due to its capacity to clear Tregs from the circulation and lymph nodes, but not those that reside in the tumor. The optimization of the Fc domain of this antibody clone has been shown to enhance the intratumoral Treg depletion capacity. Here, we generated a stable cell line that produced optimized recombinant Treg-depleting antibodies. A genome engineering strategy in which CRISPR-Cas9 was combined with homology-directed repair (CRISPR-HDR) was utilized to optimize the Fc domain of the hybridoma PC-61 for effector functions by switching it from its original rat IgG1 to a mouse IgG2a isotype. In a syngeneic tumor mouse model, the resulting αCD25-m2a (mouse IgG2a isotype) antibody mediated the effective depletion of tumor-resident Tregs, leading to a high effector T cell (Teff) to Treg ratio. Moreover, a combination of αCD25-m2a and an αPD-L1 treatment augmented tumor eradication in mice, demonstrating the potential for αCD25 as a cancer immunotherapy.
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Oghalaie A, Mahboudi F, Rahimi-Jamnani F, Piri-Gavgani S, Kazemi-Lomedasht F, Hassanzadeh Eskafi A, Shahbazzadeh D, Adeli A, Talebkhan Y, Behdani M. Development and characterization of single domain monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death ligand-1; as a cancer inhibitor candidate. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2022; 25:313-319. [PMID: 35656179 PMCID: PMC9148396 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62522.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives One of the important interactions in controlling the human immune system is the reaction between checkpoint proteins such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1. These are negative immunoregulatory molecules that promote immune evasion of tumor cells. PD-L1 expression is an immune-mediated mechanism used by various malignant cells in order to down-regulate the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are a new class of anti-cancer agents that stimulate immune cells to elicit an antitumor response by blocking the ligand and receptor interactions. Nanobody (Nb) as a new type of antibody fragment, has some potential as CPI. Materials and Methods A female camel was immunized with recombinant PD-L1 protein, nanobody library was constructed and PD-L1 specific Nb was selected. The selected Nb was characterized in terms of affinity, specificity, and binding potency in ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results Developed nanobody, A22 binds to its cognate target with high specificity and affinity. Western blot and flow cytometry techniques showed that nanobody A22 was able to specifically detect and attach to human PD-L1 protein on the cell surface and in the cell lysate. MTT assay showed the inhibitory effect of PD-L1 by specific Nb on A431 and HEK293 cells, with no cytotoxic effect on cell growth. Conclusion The results highlighted the potential of anti-PD-L1 Nb as a novel therapeutic in cancer therapy without undesirable cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Oghalaie
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Piri-Gavgani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ; Mahdi Behdani. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ;
| | - Ayda Hassanzadeh Eskafi
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Adeli
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Talebkhan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran,Corresponding authors: Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ; Mahdi Behdani. Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ;
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5
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Hagemans IM, Wierstra PJ, Steuten K, Molkenboer-Kuenen JDM, van Dalen D, Ter Beest M, van der Schoot JMS, Ilina O, Gotthardt M, Figdor CG, Scheeren FA, Heskamp S, Verdoes M. Multiscale imaging of therapeutic anti-PD-L1 antibody localization using molecularly defined imaging agents. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:64. [PMID: 35109860 PMCID: PMC8811974 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-L1 antibodies have revolutionized cancer treatment, only subgroups of patients show durable responses. Insight in the relation between clinical response, PD-L1 expression and intratumoral localization of PD-L1 therapeutics could improve patient stratification. Therefore, we present the modular synthesis of multimodal antibody-based imaging tools for multiscale imaging of PD-L1 to study intratumoral distribution of PD-L1 therapeutics. RESULTS To introduce imaging modalities, a peptide containing a near-infrared dye (sulfo-Cy5), a chelator (DTPA), an azide, and a sortase-recognition motif was synthesized. This peptide and a non-fluorescent intermediate were used for site-specific functionalization of c-terminally sortaggable mouse IgG1 (mIgG1) and Fab anti-PD-L1. To increase the half-life of the Fab fragment, a 20 kDa PEG chain was attached via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed with 111In-labeled constructs in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Comparing our site-specific antibody-conjugates with randomly conjugated antibodies, we found that antibody clone, isotype and method of DTPA conjugation did not change tumor uptake. Furthermore, addition of sulfo-Cy5 did not affect the biodistribution. PEGylated Fab fragment displayed a significantly longer half-life compared to unPEGylated Fab and demonstrated the highest overall tumor uptake of all constructs. PD-L1 in tumors was clearly visualized by SPECT/CT, as well as whole body fluorescence imaging. Immunohistochemistry staining of tumor sections demonstrated that PD-L1 co-localized with the fluorescent and autoradiographic signal. Intratumoral localization of the imaging agent could be determined with cellular resolution using fluorescent microscopy. CONCLUSIONS A set of molecularly defined multimodal antibody-based PD-L1 imaging agents were synthesized and validated for multiscale monitoring of PD-L1 expression and localization. Our modular approach for site-specific functionalization could easily be adapted to other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M Hagemans
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Wierstra
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kas Steuten
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke D M Molkenboer-Kuenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Duco van Dalen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M S van der Schoot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Ilina
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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6
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van Lith SAM, Raavé R. Targets in nuclear medicine imaging: Past, present and future. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
![]()
Native mass spectrometry
(MS) involves the analysis and characterization
of macromolecules, predominantly intact proteins and protein complexes,
whereby as much as possible the native structural features of the
analytes are retained. As such, native MS enables the study of secondary,
tertiary, and even quaternary structure of proteins and other biomolecules.
Native MS represents a relatively recent addition to the analytical
toolbox of mass spectrometry and has over the past decade experienced
immense growth, especially in enhancing sensitivity and resolving
power but also in ease of use. With the advent of dedicated mass analyzers,
sample preparation and separation approaches, targeted fragmentation
techniques, and software solutions, the number of practitioners and
novel applications has risen in both academia and industry. This review
focuses on recent developments, particularly in high-resolution native
MS, describing applications in the structural analysis of protein
assemblies, proteoform profiling of—among others—biopharmaceuticals
and plasma proteins, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of
protein–ligand interactions, with the latter covering lipid,
drug, and carbohydrate molecules, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A den Boer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Schibeci Natoli Scialli N, Colitti B, Bertolotti L, Pezzoni G, Martignani E, Melega M, Brocchi E, Rosati S. Genome editing of a hybridoma cell line via the CRISPR/Cas9 system: A new approach for constitutive high-level expression of heterologous proteins in eukaryotic system. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 238:110286. [PMID: 34171554 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The power of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing in many fields of biology. These applications have expanded exponentially over recent years, including those regarding protein expression technologies. The CRISPR/Cas9 system avoids random integration of the gene of interest and due to this characteristic can be exploited to obtain a stable cell line for the high-yield expression of recombinant proteins. Here we propose a method to edit a hybridoma cell line for the constitutive expression of proteins of interest using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. First, with the scope of optimizing the method, we replaced part of the light chain of immunoglobulin with the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene, obtaining a precise knock-in in the hybridoma genome. We confirmed the expression and secretion of GFP into the culture medium via fluorimetric analysis, as well as correct genome editing by RNA sequencing. Then, using the same approach, we included the gene encoding a protein of diagnostic interest, the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein E, in the donor DNA. We obtained a stable clone able to secrete gE protein in fusion with GFP into the culture medium. This result was confirmed by ELISA and Western Blot analysis. This study confirms the suitability of this cell line for the production of proteins of diagnostic interest by stable gene expression in a mammalian system. These experiments will enable the technique to be developed from its proof of concept to more specific applications in the field of infectious disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 7, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Maverick Melega
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 7, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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9
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Le Gall CM, van der Schoot JMS, Ramos-Tomillero I, Khalily MP, van Dalen FJ, Wijfjes Z, Smeding L, van Dalen D, Cammarata A, Bonger KM, Figdor CG, Scheeren FA, Verdoes M. Dual Site-Specific Chemoenzymatic Antibody Fragment Conjugation Using CRISPR-Based Hybridoma Engineering. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:301-310. [PMID: 33476135 PMCID: PMC7898269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Functionalized antibodies
and antibody fragments have found applications
in the fields of biomedical imaging, theranostics, and antibody–drug
conjugates (ADC). In addition, therapeutic and theranostic approaches
benefit from the possibility to deliver more than one type of cargo
to target cells, further challenging stochastic labeling strategies.
Thus, bioconjugation methods to reproducibly obtain defined homogeneous
conjugates bearing multiple different cargo molecules, without compromising
target affinity, are in demand. Here, we describe a straightforward
CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy to rapidly engineer hybridoma cells to
secrete Fab′ fragments bearing two distinct site-specific labeling
motifs, which can be separately modified by two different sortase
A mutants. We show that sequential genetic editing of the heavy chain
(HC) and light chain (LC) loci enables the generation of a stable
cell line that secretes a dual tagged Fab′ molecule (DTFab′),
which can be easily isolated. To demonstrate feasibility, we functionalized
the DTFab′ with two distinct cargos in a site-specific manner.
This technology platform will be valuable in the development of multimodal
imaging agents, theranostics, and next-generation ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Le Gall
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M S van der Schoot
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iván Ramos-Tomillero
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Melek Parlak Khalily
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J van Dalen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zacharias Wijfjes
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Liyan Smeding
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Duco van Dalen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Cammarata
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Temming AR, Bentlage AEH, de Taeye SW, Bosman GP, Lissenberg-Thunnissen SN, Derksen NIL, Brasser G, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, Howie HL, Zimring JC, Vidarsson G. Cross-reactivity of mouse IgG subclasses to human Fc gamma receptors: Antibody deglycosylation only eliminates IgG2b binding. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:79-86. [PMID: 32947169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are important for protection against pathogens and exert effector functions through binding to IgG-Fc receptors (FcγRs) on myeloid and natural killer cells, resulting in destruction of opsonized target cells. Despite interspecies differences, IgG subclasses and FcγRs show substantial similarities and functional conservation between mammals. Accordingly, binding of human IgG (hIgG) to mouse FcγRs (mFcγRs) has been utilized to study effector functions of hIgG in mice. In other applications, such as immunostaining with mouse IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), these cross-reactivities are undesired and prone to misinterpretation. Despite this drawback, the binding of mouse IgG (mIgG) subclasses to human FcγR (hFcγR) classes has never been fully documented. Here, we report detailed and quantifiable characterization of binding affinities for all mIgG subclasses to hFcγRs, including functional polymorphic variants. mIgG subclasses show the strongest binding to hFcγRIa, with relative affinities mIgG2a = mIgG2c > mIgG3 >> mIgG2b, and no binding by mIgG1. hFcγRIIa/b showed general low reactivities to all mIgG (mIgG1> mIgG2a/c > mIgG2b), with no reactivity to mIgG3. A particularly high affinity was observed for mIgG1 to the hFcγRIIa-R131 polymorphic variant. hFcγRIIIa showed lower binding (mIgG2a/c > mIgG3), slightly favouring binding to the hFcγRIIIa-V158 over the F158 polymorphic variant. No binding was observed of mIgG to hFcγRIIIb. Deglycosylation of mIgG1 did not abrogate binding to hFcγRIIa-R131, nor did deglycosylation of mIgG2a/c and mIgG3 prevent hFcγRIa binding. Importantly, deglycosylation of the least cross-reactive mIgG subclass, mIgG2b, abrogated reactivity to all hFcγRs. Together, these data document for the first time the full spectrum of cross-reactivities of mouse IgG to human FcγRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Robin Temming
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof P Bosman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne N Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Heather L Howie
- Department of Pathology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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