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Yan L, Huang J, An Z, Zhang Q, Zhou B. Spatiotemporal control of photochromic upconversion through interfacial energy transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1923. [PMID: 38429262 PMCID: PMC10907698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic control of multi-photon upconversion with rich and tunable emission colors is stimulating extensive interest in both fundamental research and frontier applications of lanthanide based materials. However, manipulating photochromic upconversion towards color-switchable emissions of a single lanthanide emitter is still challenging. Here, we report a conceptual model to realize the spatiotemporal control of upconversion dynamics and photochromic evolution of Er3+ through interfacial energy transfer (IET) in a core-shell nanostructure. The design of Yb sublattice sensitization interlayer, instead of regular Yb3+ doping, is able to raise the absorption capability of excitation energy and enhance the upconversion. We find that a nanoscale spatial manipulation of interfacial interactions between Er and Yb sublattices can further contribute to upconversion. Moreover, the red/green color-switchable upconversion of Er3+ is achieved through using the temporal modulation ways of non-steady-state excitation and time-gating technique. Our results allow for versatile designs and dynamic management of emission colors from luminescent materials and provide more chances for their frontier photonic applications such as optical anti-counterfeiting and speed monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhengce An
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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2
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Wu J, Wu J, Wei W, Zhang Y, Chen Q. Upconversion Nanoparticles Based Sensing: From Design to Point-of-Care Testing. Small 2024:e2311729. [PMID: 38415811 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have achieved a wide range of applications in the sensing field due to their unique anti-Stokes luminescence property, minimized background interference, excellent biocompatibility, and stable physicochemical properties. However, UCNPs-based sensing platforms still face several challenges, including inherent limitations from UCNPs such as low quantum yields and narrow absorption cross-sections, as well as constraints related to energy transfer efficiencies in sensing systems. Therefore, the construction of high-performance UCNPs-based sensing platforms is an important cornerstone for conducting relevant research. This work begins by providing a brief overview of the upconversion luminescence mechanism in UCNPs. Subsequently, it offers a comprehensive summary of the sensors' types, design principles, and optimized design strategies for UCNPs sensing platforms. More cost-effective and promising point-of-care testing applications implemented based on UCNPs sensing systems are also summarized. Finally, this work addresses the future challenges and prospects for UCNPs-based sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583
| | - Wenya Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, P.R. China
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3
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Zhu Z, Liang Y, Zhao Q, Wu H, Pan B, Qiao S, Wang B, Zhan Q. Three-dimensional, dual-color nanoscopy enabled by migrating photon avalanches with one single low-power CW beam. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:458-465. [PMID: 38171962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is very essential for understanding the physical and biological fundamentals at nanometer scale. However, to date most super-resolution modalities require either complicated/costly purpose-built systems such as multiple-beam architectures or complex post-processing procedures with intrinsic artifacts. Achieving three-dimensional (3D) or multi-channel sub-diffraction microscopic imaging using a simple method remains a challenging and struggling task. Herein, we proposed 3D highly-nonlinear super-resolution microscopy using a single-beam excitation strategy, and the microscopy principle was modelled and studied based on the ultrahigh nonlinearity enabled by photon avalanches. According to the simulation, the point spread function of highly nonlinear microscopy is switchable among different modes and can shrink three-dimensionally to sub-diffraction scale at the photon avalanche mode. Experimentally, we demonstrated 3D optical nanoscopy assisted with huge optical nonlinearities in a simple laser scanning configuration, achieving a lateral resolution down to 58 nm (λ/14) and an axial resolution down to 185 nm (λ/5) with one single beam of low-power, continuous-wave, near-infrared laser. We further extended the photon avalanche effect to many other emitters to develop multi-color photon avalanching nanoprobes based on migrating photon avalanche mechanism, which enables us to implement single-beam dual-color sub-diffraction super-resolution microscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yusen Liang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binxiong Pan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuqian Qiao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Li W, Wang Z. Sub-Diffraction Readout Method of High-Capacity Optical Data Storage Based on Polarization Modulation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:364. [PMID: 38392737 PMCID: PMC10892038 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The big data era demands an efficient and permanent data storage technology with the capacity of PB to EB scale. Optical data storage (ODS) offers a good candidate for long-lifetime storage, as the developing far-field super-resolution nanoscale writing technology improves its capacity to the PB scale. However, methods to efficiently read out this intensive ODS data are still lacking. In this paper, we demonstrate a sub-diffraction readout method based on polarization modulation, which experimentally achieves the sub-diffraction readout on Disperse Red 13 thin film with a resolution of 500 nm, exceeding the diffraction limit by 1.2 times (NA = 0.5). Differing from conventional binary encoding, we propose a specific polarization encoding method that enhances the capacity of ODS by 1.5 times. In the simulation, our method provides an optical data storage readout resolution of 150 nm, potentially to 70 nm, equivalent to 1.1 PB in a DVD-sized disk. This sub-diffraction readout method has great potential as a powerful readout tool for next-generation optical data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China;
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhongyang Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China;
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Zhao M, Wen J, Hu Q, Wei X, Zhong YW, Ruan H, Gu M. A 3D nanoscale optical disk memory with petabit capacity. Nature 2024; 626:772-778. [PMID: 38383625 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
High-capacity storage technologies are needed to meet our ever-growing data demands1,2. However, data centres based on major storage technologies such as semiconductor flash devices and hard disk drives have high energy burdens, high operation costs and short lifespans2,3. Optical data storage (ODS) presents a promising solution for cost-effective long-term archival data storage. Nonetheless, ODS has been limited by its low capacity and the challenge of increasing its areal density4,5. Here, to address these issues, we increase the capacity of ODS to the petabit level by extending the planar recording architecture to three dimensions with hundreds of layers, meanwhile breaking the optical diffraction limit barrier of the recorded spots. We develop an optical recording medium based on a photoresist film doped with aggregation-induced emission dye, which can be optically stimulated by femtosecond laser beams. This film is highly transparent and uniform, and the aggregation-induced emission phenomenon provides the storage mechanism. It can also be inhibited by another deactivating beam, resulting in a recording spot with a super-resolution scale. This technology makes it possible to achieve exabit-level storage by stacking nanoscale disks into arrays, which is essential in big data centres with limited space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhao
- Photonic Integrated Circuits Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and Systems, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiao Hu
- Photonic Integrated Circuits Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- Photonic Integrated Circuits Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Monge R, Delord T, Meriles CA. Reversible optical data storage below the diffraction limit. Nat Nanotechnol 2024; 19:202-207. [PMID: 38049596 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Colour centres in wide-bandgap semiconductors feature metastable charge states that can be interconverted with the help of optical excitation at select wavelengths. The distinct fluorescence and spin properties in each of these states have been exploited to show storage of classical information in three dimensions, but the memory capacity of these platforms has been thus far limited by optical diffraction. Here we leverage local heterogeneity in the optical transitions of colour centres in diamond (nitrogen vacancies) to demonstrate selective charge state control of individual point defects sharing the same diffraction-limited volume. Further, we apply this approach to dense colour centre ensembles, and show rewritable, multiplexed data storage with an areal density of 21 Gb inch-2 at cryogenic temperatures. These results highlight the advantages for developing alternative optical storage device concepts that can lead to increased storage capacity and reduced energy consumption per operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Monge
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Delord
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos A Meriles
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
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Dai D, Zhang Y, Yang S, Kong W, Yang J, Zhang J. Recent Advances in Functional Materials for Optical Data Storage. Molecules 2024; 29:254. [PMID: 38202837 PMCID: PMC10780730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current data age, the fundamental research related to optical applications has been rapidly developed. Countless new-born materials equipped with distinct optical properties have been widely explored, exhibiting tremendous values in practical applications. The optical data storage technique is one of the most significant topics of the optical applications, which is considered as the prominent solution for conquering the challenge of the explosive increase in mass data, to achieve the long-life, low-energy, and super high-capacity data storage. On this basis, our review outlines the representative reports for mainly introducing the functional systems based on the newly established materials applied in the optical storage field. According to the material categories, the representative functional systems are divided into rare-earth doped nanoparticles, graphene, and diarylethene. In terms of the difference of structural features and delicate properties among the three materials, the application in optical storage is comprehensively illustrated in the review. Meanwhile, the potential opportunities and critical challenges of optical storage are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihua Dai
- China Hualu Group Co., Ltd., 717 Huangpu Road, Dalian 116023, China; (D.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- China Hualu Group Co., Ltd., 717 Huangpu Road, Dalian 116023, China; (D.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Siwen Yang
- China Hualu Group Co., Ltd., 717 Huangpu Road, Dalian 116023, China; (D.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Weicheng Kong
- China Hualu Group Co., Ltd., 717 Huangpu Road, Dalian 116023, China; (D.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jijun Zhang
- China Hualu Group Co., Ltd., 717 Huangpu Road, Dalian 116023, China; (D.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (W.K.)
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8
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Grigorjevaite J, Katelnikovas A. Optical Properties Investigation of Upconverting K 2Gd(PO 4)(WO 4):20%Yb 3+,Tm 3+ Phosphors. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1305. [PMID: 36770312 PMCID: PMC9920437 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, scientists are interested in inorganic luminescence materials that can be excited with UV or NIR radiation and emit in the visible range. Such inorganic materials can be successfully used as luminescent or anti-counterfeiting pigments. In this work, we report the synthesis and optical properties investigation of solely Tm3+ doped and Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped K2Gd(PO4)(WO4) phosphors. The single-phase samples were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. The Tm3+ concentration was changed from 0.5% to 5%. Downshifting and upconversion emission studies were performed under 360 nm and 980 nm excitation, respectively. Yb3+ ions were used as sensitizers in the K2Gd(PO4)(WO4) phosphors to transfer the captured energy to Tm3+ ions. It turned out that under UV excitation, phosphors emitted in the blue spectral area regardless of the presence or absence of Yb3+. However, a very strong deep-red (~800 nm) emission was observed when Yb3+ and Tm3+-containing samples were excited with a 980 nm wavelength laser. It is interesting that the highest upconversion emission in the UV/Visible range was achieved for 20% Yb3+, 0.5% Tm3+ doped sample, whereas the sample co-doped with 20% Yb3+, 2% Tm3+ showed the most intensive UC emission band in the NIR range. The materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Optical properties were studied using steady-state and kinetic downshifting and upconversion photoluminescence spectroscopy.
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Pu R, Zhan Q, Peng X, Liu S, Guo X, Liang L, Qin X, Zhao ZW, Liu X. Super-resolution microscopy enabled by high-efficiency surface-migration emission depletion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6636. [PMID: 36333290 PMCID: PMC9636245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear depletion of fluorescence states by stimulated emission constitutes the basis of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Despite significant efforts over the past decade, achieving super-resolution at low saturation intensities by STED remains a major technical challenge. By harnessing the surface quenching effect in NaGdF4:Yb/Tm nanocrystals, we report here high-efficiency emission depletion through surface migration. Using a dual-beam, continuous-wave laser manipulation scheme (975-nm excitation and 730-nm de-excitation), we achieved an emission depletion efficiency of over 95% and a low saturation intensity of 18.3 kW cm-2. Emission depletion by surface migration through gadolinium sublattices enables super-resolution imaging with sub-20 nm lateral resolution. Our approach circumvents the fundamental limitation of high-intensity STED microscopy, providing autofluorescence-free, re-excitation-background-free imaging with a saturation intensity over three orders of magnitude lower than conventional fluorophores. We also demonstrated super-resolution imaging of actin filaments in Hela cells labeled with 8-nm nanoparticles. Combined with the highly photostable lanthanide luminescence, surface-migration emission depletion (SMED) could provide a powerful mechanism for low-power, super-resolution imaging or biological tracking as well as super-resolved optical sensing/writing and lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 P. R. China
| | - Xingyun Peng
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Siying Liu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Liang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Xian Qin
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ziqing Winston Zhao
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117557 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
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Abstract
The attractive features of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence (UCL), such as high photostability, nonphotobleaching or photoblinking, and large anti-Stokes shift, have shown great potentials in life science, information technology, and energy materials. Therefore, UCL modulation is highly demanded toward expected emission wavelength, lifetime, and relative intensity in order to satisfy stringent requirements raised from a wide variety of areas. Unfortunately, the majority of efforts have been devoted to either simple codoping of multiple activators or variation of hosts, while very little attention has been paid to the critical role that sensitizers have been playing. In fact, different sensitizers possess different excitation wavelengths and different energy transfer pathways (to different activators), which will lead to different UCL features. Thus, rational design of sensitizers shall provide extra opportunities for UCL tuning, particularly from the excitation side. In this review, we specifically focus on advances in sensitizers, including the current status, working mechanisms, design principles, as well as future challenges and endeavor directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jingyi Yue
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Xiaoji Xie
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
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Yan L, Huang J, An Z, Zhang Q, Zhou B. Activating Ultrahigh Thermoresponsive Upconversion in an Erbium Sublattice for Nanothermometry and Information Security. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7042-7048. [PMID: 35833965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal activation of upconversion luminescence in nanocrystals opens up new opportunities in biotechnology and nanophotonics. However, it remains a daunting challenge to achieve a smart control of luminescence behavior in the thermal field with remarkable enhancement and ultrahigh sensitivity. Moreover, the physical picture involved is also debatable. Here we report a novel mechanistic design to realize an ultrasensitive thermally activated upconversion in an erbium sublattice core-shell nanostructure. By enabling a thermosensitive property into the intermediate 4I11/2 level of Er3+ through an energy-migration-mediated surface interaction, the upconverted luminescence was markedly enhanced in the thermal field together with a striking thermochromic feature under 1530 nm irradiation. Importantly, the use of non thermally coupled red and green emissions contributes to the thermal sensitivity up to 5.27% K-1, 3 times higher than that obtained by using conventional thermally coupled green emissions. We further demonstrate that the controllable surface interaction is a general approach to the thermal enhancement of upconversion for a series of lanthanide-based nanomaterials. Our findings pave a new way for the development of smart luminescent materials toward emerging applications such as noncontact nanothermometry, information security, and anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengce An
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
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Qi P, Dai Y, Luo Y, Tao G, Zheng L, Liu D, Zhang T, Zhou J, Shen B, Lin F, Liu Z, Fang Z. Giant excitonic upconverted emission from two-dimensional semiconductor in doubly resonant plasmonic nanocavity. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:176. [PMID: 35688809 PMCID: PMC9187628 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted upconverted emission is the heart of energy harvesting, bioimaging, optical cryptography, and optical refrigeration. It has been demonstrated that emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors can provide an excellent platform for efficient phonon-assisted upconversion due to the enhanced optical transition strength and phonon-exciton interaction of 2D excitons. However, there is little research on the further enhancement of excitonic upconverted emission in 2D semiconductors. Here, we report the enhanced multiphoton upconverted emission of 2D excitons in doubly resonant plasmonic nanocavities. Owing to the enhanced light collection, enhanced excitation rate, and quantum efficiency enhancement arising from the Purcell effect, an upconverted emission amplification of >1000-fold and a decrease of 2~3 orders of magnitude in the saturated excitation power are achieved. These findings pave the way for the development of excitonic upconversion lasing, nanoscopic thermometry, and sensing, revealing the possibility of optical refrigeration in future 2D electronic or excitonic devices.
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Grants
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant nos. 2020YFA0211300, 2017YFA0205700, 2017YFA0206000, and 2019YFA0210203), National Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 12027807, 11674012, 61521004, 21790364, 61422501, and 11374023), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant nos. Z180011 and L140007), Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (grant no. 201420), National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals (grant no. W02070003), High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University, and Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M660283).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuchen Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guangyi Tao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Photonics Research Center, School of Physics, MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liheng Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Donglin Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Photonics Research Center, School of Physics, MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Shen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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13
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Liang Y, Zhu Z, Qiao S, Guo X, Pu R, Tang H, Liu H, Dong H, Peng T, Sun LD, Widengren J, Zhan Q. Migrating photon avalanche in different emitters at the nanoscale enables 46th-order optical nonlinearity. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:524-530. [PMID: 35469009 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A photon avalanche (PA) effect that occurs in lanthanide-doped solids gives rise to a giant nonlinear response in the luminescence intensity to the excitation light intensity. As a result, much weaker lasers are needed to evoke such PAs than for other nonlinear optical processes. Photon avalanches are mostly restricted to bulk materials and conventionally rely on sophisticated excitation schemes, specific for each individual system. Here we show a universal strategy, based on a migrating photon avalanche (MPA) mechanism, to generate huge optical nonlinearities from various lanthanide emitters located in multilayer core/shell nanostructrues. The core of the MPA nanoparticle, composed of Yb3+ and Pr3+ ions, activates avalanche looping cycles, where PAs are synchronously achieved for both Yb3+ and Pr3+ ions under 852 nm laser excitation. These nanocrystals exhibit a 26th-order nonlinearity and a clear pumping threshold of 60 kW cm-2. In addition, we demonstrate that the avalanching Yb3+ ions can migrate their optical nonlinear response to other emitters (for example, Ho3+ and Tm3+) located in the outer shell layer, resulting in an even higher-order nonlinearity (up to the 46th for Tm3+) due to further cascading multiplicative effects. Our strategy therefore provides a facile route to achieve giant optical nonlinearity in different emitters. Finally, we also demonstrate applicability of MPA emitters to bioimaging, achieving a lateral resolution of ~62 nm using one low-power 852 nm continuous-wave laser beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Liang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuqian Qiao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui Pu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huan Tang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Peng
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Photon upconversion in lanthanide-based materials has recently shown compelling advantages in a wide range of fields due to their exceptional anti-Stokes luminescence performances and physicochemical properties. In particular, the latest breakthroughs in the optical manipulation of photon upconversion, such as the precise tuning of switchable emission profiles and lifetimes, open up new opportunities for diverse frontier applications from biological imaging to therapy, nanophotonics and three-dimensional displays. A summary and discussion on the recent progress can provide new insights into the fundamental understanding of luminescence mechanisms and also help to inspire new upconversion concepts and promote their frontier applications. Herein, we present a review on the state-of-the-art progress of lanthanide-based upconversion materials, focusing on the newly emerging approaches to the smart control of upconversion in aspects of light intensity, colors, and lifetimes, as well as new concepts. The emerging scientific and technological discoveries based on the well-designed upconversion materials are highlighted and discussed, along with the challenges and future perspectives. This review will contribute to the understanding of the fundamental research of photon upconversion and further promote the development of new classes of efficient upconversion materials towards diversities of frontier applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Songbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Lili Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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15
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Dou Q, Mo J, Xu B, Gong N, Man T, Li Z, Bai G, Ma C, Qiu J, Hao J. Nonvolatile modulation of luminescence in perovskite oxide thin films by ferroelectric gating. Opt Lett 2022; 47:1578-1581. [PMID: 35363682 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile and giant modulation of luminescence can be realized by the ferroelectric gating effect in a Ga3+/Pr3+ co-doped BaTiO3 ultra-thin film epitaxially grown on a [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 single-crystallized substrate. The change behavior of the emission intensity matches that of the ferroelectric polarization hysteresis loop with a giant enhancement of over 13 times with negative polarization orientation. The interaction of O2- at the O2p orbital in the valence band and Pr3+ with injected holes by the ferroelectric gating effect promotes the formation of excited state O-, Pr4+, or Pr3+q. This ferroelectric gating method can promote the development of controllable photo-, electroluminescent, and other optoelectronic devices for display, sensing, communication, and so on.
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Guo P, Wang J, Liao C, Zhou H, Huang D, Zhou G, Yu X, Hu J. Luminescence, energy transfer, colour modulation and up-conversion mechanisms of Yb 3+, Tm 3+ and Ho 3+ co-doped Y 6MoO 12. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33419-33428. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Up-conversion materials based on YMO were successfully synthesized by the sol–gel method, and the luminescence colour tuning was achieved by changing the type and concentration of dopant ions (Tm3+, Ho3+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jifan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Mahata MK, De R, Lee KT. Near-Infrared-Triggered Upconverting Nanoparticles for Biomedicine Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:756. [PMID: 34210059 PMCID: PMC8301434 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the unique properties of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) under near-infrared (NIR) light, the last decade has shown a sharp progress in their biomedicine applications. Advances in the techniques for polymer, dye, and bio-molecule conjugation on the surface of the nanoparticles has further expanded their dynamic opportunities for optogenetics, oncotherapy and bioimaging. In this account, considering the primary benefits such as the absence of photobleaching, photoblinking, and autofluorescence of UCNPs not only facilitate the construction of accurate, sensitive and multifunctional nanoprobes, but also improve therapeutic and diagnostic results. We introduce, with the basic knowledge of upconversion, unique properties of UCNPs and the mechanisms involved in photon upconversion and discuss how UCNPs can be implemented in biological practices. In this focused review, we categorize the applications of UCNP-based various strategies into the following domains: neuromodulation, immunotherapy, drug delivery, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, bioimaging and biosensing. Herein, we also discuss the current emerging bioapplications with cutting edge nano-/biointerfacing of UCNPs. Finally, this review provides concluding remarks on future opportunities and challenges on clinical translation of UCNPs-based nanotechnology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Ranjit De
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kang Taek Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea;
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