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Matsumoto M, Matsuno J, Tsuchiyama A, Nakamura T, Enokido Y, Kikuiri M, Nakato A, Yasutake M, Uesugi K, Takeuchi A, Enju S, Okumura S, Mitsukawa I, Sun M, Miyake A, Haruta M, Igami Y, Yurimoto H, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Zolensky M, Yada T, Nishimura M, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Abe M, Okada T, Usui T, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Watanabe SI, Tsuda Y. Microstructural and chemical features of impact melts on Ryugu particle surfaces: Records of interplanetary dust hit on asteroid Ryugu. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi7203. [PMID: 38241366 PMCID: PMC10798560 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft delivered samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu to Earth. Some of the sample particles show evidence of micrometeoroid impacts, which occurred on the asteroid surface. Among those, particles A0067 and A0094 have flat surfaces on which a large number of microcraters and impact melt splashes are observed. Two impact melt splashes and one microcrater were analyzed to unveil the nature of the objects that impacted the asteroid surface. The melt splashes consist mainly of Mg-Fe-rich glassy silicates and Fe-Ni sulfides. The microcrater trapped an impact melt consisting mainly of Mg-Fe-rich glassy silicate, Fe-Ni sulfides, and minor silica-rich glass. These impact melts show a single compositional trend indicating mixing of Ryugu surface materials and impactors having chondritic chemical compositions. The relict impactor in one of the melt splashes shows mineralogical similarity with anhydrous chondritic interplanetary dust particles having a probable cometary origin. The chondritic micrometeoroids probably impacted the Ryugu surface during its residence in a near-Earth orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junya Matsuno
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiyama
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuma Enokido
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mizuha Kikuiri
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasutake
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takeuchi
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Satomi Enju
- Earth’s Evolution and Environment Course, Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Earth Science, Ehime University, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shota Okumura
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Itaru Mitsukawa
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mingqi Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Akira Miyake
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Haruta
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yohei Igami
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Sei-ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
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Amano K, Matsuoka M, Nakamura T, Kagawa E, Fujioka Y, Potin SM, Hiroi T, Tatsumi E, Milliken RE, Quirico E, Beck P, Brunetto R, Uesugi M, Takahashi Y, Kawai T, Yamashita S, Enokido Y, Wada T, Furukawa Y, Zolensky ME, Takir D, Domingue DL, Jaramillo-Correa C, Vilas F, Hendrix AR, Kikuiri M, Morita T, Yurimoto H, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Yada T, Nishimura M, Nakato A, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Abe M, Okada T, Usui T, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Watanabe SI, Tsuda Y. Reassigning CI chondrite parent bodies based on reflectance spectroscopy of samples from carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu and meteorites. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi3789. [PMID: 38055820 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu has been explored by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft to elucidate the actual nature of hydrous asteroids. Laboratory analyses revealed that the samples from Ryugu are comparable to unheated CI carbonaceous chondrites; however, reflectance spectra of Ryugu samples and CIs do not coincide. Here, we demonstrate that Ryugu sample spectra are reproduced by heating Orgueil CI chondrite at 300°C under reducing conditions, which caused dehydration of terrestrial weathering products and reduction of iron in phyllosilicates. Terrestrial weathering of CIs accounts for the spectral differences between Ryugu sample and CIs, which is more severe than space weathering that likely explains those between asteroid Ryugu and the collected samples. Previous assignments of CI chondrite parent bodies, i.e., chemically most primitive objects in the solar system, are based on the spectra of CI chondrites. This study indicates that actual spectra of CI parent bodies are much darker and flatter at ultraviolet to visible wavelengths than the spectra of CI chondrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Amano
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Moe Matsuoka
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kagawa
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuri Fujioka
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sandra M Potin
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - Takahiro Hiroi
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eri Tatsumi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Ralph E Milliken
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric Quirico
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pierre Beck
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Rosario Brunetto
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Masayuki Uesugi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamashita
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yuma Enokido
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taiga Wada
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | | | - Driss Takir
- Jacobs, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | | | | | - Faith Vilas
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85179, USA
| | | | - Mizuha Kikuiri
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Morita
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
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Tillman NT. Asteroid mission hints at the nature of rubble-pile asteroids-and how to deflect them. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2317540120. [PMID: 37910555 PMCID: PMC10636298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317540120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
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Leone G, Tanaka HK. Igneous processes in the small bodies of the Solar System I. Asteroids and comets. iScience 2023; 26:107160. [PMID: 37534155 PMCID: PMC10391981 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Igneous processes were quite widespread in the small bodies of the Solar System (SBSS) and were initially fueled by short-lived radioisotopes, the proto-Sun, impact heating, and differentiation heating. Once they finished, long-lived radioisotopes continued to warm the active bodies of the Earth, (possibly) Venus, and the cryovolcanism of Enceladus. The widespread presence of olivine and pyroxenes in planets and also in SBSS suggests that they were not necessarily the product of igneous processes and they might have been recycled from previous nebular processes or entrained in comets from interstellar space. The difference in temperature between the inner and the outer Solar System has clearly favored thermal annealing of the olivine close to the proto-Sun. Transport of olivine within the Solar System probably occurred also due to protostellar jets and winds but the entrainment in SBSS from interstellar space would overcome the requirement of initial turbulent regime in the protoplanetary nebula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Leone
- Instituto de Investigación en Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias, Universidad de Atacama, Chile
- Virtual Muography Institute, Global, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki K.M. Tanaka
- Virtual Muography Institute, Global, Tokyo, Japan
- International Muography Research Organization (MUOGRAPHIX), The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Potiszil C, Yamanaka M, Sakaguchi C, Ota T, Kitagawa H, Kunihiro T, Tanaka R, Kobayashi K, Nakamura E. Organic Matter in the Asteroid Ryugu: What We Know So Far. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1448. [PMID: 37511823 PMCID: PMC10381145 DOI: 10.3390/life13071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hayabusa2 mission was tasked with returning samples from the C-complex asteroid Ryugu (1999 JU3), in order to shed light on the formation, evolution and composition of such asteroids. One of the main science objectives was to understand whether such bodies could have supplied the organic matter required for the origin of life on Earth. Here, a review of the studies concerning the organic matter within the Ryugu samples is presented. This review will inform the reader about the Hayabusa2 mission, the nature of the organic matter analyzed and the various interpretations concerning the analytical findings including those concerning the origin and evolution of organic matter from Ryugu. Finally, the review puts the findings and individual interpretations in the context of the current theories surrounding the formation and evolution of Ryugu. Overall, the summary provided here will help to inform those operating in a wide range of interdisciplinary fields, including planetary science, astrobiology, the origin of life and astronomy, about the most recent developments concerning the organic matter in the Ryugu return samples and their relevance to understanding our solar system and beyond. The review also outlines the issues that still remain to be solved and highlights potential areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Potiszil
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Chie Sakaguchi
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ota
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Tak Kunihiro
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Ryoji Tanaka
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Katsura Kobayashi
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Eizo Nakamura
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
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Ernst CM, Daly RT, Gaskell RW, Barnouin OS, Nair H, Hyatt BA, Al Asad MM, Hoch KKW. High-resolution shape models of Phobos and Deimos from stereophotoclinometry. Earth Planets Space 2023; 75:103. [PMID: 37378051 PMCID: PMC10290967 DOI: 10.1186/s40623-023-01814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We created high-resolution shape models of Phobos and Deimos using stereophotoclinometry and united images from Viking Orbiter, Phobos 2, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter into a single coregistered collection. The best-fit ellipsoid to the Phobos model has radii of (12.95 ± 0.04) km × (11.30 ± 0.04) km × (9.16 ± 0.03) km, with an average radius of (11.08 ± 0.04) km. The best-fit ellipsoid to the Deimos model has radii of (8.04 ± 0.08) km × (5.89 ± 0.06) km × (5.11 ± 0.05) km with an average radius of (6.27 ± 0.07) km. The new shape models offer substantial improvements in resolution over existing shape models, while remaining globally consistent with them. The Phobos model resolves grooves, craters, and other surface features ~ 100 m in size across the entire surface. The Deimos model is the first to resolve geological surface features. These models, associated data products, and a searchable, coregistered collection of images across six spacecraft are publicly available in the Small Body Mapping Tool, and will be archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. These products enable an array of future studies to advance the understanding of Phobos and Deimos, facilitate coregistration of other past and future datasets, and set the stage for planning and operating future missions to the moons, including the upcoming Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40623-023-01814-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Ernst
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - R. Terik Daly
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | | | | | - Hari Nair
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - Benjamin A. Hyatt
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
| | - Manar M. Al Asad
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Kielan K. W. Hoch
- University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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7
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Daly RT, Ernst CM, Barnouin OS, Chabot NL, Rivkin AS, Cheng AF, Adams EY, Agrusa HF, Abel ED, Alford AL, Asphaug EI, Atchison JA, Badger AR, Baki P, Ballouz RL, Bekker DL, Bellerose J, Bhaskaran S, Buratti BJ, Cambioni S, Chen MH, Chesley SR, Chiu G, Collins GS, Cox MW, DeCoster ME, Ericksen PS, Espiritu RC, Faber AS, Farnham TL, Ferrari F, Fletcher ZJ, Gaskell RW, Graninger DM, Haque MA, Harrington-Duff PA, Hefter S, Herreros I, Hirabayashi M, Huang PM, Hsieh SYW, Jacobson SA, Jenkins SN, Jensenius MA, John JW, Jutzi M, Kohout T, Krueger TO, Laipert FE, Lopez NR, Luther R, Lucchetti A, Mages DM, Marchi S, Martin AC, McQuaide ME, Michel P, Moskovitz NA, Murphy IW, Murdoch N, Naidu SP, Nair H, Nolan MC, Ormö J, Pajola M, Palmer EE, Peachey JM, Pravec P, Raducan SD, Ramesh KT, Ramirez JR, Reynolds EL, Richman JE, Robin CQ, Rodriguez LM, Roufberg LM, Rush BP, Sawyer CA, Scheeres DJ, Scheirich P, Schwartz SR, Shannon MP, Shapiro BN, Shearer CE, Smith EJ, Steele RJ, Steckloff JK, Stickle AM, Sunshine JM, Superfin EA, Tarzi ZB, Thomas CA, Thomas JR, Trigo-Rodríguez JM, Tropf BT, Vaughan AT, Velez D, Waller CD, Wilson DS, Wortman KA, Zhang Y. Successful kinetic impact into an asteroid for planetary defence. Nature 2023; 616:443-447. [PMID: 36858073 PMCID: PMC10115643 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Although no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalogue of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation1,2. Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid1-3. A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest-priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation1. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is a full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission's target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by the impact of the DART spacecraft4. Although past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies5,6, those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft's autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in the orbit of Dimorphos7 demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Terik Daly
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.
| | - Carolyn M Ernst
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Chabot
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Rivkin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Andrew F Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Elena Y Adams
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth D Abel
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Amy L Alford
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Justin A Atchison
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Andrew R Badger
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Paul Baki
- Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ronald-L Ballouz
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Dmitriy L Bekker
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Julie Bellerose
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shyam Bhaskaran
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Buratti
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle H Chen
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Chesley
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - George Chiu
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew W Cox
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter S Ericksen
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Alan S Faber
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dawn M Graninger
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Musad A Haque
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Sarah Hefter
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Isabel Herreros
- Centro de Astrobiologiá (CAB) CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | | | - Philip M Huang
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Syau-Yun W Hsieh
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen N Jenkins
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Jensenius
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy W John
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Tomas Kohout
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timothy O Krueger
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Frank E Laipert
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Nabla Zero Labs, South Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Norberto R Lopez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Robert Luther
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Declan M Mages
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna C Martin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Maria E McQuaide
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | | | - Ian W Murphy
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Naomi Murdoch
- ISAE-SUPAERO, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Shantanu P Naidu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hari Nair
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Jens Ormö
- Centro de Astrobiologiá (CAB) CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | | | | | - James M Peachey
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Petr Pravec
- Astronomical Institute AS CR, Ondrejov, Czech Republic
| | | | - K T Ramesh
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua R Ramirez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Edward L Reynolds
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Joshua E Richman
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Colas Q Robin
- ISAE-SUPAERO, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Luis M Rodriguez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Lew M Roufberg
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Brian P Rush
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn A Sawyer
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew P Shannon
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Brett N Shapiro
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin E Shearer
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Evan J Smith
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - R Joshua Steele
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Angela M Stickle
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Emil A Superfin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Zahi B Tarzi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Justin R Thomas
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - B Teresa Tropf
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Andrew T Vaughan
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dianna Velez
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - C Dany Waller
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Wilson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Wortman
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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8
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Nagaashi Y, Nakamura AM. High mobility of asteroid particles revealed by measured cohesive force of meteorite fragments. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd3530. [PMID: 36930712 PMCID: PMC10022890 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cohesive force of asteroid particles is a crucial parameter in microgravity. The cohesive force was evaluated under the assumptions of lunar regolith and proportionality to particle size; however, it is sensitive to particle shape. In this study, cohesive-force measurements of meteorite fragments and aggregates consisting of silica microspheres revealed that the cohesive force is independent of the sizes of the fragments and aggregates as well as of the fragment preparation methods. The cohesive forces of the asteroid particles were found to be orders of magnitude smaller than previously predicted, explaining the high mobility of asteroid surface particles identified by space exploration.
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9
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Okazaki R, Marty B, Busemann H, Hashizume K, Gilmour JD, Meshik A, Yada T, Kitajima F, Broadley MW, Byrne D, Füri E, Riebe MEI, Krietsch D, Maden C, Ishida A, Clay P, Crowther SA, Fawcett L, Lawton T, Pravdivtseva O, Miura YN, Park J, Bajo KI, Takano Y, Yamada K, Kawagucci S, Matsui Y, Yamamoto M, Righter K, Sakai S, Iwata N, Shirai N, Sekimoto S, Inagaki M, Ebihara M, Yokochi R, Nishiizumi K, Nagao K, Lee JI, Kano A, Caffee MW, Uemura R, Nakamura T, Naraoka H, Noguchi T, Yabuta H, Yurimoto H, Tachibana S, Sawada H, Sakamoto K, Abe M, Arakawa M, Fujii A, Hayakawa M, Hirata N, Hirata N, Honda R, Honda C, Hosoda S, Iijima YI, Ikeda H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara Y, Iwata T, Kawahara K, Kikuchi S, Kitazato K, Matsumoto K, Matsuoka M, Michikami T, Mimasu Y, Miura A, Morota T, Nakazawa S, Namiki N, Noda H, Noguchi R, Ogawa N, Ogawa K, Okada T, Okamoto C, Ono G, Ozaki M, Saiki T, Sakatani N, Senshu H, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Sugita S, Takei Y, Takeuchi H, Tanaka S, Tatsumi E, Terui F, Tsukizaki R, Wada K, Yamada M, Yamada T, Yamamoto Y, Yano H, Yokota Y, Yoshihara K, Yoshikawa M, Yoshikawa K, Furuya S, Hatakeda K, Hayashi T, Hitomi Y, Kumagai K, Miyazaki A, Nakato A, Nishimura M, Soejima H, Iwamae A, Yamamoto D, Yogata K, Yoshitake M, Fukai R, Usui T, Connolly HC, Lauretta D, Watanabe SI, Tsuda Y. Noble gases and nitrogen in samples of asteroid Ryugu record its volatile sources and recent surface evolution. Science 2023; 379:eabo0431. [PMID: 36264828 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu is expected to contain volatile chemical species that could provide information on the origin of Earth's volatiles. Samples of Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured noble gas and nitrogen isotopes in Ryugu samples and found that they are dominated by presolar and primordial components, incorporated during Solar System formation. Noble gas concentrations are higher than those in Ivuna-type carbonaceous (CI) chondrite meteorites. Several host phases of isotopically distinct nitrogen have different abundances among the samples. Our measurements support a close relationship between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Noble gases produced by galactic cosmic rays, indicating a ~5 million year exposure, and from implanted solar wind record the recent irradiation history of Ryugu after it migrated to its current orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bernard Marty
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Henner Busemann
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ko Hashizume
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Jamie D Gilmour
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alex Meshik
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Fumio Kitajima
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - David Byrne
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Evelyn Füri
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - My E I Riebe
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Krietsch
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Colin Maden
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Akizumi Ishida
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Patricia Clay
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah A Crowther
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lydia Fawcett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thomas Lawton
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Olga Pravdivtseva
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yayoi N Miura
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jisun Park
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kingsborough Community College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11235, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Bajo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Keita Yamada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kawagucci
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.,Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yohei Matsui
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.,Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamamoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kevin Righter
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Saburo Sakai
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Iwata
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Naoki Shirai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Shun Sekimoto
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Makoto Inagaki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ebihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
| | - Reika Yokochi
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kunihiko Nishiizumi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jong Ik Lee
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Akihiro Kano
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Marc W Caffee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ryu Uemura
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naru Hirata
- Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Rie Honda
- Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Honda
- Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masateru Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Takahiro Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shota Kikuchi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitazato
- Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Moe Matsuoka
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Michikami
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Yuya Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akira Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Morota
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Noda
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Rina Noguchi
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chisato Okamoto
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Go Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakatani
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kei Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugita
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Eri Tatsumi
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Ryudo Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Kent Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shizuho Furuya
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yuya Hitomi
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Ayako Iwamae
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Miwa Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Ryota Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Harold C Connolly
- Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Dante Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
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Nakamura T, Matsumoto M, Amano K, Enokido Y, Zolensky ME, Mikouchi T, Genda H, Tanaka S, Zolotov MY, Kurosawa K, Wakita S, Hyodo R, Nagano H, Nakashima D, Takahashi Y, Fujioka Y, Kikuiri M, Kagawa E, Matsuoka M, Brearley AJ, Tsuchiyama A, Uesugi M, Matsuno J, Kimura Y, Sato M, Milliken RE, Tatsumi E, Sugita S, Hiroi T, Kitazato K, Brownlee D, Joswiak DJ, Takahashi M, Ninomiya K, Takahashi T, Osawa T, Terada K, Brenker FE, Tkalcec BJ, Vincze L, Brunetto R, Aléon-Toppani A, Chan QHS, Roskosz M, Viennet JC, Beck P, Alp EE, Michikami T, Nagaashi Y, Tsuji T, Ino Y, Martinez J, Han J, Dolocan A, Bodnar RJ, Tanaka M, Yoshida H, Sugiyama K, King AJ, Fukushi K, Suga H, Yamashita S, Kawai T, Inoue K, Nakato A, Noguchi T, Vilas F, Hendrix AR, Jaramillo-Correa C, Domingue DL, Dominguez G, Gainsforth Z, Engrand C, Duprat J, Russell SS, Bonato E, Ma C, Kawamoto T, Wada T, Watanabe S, Endo R, Enju S, Riu L, Rubino S, Tack P, Takeshita S, Takeichi Y, Takeuchi A, Takigawa A, Takir D, Tanigaki T, Taniguchi A, Tsukamoto K, Yagi T, Yamada S, Yamamoto K, Yamashita Y, Yasutake M, Uesugi K, Umegaki I, Chiu I, Ishizaki T, Okumura S, Palomba E, Pilorget C, Potin SM, Alasli A, Anada S, Araki Y, Sakatani N, Schultz C, Sekizawa O, Sitzman SD, Sugiura K, Sun M, Dartois E, De Pauw E, Dionnet Z, Djouadi Z, Falkenberg G, Fujita R, Fukuma T, Gearba IR, Hagiya K, Hu MY, Kato T, Kawamura T, Kimura M, Kubo MK, Langenhorst F, Lantz C, Lavina B, Lindner M, Zhao J, Vekemans B, Baklouti D, Bazi B, Borondics F, Nagasawa S, Nishiyama G, Nitta K, Mathurin J, Matsumoto T, Mitsukawa I, Miura H, Miyake A, Miyake Y, Yurimoto H, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Connolly HC, Lauretta DS, Yoshitake M, Yoshikawa M, Yoshikawa K, Yoshihara K, Yokota Y, Yogata K, Yano H, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto D, Yamada M, Yamada T, Yada T, Wada K, Usui T, Tsukizaki R, Terui F, Takeuchi H, Takei Y, Iwamae A, Soejima H, Shirai K, Shimaki Y, Senshu H, Sawada H, Saiki T, Ozaki M, Ono G, Okada T, Ogawa N, Ogawa K, Noguchi R, Noda H, Nishimura M, Namiki N, Nakazawa S, Morota T, Miyazaki A, Miura A, Mimasu Y, Matsumoto K, Kumagai K, Kouyama T, Kikuchi S, Kawahara K, Kameda S, Iwata T, Ishihara Y, Ishiguro M, Ikeda H, Hosoda S, Honda R, Honda C, Hitomi Y, Hirata N, Hirata N, Hayashi T, Hayakawa M, Hatakeda K, Furuya S, Fukai R, Fujii A, Cho Y, Arakawa M, Abe M, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples. Science 2023; 379:eabn8671. [PMID: 36137011 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Matsumoto
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Amano
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Enokido
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M E Zolensky
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - T Mikouchi
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Genda
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Y Zolotov
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - K Kurosawa
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - S Wakita
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Hyodo
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Nagano
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - D Nakashima
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Y Fujioka
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Kikuiri
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - E Kagawa
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.,Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - A J Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - A Tsuchiyama
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.,Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - M Uesugi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Matsuno
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Y Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R E Milliken
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - E Tatsumi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38205, Spain
| | - S Sugita
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Hiroi
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - K Kitazato
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - D Brownlee
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - D J Joswiak
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - M Takahashi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Ninomiya
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.,Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Osawa
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Terada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - F E Brenker
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B J Tkalcec
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Vincze
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Brunetto
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - A Aléon-Toppani
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Q H S Chan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - M Roskosz
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - J-C Viennet
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P Beck
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E E Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - T Michikami
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Y Nagaashi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - T Tsuji
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Ino
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Japan
| | - J Martinez
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - J Han
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - A Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R J Bodnar
- Department of Geoscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - M Tanaka
- Materials Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - H Yoshida
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - A J King
- Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - K Fukushi
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - H Suga
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S Yamashita
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Kawai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - A Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - F Vilas
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - A R Hendrix
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | | | - D L Domingue
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - G Dominguez
- Department of Physics, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Z Gainsforth
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Engrand
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Duprat
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - S S Russell
- Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - E Bonato
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstraße 2 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Ma
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - T Kawamoto
- Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - T Wada
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
| | - R Endo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - S Enju
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - L Riu
- European Space Astronomy Centre, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - S Rubino
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - P Tack
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Takeshita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Y Takeichi
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Takeuchi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - A Takigawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Takir
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | | | - A Taniguchi
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan
| | - K Tsukamoto
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Yagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Y Yamashita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - M Yasutake
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - K Uesugi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - I Umegaki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan.,Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - I Chiu
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Ishizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Okumura
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E Palomba
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - C Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - S M Potin
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.,Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - A Alasli
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - S Anada
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Y Araki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-0058, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - C Schultz
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - O Sekizawa
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S D Sitzman
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, CA 90245, USA
| | - K Sugiura
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - M Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.,Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - E Dartois
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E De Pauw
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Z Dionnet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Z Djouadi
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - G Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Photon Science, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Fujita
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - T Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - I R Gearba
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - K Hagiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - M Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - T Kato
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - T Kawamura
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris 75205, France
| | - M Kimura
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M K Kubo
- Division of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Mitaka 181-8585, Japan
| | - F Langenhorst
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - C Lantz
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - B Lavina
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Lindner
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - B Vekemans
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Baklouti
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - B Bazi
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Borondics
- Optimized Light Source of Intermediate Energy to LURE (SOLEIL) L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette F-91192, France
| | - S Nagasawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.,Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Nishiyama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Nitta
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Mathurin
- Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T Matsumoto
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - I Mitsukawa
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Miura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - A Miyake
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - H Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - R Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - H Yabuta
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - H Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - K Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Tachibana
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H C Connolly
- Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - M Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - D Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Iwamae
- Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - H Soejima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - H Noda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Namiki
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Kumagai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- Digital Architecture Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Kawahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Ishihara
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - H Ikeda
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.,Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - C Honda
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Hitomi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Hatakeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - S Furuya
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
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11
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Nakashima D, Nakamura T, Zhang M, Kita NT, Mikouchi T, Yoshida H, Enokido Y, Morita T, Kikuiri M, Amano K, Kagawa E, Yada T, Nishimura M, Nakato A, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Abe M, Okada T, Usui T, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Nakazawa S, Terui F, Yurimoto H, Noguchi T, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Okazaki R, Sakamoto K, Watanabe SI, Tachibana S, Tsuda Y. Chondrule-like objects and Ca-Al-rich inclusions in Ryugu may potentially be the oldest Solar System materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:532. [PMID: 36797235 PMCID: PMC9935534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrule-like objects and Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) are discovered in the retuned samples from asteroid Ryugu. Here we report results of oxygen isotope, mineralogical, and compositional analysis of the chondrule-like objects and CAIs. Three chondrule-like objects dominated by Mg-rich olivine are 16O-rich and -poor with Δ17O (=δ17O - 0.52 × δ18O) values of ~ -23‰ and ~ -3‰, resembling what has been proposed as early generations of chondrules. The 16O-rich objects are likely to be melted amoeboid olivine aggregates that escaped from incorporation into 16O-poor chondrule precursor dust. Two CAIs composed of refractory minerals are 16O-rich with Δ17O of ~ -23‰ and possibly as old as the oldest CAIs. The discovered objects (<30 µm) are as small as those from comets, suggesting radial transport favoring smaller objects from the inner solar nebula to the formation location of the Ryugu original parent body, which is farther from the Sun and scarce in chondrules. The transported objects may have been mostly destroyed during aqueous alteration in the Ryugu parent body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakashima
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Mingming Zhang
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Noriko T. Kita
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Takashi Mikouchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hideto Yoshida
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuma Enokido
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tomoyo Morita
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Mizuha Kikuiri
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kana Amano
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Eiichi Kagawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Akiko Miyazaki
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- grid.419709.20000 0004 0371 3508Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292 Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0810 Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Sei-ichiro Watanabe
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
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12
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Zhang Y, Michel P, Barnouin OS, Roberts JH, Daly MG, Ballouz RL, Walsh KJ, Richardson DC, Hartzell CM, Lauretta DS. Inferring interiors and structural history of top-shaped asteroids from external properties of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4589. [PMID: 35933392 PMCID: PMC9357032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asteroid interiors play a key role in our understanding of asteroid formation and evolution. As no direct interior probing has been done yet, characterisation of asteroids’ interiors relies on interpretations of external properties. Here we show, by numerical simulations, that the top-shaped rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu’s geophysical response to spinup is highly sensitive to its material strength. This allows us to infer Bennu’s interior properties and provide general implications for top-shaped rubble piles’ structural evolution. We find that low-cohesion (≲0.78 Pa at surface and ≲1.3 Pa inside) and low-friction (friction angle ≲ 35∘) structures with several high-cohesion internal zones can consistently account for all the known geophysical characteristics of Bennu and explain the absence of moons. Furthermore, we reveal the underlying mechanisms that lead to different failure behaviours and identify the reconfiguration pathways of top-shaped asteroids as functions of their structural properties that either facilitate or prevent the formation of moons. Asteroid interiors are key to understand their formation and evolution. Here, the authors show that numerically simulated low-cohesion and low-friction structures with several high-cohesion internal zones can explain asteroid Bennu’s geophysical characteristics and the absence of the moons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France. .,Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Patrick Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - Olivier S Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - James H Roberts
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Daly
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald-L Ballouz
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.,Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Christine M Hartzell
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dante S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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13
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Irie T, Yamaguchi R, Watanabe S, Katsuragi H. History-dependent deformation of a rotated granular pile governed by granular friction. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022; 33:103629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Banik D, Gaurav K, Sharma I. Regolith flow on top-shaped asteroids. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a continuum framework of regolith flow on asteroids. We focus on top-shaped asteroids that may be taken as consisting of regolith lying on a solid core. Depth-averaging is employed to model the regolith flow, and effects due to the asteroid’s rotation and its complex gravity field are retained. Angular momentum conservation is invoked to couple regolith flow to the asteroid’s changing shape and spin. This framework is first used to explore the equilibrium of regolith as a function of its friction, and the asteroid’s shape and spin rate. Next, we study regolith flow on top-shaped spinning asteroids and find conditions for the regolith’s shedding or deposition. We also discuss how the regolith’s flow and the asteroid’s spin influence each other. Finally, as an application, we propose and investigate the following evolution history of Bennu: a fast spinning Bennu was slowed down by multiple, impact-induced global landslides to its present spin state. Regolith was shed if the spin was higher than a critical rate. Once the spin rate fell below this critical value, regolith flow from higher latitudes began depositing regolith at its equator, giving Bennu its distinctive shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepayan Banik
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Ishan Sharma
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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15
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Riu L, Pilorget C, Hamm V, Bibring JP, Lantz C, Loizeau D, Brunetto R, Carter J, Lequertier G, Lourit L, Okada T, Yogata K, Hatakeda K, Nakato A, Yada T. Calibration and performances of the MicrOmega instrument for the characterization of asteroid Ryugu returned samples. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:054503. [PMID: 35649797 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MicrOmega, a miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope, has been selected to characterize in the laboratory the samples returned from Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. MicrOmega has been delivered to the Extraterrestrial Samples Curation Center of the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in July 2020 and then mounted and calibrated to be ready for the analyses of the samples returned to Earth on December 6, 2020. MicrOmega was designed to analyze the returned samples within a field of view of 5 × 5 mm2 and a spatial sampling of 22.5 µm. It acquires 3D near-infrared hyperspectral image-cubes by imaging the sample with monochromatic images sequentially covering the 0.99-3.65 µm spectral range, with a typical spectral sampling of 20 cm-1. This paper reports the calibration processes performed to extract scientific data from these MicrOmega image-cubes. The determination of the instrumental response and the spectral calibration is detailed. We meet or exceed the goals of achieving an accuracy of ∼20% for the absolute reflectance level, 1% for the relative wavelength-to-wavelength reflectance, and <5 nm for the peak position of the detected absorption features. For the nominal measurements of Ryugu samples with MicrOmega/Curation, the instrument performance also reaches a signal-to-noise ratio of >100 over the entire spectral range. By characterizing the entire collection of the returned samples at the microscopic scale, MicrOmega/Curation offers the potential to provide unprecedented insights into the composition and history of their asteroid parent body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Riu
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Cédric Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Hamm
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Cateline Lantz
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Damien Loizeau
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Rosario Brunetto
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - John Carter
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Lequertier
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Lionel Lourit
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institut of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA), S252-5210 Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institut of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA), S252-5210 Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hatakeda
- Institut of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA), S252-5210 Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institut of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA), S252-5210 Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institut of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA), S252-5210 Sagamihara, Japan
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16
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Tachibana S, Sawada H, Okazaki R, Takano Y, Sakamoto K, Miura YN, Okamoto C, Yano H, Yamanouchi S, Michel P, Zhang Y, Schwartz S, Thuillet F, Yurimoto H, Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Tsuchiyama A, Imae N, Kurosawa K, Nakamura AM, Ogawa K, Sugita S, Morota T, Honda R, Kameda S, Tatsumi E, Cho Y, Yoshioka K, Yokota Y, Hayakawa M, Matsuoka M, Sakatani N, Yamada M, Kouyama T, Suzuki H, Honda C, Yoshimitsu T, Kubota T, Demura H, Yada T, Nishimura M, Yogata K, Nakato A, Yoshitake M, Suzuki AI, Furuya S, Hatakeda K, Miyazaki A, Kumagai K, Okada T, Abe M, Usui T, Ireland TR, Fujimoto M, Yamada T, Arakawa M, Connolly HC, Fujii A, Hasegawa S, Hirata N, Hirata N, Hirose C, Hosoda S, Iijima Y, Ikeda H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara Y, Iwata T, Kikuchi S, Kitazato K, Lauretta DS, Libourel G, Marty B, Matsumoto K, Michikami T, Mimasu Y, Miura A, Mori O, Nakamura-Messenger K, Namiki N, Nguyen AN, Nittler LR, Noda H, Noguchi R, Ogawa N, Ono G, Ozaki M, Senshu H, Shimada T, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Soldini S, Takahashi T, Takei Y, Takeuchi H, Tsukizaki R, Wada K, Yamamoto Y, Yoshikawa K, Yumoto K, Zolensky ME, Nakazawa S, Terui F, Tanaka S, Saiki T, Yoshikawa M, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. Pebbles and sand on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: In situ observation and particles returned to Earth. Science 2022; 375:1011-1016. [PMID: 35143255 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft investigated the C-type (carbonaceous) asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The mission performed two landing operations to collect samples of surface and subsurface material, the latter exposed by an artificial impact. We present images of the second touchdown site, finding that ejecta from the impact crater was present at the sample location. Surface pebbles at both landing sites show morphological variations ranging from rugged to smooth, similar to Ryugu's boulders, and shapes from quasi-spherical to flattened. The samples were returned to Earth on 6 December 2020. We describe the morphology of >5 grams of returned pebbles and sand. Their diverse color, shape, and structure are consistent with the observed materials of Ryugu; we conclude that they are a representative sample of the asteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Y Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - K Sakamoto
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y N Miura
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - C Okamoto
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Yamanouchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - Y Zhang
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - S Schwartz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA.,Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - F Thuillet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - H Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Noguchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.,Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - H Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - A Tsuchiyama
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - N Imae
- Polar Science Resources Center, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - K Kurosawa
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - A M Nakamura
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Sugita
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Morota
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - E Tatsumi
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Y Cho
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yoshioka
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - C Honda
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T Yoshimitsu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Kubota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Demura
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A I Suzuki
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.,Department of Economics, Toyo University, Tokyo 112-8606, Japan
| | - S Furuya
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Hatakeda
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - A Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Kumagai
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T R Ireland
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M Fujimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H C Connolly
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA.,Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hasegawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - C Hirose
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y Ishihara
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - K Kitazato
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA
| | - G Libourel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - B Marty
- Université de Lorraine, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - K Matsumoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Michikami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - O Mori
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - N Namiki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - A N Nguyen
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - L R Nittler
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - H Noda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Shimada
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Soldini
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | | | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yumoto
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M E Zolensky
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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17
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Hamm M, Grott M, Senshu H, Knollenberg J, de Wiljes J, Hamilton VE, Scholten F, Matz KD, Bates H, Maturilli A, Shimaki Y, Sakatani N, Neumann W, Okada T, Preusker F, Elgner S, Helbert J, Kührt E, Ho TM, Tanaka S, Jaumann R, Sugita S. Mid-infrared emissivity of partially dehydrated asteroid (162173) Ryugu shows strong signs of aqueous alteration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:364. [PMID: 35042881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu, the target of Hayabusa2 space mission, was observed via both orbiter and the lander instruments. The infrared radiometer on the MASCOT lander (MARA) is the only instrument providing spectrally resolved mid-infrared (MIR) data, which is crucial for establishing a link between the asteroid material and meteorites found on Earth. Earlier studies revealed that the single boulder investigated by the lander belongs to the most common type found on Ryugu. Here we show the spectral variation of Ryugu's emissivity using the complete set of in-situ MIR data and compare it to those of various carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, revealing similarities to the most aqueously altered ones, as well as to asteroid (101955) Bennu. The results show that Ryugu experienced strong aqueous alteration prior to any dehydration.
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18
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NAKAMURA E, KOBAYASHI K, TANAKA R, KUNIHIRO T, KITAGAWA H, POTISZIL C, OTA T, SAKAGUCHI C, YAMANAKA M, RATNAYAKE DM, TRIPATHI H, KUMAR R, AVRAMESCU ML, TSUCHIDA H, YACHI Y, MIURA H, ABE M, FUKAI R, FURUYA S, HATAKEDA K, HAYASHI T, HITOMI Y, KUMAGAI K, MIYAZAKI A, NAKATO A, NISHIMURA M, OKADA T, SOEJIMA H, SUGITA S, SUZUKI A, USUI T, YADA T, YAMAMOTO D, YOGATA K, YOSHITAKE M, ARAKAWA M, FUJII A, HAYAKAWA M, HIRATA N, HIRATA N, HONDA R, HONDA C, HOSODA S, IIJIMA YI, IKEDA H, ISHIGURO M, ISHIHARA Y, IWATA T, KAWAHARA K, KIKUCHI S, KITAZATO K, MATSUMOTO K, MATSUOKA M, MICHIKAMI T, MIMASU Y, MIURA A, MOROTA T, NAKAZAWA S, NAMIKI N, NODA H, NOGUCHI R, OGAWA N, OGAWA K, OKAMOTO C, ONO G, OZAKI M, SAIKI T, SAKATANI N, SAWADA H, SENSHU H, SHIMAKI Y, SHIRAI K, TAKEI Y, TAKEUCHI H, TANAKA S, TATSUMI E, TERUI F, TSUKIZAKI R, WADA K, YAMADA M, YAMADA T, YAMAMOTO Y, YANO H, YOKOTA Y, YOSHIHARA K, YOSHIKAWA M, YOSHIKAWA K, FUJIMOTO M, WATANABE SI, TSUDA Y. On the origin and evolution of the asteroid Ryugu: A comprehensive geochemical perspective. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2022; 98:227-282. [PMID: 35691845 PMCID: PMC9246647 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Presented here are the observations and interpretations from a comprehensive analysis of 16 representative particles returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. On average Ryugu particles consist of 50% phyllosilicate matrix, 41% porosity and 9% minor phases, including organic matter. The abundances of 70 elements from the particles are in close agreement with those of CI chondrites. Bulk Ryugu particles show higher δ18O, Δ17O, and ε54Cr values than CI chondrites. As such, Ryugu sampled the most primitive and least-thermally processed protosolar nebula reservoirs. Such a finding is consistent with multi-scale H-C-N isotopic compositions that are compatible with an origin for Ryugu organic matter within both the protosolar nebula and the interstellar medium. The analytical data obtained here, suggests that complex soluble organic matter formed during aqueous alteration on the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal (several 10's of km), <2.6 Myr after CAI formation. Subsequently, the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal was fragmented and evolved into the current asteroid Ryugu through sublimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo NAKAMURA
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Katsura KOBAYASHI
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ryoji TANAKA
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tak KUNIHIRO
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi KITAGAWA
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Christian POTISZIL
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tsutomu OTA
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Chie SAKAGUCHI
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masahiro YAMANAKA
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Dilan M. RATNAYAKE
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Havishk TRIPATHI
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Rahul KUMAR
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Maya-Liliana AVRAMESCU
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hidehisa TSUCHIDA
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yusuke YACHI
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hitoshi MIURA
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanao ABE
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryota FUKAI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shizuho FURUYA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro HATAKEDA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku HAYASHI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuya HITOMI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Marine Works Japan, Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya KUMAGAI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Marine Works Japan, Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko MIYAZAKI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aiko NAKATO
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro NISHIMURA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki OKADA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi SOEJIMA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Marine Works Japan, Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji SUGITA
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Planetary Exploration Research Center (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako SUZUKI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Marine Works Japan, Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro USUI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru YADA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daiki YAMAMOTO
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kasumi YOGATA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miwa YOSHITAKE
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi FUJII
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko HAYAKAWA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki HIRATA
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naru HIRATA
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Rie HONDA
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi HONDA
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi HOSODA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yu-ichi IIJIMA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi IKEDA
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masateru ISHIGURO
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoshiaki ISHIHARA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro IWATA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke KAWAHARA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shota KIKUCHI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Planetary Exploration Research Center (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei KITAZATO
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koji MATSUMOTO
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe MATSUOKA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - Tatsuhiro MICHIKAMI
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuya MIMASU
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira MIURA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu MOROTA
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru NAKAZAWA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki NAMIKI
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo NODA
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina NOGUCHI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoko OGAWA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori OGAWA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chisato OKAMOTO
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Go ONO
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu OZAKI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanao SAIKI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka SAWADA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki SENSHU
- Planetary Exploration Research Center (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri SHIMAKI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei SHIRAI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuto TAKEI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi TAKEUCHI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi TANAKA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eri TATSUMI
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fuyuto TERUI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryudo TSUKIZAKI
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji WADA
- Planetary Exploration Research Center (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu YAMADA
- Planetary Exploration Research Center (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya YAMADA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio YAMAMOTO
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime YANO
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro YOKOTA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke YOSHIHARA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto YOSHIKAWA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kent YOSHIKAWA
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki FUJIMOTO
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sei-ichiro WATANABE
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi TSUDA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Tens of thousands of planetary small bodies (asteroids, comets, and small moons) are flying beside our Earth with little understanding. Explorers on the surfaces of these bodies, unlike the Lunar or Mars rovers, have only few attempts and no sophisticated solution. Current concerns mainly focus on landing uncertainties and mobility limitations, which soft robots may suitably aid utilizing their compliance and adaptivity. In this study, we present a perspective of designating soft robots for the surface exploration. Based on the lessons from recent space missions and an astronomy survey, we summarize the surface features of typical small bodies and the associated challenges for possible soft robotic design. Different kinds of soft mobile robots are reviewed, whose morphology and locomotion are analyzed for the microgravity, rugged environment. We also propose an alternative to current asteroid hoppers, as a case of applying progress in soft material. Specifically, the structure is a deployable cube whose outer shell is made of shape memory polymer, so that it can achieve morphing and variable stiffness between liftoff and landing phases. Dynamic simulations of the free-fall landing are carried out with a rigid counterpart for comparison. The results show that the soft deployed shell can effectively contribute to dissipating the kinetic energy and attenuating the excessive rebounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Feng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglong Zhang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hexi Baoyin
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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20
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Irie T, Yamaguchi R, Watanabe SI, Katsuragi H. Deformation of a rotated granular pile governed by body-force-dependent friction. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:064902. [PMID: 35030911 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although the gravity dependence of granular friction is crucial to understand various natural phenomena, its precise characterization is difficult. We propose a method to characterize granular friction under various gravity (body force) conditions controlled by centrifugal force; specifically, the deformation of a rotated granular pile was measured. To understand the mechanics governing the observed nontrivial deformation of this pile, we introduced an analytic model considering local force balance. The excellent agreement between the experimental data and theoretical model suggests that the deformation is simply governed by the net body force (sum of gravity and centrifugal force) and friction angle. The body-force dependence of granular friction was precisely measured from the experimental results. The results reveal that the grain shape affects the degree of body-force dependence of the granular friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terunori Irie
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryusei Yamaguchi
- Technical Center, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Katsuragi
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
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21
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Huang C, Yu Y, Cheng B, Zhang K, Qiao D, Baoyin H. Sand creep motion in slow spin-up experiment: An analog of regolith migration on asteroids. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:L042901. [PMID: 34781559 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.l042901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We studied the creep motion of granular materials in a gradient potential field that is created using a slow spin-up experiment device. Natural sand confined in the acrylic box is spun up by a controlled turntable and the surface flows are captured using video-based measurements. Various spin-up accelerations were considered to understand the responses of creep motion on different accelerating paths. Convergent behaviors in the morphological change of sand surface were observed in the final steady state. To quantify the quasistatic spin-up process, we examined the net flux and the surface slope as a function of the spin rate and offset from the rotation axis. The creep motion of sand demonstrated behaviors similar to the regolith migration in numeric simulations. We have noticed the sand surface approaches criticality as the spin-up proceeding, consistent with the observation that top-shaped asteroids near limiting spin rate take on critical shapes. Comparisons to large-scale numeric simulations and analytical solutions reveal underlying similarities between the experiments and the million-year evolution of asteroid regolith under Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack acceleration, which raises the possibility of studying asteroid surface processes in laboratory analog experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Huang
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong Qiao
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hexi Baoyin
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Cambioni S, Delbo M, Poggiali G, Avdellidou C, Ryan AJ, Deshapriya JDP, Asphaug E, Ballouz RL, Barucci MA, Bennett CA, Bottke WF, Brucato JR, Burke KN, Cloutis E, DellaGiustina DN, Emery JP, Rozitis B, Walsh KJ, Lauretta DS. Fine-regolith production on asteroids controlled by rock porosity. Nature 2021; 598:49-52. [PMID: 34616055 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spacecraft missions have observed regolith blankets of unconsolidated subcentimetre particles on stony asteroids1-3. Telescopic data have suggested the presence of regolith blankets also on carbonaceous asteroids, including (101955) Bennu4 and (162173) Ryugu5. However, despite observations of processes that are capable of comminuting boulders into unconsolidated materials, such as meteoroid bombardment6,7 and thermal cracking8, Bennu and Ryugu lack extensive areas covered in subcentimetre particles7,9. Here we report an inverse correlation between the local abundance of subcentimetre particles and the porosity of rocks on Bennu. We interpret this finding to mean that accumulation of unconsolidated subcentimetre particles is frustrated where the rocks are highly porous, which appears to be most of the surface10. The highly porous rocks are compressed rather than fragmented by meteoroid impacts, consistent with laboratory experiments11,12, and thermal cracking proceeds more slowly than in denser rocks. We infer that regolith blankets are uncommon on carbonaceous asteroids, which are the most numerous type of asteroid13. By contrast, these terrains should be common on stony asteroids, which have less porous rocks and are the second-most populous group by composition13. The higher porosity of carbonaceous asteroid materials may have aided in their compaction and cementation to form breccias, which dominate the carbonaceous chondrite meteorites14.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cambioni
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - M Delbo
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - G Poggiali
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Florence, Italy
| | - C Avdellidou
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - A J Ryan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J D P Deshapriya
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Meudon, France
| | - E Asphaug
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M A Barucci
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Meudon, France
| | - C A Bennett
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - W F Bottke
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J R Brucato
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Florence, Italy
| | - K N Burke
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E Cloutis
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - D N DellaGiustina
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J P Emery
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - B Rozitis
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - K J Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Doyle
- The Information and Data Science Program Office, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Kubota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara Japan
| | - Martin Picard
- Space Exploration, Canadian Space Agency, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernd Sommer
- Automation and Robotics, German Aerospace Center Bonn, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Business Development and Industrial Relations Department, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Richard Volpe
- The Mobility and Robotic Systems Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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24
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Tatsumi E, Sakatani N, Riu L, Matsuoka M, Honda R, Morota T, Kameda S, Nakamura T, Zolensky M, Brunetto R, Hiroi T, Sasaki S, Watanabe S, Tanaka S, Takita J, Pilorget C, de León J, Popescu M, Rizos JL, Licandro J, Palomba E, Domingue D, Vilas F, Campins H, Cho Y, Yoshioka K, Sawada H, Yokota Y, Hayakawa M, Yamada M, Kouyama T, Suzuki H, Honda C, Ogawa K, Kitazato K, Hirata N, Hirata N, Tsuda Y, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Takei Y, Takeuchi H, Yamamoto Y, Okada T, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Sugita S. Spectrally blue hydrated parent body of asteroid (162173) Ryugu. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5837. [PMID: 34611167 PMCID: PMC8492871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ryugu is a carbonaceous rubble-pile asteroid visited by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Small rubble pile asteroids record the thermal evolution of their much larger parent bodies. However, recent space weathering and/or solar heating create ambiguities between the uppermost layer observable by remote-sensing and the pristine material from the parent body. Hayabusa2 remote-sensing observations find that on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu both north and south pole regions preserve the material least processed by space weathering, which is spectrally blue carbonaceous chondritic material with a 0-3% deep 0.7-µm band absorption, indicative of Fe-bearing phyllosilicates. Here we report that spectrally blue Ryugu's parent body experienced intensive aqueous alteration and subsequent thermal metamorphism at 570-670 K (300-400 °C), suggesting that Ryugu's parent body was heated by radioactive decay of short-lived radionuclides possibly because of its early formation 2-2.5 Ma. The samples being brought to Earth by Hayabusa2 will give us our first insights into this epoch in solar system history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tatsumi
- grid.17423.330000 0004 1767 6621Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain ,grid.10041.340000000121060879Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife Spain ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Sakatani
- grid.262564.10000 0001 1092 0677Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo Japan
| | - Lucie Riu
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Moe Matsuoka
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Rie Honda
- grid.415887.70000 0004 1769 1768Kochi University, Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Morota
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shingo Kameda
- grid.262564.10000 0001 1092 0677Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Michael Zolensky
- grid.419085.10000 0004 0613 2864NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Rosario Brunetto
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France
| | - Takahiro Hiroi
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Sho Sasaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Tanaka
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Jun Takita
- grid.474810.eHokkaido Kitami Hokuto High School, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Cédric Pilorget
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France
| | - Julia de León
- grid.17423.330000 0004 1767 6621Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain ,grid.10041.340000000121060879Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Marcel Popescu
- grid.418333.e0000 0004 1937 1389Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Juan Luis Rizos
- grid.17423.330000 0004 1767 6621Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain ,grid.10041.340000000121060879Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Javier Licandro
- grid.17423.330000 0004 1767 6621Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain ,grid.10041.340000000121060879Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Ernesto Palomba
- NAF, Instituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Domingue
- grid.423138.f0000 0004 0637 3991Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Faith Vilas
- grid.423138.f0000 0004 0637 3991Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Humberto Campins
- grid.170430.10000 0001 2159 2859University of Central Florida, Orland, FL USA
| | - Yuichiro Cho
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuo Yoshioka
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sawada
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokota
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayakawa
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Manabu Yamada
- grid.254124.40000 0001 2294 246XPlanetary Exploration Research Center (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba Japan
| | - Toru Kouyama
- grid.208504.b0000 0001 2230 7538National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidehiko Suzuki
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Honda
- grid.265880.10000 0004 1763 0236The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kohei Kitazato
- grid.265880.10000 0004 1763 0236The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naru Hirata
- grid.265880.10000 0004 1763 0236The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hirata
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuto Takei
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan ,grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuri Shimaki
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kei Shirai
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugita
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan ,grid.254124.40000 0001 2294 246XPlanetary Exploration Research Center (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba Japan
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25
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Sun X, Cremons DR, Mazarico E, Yang G, Abshire JB, Smith DE, Zuber MT, Storm M, Martin N, Hwang J, Beck JD, Huntoon NR, Rawlings DM. Small All-Range Lidar for Asteroid and Comet Core Missions. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3081. [PMID: 33925157 DOI: 10.3390/s21093081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a new type of space lidar specifically designed for missions to small planetary bodies for both topographic mapping and support of sample collection or landing. The instrument is designed to have a wide dynamic range with several operation modes for different mission phases. The laser transmitter consists of a fiber laser that is intensity modulated with a return-to-zero pseudo-noise (RZPN) code. The receiver detects the coded pulse-train by correlating the detected signal with the RZPN kernel. Unlike regular pseudo noise (PN) lidars, the RZPN kernel is set to zero outside laser firing windows, which removes most of the background noise over the receiver integration time. This technique enables the use of low peak-power but high pulse-rate lasers, such as fiber lasers, for long-distance ranging without aliasing. The laser power and the internal gain of the detector can both be adjusted to give a wide measurement dynamic range. The laser modulation code pattern can also be reconfigured in orbit to optimize measurements to different measurement environments. The receiver uses a multi-pixel linear mode photon-counting HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) array with near quantum limited sensitivity at near to mid infrared wavelengths where many fiber lasers and diode lasers operate. The instrument is modular and versatile and can be built mostly with components developed by the optical communication industry.
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Velbel MA, Zolensky ME. Thermal metamorphism of CM chondrites: A dehydroxylation-based peak-temperature thermometer and implications for sample return from asteroids Ryugu and Bennu. Meteorit Planet Sci 2021; 56:546-585. [PMID: 34262245 PMCID: PMC8252763 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The target bodies of C-complex asteroid sample return missions are carbonaceous chondrite-like near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), chosen for the abundance and scientific importance of their organic compounds and "hydrous" (including hydroxylated) minerals, such as serpentine-group phyllosilicates. Science objectives include returning samples of pristine carbonaceous regolith from asteroids for study of the nature, history, and distribution of its constituent minerals, organic material, and other volatiles. Heating after the natural aqueous alteration that formed the abundant phyllosilicates in CM and similar carbonaceous chondrites dehydroxylated them and altered or decomposed other volumetrically minor constituents (e.g., carbonates, sulfides, organic molecules; Tonui et al. 2003, 2014). We propose a peak-temperature thermometer based on dehydroxylation as measured by analytical totals from electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of matrices in a number of heated and aqueously altered (but not further heated) CM chondrites. Some CM lithologies in Maribo and Sutter's Mill do not exhibit the matrix dehydroxylation expected for surface temperatures expected from insolation of meteoroids with their known orbital perihelia. This suggests that insolated-heated meteoroid surfaces were lost by ablation during passage through Earth's atmosphere, and that insolation-heated material is more likely to be encountered among returned asteroid regolith samples than in meteorites. More generally, several published lines of evidence suggest that episodic heating of some CM material, most likely by impacts, continued intermittently and locally up to billions of years after assembly and early heating of ancestral CM chondrite bodies. Mission spectroscopic measures of hydration can be used to estimate the extent of dehydroxylation, and the new dehydroxylation thermometer can be used directly to select fragments of returned samples most likely to contain less thermally altered inventories of primitive organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Velbel
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesMichigan State University288 Farm Lane, Room 207, Natural Sciences BuildingEast LansingMichigan48824–1115USA
- Division of MeteoritesDepartment of Mineral SciencesNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20013–7012USA
| | - Michael E. Zolensky
- X12 Astromaterials Research and Exploration ScienceNASA Johnson Space CenterHoustonTexas77058USA
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Asphaug E. Eye of a skull reveals details of cometary materials. Nature 2020; 586:675-676. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-02941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Daly MG, Barnouin OS, Seabrook JA, Roberts J, Dickinson C, Walsh KJ, Jawin ER, Palmer EE, Gaskell R, Weirich J, Haltigin T, Gaudreau D, Brunet C, Cunningham G, Michel P, Zhang Y, Ballouz RL, Neumann G, Perry ME, Philpott L, Al Asad MM, Johnson CL, Adam CD, Leonard JM, Geeraert JL, Getzandanner K, Nolan MC, Daly RT, Bierhaus EB, Mazarico E, Rozitis B, Ryan AJ, DellaGiustina DN, Rizk B, Susorney HCM, Enos HL, Lauretta DS. Hemispherical differences in the shape and topography of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabd3649. [PMID: 33033038 PMCID: PMC7544500 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the shape of near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu by constructing a high-resolution (20 cm) global digital terrain model from laser altimeter data. By modeling the northern and southern hemispheres separately, we find that longitudinal ridges previously identified in the north extend into the south but are obscured there by surface material. In the south, more numerous large boulders effectively retain surface materials and imply a higher average strength at depth to support them. The north has fewer large boulders and more evidence of boulder dynamics (toppling and downslope movement) and surface flow. These factors result in Bennu's southern hemisphere being rounder and smoother, whereas its northern hemisphere has higher slopes and a less regular shape. We infer an originally asymmetric distribution of large boulders followed by a partial disruption, leading to wedge formation in Bennu's history.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Daly
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - O S Barnouin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - J A Seabrook
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Roberts
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - K J Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - E R Jawin
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E E Palmer
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Gaskell
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J Weirich
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T Haltigin
- Canadian Space Agency, St. Hubert, QC, Canada
| | - D Gaudreau
- Canadian Space Agency, St. Hubert, QC, Canada
| | - C Brunet
- Canadian Space Agency, St. Hubert, QC, Canada
| | | | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - Y Zhang
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - G Neumann
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M E Perry
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - L Philpott
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M M Al Asad
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C L Johnson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C D Adam
- KinetX Inc., Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - R T Daly
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - E Mazarico
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - B Rozitis
- School of Physical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - A J Ryan
- KinetX Inc., Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | - D N DellaGiustina
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B Rizk
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - H L Enos
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Hergenrother CW, Adam CD, Chesley SR, Lauretta DS. Introduction to the Special Issue: Exploration of the Activity of Asteroid (101955) Bennu. J Geophys Res Planets 2020; 125:e2020JE006549. [PMID: 33042723 PMCID: PMC7540007 DOI: 10.1029/2020je006549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu is an active asteroid experiencing mass loss. The activity manifests itself in the form of ejection events emitting up to hundreds of millimeter- to centimeter-scale particles. The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer spacecraft monitored particle activity for a 10-month period that included Bennu's perihelion and aphelion. Novel and classical methods were utilized to detect the particles and characterize their orbital and physical properties. Roughly 30% of the observed particle mass escaped to heliocentric orbit. A majority of particles fell back onto the surface of Bennu after ejection, with the longest-lived particle surviving for 6 days on a temporary orbit. Particle ejection events appear to preferentially take place in the afternoon and evening and from low latitudes, although they can occur at any time or latitude. The reaccumulation of material is biased toward low latitudes resulting in the possible in-fill of craters and growth of Bennu's equatorial bulge. Of the potential mechanisms behind this activity that were investigated in focused studies, meteoroid impacts, thermal fracturing, and ricochet-but not water ice sublimation-were found to be consistent with observations. While phyllosilicate dehydration was not investigated with a focused study, it remains a possible mechanism. These mechanisms are not unique to Bennu, suggesting that many near-Earth asteroids may exhibit activity that has gone undetected thus far. Spacecraft missions with wide-field imagers are encouraged to further characterize this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. R. Chesley
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
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Famiano MA, Boyd RN, Kajino T, Chiba S, Mo Y, Onaka T, Suzuki T. Explaining the Variations in Isotopic Ratios in Meteoritic Amino Acids. Astrobiology 2020; 20:964-976. [PMID: 32783564 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the isotopic abundances in meteoritic amino acids have found enhancements of 2H/H, 15N/14N, and 13C/12C in the amino acids in the meteorites studied. We show that they are consistent with the processing of the constituents of the meteorites by electron antineutrinos that would be expected from a core-collapse supernova or neutron-star merger. Using theoretical electron antineutrino cross-sections, we are able to predict these isotopic ratio variations depending on the time-integrated antineutrino flux at the site where the amino acids were processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Famiano
- Department of Physics and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Physics, Beihang University (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Richard N Boyd
- Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Toshitaka Kajino
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Physics, Beihang University (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Beijing, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- School of Physics, Beihang University (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Beijing, P.R. China
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Takashi Onaka
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Meisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Suzuki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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Terada K, Morota T, Kato M. Asteroid shower on the Earth-Moon system immediately before the Cryogenian period revealed by KAGUYA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3453. [PMID: 32694509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteoroid bombardment of the Earth-Moon system must have caused catastrophic damage to the terrestrial ecosphere. However, ancient meteoroid impacts and their relations to environmental changes are not well understood because of erosion and/or resurfacing processes on Earth. Here, we investigate the formation ages of 59 lunar craters with fresh morphologies and diameters greater than approximately 20 km and first find that 8 of 59 craters were formed simultaneously. Considering the radiometric ages of ejecta from Copernicus crater and impact glass spherules from various Apollo landing sites, we conclude that sporadic meteoroid bombardment occurred across the whole Moon at approximately 800 Ma. Based on crater scaling laws and collision probabilities with the Earth and Moon, we suggest that at least (4-5) × 1016 kg of meteoroids, approximately 30-60 times more than the Chicxulub impact, must have plunged into the Earth-Moon system immediately before the Cryogenian, which was an era of great environmental changes.
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Michel P, Ballouz RL, Barnouin OS, Jutzi M, Walsh KJ, May BH, Manzoni C, Richardson DC, Schwartz SR, Sugita S, Watanabe S, Miyamoto H, Hirabayashi M, Bottke WF, Connolly HC, Yoshikawa M, Lauretta DS. Collisional formation of top-shaped asteroids and implications for the origins of Ryugu and Bennu. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2655. [PMID: 32461569 PMCID: PMC7253434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asteroid shapes and hydration levels can serve as tracers of their history and origin. For instance, the asteroids (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu have an oblate spheroidal shape with a pronounced equator, but contain different surface hydration levels. Here we show, through numerical simulations of large asteroid disruptions, that oblate spheroids, some of which have a pronounced equator defining a spinning top shape, can form directly through gravitational reaccumulation. We further show that rubble piles formed in a single disruption can have similar porosities but variable degrees of hydration. The direct formation of top shapes from single disruption alone can explain the relatively old crater-retention ages of the equatorial features of Ryugu and Bennu. Two separate parent-body disruptions are not necessarily required to explain their different hydration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michel
- Universite Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France.
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - O S Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M Jutzi
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, NCCR PlanetS, Gesellsschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K J Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - B H May
- London Stereoscopic Company, London, UK
| | - C Manzoni
- London Stereoscopic Company, London, UK
| | - D C Richardson
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - S R Schwartz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Miyamoto
- Department of System Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hirabayashi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - W F Bottke
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - H C Connolly
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences, JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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33
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Redd NT. Diamonds in the rubble. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11187-11190. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005076117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Burbine TH, Greenwood RC. Exploring the Bimodal Solar System via Sample Return from the Main Asteroid Belt: The Case for Revisiting Ceres. Space Sci Rev 2020; 216:59. [PMID: 32624627 PMCID: PMC7319314 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sample return from a main-belt asteroid has not yet been attempted, but appears technologically feasible. While the cost implications are significant, the scientific case for such a mission appears overwhelming. As suggested by the "Grand Tack" model, the structure of the main belt was likely forged during the earliest stages of Solar System evolution in response to migration of the giant planets. Returning samples from the main belt has the potential to test such planet migration models and the related geochemical and isotopic concept of a bimodal Solar System. Isotopic studies demonstrate distinct compositional differences between samples believed to be derived from the outer Solar System (CC or carbonaceous chondrite group) and those that are thought to be derived from the inner Solar System (NC or non-carbonaceous group). These two groups are separated on relevant isotopic variation diagrams by a clear compositional gap. The interface between these two regions appears to be broadly coincident with the present location of the asteroid belt, which contains material derived from both groups. The Hayabusa mission to near-Earth asteroid (NEA) (25143) Itokawa has shown what can be learned from a sample-return mission to an asteroid, even with a very small amount of sample. One scenario for main-belt sample return involves a spacecraft launching a projectile that strikes an object and flying through the debris cloud, which would potentially allow multiple bodies to be sampled if a number of projectiles are used on different asteroids. Another scenario is the more traditional method of landing on an asteroid to obtain the sample. A significant range of main-belt asteroids are available as targets for a sample-return mission and such a mission would represent a first step in mineralogically and isotopically mapping the asteroid belt. We argue that a sample-return mission to the asteroid belt does not necessarily have to return material from both the NC and CC groups to viably test the bimodal Solar System paradigm, as material from the NC group is already abundantly available for study. Instead, there is overwhelming evidence that we have a very incomplete suite of CC-related samples. Based on our analysis, we advocate a dedicated sample-return mission to the dwarf planet (1) Ceres as the best means of further exploring inherent Solar System variation. Ceres is an ice-rich world that may be a displaced trans-Neptunian object. We almost certainly do not have any meteorites that closely resemble material that would be brought back from Ceres. The rich heritage of data acquired by the Dawn mission makes a sample-return mission from Ceres logistically feasible at a realistic cost. No other potential main-belt target is capable of providing as much insight into the early Solar System as Ceres. Such a mission should be given the highest priority by the international scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Burbine
- Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075 USA
| | - Richard C. Greenwood
- Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
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Morota T, Sugita S, Cho Y, Kanamaru M, Tatsumi E, Sakatani N, Honda R, Hirata N, Kikuchi H, Yamada M, Yokota Y, Kameda S, Matsuoka M, Sawada H, Honda C, Kouyama T, Ogawa K, Suzuki H, Yoshioka K, Hayakawa M, Hirata N, Hirabayashi M, Miyamoto H, Michikami T, Hiroi T, Hemmi R, Barnouin OS, Ernst CM, Kitazato K, Nakamura T, Riu L, Senshu H, Kobayashi H, Sasaki S, Komatsu G, Tanabe N, Fujii Y, Irie T, Suemitsu M, Takaki N, Sugimoto C, Yumoto K, Ishida M, Kato H, Moroi K, Domingue D, Michel P, Pilorget C, Iwata T, Abe M, Ohtake M, Nakauchi Y, Tsumura K, Yabuta H, Ishihara Y, Noguchi R, Matsumoto K, Miura A, Namiki N, Tachibana S, Arakawa M, Ikeda H, Wada K, Mizuno T, Hirose C, Hosoda S, Mori O, Shimada T, Soldini S, Tsukizaki R, Yano H, Ozaki M, Takeuchi H, Yamamoto Y, Okada T, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Iijima Y, Noda H, Kikuchi S, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa N, Ono G, Mimasu Y, Yoshikawa K, Takahashi T, Takei Y, Fujii A, Nakazawa S, Terui F, Tanaka S, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. Sample collection from asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2: Implications for surface evolution. Science 2020; 368:654-659. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Departments of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S. Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Y. Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M. Kanamaru
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - E. Tatsumi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N. Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R. Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - N. Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H. Kikuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M. Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Y. Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - S. Kameda
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M. Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H. Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - C. Honda
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T. Kouyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064 Japan
| | - K. Ogawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H. Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - K. Yoshioka
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - M. Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N. Hirata
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - M. Hirabayashi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - H. Miyamoto
- Department of Systems Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - T. Michikami
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - T. Hiroi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - R. Hemmi
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - O. S. Barnouin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - C. M. Ernst
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - K. Kitazato
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T. Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - L. Riu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H. Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - H. Kobayashi
- Departments of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S. Sasaki
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - G. Komatsu
- International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - N. Tanabe
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y. Fujii
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - T. Irie
- Departments of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - M. Suemitsu
- Departments of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - N. Takaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C. Sugimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K. Yumoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M. Ishida
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - H. Kato
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - K. Moroi
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - D. Domingue
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - P. Michel
- Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304 Nice, France
| | - C. Pilorget
- Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T. Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M. Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M. Ohtake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y. Nakauchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K. Tsumura
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H. Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Y. Ishihara
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - R. Noguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K. Matsumoto
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - A. Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - N. Namiki
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S. Tachibana
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M. Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H. Ikeda
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K. Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T. Mizuno
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - C. Hirose
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S. Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - O. Mori
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T. Shimada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S. Soldini
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - R. Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H. Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M. Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - H. Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y. Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T. Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y. Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K. Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y. Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H. Noda
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S. Kikuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T. Yamaguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N. Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - G. Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y. Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K. Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T. Takahashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y. Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A. Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S. Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - F. Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S. Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M. Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T. Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S. Watanabe
- Departments of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y. Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
- Departments of Space and Astronautical Science and Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
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36
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Abstract
The Near-Earth Asteroid 162173 Ryugu is a C-type asteroid which preserves information about the ancient Solar System and is considered enriched in volatiles such as water and organics associated with the building blocks of life, and it is a potentially hazardous object that might impact Earth. Hayabusa2 is the asteroid explorer organized by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to rendezvous with the asteroid and collect surface materials to return them to Earth. Thermography has been carried out from Hayabusa2 during the asteroid proximity phase, to unveil the thermophysical properties of the primitive Solar System small body, which offered a new insight for understanding the origin and evolution of the Solar System, and demonstrated the technology for future applications in space missions. Global, local, and close-up thermal images taken from various distances from the asteroid strongly contributed to the mission success, including suitable landing site selection, safe assessment during descents into the thermal environments and hazardous boulder abundance, and the detection of deployable devices against the sunlit asteroid surface. Potential applications of thermography in future planetary missions are introduced.
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37
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Arakawa M, Saiki T, Wada K, Ogawa K, Kadono T, Shirai K, Sawada H, Ishibashi K, Honda R, Sakatani N, Iijima Y, Okamoto C, Yano H, Takagi Y, Hayakawa M, Michel P, Jutzi M, Shimaki Y, Kimura S, Mimasu Y, Toda T, Imamura H, Nakazawa S, Hayakawa H, Sugita S, Morota T, Kameda S, Tatsumi E, Cho Y, Yoshioka K, Yokota Y, Matsuoka M, Yamada M, Kouyama T, Honda C, Tsuda Y, Watanabe S, Yoshikawa M, Tanaka S, Terui F, Kikuchi S, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa N, Ono G, Yoshikawa K, Takahashi T, Takei Y, Fujii A, Takeuchi H, Yamamoto Y, Okada T, Hirose C, Hosoda S, Mori O, Shimada T, Soldini S, Tsukizaki R, Iwata T, Ozaki M, Abe M, Namiki N, Kitazato K, Tachibana S, Ikeda H, Hirata N, Hirata N, Noguchi R, Miura A. An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime. Science 2020; 368:67-71. [PMID: 32193363 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft investigated the small asteroid Ryugu, which has a rubble-pile structure. We describe an impact experiment on Ryugu using Hayabusa2's Small Carry-on Impactor. The impact produced an artificial crater with a diameter >10 meters, which has a semicircular shape, an elevated rim, and a central pit. Images of the impact and resulting ejecta were recorded by the Deployable CAMera 3 for >8 minutes, showing the growth of an ejecta curtain (the outer edge of the ejecta) and deposition of ejecta onto the surface. The ejecta curtain was asymmetric and heterogeneous and it never fully detached from the surface. The crater formed in the gravity-dominated regime; in other words, crater growth was limited by gravity not surface strength. We discuss implications for Ryugu's surface age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Kadono
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu 807-8555, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Ishibashi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - C Okamoto
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Department of Regional Business, Aichi Toho University, Nagoya 465-8515, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - P Michel
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - M Jutzi
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Toda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Imamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Sugita
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - E Tatsumi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yoshioka
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - C Honda
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C Hirose
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - O Mori
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Shimada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Soldini
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TQ, UK
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - N Namiki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Kitazato
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - S Tachibana
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
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38
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Jaumann R, Schmitz N, Ho TM, Schröder SE, Otto KA, Stephan K, Elgner S, Krohn K, Preusker F, Scholten F, Biele J, Ulamec S, Krause C, Sugita S, Matz KD, Roatsch T, Parekh R, Mottola S, Grott M, Michel P, Trauthan F, Koncz A, Michaelis H, Lange C, Grundmann JT, Maibaum M, Sasaki K, Wolff F, Reill J, Moussi-Soffys A, Lorda L, Neumann W, Vincent JB, Wagner R, Bibring JP, Kameda S, Yano H, Watanabe S, Yoshikawa M, Tsuda Y, Okada T, Yoshimitsu T, Mimasu Y, Saiki T, Yabuta H, Rauer H, Honda R, Morota T, Yokota Y, Kouyama T. Images from the surface of asteroid Ryugu show rocks similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Science 2020; 365:817-820. [PMID: 31439797 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu is a 900-m-diameter dark object expected to contain primordial material from the solar nebula. The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) landed on Ryugu's surface on 3 October 2018. We present images from the MASCOT camera (MASCam) taken during the descent and while on the surface. The surface is covered by decimeter- to meter-sized rocks, with no deposits of fine-grained material. Rocks appear either bright, with smooth faces and sharp edges, or dark, with a cauliflower-like, crumbly surface. Close-up images of a rock of the latter type reveal a dark matrix with small, bright, spectrally different inclusions, implying that it did not experience extensive aqueous alteration. The inclusions appear similar to those in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jaumann
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany. .,Free University of Berlin, Institute of Geosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Schmitz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - T-M Ho
- DLR, Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany
| | - S E Schröder
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - K A Otto
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Stephan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Elgner
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Krohn
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Preusker
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Scholten
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Biele
- DLR, Microgravity User Support Center, Linder Höhe, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Ulamec
- DLR, Microgravity User Support Center, Linder Höhe, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Krause
- DLR, Microgravity User Support Center, Linder Höhe, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K-D Matz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Roatsch
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Parekh
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany.,Free University of Berlin, Institute of Geosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Mottola
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Grott
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - F Trauthan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Koncz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Michaelis
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Lange
- DLR, Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - M Maibaum
- DLR, Microgravity User Support Center, Linder Höhe, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Sasaki
- DLR, Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany
| | - F Wolff
- DLR, Institute of System Dynamics and Control, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - J Reill
- DLR, Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - A Moussi-Soffys
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales, 18 Avenue E. Belin, Toulouse 31401, France
| | - L Lorda
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales, 18 Avenue E. Belin, Toulouse 31401, France
| | - W Neumann
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - J-B Vincent
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Wagner
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - J-P Bibring
- L'Université de Paris Sud-Orsay, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France
| | - S Kameda
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Yoshimitsu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - H Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Rauer
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany.,Free University of Berlin, Institute of Geosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Honda
- Kochi University, Department of Information Science, Akebono, Kochi, Japan
| | - T Morota
- University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Aomi, Koto, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Agarwal J. Close-up view of an active asteroid. Science 2019; 366:1192-1193. [PMID: 31806797 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz7129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Agarwal
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany.
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40
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Glavin DP, Burton AS, Elsila JE, Aponte JC, Dworkin JP. The Search for Chiral Asymmetry as a Potential Biosignature in our Solar System. Chem Rev 2019; 120:4660-4689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Glavin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
| | - Aaron S. Burton
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, United States
| | - Jamie E. Elsila
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
| | - José C. Aponte
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, United States
| | - Jason P. Dworkin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
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41
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COHEN BA, SZALAY JR, RIVKIN AS, RICHARDSON JA, KLIMA RL, ERNST CM, CHABOT NL, STERNOVSKY Z, HORÁNYI M. Using dust shed from asteroids as microsamples to link remote measurements with meteorite classes. Meteorit Planet Sci 2019; 54:2046-2066. [PMID: 32256026 PMCID: PMC7120990 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the compositional diversity of asteroids, and their distribution in space, it is impossible to consider returning samples from each one to establish their origin. However, the velocity and molecular composition of primary minerals, hydrated silicates, and organic materials can be determined by in situ dust detector instruments. Such instruments could sample the cloud of micrometer-scale particles shed by asteroids to provide direct links to known meteorite groups without returning the samples to terrestrial laboratories. We extend models of the measured lunar dust cloud from LADEE to show that the abundance of detectable impact-generated microsamples around asteroids is a function of the parent body radius, heliocentric distance, flyby distance, and speed. We use Monte Carlo modeling to show that several tens to hundreds of particles, if randomly ejected and detected during a flyby, would be a sufficient number to classify the parent body as an ordinary chondrite, basaltic achondrite, or other class of meteorite. Encountering and measuring microsamples shed from near-Earth and Main Belt asteroids, coupled with complementary imaging and multispectral measurements, could accomplish a thorough characterization of small, airless bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. A. COHEN
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J. R. SZALAY
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A. S. RIVKIN
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - J. A. RICHARDSON
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - R. L. KLIMA
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - C. M. ERNST
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - N. L. CHABOT
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Z. STERNOVSKY
- LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Smead Aerospace Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. HORÁNYI
- LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Physics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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42
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Wurm G. Traveling to the origins of the Solar System. Science 2019; 364:230-231. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asteroid data from the Hayabusa2 mission support collisional evolution of a pristine body
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wurm
- University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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43
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Scheeres DJ, McMahon JW, French AS, Brack DN, Chesley SR, Farnocchia D, Takahashi Y, Leonard JM, Geeraert J, Page B, Antreasian P, Getzandanner K, Rowlands D, Mazarico E, Small J, Highsmith DE, Moreau M, Emery JP, Rozitis B, Hirabayashi M, Sánchez P, Wal SV, Tricarico P, Ballouz RL, Johnson CL, Asad MMA, Susorney HCM, Barnouin OS, Daly MG, Seabrook J, Gaskell RW, Palmer EE, Weirich JR, Walsh KJ, Jawin ER, Bierhaus EB, Michel P, Bottke WF, Nolan MC, Connolly HC, Lauretta DS. The dynamic geophysical environment of (101955) Bennu based on OSIRIS-REx measurements. Nat Astron 2019; 3:352-361. [PMID: 32601603 PMCID: PMC7323631 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-019-0721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The top-shape morphology of asteroid (101955) Bennu is commonly found among fast-spinning asteroids and binary asteroid primaries, and might have contributed significantly to binary asteroid formation. Yet a detailed geophysical analysis of this morphology for a fast-spinning asteroid has not been possible prior to the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission. Combining the measured Bennu mass and shape obtained during the Preliminary Survey phase of OSIRIS-REx, we find a significant transition in Bennu's surface slopes within its rotational Roche lobe, defined as the region where material is energetically trapped to the surface. As the intersection of the rotational Roche lobe with Bennu's surface has been most recently migrating towards its equator (given Bennu's increasing spin rate), we infer that Bennu's surface slopes have been changing across its surface within the last million years. We also find evidence for substantial density heterogeneity within this body, suggesting that its interior has a distribution of voids and boulders. The presence of such heterogeneity and Bennu's top-shape is consistent with spin-induced failure at some point in its past, although the manner of its failure cannot be determined yet. Future measurements by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will give additional insights and may resolve questions regarding the formation and evolution of Bennu's top-shape morphology and its link to the formation of binary asteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Scheeres
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J W McMahon
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A S French
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D N Brack
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S R Chesley
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D Farnocchia
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Y Takahashi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J M Leonard
- KinetX Aerospace, Inc., Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | - J Geeraert
- KinetX Aerospace, Inc., Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | - B Page
- KinetX Aerospace, Inc., Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D Rowlands
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - E Mazarico
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Small
- Aerospace Corporation, Chantilly, VA, USA
| | | | - M Moreau
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J P Emery
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - B Rozitis
- Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - P Sánchez
- Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Van Wal
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - P Tricarico
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C L Johnson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M M Al Asad
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H C M Susorney
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - O S Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M G Daly
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Seabrook
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R W Gaskell
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E E Palmer
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J R Weirich
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K J Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - E R Jawin
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E B Bierhaus
- Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Denver, CO, USA
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - W F Bottke
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M C Nolan
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H C Connolly
- School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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44
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Barnouin OS, Daly MG, Palmer EE, Gaskell RW, Weirich JR, Johnson CL, Asad MMA, Roberts JH, Perry ME, Susorney HCM, Daly RT, Bierhaus EB, Seabrook JA, Espiritu RC, Nair AH, Nguyen L, Neumann GA, Ernst CM, Boynton WV, Nolan MC, Adam CD, Moreau MC, Risk B, D'Aubigny CD, Jawin ER, Walsh KJ, Michel P, Schwartz SR, Ballouz RL, Mazarico EM, Scheeres DJ, McMahon J, Bottke W, Sugita S, Hirata N, Hirata N, Watanabe S, Burke KN, DellaGuistina DN, Bennett CA, Lauretta DS. Shape of (101955) Bennu indicative of a rubble pile with internal stiffness. Nat Geosci 2019; 12:247-252. [PMID: 31080497 PMCID: PMC6505705 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The shapes of asteroids reflect interplay between their interior properties and the processes responsible for their formation and evolution as they journey through the Solar System. Prior to the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer) mission, Earth-based radar imaging gave an overview of (101955) Bennu's shape. Here, we construct a high-resolution shape model from OSIRIS-REx images. We find that Bennu's top-like shape, considerable macroporosity, and prominent surface boulders suggest that it is a rubble pile. High-standing, north-south ridges that extend from pole to pole, many long grooves, and surface mass wasting indicate some low levels of internal friction and/or cohesion. Our shape model indicates that, similar to other top-shaped asteroids, Bennu formed by reaccumulation and underwent past periods of fast spin leading to its current shape. Today, Bennu might follow a different evolutionary pathway, with interior stiffness permitting surface cracking and mass wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M G Daly
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E E Palmer
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R W Gaskell
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J R Weirich
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C L Johnson
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M M Al Asad
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J H Roberts
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M E Perry
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - H C M Susorney
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - R T Daly
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - E B Bierhaus
- Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - R C Espiritu
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - A H Nair
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - L Nguyen
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - G A Neumann
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C M Ernst
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - W V Boynton
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M C Nolan
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C D Adam
- KinetX Aerospace, Inc. Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | - M C Moreau
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - B Risk
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - E R Jawin
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K J Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - S R Schwartz
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E M Mazarico
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D J Scheeres
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J McMahon
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - W Bottke
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Sugita
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Aizu University, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan
| | | | - S Watanabe
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - K N Burke
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - C A Bennett
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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45
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Kitazato K, Milliken RE, Iwata T, Abe M, Ohtake M, Matsuura S, Arai T, Nakauchi Y, Nakamura T, Matsuoka M, Senshu H, Hirata N, Hiroi T, Pilorget C, Brunetto R, Poulet F, Riu L, Bibring JP, Takir D, Domingue DL, Vilas F, Barucci MA, Perna D, Palomba E, Galiano A, Tsumura K, Osawa T, Komatsu M, Nakato A, Arai T, Takato N, Matsunaga T, Takagi Y, Matsumoto K, Kouyama T, Yokota Y, Tatsumi E, Sakatani N, Yamamoto Y, Okada T, Sugita S, Honda R, Morota T, Kameda S, Sawada H, Honda C, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Yoshioka K, Hayakawa M, Ogawa K, Cho Y, Shirai K, Shimaki Y, Hirata N, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa N, Terui F, Yamaguchi T, Takei Y, Saiki T, Nakazawa S, Tanaka S, Yoshikawa M, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. The surface composition of asteroid 162173 Ryugu from Hayabusa2 near-infrared spectroscopy. Science 2019; 364:272-275. [PMID: 30890589 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav7432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, the target of the Hayabusa2 sample-return mission, is thought to be a primitive carbonaceous object. We report reflectance spectra of Ryugu's surface acquired with the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on Hayabusa2, to provide direct measurements of the surface composition and geological context for the returned samples. A weak, narrow absorption feature centered at 2.72 micrometers was detected across the entire observed surface, indicating that hydroxyl (OH)-bearing minerals are ubiquitous there. The intensity of the OH feature and low albedo are similar to thermally and/or shock-metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. There are few variations in the OH-band position, which is consistent with Ryugu being a compositionally homogeneous rubble-pile object generated from impact fragments of an undifferentiated aqueously altered parent body.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitazato
- The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan.
| | | | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Ohtake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - T Arai
- Ashikaga University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Y Nakauchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - M Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - T Hiroi
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - R Brunetto
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - F Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - L Riu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - J-P Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - D Takir
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - F Vilas
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M A Barucci
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - D Perna
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Monte Porzio Catone, Italy.,Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - E Palomba
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - A Galiano
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - K Tsumura
- Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Osawa
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Komatsu
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - A Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Arai
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Takato
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Matsunaga
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Aichi Toho University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - E Tatsumi
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Sugita
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - C Honda
- The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Cho
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - A Yamaguchi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
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Sugita S, Honda R, Morota T, Kameda S, Sawada H, Tatsumi E, Yamada M, Honda C, Yokota Y, Kouyama T, Sakatani N, Ogawa K, Suzuki H, Okada T, Namiki N, Tanaka S, Iijima Y, Yoshioka K, Hayakawa M, Cho Y, Matsuoka M, Hirata N, Hirata N, Miyamoto H, Domingue D, Hirabayashi M, Nakamura T, Hiroi T, Michikami T, Michel P, Ballouz RL, Barnouin OS, Ernst CM, Schröder SE, Kikuchi H, Hemmi R, Komatsu G, Fukuhara T, Taguchi M, Arai T, Senshu H, Demura H, Ogawa Y, Shimaki Y, Sekiguchi T, Müller TG, Hagermann A, Mizuno T, Noda H, Matsumoto K, Yamada R, Ishihara Y, Ikeda H, Araki H, Yamamoto K, Abe S, Yoshida F, Higuchi A, Sasaki S, Oshigami S, Tsuruta S, Asari K, Tazawa S, Shizugami M, Kimura J, Otsubo T, Yabuta H, Hasegawa S, Ishiguro M, Tachibana S, Palmer E, Gaskell R, Le Corre L, Jaumann R, Otto K, Schmitz N, Abell PA, Barucci MA, Zolensky ME, Vilas F, Thuillet F, Sugimoto C, Takaki N, Suzuki Y, Kamiyoshihara H, Okada M, Nagata K, Fujimoto M, Yoshikawa M, Yamamoto Y, Shirai K, Noguchi R, Ogawa N, Terui F, Kikuchi S, Yamaguchi T, Oki Y, Takao Y, Takeuchi H, Ono G, Mimasu Y, Yoshikawa K, Takahashi T, Takei Y, Fujii A, Hirose C, Nakazawa S, Hosoda S, Mori O, Shimada T, Soldini S, Iwata T, Abe M, Yano H, Tsukizaki R, Ozaki M, Nishiyama K, Saiki T, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. The geomorphology, color, and thermal properties of Ryugu: Implications for parent-body processes. Science 2019; 364:252. [PMID: 30890587 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu is thought to have been produced from a parent body that contained water ice and organic molecules. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft has obtained global multicolor images of Ryugu. Geomorphological features present include a circum-equatorial ridge, east-west dichotomy, high boulder abundances across the entire surface, and impact craters. Age estimates from the craters indicate a resurfacing age of [Formula: see text] years for the top 1-meter layer. Ryugu is among the darkest known bodies in the Solar System. The high abundance and spectral properties of boulders are consistent with moderately dehydrated materials, analogous to thermally metamorphosed meteorites found on Earth. The general uniformity in color across Ryugu's surface supports partial dehydration due to internal heating of the asteroid's parent body.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sugita
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. .,Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - E Tatsumi
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - C Honda
- University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064 Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Namiki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshioka
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Cho
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Miyamoto
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Domingue
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | | | - T Nakamura
- Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Hiroi
- Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - T Michikami
- Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304 Nice, France
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA
| | - O S Barnouin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - C M Ernst
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - S E Schröder
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Kikuchi
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Hemmi
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Komatsu
- International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d'Annunzio, 65127 Pescara, Italy.,Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Fukuhara
- Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Taguchi
- Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Arai
- Ashikaga University, Ashikaga 326-8558, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - H Demura
- University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Ogawa
- University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Sekiguchi
- Hokkaido University of Education, Asahikawa 070-8621, Japan
| | - T G Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hagermann
- University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - T Mizuno
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Noda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - R Yamada
- University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Ishihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Araki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Abe
- Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| | - F Yoshida
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - A Higuchi
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Sasaki
- Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Oshigami
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Tsuruta
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Asari
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Tazawa
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Shizugami
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - J Kimura
- Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Otsubo
- Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo 186-8601, Japan
| | - H Yabuta
- Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S Hasegawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ishiguro
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - S Tachibana
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - E Palmer
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - R Gaskell
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - L Le Corre
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - R Jaumann
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Otto
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Schmitz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P A Abell
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - M A Barucci
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA)-Observatoire de Paris, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, 92195 Meudon Principal Cedex, France
| | - M E Zolensky
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - F Vilas
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - F Thuillet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Lagrange, 06304 Nice, France
| | - C Sugimoto
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Takaki
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Suzuki
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - M Okada
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Nagata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064 Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Oki
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Takao
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - C Hirose
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - O Mori
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Shimada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Soldini
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Nishiyama
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
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