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Li Y, Wu HH, Guo JY, Li H. Prediction of body mass index and skeletal maturity for early menarche risk at menarche onset: a cross-sectional study of Chinese girls. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077076. [PMID: 38413150 PMCID: PMC10900383 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the predictive value of body mass index (BMI) and skeletal maturity for the occurrence of early menarche in Chinese girls. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 785 girls aged 8.1-14.6 years who visited our hospital within 3 months of menarche onset. Early menarche was defined as menarche age (MA) <10 years. Skeletal maturity was classified based on the difference between bone age (BA) and chronological age (CA), termed BA-CA; advanced BA was defined as BA-CA>2 years. RESULTS The average MA was 10.7 (SD: 1.1) years, with a prevalence of early menarche of 23.3%. BA exhibited relative stability compared with MA, with an average of 12.8 (SD: 0.5) years at menarche onset. At menarche onset, the average height, weight and BMI were 149.1 (SD: 5.1) cm, 43.3 (SD: 7.2) kg and 19.4 (SD: 2.8) kg/m², respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated that every 1-year increment in BA-CA was independently associated with a 18.90-fold higher risk of early menarche (95% CI 11.77 to 30.32), respectively, and remained statistically significant even after adjusting for height or mid-parental height. Furthermore, the prediction of BA-CA for early menarche demonstrated a dose-dependent pattern across BMI categories, with the greatest risk observed in normal-weight girls, the lowest risk in obese girls and an intermediate risk in overweight girls at the same degree of BA advancement. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence supporting the significant contributions of BMI and skeletal maturity in predicting early menarche among Chinese girls at menarche onset. Additionally, the results suggest a dose-dependent relationship between skeletal maturity and BMI categories, with normal-weight girls displaying a higher risk of early menarche compared to overweight and obese girls with the same degree of BA advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Hong Wu
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yun Guo
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Chmielewski PP, Kozieł S, Borysławski K. Do the short die young? Evidence from a large sample of deceased Polish adults. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.86.1.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Body height is associated with various socioeconomic and health-related outcomes. Despite numerous studies, the relationship between stature and longevity remains uncertain. This study explores the association between self-reported height and lifespan. Data from 848,860 adults who died between 2004 and 2008 in Poland were collected. After excluding a small proportion of records due to missing data or errors, we examined records for 848,387 individuals (483,281 men, age range: 20–110 years; 365,106 women, age range: 20–112 years). Height was expressed as standardized residual variance derived from linear regression in order to eliminate the variance of year of birth on height. After the elimination of the cohort effect, five height classes were designated using centiles: very short, short, medium, tall and very tall. The differences between sexes and among classes were evaluated with two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test. The effect size was assessed using partial eta squared (η2). Pearson’s r coefficients of correlation were calculated. The effect of sex on lifespan was nearly 17 times stronger than the effect of height. No correlation between height and lifespan was found. In conclusion, these findings do not support the hypothesis that taller people have a longevity advantage. We offer tentative explanations for the obtained results.
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Ceconi V, Grigoletto V, Pellegrin MC, Faleschini E, Barbi E, Tornese G. Accuracy and consequences of reported target height. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:1513-1515. [PMID: 33245799 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Chiara Pellegrin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health ‐ IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Elena Faleschini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health ‐ IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- University of Trieste Trieste Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health ‐ IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health ‐ IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste Trieste Italy
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Grigoletto V, Occhipinti AA, Pellegrin MC, Sirchia F, Barbi E, Tornese G. Definition and prevalence of familial short stature. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:56. [PMID: 33750447 PMCID: PMC7941953 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence of novel definitions of familial short stature on a cross-sectional cohort of children referred for short stature when their height and that of both parents were measured. METHODS We consecutively enrolled 65 individuals referred for short stature when both parents were present. We defined "target height-related short stature" (TH-SS) when child's height is ≤ - 2 SDS and included in the range of target height; suspected "autosomal dominant short stature" (AD-SS) when child height and at least one parent height are ≤ - 2 SDS; "constitutional familial short stature" (C-FSS) when a child with TH-SS does not have any parents with height ≤ - 2 SDS. RESULTS Of 65 children referred for SS, 48 individuals had a height ≤ - 2 SDS. Based on the parents' measured heights, 24 children had TH-SS, 16 subjects AD-SS, and 12 individuals C-FSS. If we had considered only the parents' reported height, 3 of 24 children with TH-SS, 9 of 16 with AD-SS, and 10 of 12 with C-FSS would have been lost. CONCLUSION We suggest novel definitions to adequately detect and approach the cases of FSS since C-FSS (25%) might not need any specific investigation, while on the contrary, AD-SS (33%) should undergo genetic evaluation. Moreover, this study underlines that adequate measurement and consideration of children's and parents' heights (individually and together) are crucial in the clinical evaluation of every child with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Chiara Pellegrin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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Role of Parents in Body Mass Reduction in Children with Obesity-Adherence and Success of 1-Year Participation in an Intervention Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56040168. [PMID: 32283681 PMCID: PMC7230971 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity in children and adolescents results in a number of serious health-related consequences necessitating early treatment. Support from family members and family-focused lifestyle interventions can improve effectiveness of the treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of parental characteristics and family-based dietary habits on the adherence and success of a body mass reduction program in children with obesity included in a lifestyle intervention program after 1 year. Materials and Methods: The program included dietetic, psychosocial, and endocrine counseling given to individuals either alone or in groups and was conducted by a multidisciplinary team (consisting of endocrinologists, nurses, psychologists, social counselors, dietitians, and physiotherapists). A total of 113 children aged 10-17 years (mean age 12.9 ± 2.0; 60 girls, 53 boys) were included in the program. After 1 year of participation, the rate of adherence and success were assessed. The effect of the participants' general characteristics, including anthropometric data, as well as parental characteristics (marital status, employment, education, body mass index (BMI), duration of breastfeeding) and the circumstances of meal consumption (eating at home or outside, fast food consumption), was analyzed. Results: The most important factors predicting body mass reduction success were baseline BMI (p < 0.0001) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.04), but they did not predict body mass reduction adherence. Conclusions: The meal consumption habits and support from family members may be among the determinants of adherence to a body mass reduction program for preadolescents and adolescents with obesity. However, the results of the presented study suggested that baseline BMI and WHR are the most important determinants of the body mass reduction success.
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Abstract
The term primary gonadal failure encompasses not only testicular insufficiency in 46,XY males and ovarian insufficiency in 46,XX females, but also those disorders of sex development (DSD) which result in gender assignment that is at variance with the genotype and gonadal type. In boys, causes of gonadal failure include Klinefelter and other aneuploidy syndromes, bilateral cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, and forms of 46,XY DSD such as partial androgen insensitivity. Causes in girls include Turner syndrome and other aneuploidies, galactosemia, and autoimmune ovarian failure. Iatrogenic causes in both boys and girls include the late effects of childhood cancer treatment, total body irradiation prior to bone marrow transplantation, and iron overload in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia. In this paper, a brief description of the physiology of testicular and ovarian development is followed by a section on the causes and practical management of gonadal impairment in boys and girls. Protocols for pubertal induction and post-pubertal hormone replacement - intramuscular, oral and transdermal testosterone in boys; oral and transdermal oestrogen in girls - are then given. Finally, current and future strategies for assisted conception and fertility preservation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahane Ladjouze
- Faculté de Médecine d'Alger, Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bad El Oued, 1 Boulevard Said Touati, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Malcolm Donaldson
- Section of Child Health, School of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, United Kingdom.
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Vincent A, Souberbielle JC, Brauner R. Comparison of two bone markers with growth evolution in 74 girls with central precocious puberty. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:224. [PMID: 29986677 PMCID: PMC6038288 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bone markers bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen crosslinks (CTX) are correlated with growth rate during normal puberty. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum concentrations of BAP and CTX and growth evolution in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) to help predict adult height. Methods A retrospective single-center study was conducted in 74 girls with CPP for whom a serum sample at initial evaluation was available to retrospectively measure BAP and CTX concentrations; 66.2% of them were untreated. Results The serum BAP concentrations showed significant positive correlations with height in standard deviations (SDS) at the initial evaluation (n = 62; r = 0.31; p = 0.015) and with the difference between bone and chronological ages (n = 61; r = 0.39; p = 0.002). BAP was also positively correlated with adult height as measured in both cm and SDS in untreated patients (n = 19; r = 0.58; p = 0.009). The serum CTX concentrations showed significant positive correlations with growth rate the year before the initial evaluation as measured in both cm and SDS (n = 65; r = 0.34; p = 0.006). Conclusions This study revealed significant correlations of serum BAP and CTX concentrations with growth evolution in girls with CPP. The high positive correlation between serum BAP and adult height in untreated girls suggests that BAP can possibly be used to optimize models of adult height prediction in girls with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Vincent
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, 75940, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75743, Paris, France
| | - Raja Brauner
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, 75940, Paris, France.
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8
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Ouarezki Y, Cizmecioglu FM, Mansour C, Jones JH, Gault EJ, Mason A, Donaldson MDC. Measured parental height in Turner syndrome-a valuable but underused diagnostic tool. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:171-179. [PMID: 29255949 PMCID: PMC5758685 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS) is necessary to facilitate appropriate management, including growth promotion. Not all girls with TS have overt short stature, and comparison with parental height (Ht) is needed for appropriate evaluation. We examined both the prevalence and diagnostic sensitivity of measured parental Ht in a dedicated TS clinic between 1989 and 2013. Lower end of parental target range (LTR) was calculated as mid-parental Ht (correction factor 12.5 cm minus 8.5 cm) and converted to standard deviation scores (SDS) using UK 1990 data, then compared with patient Ht SDS at first accurate measurement aged > 1 year. Information was available in 172 girls of whom 142 (82.6%) were short at first measurement. However, both parents had been measured in only 94 girls (54.6%). In 92 of these girls age at measurement was 6.93 ± 3.9 years, Ht SDS vs LTR SDS - 2.63 ± 0.94 vs - 1.77 ± 0.81 (p < 0.001), Ht SDS < LTR in 78/92 (85%). Eleven of the remaining 14 girls were < 5 years, while karyotype was 45,X/46,XX in 2 and 45,X/47,XXX in 3. CONCLUSION This study confirms the sensitivity of evaluating height status against parental height but shows that the latter is not being consistently measured. What is Known: • Girls with Turner syndrome are short in relation to parental heights, with untreated final height approximately 20 cm below female population mean. • Measured parental height is more accurate than reported height. What is New: • In a dedicated Turner clinic, there was 85% sensitivity when comparing patient height standard deviation score at first accurate measurement beyond 1 year of age with the lower end of the parental target range standard deviation. • However, measured height in both parents had been recorded in only 54.6% of the Turner girls attending the clinic. This indicates the need to improve the quality of growth assessment in tertiary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Ouarezki
- Etablissement Public Hospitalier Hassen-Badi, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | | | - Jeremy Huw Jones
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF UK
| | - Emma Jane Gault
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Avril Mason
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF UK
| | - Malcolm D. C. Donaldson
- Section of Child Health, Glasgow University School of Medicine, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
- Child Health Section of University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF UK
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9
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Ferguson EC, Wright NP, Gibson AT, Carney S, Wright A, Wales JK. Adult height of preterm infants: a longitudinal cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102:503-508. [PMID: 27998884 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-310469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many infants born prematurely experience growth failure following delivery, with subsequent catch-up growth. Traditionally catch-up was thought to be complete in the first few years of life. Most studies have focused on groups of infants defined by birth weight, for example <1500 g, resulting in disproportionate numbers of small for gestational age infants. This study aimed to determine whether appropriate weight for gestation (AGA) preterm born children reach their expected adult height when compared with term controls. METHODOLOGY This UK based prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited 204 preterm children born at a tertiary neonatal unit during 1994 and 50 matched controls. Growth parameters have been assessed annually until the completion of growth. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the final height SD score (SDS) of children born at term (n=30) and those born prematurely and AGA (n=70) (0.45 term vs 0.22 preterm). Catch-up growth however, continued throughout the whole of childhood. When the difference between final height SDS and mid-parental height SDS were compared, there were again no significant differences (0.13 term vs 0.03 preterm). CONCLUSIONS Those born prematurely with an AGA achieve a comparable adult height to children born at term, however, catch-up growth continues for much longer than traditionally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Ferguson
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - N P Wright
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A T Gibson
- Department of Neonatology, Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Carney
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Wright
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J K Wales
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Health Queensland and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lipman TH, Cousounis P, Grundmeier RW, Massey J, Cucchiara AJ, Stallings VA, Grimberg A. Electronic Health Record Mid-Parental Height Auto-Calculator for Growth Assessment in Primary Care. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:1100-6. [PMID: 26507248 PMCID: PMC5576174 DOI: 10.1177/0009922815614352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary care providers are charged with distinguishing children with an underlying growth problem from those with healthy variant short stature. Knowing the heights of the biological parents aids in making that decision. This study sought to determine the feasibility and functionality of an electronic mid-parental height (MPH) auto-calculator in the clinical assessment of child growth in a pediatric primary care setting. Clinicians completed surveys for 62% of 6803 children (mean height 13 ± 7 percentile) with recorded parent heights. Collecting parent height data required <30 seconds in 91% of encounters. The MPH tool confirmed clinicians' initial growth assessment in 79% of cases and changed it in 4%; the remainder did not use the tool. Clinicians who changed assessment were more likely (P < .0001) to pursue more comprehensive evaluation. The MPH tool was a quick, functional resource as a component of an electronic health record system in actual, busy, pediatric primary care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri H. Lipman
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Robert W. Grundmeier
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Massey
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Virginia A. Stallings
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adda Grimberg
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Montgomery Sardar C, Kinmond S, Siddique J, Cooper A, McGowan S, Paterson W, Donnelly S, Gault EJ, Donaldson M. Short Stature Screening by Accurate Length Measurement in Infants with a Birth Weight <9th Centile. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 83:000376611. [PMID: 25847071 DOI: 10.1159/000376611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Intrauterine growth restriction is an indication for growth hormone treatment. Birth length (BL) is needed to evaluate the influence of birth size on childhood short stature. However, BL is commonly measured only approximately, if at all. A single-centre study was undertaken to determine the value of measuring accurate and targeted BL and parental height (PH) for neonates with a birth weight (BW) ≤9th centile, identifying short [BL ≤-2 standard deviation scores (SDS)] and light newborns (BW ≤-2 SDS), and remeasuring short neonates at 2 years in order to detect those not showing catch-up growth. METHODS Information was collected on all live births (n = 3,798) in a single maternity unit during a 1-year period. RESULTS BW was ≤9th centile in 481 neonates (12.7%) of whom 47 were light but not short, 46 were short, and 60 were both light and short. Of 107 eligible infants, 57 (53%) attended the 2-year follow-up; failure of catch-up growth was identified in 6 infants (11%) of whom only 1 was already known to medical services. PH was measured in both parents of 52/153 (34%) light and/or short infants. CONCLUSION Targeted and accurate BL measurement in newborns with a BW ≤9th centile is a promising alternative to the current practices. The feasibility of PH measurement after birth still requires further evaluation. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Montgomery Sardar
- Department of Child Health, University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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12
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van Dommelen P, van Buuren S. Methods to obtain referral criteria in growth monitoring. Stat Methods Med Res 2013; 23:369-89. [DOI: 10.1177/0962280212473301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An important goal of growth monitoring is to identify genetic disorders, diseases or other conditions that manifest themselves through an abnormal growth. The two main conditions that can be detected by height monitoring are Turner’s syndrome and growth hormone deficiency. Conditions or risk factors that can be detected by monitoring weight or body mass index include hypernatremic dehydration, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis and obesity. Monitoring infant head growth can be used to detect macrocephaly, developmental disorder and ill health in childhood. This paper describes statistical methods to obtain evidence-based referral criteria in growth monitoring. The referral criteria that we discuss are based on either anthropometric measurement(s) at a fixed age using (1) a Centile or a Standard Deviation Score, (2) a Standard Deviation corrected for parental height, (3) a Likelihood Ratio Statistic and (4) an ellipse, or on multiple measurements over time using (5) a growth rate and (6) a growth curve model. We review the potential uses of these methods, and outline their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula van Dommelen
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, TNO, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stef van Buuren
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, TNO, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Methodology & Statistics, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Allali S, Lemaire P, Couto-Silva AC, Prété G, Trivin C, Brauner R. Predicting the adult height of girls with central precocious puberty. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:PH41-8. [PMID: 21629198 PMCID: PMC3539549 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no absolute criteria for identifying those girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) who will benefit from gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment. Our objective was to predict at initial evaluation the differences between adult height (AH) and target height (TH) and (for untreated girls) the time between puberty onset and first menstruation. MATERIAL/METHODS The 122 girls with CPP who reached their AH included 70 who were given GnRHa because their predicted AH was <155 cm (n=24), their luteinising hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone peaks (FSH) ratio was >0.66 (n=41) and/or their estradiol was >15 pg/ml (n=40). The other 52 were untreated because their predicted AH was >155 cm. Multiple linear regressions were performed on several subsets of variables. RESULTS Treated: the difference between AH and TH (-0.6±5.4 cm) was predicted by (using SDS) =3.68 (height at initial evaluation - TH) - 1.94 (height at initial evaluation-predicted AH) - 4.23; R2=0.73. Untreated: the difference between AH and TH (1.7±4.3 cm) was predicted by =2.76 (height at initial evaluation - TH) - 3.68 LH/FSH peaks ratio - 3.49; R2=0.77. Time between puberty onset and first menstruation (years) was predicted by =12.2 - 1.06 age CPP - 0.4 (height at initial evaluation - TH); R2=0.75. CONCLUSIONS A greater difference between height at initial evaluation and TH (SDS) is associated with a greater AH in treated and untreated girls, as are smaller differences between height at initial evaluation and predicted AH in treated and lower LH/FSH peaks ratios in untreated girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Allali
- Université Paris Descartes and AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Unité d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
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14
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Gozzi T, Flück C, L'allemand D, Dattani MT, Hindmarsh PC, Mullis PE. Do centimetres matter? Self-reported versus estimated height measurements in parents. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:569-74. [PMID: 20050829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM An impressive discrepancy between reported and measured parental height is often observed. The aims of this study were: (a) to assess whether there is a significant difference between the reported and measured parental height; (b) to focus on the reported and, thereafter, measured height of the partner; (c) to analyse its impact on the calculated target height range. METHODS/RESULTS A total of 1542 individual parents were enrolled. The parents were subdivided into three groups: normal height (3-97th Centile), short (<3%) and tall (>97%) stature. Overall, compared with men, women were far better in estimating their own height (p < 0.001). Where both partners were of normal, short or tall stature, the estimated heights of their partner were quite accurate. Women of normal stature underestimated the short partner and overestimated the tall partner, whereas male partners of normal stature overestimated both their short as well as tall partners. Women of tall stature estimated the heights of their short partners correctly, whereas heights of normal statured men were underestimated. On the other hand, tall men overestimated the heights of their female partners who are of normal and short stature. Furthermore, women of short stature estimated the partners of normal stature adequately, and the heights of their tall partners were overestimated. Interestingly, the short men significantly underestimated the normal, but overestimated tall female partners. CONCLUSION Only measured heights should be used to perform accurate evaluations of height, particularly when diagnostic tests or treatment interventions are contemplated. For clinical trails, we suggest that only quality measured parental heights are acceptable, as the errors incurred in estimates may enhance/conceal true treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gozzi
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Comparison between Actual and Perceived Height of Parents of Children with Short Stature and Controls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2009; 2009:919405. [PMID: 20049154 PMCID: PMC2798108 DOI: 10.1155/2009/919405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. We investigate whether parents complaining of their children's short stature have misconception of their height. Methods. Parents were asked to report their own height and were then measured. We compared the difference between reported and actual height of parents of children with short stature (CSS) with that of parents coming for a well child care visit (WCC) and parents of children referred to the endocrinologist without short stature (Endo). The accuracy of reported height from short (below 25%) and tall (above 75%) parents was compared.
Results. The CSS fathers were shorter than WCC (P < .01) fathers. The CSS mothers were shorter
than the Endo (P < .01) and WCC (P < .001) mothers. There was no difference between reported and actual height when comparing the groups
based on the reason for the visit or based on the parental height. Conclusions. Parents of CSS and short parents do not have a misconception of their height.
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16
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17
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Abstract
No longitudinal study should go into the field prior to detailed piloting and validation studies of the measures and techniques to be used. Preparation should also involve the training of staff, the acquisition of space and appropriate equipment, and liaison with the community and ethical committees as well as with scientific collaborators. Because different measures will continually be introduced as the participants age, the preparation, piloting and validation studies have to be ongoing. Here we describe some of the different strategies that should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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18
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Weiss B, Skourikhin Y, Modan-Moses D, Broide E, Fradkin A, Bujanover Y. Is adult height of patients with celiac disease influenced by delayed diagnosis? Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:1770-4. [PMID: 18557713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short stature is one of the presenting symptoms of celiac disease (CD), and growth acceleration can be achieved with gluten-free diet (GFD). However, the data regarding final adult height of CD patients are scarce and inconclusive. Our aim was to evaluate the adult height of CD patients in relation to the age at diagnosis: < or =18 yr or >18 yr. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to CD patients > or =18 yr of age, who were either members of the Israeli Celiac Association or patients followed by the pediatric gastroenterology unit, including questions about height, weight, gender, age at diagnosis, and GFD adherence. The height Z scores were calculated for each patient. RESULTS In total, 290 patients (M/F = 83/207), age 38.9 +/- 15.5 yr (range 18-76), were included: 113 were diagnosed before and 177 after 18 yr of age (groups 1 and 2, respectively). The mean adult height was: 178.4 +/- 6.6 cm and 176.2 +/- 8.6 cm for men (P= 0.22), and 163.0 +/- 6.6 cm and 162.6 +/- 6.5 cm for women (P= 0.68) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The height Z scores were 0.230 +/- 0.931 and -0.07 +/- 1.19 for men (P= 0.22), and -0.05 +/- 1.02 and -0.101 +/- 0.990 for women (P= 0.68) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The final height inversely correlated with age at diagnosis in men (R =-0.275, P= 0.012) but not in women (R =-1.0, P= not significant [NS]). CONCLUSIONS The final height of patients with CD is similar to the general population. The adult height of male patients with CD is inversely related to the age at diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis of CD may lead to a shorter adult height in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batia Weiss
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, The Edmond & Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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19
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Wit JM, Clayton PE, Rogol AD, Savage MO, Saenger PH, Cohen P. Idiopathic short stature: definition, epidemiology, and diagnostic evaluation. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:89-110. [PMID: 18182313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic short stature is a condition in which the height of the individual is more than 2 SD below the corresponding mean height for a given age, sex and population, in whom no identifiable disorder is present. It can be subcategorized into familial and non-familial ISS, and according to pubertal delay. It should be differentiated from dysmorphic syndromes, skeletal dysplasias, short stature secondary to a small birth size (small for gestational age, SGA), and systemic and endocrine diseases. ISS is the diagnostic group that remains after excluding known conditions in short children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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Costa-Font J, Gil J. Generational effects and gender height dimorphism in contemporary Spain. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2008; 6:1-18. [PMID: 18060848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We examine the influence of socio-environmental (and birth cohort specific) effects on both adult height and gender dimorphism (height gap). Our data set is from contemporary Spain, a country governed by an authoritarian regime for about 40 years. Both OLS and quantile regression approaches are used to examine these patterns. Furthermore, we then draw upon a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition approach to explain the influence of socio-political environment in explaining gender dimorphism. Our findings point to a significant increase in adult height in the generations that benefited from the country's economic liberalization in the 1950s, and especially among those brought up after the transition to democracy in the 1970s. In contrast, individual heterogeneity suggests that only in recent generations has "height increased more among the tallest". We also find that the effects of education on height are greater among shorter individuals. Although the mean gender difference in height is 11.7cm, birth cohort and capabilities effects along with other controls explain on average roughly 4% of the gender height dimorphism, irrespective of the quantile considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Costa-Font
- LSE Health and European Institute, London School of Economics, London, UK.
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21
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Virmani A. Approach to a Child with Short Stature. APOLLO MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0976-0016(11)60124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Braziuniene I, Wilson TA, Lane AH. Accuracy of self-reported height measurements in parents and its effect on mid-parental target height calculation. BMC Endocr Disord 2007; 7:2. [PMID: 17407570 PMCID: PMC1852563 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical determination of mid-parental height is an important part of the assessment of a child's growth, however our clinical impression has been that parents cannot be relied upon to accurately report their own heights. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the accuracy of parental height self-reporting and its effect on calculated mid-parental target height for children presenting to a pediatric endocrinology office. METHODS All parents bringing their children for an initial evaluation to a pediatric endocrinology clinic over a period of nine months were questioned and then measured by a pediatric endocrinologist. Parents were blinded to the study. Mid-parental target heights, based on reported and actual height were compared. RESULTS There were 241 families: 98 fathers and 217 mothers in our study. Mean measured paternal height was 173.2 cm, self reported 174.9 cm (p < 0.0001), partner reported 177 cm (p = 0.0004). Only 50% of fathers and 58% of mothers reported their height within +/- 2 cm of their measured height, while 15% of fathers and 12% of mothers were inaccurate by more than 4 cm. Mean measured maternal height was 160.6 cm, self-reported 161.1 cm (NS), partner reported 161.7 cm (NS). Inaccuracy of height self-report had a small but significant effect on the mean MPTH (0.4 cm, p = 0.045). Analysis showed that only 70% of MPTH calculated by reported heights fell within +/- 2 cm of MPTH calculated using measured heights, 24% being in +/- 2-4 cm range, and 6% were inaccurate by more than 4 cm. CONCLUSION There is a significant difference in paternal measured versus reported heights with an overall trend for fathers to overestimate their own height. A large subset of parents makes a substantial error in their height self-report, which leads to erroneous MPTH. Inaccuracy is even greater when one parent reports the other parent's height. When a child's growth is in question, measured rather than reported parental heights should be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Braziuniene
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Andrew H Lane
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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