1
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Aterido A, López-Lasanta M, Blanco F, Juan-Mas A, García-Vivar ML, Erra A, Pérez-García C, Sánchez-Fernández SÁ, Sanmartí R, Fernández-Nebro A, Alperi-López M, Tornero J, Ortiz AM, Fernández-Cid CM, Palau N, Pan W, Byrne-Steele M, Starenki D, Weber D, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Han J, Myers RM, Marsal S, Julià A. Seven-chain adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis in rheumatoid arthritis reveals novel features associated with disease and clinically relevant phenotypes. Genome Biol 2024; 25:68. [PMID: 38468286 PMCID: PMC10926600 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the activation of T and B cell clones specific for self-antigens leads to the chronic inflammation of the synovium. Here, we perform an in-depth quantitative analysis of the seven chains that comprise the adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR) in RA. RESULTS In comparison to controls, we show that RA patients have multiple and strong differences in the B cell receptor repertoire including reduced diversity as well as altered isotype, chain, and segment frequencies. We demonstrate that therapeutic tumor necrosis factor inhibition partially restores this alteration but find a profound difference in the underlying biochemical reactivities between responders and non-responders. Combining the AIRR with HLA typing, we identify the specific T cell receptor repertoire associated with disease risk variants. Integrating these features, we further develop a molecular classifier that shows the utility of the AIRR as a diagnostic tool. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous sequencing of the seven chains of the human AIRR reveals novel features associated with the disease and clinically relevant phenotypes, including response to therapy. These findings show the unique potential of AIRR to address precision medicine in immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Aterido
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María López-Lasanta
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - Alba Erra
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Sant Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Raimon Sanmartí
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Tornero
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Ana María Ortiz
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Núria Palau
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian Han
- iRepertoire Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Yamada S, Nagafuchi Y, Fujio K. Pathophysiology and stratification of treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Med 2024; 47:12-23. [PMID: 37462450 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2023.2235734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention are clinical challenges of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially for treatment-resistant or difficult-to-treat patients. Little is known about the immunological mechanisms involved in refractory RA. In this review, we summarize previous research findings on the immunological mechanisms of treatment-resistant RA. Genetic prediction of treatment-resistant RA is challenging. Patients with and without anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies are considered part of distinct subgroups, especially regarding long-term clinical prognosis and treatment responses. B cells, T cells and other immune cells and fibroblasts are of pathophysiological importance and are associated with treatment responses. Finally, we propose a new hypothesis that stratifies patients with RA into two subgroups with distinct immunological pathologies based on our recent immunomics analysis of RA. One RA subgroup with a favorable prognosis is characterized by increased interferon signaling. Another subgroup with a worse prognosis is characterized by enhanced acquired immune responses. Increases in dendritic cell precursors and diversified autoreactive anti-modified protein antibodies may have pathophysiological roles, especially in the latter subgroup. These findings that improve treatment response predictions might contribute to future precision medicine for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yamada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Balashova D, van Schaik BDC, Stratigopoulou M, Guikema JEJ, Caniels TG, Claireaux M, van Gils MJ, Musters A, Anang DC, de Vries N, Greiff V, van Kampen AHC. Systematic evaluation of B-cell clonal family inference approaches. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:13. [PMID: 38331731 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of clonal families (CFs) in B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis is a crucial step to understand the adaptive immune system and how it responds to antigens. The BCR repertoire of an individual is formed throughout life and is diverse due to several factors such as gene recombination and somatic hypermutation. The use of Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) using next generation sequencing enabled the generation of full BCR repertoires that also include rare CFs. The reconstruction of CFs from AIRR-seq data is challenging and several approaches have been developed to solve this problem. Currently, most methods use the heavy chain (HC) only, as it is more variable than the light chain (LC). CF reconstruction options include the definition of appropriate sequence similarity measures, the use of shared mutations among sequences, and the possibility of reconstruction without preliminary clustering based on V- and J-gene annotation. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate different approaches for CF reconstruction and to determine their impact on various outcome measures such as the number of CFs derived, the size of the CFs, and the accuracy of the reconstruction. The methods were compared to each other and to a method that groups sequences based on identical junction sequences and another method that only determines subclones. We found that after accounting for data set variability, in particular sequencing depth and mutation load, the reconstruction approach has an impact on part of the outcome measures, including the number of CFs. Simulations indicate that unique junctions and subclones should not be used as substitutes for CF and that more complex methods do not outperform simpler methods. Also, we conclude that different approaches differ in their ability to correctly reconstruct CFs when not considering the LC and to identify shared CFs. The results showed the effect of different approaches on the reconstruction of CFs and highlighted the importance of choosing an appropriate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Balashova
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbera D C van Schaik
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Stratigopoulou
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen E J Guikema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Musters
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dornatien C Anang
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Baker KF, McDonald D, Hulme G, Hussain R, Coxhead J, Swan D, Schulz AR, Mei HE, MacDonald L, Pratt AG, Filby A, Anderson AE, Isaacs JD. Single-cell insights into immune dysregulation in rheumatoid arthritis flare versus drug-free remission. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1063. [PMID: 38316770 PMCID: PMC10844292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are typically characterised by relapsing and remitting flares of inflammation. However, the unpredictability of disease flares impedes their study. Addressing this critical knowledge gap, we use the experimental medicine approach of immunomodulatory drug withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remission to synchronise flare processes allowing detailed characterisation. Exploratory mass cytometry analyses reveal three circulating cellular subsets heralding the onset of arthritis flare - CD45RO+PD1hi CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD27+CD86+CD21- B cells - further characterised by single-cell sequencing. Distinct lymphocyte subsets including cytotoxic and exhausted CD4+ memory T cells, memory CD8+CXCR5+ T cells, and IGHA1+ plasma cells are primed for activation in flare patients. Regulatory memory CD4+ T cells (Treg cells) increase at flare onset, but with dysfunctional regulatory marker expression compared to drug-free remission. Significant clonal expansion is observed in T cells, but not B cells, after drug cessation; this is widespread throughout memory CD8+ T cell subsets but limited to the granzyme-expressing cytotoxic subset within CD4+ memory T cells. Based on our observations, we suggest a model of immune dysregulation for understanding RA flare, with potential for further translational research towards novel avenues for its treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Baker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Musculoskeletal Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - David McDonald
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gillian Hulme
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Genomics Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Genomics Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Swan
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Axel R Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucy MacDonald
- School of Infection and Immunity, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy E Anderson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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5
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Wang Q, Feng D, Jia S, Lu Q, Zhao M. B-Cell Receptor Repertoire: Recent Advances in Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024; 66:76-98. [PMID: 38459209 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the field of contemporary medicine, autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a prevalent and debilitating group of illnesses. However, they present extensive and profound challenges in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. A major reason for this is the elusive pathophysiological mechanisms driving disease onset. Increasing evidence suggests the indispensable role of B cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in autoimmune diseases display a distinct skewing that can provide insights into disease pathogenesis. Over the past few years, advances in high-throughput sequencing have provided powerful tools for analyzing B-cell repertoire to understand the mechanisms during the period of B-cell immune response. In this paper, we have provided an overview of the mechanisms and analytical methods for generating BCR repertoire diversity and summarize the latest research progress on BCR repertoire in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Overall, B-cell repertoire analysis is a potent tool to understand the involvement of B cells in autoimmune diseases, facilitating the creation of innovative therapeutic strategies targeting specific B-cell clones or subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Yuuki H, Itamiya T, Nagafuchi Y, Ota M, Fujio K. B cell receptor repertoire abnormalities in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326823. [PMID: 38361948 PMCID: PMC10867955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells play a crucial role in the immune response and contribute to various autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have revealed abnormalities in the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire of patients with autoimmune diseases, with distinct features observed among different diseases and B cell subsets. Classically, BCR repertoire was used as an identifier of distinct antigen-specific clonotypes, but the recent advancement of analyzing large-scale repertoire has enabled us to use it as a tool for characterizing cellular biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the BCR repertoire in autoimmune diseases incorporating insights from our latest research findings. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we observed a significant skew in the usage of VDJ genes, particularly in CD27+IgD+ unswitched memory B cells and plasmablasts. Notably, autoreactive clones within unswitched memory B cells were found to be increased and strongly associated with disease activity, underscoring the clinical significance of this subset. Similarly, various abnormalities in the BCR repertoire have been reported in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, BCR repertoire analysis holds potential for enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases. Moreover, it has the potential to predict treatment effects and identify therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yuuki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itamiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Akiyama Y, Harada K, Miyakawa J, Kreder KJ, O’Donnell MA, Daichi M, Katoh H, Hori M, Owari K, Futami K, Ishikawa S, Ushiku T, Kume H, Homma Y, Luo Y. Th1/17 polarization and potential treatment by an anti-interferon-γ DNA aptamer in Hunner-type interstitial cystitis. iScience 2023; 26:108262. [PMID: 38026177 PMCID: PMC10663743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC) is a rare, enigmatic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder with no curative treatments. In this study, we aimed to characterize the unique cellular and immunological factors specifically involved in HIC by comparing with cystitis induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, which presents similar clinicopathological features to HIC. Here, we show that T helper 1/17 +polarized immune responses accompanied by prominent overexpression of interferon (IFN)-γ, enhanced cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, and increased plasma cell infiltration are the characteristic inflammatory features in HIC bladder. Further, we developed a mouse anti-IFN-γ DNA aptamer and observed that the intravesical instillation of the aptamer significantly ameliorated bladder inflammation, pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction in a recently developed murine HIC model with little migration into the blood. Our study provides the plausible basis for the clinical translation of the anti-IFN-γ DNA aptamer in the treatment of human HIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Jimpei Miyakawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karl J. Kreder
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Maeda Daichi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Interstitial Cystitis Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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8
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Kang Z, Zhou XJ, Liu S, Guo S, Jin Q, Li T, Zhou L, Wu X, Wang YN, Lu L, He Y, Li F, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xu H. Interleukin 4-driven reversal of self-reactive B cell anergy contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1444-1454. [PMID: 37567607 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactivation of anergic autoreactive B cells (BND cells) is a key aetiological process in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. This study aimed to investigate how BND cells participate in the pathogenesis of SLE and the underlying mechanism. METHODS A combination of phenotypical, large-scale transcriptome and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire profiling were employed at molecular and single cell level on samples from healthy donors and patients with SLE. Isolated naïve B cells from human periphery blood were treated with anti-CD79b mAb in vitro to induce anergy. IgM internalisation was tracked by confocal microscopy and was qualified by flow cytometer. RESULTS We characterised the decrease and disruption of BND cells in SLE patients and demonstrated IL-4 as an important cytokine to drive such pathological changes. We then elucidated that IL-4 reversed B cell anergy by promoting BCR recycling to the cell surface via STAT6 signalling. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the significance of IL-4 in reversing B cell anergy and established the scientific rationale to treat SLE via blocking IL-4 signalling, also providing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to identify patients who are most likely going to benefit from such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Kang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University) Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qianmei Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Na Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University) Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanran He
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fubin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University) Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncai Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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García-Valiente R, Merino Tejero E, Stratigopoulou M, Balashova D, Jongejan A, Lashgari D, Pélissier A, Caniels TG, Claireaux MAF, Musters A, van Gils MJ, Rodríguez Martínez M, de Vries N, Meyer-Hermann M, Guikema JEJ, Hoefsloot H, van Kampen AHC. Understanding repertoire sequencing data through a multiscale computational model of the germinal center. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 36927990 PMCID: PMC10019394 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of B-cell and T-cell immune receptor repertoires helps us to understand the adaptive immune response, although it only provides information about the clonotypes (lineages) and their frequencies and not about, for example, their affinity or antigen (Ag) specificity. To further characterize the identified clones, usually with special attention to the particularly abundant ones (dominant), additional time-consuming or expensive experiments are generally required. Here, we present an extension of a multiscale model of the germinal center (GC) that we previously developed to gain more insight in B-cell repertoires. We compare the extent that these simulated repertoires deviate from experimental repertoires established from single GCs, blood, or tissue. Our simulations show that there is a limited correlation between clonal abundance and affinity and that there is large affinity variability among same-ancestor (same-clone) subclones. Our simulations suggest that low-abundance clones and subclones, might also be of interest since they may have high affinity for the Ag. We show that the fraction of plasma cells (PCs) with high B-cell receptor (BcR) mRNA content in the GC does not significantly affect the number of dominant clones derived from single GCs by sequencing BcR mRNAs. Results from these simulations guide data interpretation and the design of follow-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo García-Valiente
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Merino Tejero
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Stratigopoulou
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daria Balashova
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danial Lashgari
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélien Pélissier
- IBM Research Zurich, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu A F Claireaux
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Musters
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niek de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department for Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeroen E J Guikema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Hoefsloot
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Park M, de Villavicencio Diaz TN, Lange V, Wu L, Le Bihan T, Ma B. Exploring the sheep (Ovis aries) immunoglobulin repertoire by next generation sequencing. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:20-30. [PMID: 36867981 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the way we determine the antibody repertoires encoded by B cells in the blood or lymphoid organs and transformed our understanding of adaptive immune responses in many species. Sheep (Ovis aries) have been widely used as a host for therapeutic antibody production since the early 1980s, however, little is known about their immune repertoires or immunological processes affecting the antibody generation. The objective of this study was to employ NGS for a comprehensive analysis of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain repertoires in four healthy sheep. We obtained > 90 % complete antibody sequences and nearly 130,000, 48,000 and 218,000 unique CDR3 reads for the heavy chain (IGH), kappa chain (IGK), and lambda chain (IGL) loci, respectively. Consistent with other species, we observed biased usage of germline variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes in the heavy and kappa loci, but not in the lambda loci. Moreover, the enormous diversity of CDR3 sequences was observed through sequence clustering and convergent recombination. These data will build a foundation for future studies investigating immune repertoires in health and disease as well as contribute to further refinement of ovine-derived therapeutic antibody drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin Wu
- Rapid Novor Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bin Ma
- Rapid Novor Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
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11
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van Lieverloo GGA, Al-Soudi A, Wieske L, Klarenbeek PL, Anang DC, Adrichem ME, Niewold I, van Schaik BDC, van Kampen AHC, van Schaik IN, de Vries N, Eftimov F. B-cell and T-cell receptor repertoire in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, a prospective cohort study. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:69-78. [PMID: 36723274 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The immunopathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in an individual patient are largely unknown. Better understanding of these mechanisms may aid development of biomarkers and targeted therapies. Both B- and T-cell dominant mechanisms have been implicated. We therefore investigated whether B-cell and T-cell receptor (BCR/TCR) repertoires might function as immunological biomarkers in CIDP. In this prospective cohort study, we longitudinally sampled peripheral blood of CIDP patients in three different phases of CIDP: starting induction treatment (IT), starting withdrawal from IVIg maintenance treatment (MT), and patients in remission (R). BCR and TCR repertoires were analyzed using RNA based high throughput sequencing. In baseline samples, the number of total clones, the number of dominant BCR and TCR clones and their impact on the repertoire was similar for patients in the IT, MT, and remission groups compared with healthy controls. Baseline samples in the IT or MT did not predict treatment response or potential relapse at follow-up. Treatment responders in the IT group showed a potential IVIg-induced increase in the number of dominant BCR clones and their impact at follow-up (baseline1.0 [IQR 1.0-2.8] vs. 6 m 3.5 [0.3-6.8]; P < .05, Wilcoxon test). Although the BCR repertoire changed over time, the TCR repertoire remained robustly stable. We conclude that TCR and BCR repertoire distributions do not predict disease activity, treatment response or response to treatment withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G A van Lieverloo
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Al-Soudi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P L Klarenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D C Anang
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E Adrichem
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Niewold
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Genome Analysis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B D C van Schaik
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science (EDS), Bioinformatics Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H C van Kampen
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science (EDS), Bioinformatics Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I N van Schaik
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N de Vries
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Jordan-Paiz A, Martrus G, Steinert FL, Kaufmann M, Sagebiel AF, Schreurs RRCE, Rechtien A, Baumdick ME, Jung JM, Möller KJ, Wegner L, Grüttner C, Richert L, Thünauer R, Schroeder-Schwarz J, van Goudoever JB, Geijtenbeek TBH, Altfeld M, Pals ST, Perez D, Klarenbeek PL, Tomuschat C, Sauter G, Königs I, Schumacher U, Friese MA, Melling N, Reinshagen K, Bunders MJ. CXCR5 +PD-1 ++ CD4 + T cells colonize infant intestines early in life and promote B cell maturation. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:201-213. [PMID: 36600048 PMCID: PMC9886971 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in infants. The induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells (TFH cells). We investigated the ontogeny of CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells in human intestines. While CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells were absent in fetal intestines, CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells increased after birth and were abundant in infant intestines, resulting in significant higher numbers compared to adults. These findings were supported by scRNAseq analyses, showing increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells with a TFH gene signature in infant intestines compared to blood. Co-cultures of autologous infant intestinal CXCR5+PD-1+/-CD4+ T cells with B cells further demonstrated that infant intestinal TFH cells were able to effectively promote class switching and antibody production by B cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that functional TFH cells are numerous in infant intestines, making them a promising target for oral pediatric vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jordan-Paiz
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Fenja L Steinert
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Max Kaufmann
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Adrian F Sagebiel
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Renée R C E Schreurs
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Rechtien
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Martin E Baumdick
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Johannes M Jung
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Kimberly J Möller
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Lucy Wegner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Cordula Grüttner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and INRIA SISTM Team, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schroeder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Paul L Klarenbeek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Tomuschat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Ingo Königs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, 22763, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany.
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
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13
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Merino-Vico A, Frazzei G, van Hamburg JP, Tas SW. Targeting B cells and plasma cells in autoimmune diseases: From established treatments to novel therapeutic approaches. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149675. [PMID: 36314264 PMCID: PMC10099814 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the recognition of self-antigens by the immune system, which leads to inflammation and tissue damage. B cells are directly and indirectly involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity, both via antigen-presentation to T cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines and/or autoantibodies. Consequently, B lineage cells have been identified as therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. B cell depleting strategies have proven beneficial in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), multiple sclerosis (MS), and a wide range of other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). However, not all patients respond to treatment or may not reach (drug-free) remission. Moreover, B cell depleting therapies do not always target all B cell subsets, such as short-lived and long-lived plasma cells. These cells play an active role in autoimmunity and in certain diseases their depletion would be beneficial to achieve disease remission. In the current review article, we provide an overview of novel strategies to target B lineage cells in autoimmune diseases, with the focus on rheumatic diseases. Both advanced therapies that have recently become available and more experimental treatments that may reach the clinic in the near future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Vico
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giulia Frazzei
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Schäfer AL, Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Kraemer AN, Chevalier N. Crosstalk in the diseased plasma cell niche - the force of inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120398. [PMID: 36895566 PMCID: PMC9989665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Hardt U, Corcoran MM, Narang S, Malmström V, Padyukov L, Karlsson Hedestam GB. Analysis of IGH allele content in a sample group of rheumatoid arthritis patients demonstrates unrevealed population heterogeneity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1073414. [PMID: 36798124 PMCID: PMC9927645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1073414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) germline gene variations influence the B cell receptor repertoire, with resulting biological consequences such as shaping our response to infections and altering disease susceptibilities. However, the lack of information on polymorphism frequencies in the IGH loci at the population level makes association studies challenging. Here, we genotyped a pilot group of 30 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to examine IGH allele content and frequencies in this group. Eight novel IGHV alleles and one novel IGHJ allele were identified in the study. 15 cases were haplotypable using heterozygous IGHJ6 or IGHD anchors. One variant, IGHV4-34*01_S0742, was found in three out of 30 cases and included a single nucleotide change resulting in a non-canonical recombination signal sequence (RSS) heptamer. This variant allele, shown by haplotype analysis to be non-expressed, was also found in three out of 30 healthy controls and matched a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) described in the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) collection with frequencies that varied between population groups. Our finding of previously unreported alleles in a relatively small group of individuals with RA illustrates the need for baseline information about IG allelic frequencies in targeted study groups in preparation for future analysis of these genes in disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Hardt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin M Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjana Narang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Musters A, Balzaretti G, van Schaik BDC, Jongejan A, van der Weele L, Tas SW, van Kampen AHC, de Vries N. In rheumatoid arthritis inflamed joints share dominant patient-specific B-cell clones. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915687. [PMID: 35967291 PMCID: PMC9363889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) different joints were shown to share the same dominant T-cell clones, suggesting shared characteristics of the inflammatory process and indicating that strategies to selectively target the antigen receptor might be feasible. Since T- and B-lymphocytes closely interact in adaptive responses, we analysed to what extent different joints also share dominant B-cell clones. Methods In 11 RA patients, quantitative B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis was performed in simultaneously obtained samples from inflamed synovial tissue (ST) from distinct locations within one joint, from multiple joints, from synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB). Results ST biopsies from different locations in the same joint showed clear overlap in the top-25 dominant BCR clones (16.7%, SD 12.5), in the same range as the overlap between ST and SF in the same joint (8.0%, SD 8.8) and the overlap between ST-ST between different joints (9.1%, SD 8.2), but clearly higher than the overlap between ST and PB (1.7%, SD 2.4; p<0.05) and SF and PB (2.7%, SD 4.1; p<0.05). Interestingly, these figures were substantially lower than the overlap observed in previous T-cell clonality studies. Conclusions We conclude that in RA BCR clonal responses may be more localized than TCR clonal responses, pointing to antigen-selective influx, proliferation and/or maturation of B-cells. B lineage cells in the SF may adequately represent the dominant BCR clones of the ST, which is in contrast to T-cells. Collectively, the presence of shared B- and especially T-cells in different joints from the same patient suggests that approaches might be feasible that aim to develop antigen-receptor specific targeting of lymphocyte clones in RA as an alternative to more generalized immunosuppressive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Musters
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giulia Balzaretti
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbera D. C. van Schaik
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda van der Weele
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antoine H. C. van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC)/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Niek de Vries,
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17
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Chen H, Zhao J, Hu J, Xiao X, Shi W, Yao Y, Wang Y, G M S. Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers, Immune Infiltration Characteristics, and Potential Compounds in Rheumatoid Arthritis. BioMed Research International 2022; 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35434133 PMCID: PMC9007666 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1926661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study is aimed at investigating the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by identifying key biomarkers, associated immune infiltration, and small-molecule compounds using bioinformatic analysis. Methods Six datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the batch effect was adjusted. Functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyse differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, candidate small-molecule drugs associated with RA were selected from the Connectivity Map (CMap) database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on DEGs to screen for RA diagnostic markers. The receiver operating characteristic curve, concordance index, and GiViTi calibration band were the metrics used to assess the diagnostic markers of RA identified in this analysis. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was performed to calculate the scores of infiltrating immune cells and evaluate the activities of immune-related pathways. Finally, the correlation between screening markers and RA diagnosis was determined. Results A total of 227 DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and KEGG revealed that DEGs were enriched by the immune response. CMap analysis identified 11 small-molecule compounds with therapeutic potential for RA. In gene expression, the activities of 13 immune cells and 12 immune-related pathways significantly differed between patients with RA and healthy controls. DPYSL3 and SPP1 had the potential to diagnose RA. SPP1 expression was positively correlated with DPYSL3 in 11 immune cells and 10 immune-related pathways. Conclusion This study comprehensively analysed DEGs and immune infiltration and screened for potential diagnostic markers and small-molecule compounds of RA.
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Meednu N, Barnard J, Callahan K, Coca A, Marston B, Thiele R, Tabechian D, Bolster M, Curtis J, Mackay M, Graf J, Keating R, Smith E, Boyle K, Keyes-Elstein L, Welch B, Goldmuntz E, Anolik JH. Activated Peripheral Blood B Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Relationship to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment and Response: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effects of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor on B Cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:200-211. [PMID: 34347945 PMCID: PMC8795463 DOI: 10.1002/art.41941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE B cells can become activated in germinal center (GC) reactions in secondary lymphoid tissue and in ectopic GCs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium that may be tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) dependent. This study was undertaken to characterize the peripheral B cell compartment longitudinally during anti-TNF therapy in RA. METHODS Participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive standard dosing regimens of etanercept (n = 43) or adalimumab (n = 20) for 24 weeks. Eligible participants met the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for RA, had clinically active disease (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints >4.4), and were receiving stable doses of methotrexate. The primary mechanistic end point was the change in switched memory B cell fraction from baseline to week 12 in each treatment group. RESULTS B cell subsets remained surprisingly stable over the course of the study regardless of treatment group, with no significant change in memory B cells. Blockade of TNF and LT with etanercept compared to blockade of TNF alone with adalimumab did not translate into significant differences in clinical response. The frequencies of multiple activated B cell populations, including CD21- double-negative memory and activated naive B cells, were higher in RA nonresponders at all time points, and CD95+ activated B cell frequencies were increased in patients receiving anti-TNF treatment in the nonresponder group. In contrast, frequencies of transitional B cells-a putative regulatory subset-were lower in the nonresponders. CONCLUSION Overall, our results support the notion that peripheral blood B cell subsets are remarkably stable in RA and not differentially impacted by dual blockade of TNF and LT with etanercept or single blockade of TNF with adalimumab. Activated B cells do associate with a less robust response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Meednu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jennifer Barnard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kelly Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Andreea Coca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Bethany Marston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ralf Thiele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Darren Tabechian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | - Meggan Mackay
- Autoimmune & Musculoskeletal Disorders, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Jonathan Graf
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Karen Boyle
- Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer H. Anolik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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19
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Gonsior A, Neuhaus J. [Interstitial cystitis: the latest findings on its aetiopathogenesis]. Aktuelle Urol 2021; 52:539-546. [PMID: 34847607 DOI: 10.1055/a-1652-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New findings provide progress in the understanding of the complicated aetiopathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), whose causalities have only been deciphered in fragments so far. An increasingly complex network of pathomechanisms is emerging, in which the frequently mentioned mast cells and urothelial changes seem to be only a fragment of the pathological changes. The latest findings regarding a possible genetic and epigenetic predisposition are based on pedigree analyses, detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and significant changes in differentially expressed genes. Multiple alterations can be detected at the molecular level. Platelet-activating factor, VEGF, corticotropin-releasing hormone and the inflammasome are important players in understanding the disease, but the pathomechanism underlying the "activation" of IC remains unclear. New starting points could be the detection of viruses (Epstein-Barr virus, BK polyomaviruses) or bacterial inflammation by pathogens that cannot be detected in standard cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gonsior
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
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20
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Neuhaus J, Berndt-Paetz M, Gonsior A. Biomarkers in the Light of the Etiopathology of IC/BPS. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122231. [PMID: 34943467 PMCID: PMC8700473 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focused on putatively interesting biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) in relation to the etiopathology of this disease. Since its etiopathology is still under discussion, the development of novel biomarkers is critical for the correct classification of the patients in order to open personalized treatment options, on the one hand, and to separate true IC/BPS from the numerous confusable diseases with comparable symptom spectra on the other hand. There is growing evidence supporting the notion that the classical or Hunner-type IC (HIC) and the non-Hunner-type IC (NHIC) are different diseases with different etiopathologies and different pathophysiology at the full-blown state. While genetic alterations indicate close relationship to allergic and autoimmune diseases, at present, the genetic origin of IC/BPS could be identified. Disturbed angiogenesis and impairment of the microvessels could be linked to altered humoral signaling cascades leading to enhanced VEGF levels which in turn could enhance leucocyte and mast cell invasion. Recurrent or chronic urinary tract infection has been speculated to promote IC/BPS. New findings show that occult virus infections occurred in most IC/BPS patients and that the urinary microbiome was altered, supporting the hypothesis of infections as major players in IC/BPS. Environmental and nutritional factors may also influence IC/BPS, at least at a late state (e.g., cigarette smoking can enhance IC/BPS symptoms). The damage of the urothelial barrier could possibly be the result of many different causality chains and mark the final state of IC/BPS, the causes of this development having been introduced years ago. We conclude that the etiopathology of IC/BPS is complex, involving regulatory mechanisms at various levels. However, using novel molecular biologic techniques promise more sophisticated analysis of this pathophysiological network, resulting in a constantly improvement of our understanding of IC/BPS and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratory, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9717-688
| | - Mandy Berndt-Paetz
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratory, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Andreas Gonsior
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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21
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Liu X, Chen B, Huang Z, Duan R, Li H, Xie L, Wang R, Li Z, Gao Y, Zheng Y, Su W. Effects of poor sleep on the immune cell landscape as assessed by single-cell analysis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1325. [PMID: 34824394 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep has become an important public health issue. With loss of sleep durations, poor sleep has been linked to the increased risks for diseases. Here we employed mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing to obtain a comprehensive human immune cells landscape in the context of poor sleep, which was analyzed in the context of subset composition, gene signatures, enriched pathways, transcriptional regulatory networks, and intercellular interactions. Participants subjected to staying up had increased T and plasma cell frequency, along with upregulated autoimmune-related markers and pathways in CD4+ T and B cells. Additionally, staying up reduced the differentiation and immune activity of cytotoxic cells, indicative of a predisposition to infection and tumor development. Finally, staying up influenced myeloid subsets distribution and induced inflammation development and cellular senescence. These findings could potentially give high-dimensional and advanced insights for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathologic conditions related to poor sleep.
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22
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Lee SY, Moon SJ, Moon YM, Seo HB, Ryu JG, Lee AR, Lee CR, Kim DS, Her YM, Choi JW, Kwok SK, Park SH, Cho ML. A novel cytokine consisting of the p40 and EBI3 subunits suppresses experimental autoimmune arthritis via reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 19:79-91. [PMID: 34782759 PMCID: PMC8752814 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine family is closely related to the development of T helper cells, which are responsible for autoimmune disease enhancement or suppression. IL-12 family members are generally heterodimers and share three α-subunits (p35, p19, and p28) and two β-subunits (p40 and EBI3). However, a β-sheet p40 homodimer has been shown to exist and antagonize IL-12 and IL-23 signaling 1. Therefore, we assumed the existence of a p40-EBI3 heterodimer in nature and sought to investigate its role in immune regulation. METHODS The presence of the p40-EBI3 heterodimer was confirmed by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and western blotting. A p40-EBI3 vector and p40-EBI3-Fc protein were synthesized to confirm the immunological role of this protein in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The anti-inflammatory effects of p40-EBI3 were analyzed with regard to clinical, histological, and immune cell-regulating features in mice with CIA. RESULTS Clinical arthritis scores and the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were significantly attenuated in p40-EBI3-overexpressing and p40-EBI3-Fc-treated mice with CIA compared to vehicle-treated mice with CIA. Structural joint damage and vessel formation-related gene expression were also reduced by p40-EBI3 heterodimer treatment. In vitro, the p40-EBI3-Fc protein significantly suppressed the differentiation of Th17 cells and reciprocally induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (regulatory T) cells. p40-EBI3 also inhibited osteoclast formation in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION In this study, p40-EBI3 ameliorated proinflammatory conditions both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that p40-EBI3 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in suppressing the immune response through the expansion of Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Mee Moon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Beom Seo
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Geol Ryu
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A Ram Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Rim Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Som Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang-Mi Her
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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23
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Boegel S, Castle JC, Schwarting A. Current status of use of high throughput nucleotide sequencing in rheumatology. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001324. [PMID: 33408124 PMCID: PMC7789458 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we assess the usage of high throughput sequencing (HTS) in rheumatic research and the availability of public HTS data of rheumatic samples. METHODS We performed a semiautomated literature review on PubMed, consisting of an R-script and manual curation as well as a manual search on the Sequence Read Archive for public available HTS data. RESULTS Of the 699 identified articles, rheumatoid arthritis (n=182 publications, 26%), systemic lupus erythematous (n=161, 23%) and osteoarthritis (n=152, 22%) are among the rheumatic diseases with the most reported use of HTS assays. The most represented assay is RNA-Seq (n=457, 65%) for the identification of biomarkers in blood or synovial tissue. We also find, that the quality of accompanying clinical characterisation of the sequenced patients differs dramatically and we propose a minimal set of clinical data necessary to accompany rheumatological-relevant HTS data. CONCLUSION HTS allows the analysis of a broad spectrum of molecular features in many samples at the same time. It offers enormous potential in novel personalised diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with rheumatic diseases. Being established in cancer research and in the field of Mendelian diseases, rheumatic diseases are about to become the third disease domain for HTS, especially the RNA-Seq assay. However, we need to start a discussion about reporting of clinical characterisation accompany rheumatological-relevant HTS data to make clinical meaningful use of this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Center of Autoimmunity, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Center of Autoimmunity, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatinate, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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24
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Sun H, Yang HQ, Zhai K, Tong ZH. Signatures of B Cell Receptor Repertoire Following Pneumocystis Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636250. [PMID: 34135870 PMCID: PMC8202503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play vital roles in host defense against Pneumocystis infection. However, the features of the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in disease progression remain unclear. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell BCR sequencing of immune cells from mouse lungs in an uninfected state and 1–4 weeks post-infection in order to illustrate the dynamic nature of B cell responses during Pneumocystis infection. We identified continuously increased plasma cells and an elevated ratio of (IgA + IgG) to (IgD + IgM) after infection. Moreover, Pneumocystis infection was associated with an increasing naïve B subset characterized by elevated expression of the transcription factor ATF3. The proportion of clonal expanded cells progressively increased, while BCR diversity decreased. Plasma cells exhibited higher levels of somatic hypermutation than naïve B cells. Biased usage of V(D)J genes was observed, and the usage frequency of IGHV9-3 rose. Overall, these results present a detailed atlas of B cell transcriptional changes and BCR repertoire features in the context of Pneumocystis infection, which provides valuable information for finding diagnostic biomarkers and developing potential immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu-Qin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays central roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as it is regarded as an autoimmune disease. Clinical investigations revealed infiltrations of B cells in the synovium, especially those with ectopic lymphoid neogenesis, associate with disease severity. While some B cells in the synovium differentiate into plasma cells producing autoantibodies such as anti-citrullinated protein antibody, others differentiate into effector B cells producing proinflammatory cytokines and expressing RANKL. Synovial B cells might also be important as antigen-presenting cells. Synovial T cells are implicated in the induction of antibody production as well as local inflammation. In the former, a recently identified CD4 T cell subset, peripheral helper T (Tph), which is characterized by the expression of PD-1 and production of CXCL13 and IL-21, is implicated, while the latter might be mediated by Th1-like CD4 T cell subsets that can produce multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, and express cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin, granzymes and granulysin. CD8 T cells in the synovium are able to produce large amount of IFN-γ. However, the involvement of those lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of RA still awaits verification. Their antigen-specificity also needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex, inflammatory autoimmune disease, which is characterized by pain, swelling and joint damage driven by the altered behavior of a number of different cell types such as synovial fibroblasts macrophages and lymphocytes. The mechanism underlying pathogenesis is unclear but increasing evidence points to altered epigenetic regulation within these cell types which promotes the activated destructive behavior that underlies disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the key epigenetic modifications in the most important cells types in rheumatoid arthritis, which are associated with disease activity. We also discuss emerging avenues of research focusing on readers of epigenetic markers which may serve to be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nair
- Centre for Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Centre for Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal BRU, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- University College Dublin School of Medicine & Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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27
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Abstract
The diversity of the immune repertoire (IR) enables the human immune system to distinguish multifarious antigens (Ags) that humans may encounter throughout life. At the same time, bias or abnormalities in the IR also pay a contribution to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Rapid advancements in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology have ushered in a new era of immune studies, revealing novel molecules and pathways that might result in autoimmunity. In the field of IR, HTS can monitor the immune response status and identify disease-specific immune repertoires. In this review, we summarize updated progress on the mechanisms of the IR and current related studies on four autoimmune diseases, particularly focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These autoimmune diseases can exhibit slightly or significantly skewed IRs and provide novel insights that inform our comprehending of disease pathogenesis and provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Masoumi M, Bashiri H, Khorramdelazad H, Barzaman K, Hashemi N, Sereshki HA, Sahebkar A, Karami J. Destructive Roles of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Chronic Inflammation and Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2020; 44:466-479. [PMID: 33113036 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are important non-immune cells located mostly in the inner layer of the synovium. Indeed, these cells are specialized mesenchymal cells, implicated in collagen homeostasis of the articular joint and provide extracellular matrix (ECM) materials for cartilage and contribute to joint destruction via multiple mechanisms. RA FLS interactions with immune and non-immune cells lead to the development and organization of tertiary structures such as ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs), tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The interaction of RA FLS cells with immune and non-immune cells leads to stimulation and activation of effector immune cells. Pathological role of RA FLS cells has been reported for many years, while molecular and cellular mechanisms are not completely understood yet. In this review, we tried to summarize the latest findings about the role of FLS cells in ELS formation, joint destruction, interactions with immune and non-immune cells, as well as potential therapeutic options in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Our study revealed data about interactions between RA FLS and immune/non-immune cells as well as the role of RA FLS cells in joint damage, ELS formation, and neoangiogenesis, which provide useful information for developing new approaches for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Bashiri
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Barzaman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hale Abdoli Sereshki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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29
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Bo M, Jasemi S, Uras G, Erre GL, Passiu G, Sechi LA. Role of Infections in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Mycobacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1459. [PMID: 32977590 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by chronic erosive polyarthritis. A complex interaction between a favorable genetic background, and the presence of a specific immune response against a broad-spectrum of environmental factors seems to play a role in determining susceptibility to RA. Among different pathogens, mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, MAP), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), have extensively been proposed to promote specific cellular and humoral response in susceptible individuals, by activating pathways linked to RA development. In this review, we discuss the available experimental and clinical evidence on the interplay between mycobacterial and EBV infections, and the development of the immune dysregulation in RA.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sankar K, Hoi KH, Hötzel I. Dynamics of heavy chain junctional length biases in antibody repertoires. Commun Biol 2020; 3:207. [PMID: 32358517 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody variable domain sequence diversity is generated by recombination of germline segments. The third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain (CDR H3) is the region of highest sequence diversity and is formed by the joining of heavy chain VH, DH and JH germline segments combined with random nucleotide trimming and additions between these segments. We show that CDR H3 and junctional segment length distributions are biased in human antibody repertoires as a function of VH, VL and JH germline segment utilization. Most length biases are apparent in the naive and antigen experienced B cell compartments but not in nonproductive recombination products, indicating B cell selection as a major driver of these biases. Our findings reveal biases in the antibody CDR H3 diversity landscape shaped by VH, VL, and JH germline segment use during naive and antigen-experienced repertoire selection. Sankar et al. investigate the junctional length biases (determining antibody binding potential) as a function of germline gene usage in antibody repertoires. They show that CDR H3 and junction length are biased by VH, VL, and JH germline segment usage and these biases are apparent in both naive and antigen-experienced repertoires but not in non-productive repertoires.
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Cowan GJM, Miles K, Capitani L, Giguere SSB, Johnsson H, Goodyear C, McInnes IB, Breusch S, Gray D, Gray M. In Human Autoimmunity, a Substantial Component of the B Cell Repertoire Consists of Polyclonal, Barely Mutated IgG +ve B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:395. [PMID: 32265907 PMCID: PMC7099054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are critical for promoting autoimmunity and the success of B cell depletion therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) confirms their importance in driving chronic inflammation. Whilst disease specific autoantibodies are useful diagnostically, our understanding of the pathogenic B cell repertoire remains unclear. Defining it would lead to novel insights and curative treatments. To address this, we have undertaken the largest study to date of over 150 RA patients, utilizing next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze up to 200,000 BCR sequences per patient. The full-length antigen-binding variable region of the heavy chain (IgGHV) of the IgG B cell receptor (BCR) were sequenced. Surprisingly, RA patients do not express particular clonal expansions of B cells at diagnosis. Rather they express a polyclonal IgG repertoire with a significant increase in BCRs that have barely mutated away from the germline sequence. This pattern remains even after commencing disease modifying therapy. These hypomutated BCRs are expressed by TNF-alpha secreting IgG+veCD27-ve B cells, that are expanded in RA peripheral blood and enriched in the rheumatoid synovium. A similar B cell repertoire is expressed by patients with Sjögren's syndrome. A rate limiting step in the initiation of autoimmunity is the activation of B cells and this data reveals that a sizeable component of the human autoimmune B cell repertoire consists of polyclonal, hypomutated IgG+ve B cells, that may play a critical role in driving chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J M Cowan
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Miles
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Capitani
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie S B Giguere
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanna Johnsson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Goodyear
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Iain B McInnes
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen Breusch
- Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Gray
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Gray
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Antibody-secreting plasma cells are the central pillars of humoral immunity. They are generated in a fundamental cellular restructuring process from naive B cells upon contact with antigen. This outstanding process is guided and controlled by a complex transcriptional network accompanied by a fascinating morphological metamorphosis, governed by the combined action of Blimp-1, Xbp-1 and IRF-4. The survival of plasma cells requires the intimate interaction with a specific microenvironment, consisting of stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin. Cell-cell contacts, cytokines and availability of metabolites such as glucose and amino acids modulate the survival abilities of plasma cells in their niches. Moreover, plasma cells have been shown to regulate immune responses by releasing cytokines. Furthermore, plasma cells are central players in autoimmune diseases and malignant transformation of plasma cells can result in the generation of multiple myeloma. Hence, the development of sophisticated strategies to deplete autoreactive plasma cells and myeloma cells represents a challenge for current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Ramwadhdoebe TH, van Baarsen LGM, Boumans MJH, Bruijnen STG, Safy M, Berger FH, Semmelink JF, van der Laken CJ, Gerlag DM, Thurlings RM, Tak PP. Effect of rituximab treatment on T and B cell subsets in lymph node biopsies of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:1075-1085. [PMID: 30649469 PMCID: PMC6532448 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The exact underlying mechanism of rituximab treatment in patients with RA is poorly defined and knowledge about the effect of B cell depletion on immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs is lacking. We analysed lymphoid tissue responses to rituximab in RA patients. Methods Fourteen RA patients received 2 × 1000 mg rituximab intravenously, and lymph node (LN) biopsies were obtained before and 4 weeks after the first infusion. Tissues were examined by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. LN biopsies from five healthy individuals (HC) served as controls. Results LN biopsies of RA patients showed increased frequencies of CD21+CD23+IgDhighIgMvariable follicular B cells and CD3+CD25+CD69+ early activated, tissue resident T cells when compared with HCs. After treatment, there was incomplete depletion of LN B cells. There was a significant decrease in CD27−IgD+ naïve B cells, and CD27+IgD+ unswitched memory B cells including the CD27+IgD+IgM+ subset and follicular B cells. Strikingly, CD27+IgD− switched memory B cells persisted in LN biopsies after rituximab treatment. In the T cell compartment, a significant decrease was observed in the frequency of early activated, tissue resident T cells after rituximab treatment, but late activated T cells persisted. B cell proliferation inducing cytokine IL-21 was higher expressed in LN biopsies of RA patients compared with HC and expression was not affected by rituximab treatment. Conclusion Rituximab does not cure RA, possibly due to persistence of switched memory B cells in lymphoid tissues suggesting that factors promoting B cell survival and differentiation need to be additionally targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara H Ramwadhdoebe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria J H Boumans
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands
| | - Stefan T G Bruijnen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ARC, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mary Safy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands
| | - Ferco H Berger
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanna F Semmelink
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ARC, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Gerlag
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands.,Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, UK
| | - Rogier M Thurlings
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands
| | - Paul P Tak
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Netherlands.,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Elliott SE, Kongpachith S, Lingampalli N, Adamska JZ, Cannon BJ, Blum LK, Bloom MS, Henkel M, McGeachy MJ, Moreland LW, Robinson WH. B cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues encode focused antibody repertoires that include antibodies that stimulate macrophage TNF-α production. Clin Immunol 2020; 212:108360. [PMID: 32035179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). To gain insights into the relationship between ACPA-expressing B cells in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial tissue (ST), we sequenced the B cell repertoire in paired PB and ST samples from five individuals with established, ACPA+ RA. Bioinformatics analysis of paired heavy- and light-chain sequences revealed clonally-related family members shared between PB and ST. ST-derived antibody repertoires exhibited reduced diversity and increased normalized clonal family size compared to PB-derived repertoires. Functional characterization showed that seven recombinant antibodies (rAbs) expressed from subject-derived sequences from both compartments bound citrullinated antigens and immune complexes (ICs) formed using one ST-derived rAb stimulated macrophage TNF-α production. Our findings demonstrate B cell trafficking between PB and ST in subjects with RA and ST repertoires include B cells that encode ACPA capable of forming ICs that stimulate cellular responses implicated in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra E Elliott
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Julia Z Adamska
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Bryan J Cannon
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa K Blum
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Michelle S Bloom
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Larry W Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America.
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Abstract
The development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), at least in its autoantibody-positive subset, evolves through a series of events starting well before the appearance of synovitis. The distinction between 'early' and 'established' RA is, therefore, an evolving concept. In routine practice, however, the management of RA still starts with the occurrence of clinically detectable synovitis. As such, the synovial membrane remains a major target for the exploitation of possible stage-specific drivers of the disease. The recognition of a 'window of opportunity', in which treatment is more likely to succeed, raises the hypothesis that there might be a period in which the biological processes of RA are less mature and potentially reversible. The present review aims to provide a general picture of the modifications occurring in RA synovium, analysing the contribution of both infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells. When available, differences between early and established RA will be discussed.
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Shi X, Shao T, Huo F, Zheng C, Li W, Jiang Z. An analysis of abnormalities in the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with systemic sclerosis using high-throughput sequencing. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8370. [PMID: 31988805 PMCID: PMC6968515 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease that is associated with polyclonal B cell hyperreactivity. The CDR3 of BCRs is the major site of antigen recognition. Therefore, we analyzed the BCR repertoire of patients with SSc. The BCR repertoires in 12 subjects including eight SSc patients and four healthy controls were characterized by high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were studied. The average CDR3 length in the SSc group was significantly shorter. The SSc patient displayed more diverse BCR. Moreover, SSc patients with mild skin sclerosis, anti-Scl70, interstitial lung disease or female sex were more diversified. B cells from the SSc patients showed a differential V and J gene usage. SSc patients had distinct BCR repertoires.These findings reflected the differences of BCR repertoires between SSc patients and controls. The higher-usage genes for the BCR sequence might be potential biomarkers of B cell-targeted therapies or diagnosis for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, The People's Republic of China
| | - Tihong Shao
- Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Huo
- Intensive Care Unit, First hospital of Jilin university, Changchun, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chenqing Zheng
- Shenzhen RealOmics (Biotech) Co.Ltd, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Hepatology, First hospital of Jilin university, Changchun, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, The People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Introduction: Synovial tissue (ST) is composed of a lining and sublining layer and is the target tissue involved in the inflammatory arthritides (IA), in which there is lining layer hyperplasia, inflammatory cell influx, macrophage recruitment and change in number and behavior of lining fibroblasts. Understanding synovial pathology has been critical in providing insights into pathogenetic mechanisms of disease and therapeutics. Pathobiological insights into ST have been underpinned by progress in molecular analytic methods; research in this area holds promise in individualizing treatment and optimizing response.Areas covered: We explore ST in IA and cover in-depth the utility of synovial biopsy and ST heterogeneity. We review recent advances in ST research and discuss implications with regards to therapeutic response. Finally, we provide perspectives on the identification of new drug targets and new diagnostic and prognostic markers.Expert opinion: ST holds the potential to individualize therapy by detecting biomarkers of diagnosis, therapeutic choice, and treatment modification in IA. Advances in molecular biology including high-throughput omics are likely to provide information that has hitherto remained unknown. ST analyzes pre- and post-treatment needs to be standard of care; only by routinely collecting and analyzing ST will we achieve the precision medicine outcomes described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Small
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mihir D Wechalekar
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Rheumatology Department, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Naeem KB, Hannawi H, Al Salmi I, Hannawi S. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 links COVID-19, rheumatoid arthritis, and Hydroxychloroquine: in silico analysis. Transl Med Commun 2020; 5:14. [PMID: 32923679 PMCID: PMC7479747 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-020-00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent one of the fragile patient groups that might be susceptible to the critical form of the coronavirus disease - 19 (COVID-19). On the other side, RA patients have been found not to have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, some of the Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS) commonly used to treat rheumatic diseases like Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were proposed as a potential therapy for COVID-19 with a lack of full understanding of their molecular mechanisms. This highlights the need for the discovery of common pathways that may link both diseases at the molecular side. In this research, we used the in silico approach to investigate the transcriptomic profile of RA synovium to identify shared molecular pathways with that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infected lung tissue. Our results showed upregulation of chemotactic factors, including CCL4, CCL8, and CCL11, that all shared CCR5 as their receptor, as a common derangement observed in both diseases; RA and COVID-19. Moreover, our results also highlighted a possible mechanism through which HCQ, which can be used as a monotherapy in mild RA or as one of the triple-DMARDs therapy (tDMARDs; methotrexate, sulphasalazine, and HCQ), might interfere with the COVID-19 infection. This might be achieved through the ability of HCQ to upregulate specific immune cell populations like activated natural killer (NK) cells, which were found to be significantly reduced in COVID-19 infection. In addition to its ability to block CCR5 rich immune cell recruitment that also was upregulated in the SARS-COV-2 infected lungs. This might explain some of the reports that showed beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Kashif Bin Naeem
- grid.415786.90000 0004 1773 3198Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
| | - Haifa Hannawi
- grid.415786.90000 0004 1773 3198Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- grid.416132.30000 0004 1772 5665The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Suad Hannawi
- grid.415786.90000 0004 1773 3198Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
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Wang Y, Lloyd KA, Melas I, Zhou D, Thyagarajan R, Lindqvist J, Hansson M, Svärd A, Mathsson-Alm L, Kastbom A, Lundberg K, Klareskog L, Catrina AI, Rapecki S, Malmström V, Grönwall C. Rheumatoid arthritis patients display B-cell dysregulation already in the naïve repertoire consistent with defects in B-cell tolerance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19995. [PMID: 31882654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are postulated to be central in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we use exploratory mass cytometry (n = 23) and next-generation sequencing (n = 19) to study B-cell repertoire shifts in RA patients. Expression of several B-cell markers were significantly different in ACPA+ RA compared to healthy controls, including an increase in HLA-DR across subsets, CD22 in clusters of IgM+ B cells and CD11c in IgA+ memory. Moreover, both IgA+ and IgG+ double negative (IgD− CD27−) CD11c+ B cells were increased in ACPA+ RA, and there was a trend for elevation in a CXCR5/CCR6high transitional B-cell cluster. In the RA BCR repertoire, there were significant differences in subclass distribution and, notably, the frequency of VH with low somatic hypermutation (SHM) was strikingly higher, especially in IgG1 (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, both ACPA+ and ACPA− RA patients had significantly higher total serum IgA and IgM compared to controls, based on serology of larger cohorts (n = 3494 IgA; n = 397 IgM). The observed elevated Ig-levels, distortion in IgM+ B cells, increase in double negative B cells, change in B-cell markers, and elevation of unmutated IgG+ B cells suggests defects in B-cell tolerance in RA. This may represent an underlying cause of increased polyreactivity and autoimmunity in RA.
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Cashman KS, Jenks SA, Woodruff MC, Tomar D, Tipton CM, Scharer CD, Lee EH, Boss JM, Sanz I. Understanding and measuring human B-cell tolerance and its breakdown in autoimmune disease. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:76-89. [PMID: 31755562 PMCID: PMC6935423 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of immunological tolerance of B lymphocytes is a complex and critical process that must be implemented as to avoid the detrimental development of autoreactivity and possible autoimmunity. Murine models have been invaluable to elucidate many of the key components in B-cell tolerance; however, translation to human homeostatic and pathogenic immune states can be difficult to assess. Functional autoreactive, flow cytometric, and single-cell cloning assays have proven to be critical in deciphering breaks in B-cell tolerance within autoimmunity; however, newer approaches to assess human B-cell tolerance may prove to be vital in the further exploration of underlying tolerance defects. In this review, we supply a comprehensive overview of human immune tolerance checkpoints with associated mechanisms of enforcement, and highlight current and future methodologies which are likely to benefit future studies into the mechanisms that become defective in human autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott A. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Tomar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher M. Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eun-Hyung Lee
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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43
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Zhou S, Liu Z, Yuan H, Zhao X, Zou Y, Zheng J, Pan M. Autoreactive B Cell Differentiation in Diffuse Ectopic Lymphoid-Like Structures of Inflamed Pemphigus Lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:309-318.e8. [PMID: 31476317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that targets skin and/or mucous membranes. Our previous study showed that infiltrating lymphocytes in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lesions produce anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1/3 antibodies after in vitro culture. In this study, we found diffuse ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs) commonly present in the lesions of both PV and pemphigus foliaceus. Notably, pemphigus lesions contained centroblasts, plasmablasts, and plasma cells, which recapitulated the different stages of B cell differentiation. Elevated mRNA expression levels of the differentiation-related transcription factors BLIMP-1, IRF4, and BCL-6 were observed in pemphigus lesions. Moreover, B cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed the clonal expansion of the lesional B cells. Lesional B cells might recirculate among lesions, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Increased mRNA expression levels of multiple chemokines in pemphigus lesions and elevated expression levels of chemokine receptors on lesional B cells were also observed. Collectively, these results show that the ELSs in pemphigus lesions might act as a niche, supporting in situ B cell differentiation and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yoshitomi H. Regulation of Immune Responses and Chronic Inflammation by Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1395. [PMID: 31275325 PMCID: PMC6593115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial tissue is a membranous non-immune organ lining joint cavities where it supports local immune responses, and functions directly and indirectly in joint destruction due to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), the dominant non-immune cells of synovial tissues, mainly contribute to joint destruction via multiple mechanisms. In RA, FLS respond to endogenous ligands of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammatory cytokines as non-immune cells. In addition, FLS aid in the activation of immune responses by interacting with immune cells and by supporting ectopic lymphoid-like structure (ELS) formation in synovial tissues. Moreover, FLS directly cause the pathogenicity of RA i.e., joint deformities. Here, we describe new findings and review the mechanisms underlying the regulation of immune reactions by non-immune FLS and their roles in inflammatory diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Pollastro S, Klarenbeek PL, Doorenspleet ME, van Schaik BDC, Esveldt REE, Thurlings RM, Boumans MJH, Gerlag DM, Tak PP, Vos K, Baas F, van Kampen AHC, de Vries N. Non-response to rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with incomplete disruption of the B cell receptor repertoire. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1339-1345. [PMID: 31217169 PMCID: PMC6788876 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain more insight into the dynamics of lymphocyte depletion and develop new predictors of clinical response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RNA-based next-generation sequencing was used to analyse the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in peripheral blood and synovial tissue samples collected from 24 seropositive patients with RA treated with rituximab. Clonal expansion, mutation load and clonal overlap were assessed in samples collected before, at week 4 and at week 16 or 24 after treatment and correlated to the patients' clinical response. RESULTS After 4 weeks of rituximab-induced B cell depletion, the peripheral blood BCR repertoire of treated patients consisted of fewer, more dominant and more mutated BCR clones. No significant changes in the synovial tissue BCR repertoire were detected until week 16 post-treatment, when a reduced clonal overlap with baseline and an increased mutation load were observed. In patients who were non-responders at month 3 (n=5) using the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria, peripheral blood samples taken at week 4 after rituximab treatment showed more dominant clones compared with moderate responders (n=9) (median (IQR): 36 (27-52) vs 18 (16-26); p<0.01) and more clonal overlap with the baseline (median (IQR): 5% (2%-20%) vs 0% (0%-0%); p≤0.01). CONCLUSION Significant changes in BCR clonality are observed in peripheral blood of patients 4 weeks after rituximab treatment, while changes in synovial tissue were observed at later time points. Incomplete depletion of the dominant baseline peripheral blood BCR repertoire in the first month of treatment might predict clinical non-response at 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pollastro
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Klarenbeek
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke E Doorenspleet
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbera D C van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca E E Esveldt
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier M Thurlings
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J H Boumans
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Gerlag
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul P Tak
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Flagship Pioneering, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Koen Vos
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Department of Experimental Immunology
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kirpach J, Colone A, Bürckert JP, Faison WJ, Dubois ARSX, Sinner R, Reye AL, Muller CP. Detection of a Low Level and Heterogeneous B Cell Immune Response in Peripheral Blood of Acute Borreliosis Patients With High Throughput Sequencing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1105. [PMID: 31156648 PMCID: PMC6532064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular diagnosis of acute Borreliosis is complicated and better strategies to improve the diagnostic processes are warranted. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) of human B cell repertoires after e.g., Dengue virus infection or influenza vaccination revealed antigen-associated “CDR3 signatures” which may have the potential to support diagnosis in infectious diseases. The human B cell immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato—the causative agent of Borreliosis—has mainly been studied at the antibody level, while less attention has been given to the cellular part of the humoral immune response. There are indications that Borrelia actively influence the B cell immune response and that it is therefore not directly comparable to responses induced by other infections. The main goal of this study was to identify B cell features that could be used to support diagnosis of Borreliosis. Therefore, we characterized the B cell immune response in these patients by combining multicolor flow cytometry, single Borrelia-reactive B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing, and B cell repertoire deep sequencing. Our phenotyping experiments showed, that there is no significant difference between B cell subpopulations of acute Borreliosis patients and controls. BCR sequences from individual epitope-reactive B cells had little in common between each other. HTS showed, however, a higher complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid (aa) sequence overlap between samples from different timepoints in patients as compared to controls. This indicates, that HTS is sensitive enough to detect ongoing B cell immune responses in these patients. Although each individual's repertoire was dominated by rather unique clones, clustering of bulk BCR repertoire sequences revealed a higher overlap of IgG BCR repertoire sequences between acute patients than controls. Even if we have identified a few Borrelia-associated CDR3aa sequences, they seem to be rather unique for each patient and therefore not suitable as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Kirpach
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessia Colone
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Philippe Bürckert
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - William J Faison
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Axel R S X Dubois
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Regina Sinner
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anna L Reye
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Vaccinology and B Cell Immunology, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Abstract
It is now well accepted that plasma cells can become long-lived (memory) plasma cells and secrete antibodies for months, years or a lifetime. However, the mechanisms involved in this process of humoral memory, which is crucial for both protective immunity and autoimmunity, still are not fully understood. This article will address a number of open questions. For example: Is longevity of plasma cells due to their intrinsic competence, extrinsic factors, or a combination of both? Which internal signals are involved in this process? What factors provide external support? What survival factors play a part in inflammation and autoreactive disease? Internal and external factors that contribute to the maintenance of memory long-lived plasma cells will be discussed. The aim is to provide useful additional information about the maintenance of protective and autoreactive memory plasma cells that will help researchers design effective vaccines for the induction of life-long protection against infectious diseases and to efficiently target pathogenic memory plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Khodadadi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qingyu Cheng
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease targeting the joints. Current treatment strategies are based on clinical, biological and radiological features, yet still fail to reach the goal of early low disease activity in a significant number of cases. Hence, there is a need for refining current treatment algorithms, using accurate markers of response to therapy. Because RA induces histological and molecular alterations in the synovium even before apparition of clinical symptoms, synovial biopsies are a promising tool in the search of such new biomarkers. Histological and molecular characteristics of RA synovitis are heterogeneous. Variations in synovial lining layer hyperplasia, in cellular infiltration of the sublining by immune cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, and in molecular triggers of these features are currently categorized using well-defined pathotypes: myeloid, lymphoid, fibroid and pauci-immune. Here, we first bring the plasticity of RA synovitis under scrutiny, i.e., how variations in synovial characteristics are associated with relevant clinical features (disease duration, disease activity, effects of therapies, disease severity). Primary response to a specific drug could be, at least theoretically, related to the representation of the molecular pathway targeted by the drug in the synovium. Alternatively, absence of primary response to a specific agent could be due to disease severity, i.e., overrepresentation of all synovial molecular pathways driving disease activity overwhelming the capacity of any drug to block them. Using this theoretical frame, we will highlight how the findings of previous studies trying to link response to therapy with synovial changes provide promising perspectives on bridging the gap to personalized medicine in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Triaille
- Pôle de Pathologies Rhumatismales Systémiques et Inflammatoires, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard R Lauwerys
- Pôle de Pathologies Rhumatismales Systémiques et Inflammatoires, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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49
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Lu DR, McDavid AN, Kongpachith S, Lingampalli N, Glanville J, Ju CH, Gottardo R, Robinson WH. T Cell-Dependent Affinity Maturation and Innate Immune Pathways Differentially Drive Autoreactive B Cell Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1732-1744. [PMID: 29855173 PMCID: PMC6203609 DOI: 10.1002/art.40578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the activation of B cells that produce anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factors (RFs), but the mechanisms by which tolerance is broken in these B cells remain incompletely understood. We undertook this study to investigate whether ACPA+ and RF+ B cells break tolerance through distinct molecular mechanisms. METHODS We developed antigen-tetramers to isolate ACPA+ and RF+ B cells and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 2,349 B cells from 6 RA patients and 1 healthy donor to analyze their immunoglobulin repertoires and transcriptional programs. Prominent immunoglobulins were expressed as monoclonal antibodies and tested for autoantigen reactivity. RESULTS ACPA+ and RF+ B cells were enriched in the peripheral blood of RA patients relative to healthy controls. Characterization of patient-derived monoclonal antibodies confirmed ACPA and RF targeting of tetramer-specific B cells at both antigen-inexperienced and affinity-matured B cell stages. ACPA+ B cells used more class-switched isotypes and exhibited more somatic hypermutations relative to RF+ B cells, and these differences were accompanied by down-regulation of CD72 and up-regulation of genes that promote class-switching and T cell-dependent responses. In contrast, RF+ B cells expressed transcriptional programs that stimulate rapid memory reactivation through multiple innate immune pathways. Coexpression analysis revealed that ACPA+ and RF+ B cell-enriched genes belong to distinct transcriptional regulatory networks. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ACPA+ and RF+ B cells are imprinted with distinct transcriptional programs, which suggests that these autoantibodies associated with increased inflammation in RA arise from 2 different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Lu
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jacob Glanville
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chia-Hsin Ju
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - William H. Robinson
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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50
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Musters A, Klarenbeek PL, Doorenspleet ME, Balzaretti G, Esveldt REE, van Schaik BDC, Jongejan A, Tas SW, van Kampen AHC, Baas F, de Vries N. In Rheumatoid Arthritis, Synovitis at Different Inflammatory Sites Is Dominated by Shared but Patient-Specific T Cell Clones. J I 2018; 201:417-422. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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