1
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Lin C, Teng W, Tian Y, Li S, Xia N, Huang C. Immune landscape and response to oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-023-1048-0. [PMID: 38453818 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, offering a unique potential to selectively target malignant cells while sparing normal tissues. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironment (TME) poses a substantial hurdle to the development of OVs as effective immunotherapeutic agents, as it restricts the activation and recruitment of immune cells. This review elucidates the potential of OV-based immunotherapy in modulating the immune landscape within the TME to overcome immune resistance and enhance antitumor immune responses. We examine the role of OVs in targeting specific immune cell populations, including dendritic cells, T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, and their ability to alter the TME by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing tumor fibrosis. Additionally, we explore strategies to optimize OV-based drug delivery and improve the efficiency of OV-mediated immunotherapy. In conclusion, this review offers a concise and comprehensive synopsis of the current status and future prospects of OV-based immunotherapy, underscoring its remarkable potential as an effective immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Cheng P. Arming oncolytic viruses with bispecific T cell engagers: The evolution and current status. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166962. [PMID: 37984801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as therapeutically relevant anticancer agents as contemporary immunotherapy gains traction. Furthermore, OVs are an ideal platform for genetic modification to express therapeutic transgenes. Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) can redirect T cells to tumor cells, resulting in targeted cytotoxicity. BiTEs have demonstrated success in hematological cancers but are rarely used in solid tumors. The drawbacks of BiTEs, including inadequate delivery and on-target-off-tumor activity have limited their efficacy. Combining OVs with BiTEs is a prospective area to investigate. This combined strategy can benefit from the best qualities of both therapies while overcoming the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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3
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Guo X, Wu Y, Xue Y, Xie N, Shen G. Revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy: unleashing the potential of bispecific antibodies for targeted treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291836. [PMID: 38106416 PMCID: PMC10722299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progressions in immunotherapy have transformed cancer treatment, providing a promising strategy that activates the immune system of the patient to find and eliminate cancerous cells. Bispecific antibodies, which engage two separate antigens or one antigen with two distinct epitopes, are of tremendous concern in immunotherapy. The bi-targeting idea enabled by bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is especially attractive from a medical standpoint since most diseases are complex, involving several receptors, ligands, and signaling pathways. Several research look into the processes in which BsAbs identify different cancer targets such angiogenesis, reproduction, metastasis, and immune regulation. By rerouting cells or altering other pathways, the bispecific proteins perform effector activities in addition to those of natural antibodies. This opens up a wide range of clinical applications and helps patients with resistant tumors respond better to medication. Yet, further study is necessary to identify the best conditions where to use these medications for treating tumor, their appropriate combination partners, and methods to reduce toxicity. In this review, we provide insights into the BsAb format classification based on their composition and symmetry, as well as the delivery mode, focus on the action mechanism of the molecule, and discuss the challenges and future perspectives in BsAb development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Guo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xue
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Guobo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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4
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Alsajjan R, Mason WP. Bispecific T-Cell Engagers and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies in Glioblastoma: An Update. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8501-8549. [PMID: 37754534 PMCID: PMC10529026 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The prognosis is extremely poor even with standard treatment of maximal safe resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recurrence is inevitable within months, and treatment options are very limited. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CART) and bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) are two emerging immunotherapies that can redirect T-cells for tumor-specific killing and have shown remarkable success in hematological malignancies and been under extensive study for application in glioblastoma. While there have been multiple clinical trials showing preliminary evidence of safety and efficacy for CART, bispecific TCEs are still in the early stages of clinical testing, with preclinical studies showing very promising results. However, there are multiple shared challenges that need to be addressed in the future, including the route of delivery, antigen escape, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and toxicity resulting from the limited choice of tumor-specific antigens. Efforts are underway to optimize the design of both these treatments and find the ideal combination therapy to overcome these challenges. In this review, we describe the work that has been performed as well as novel approaches in glioblastoma and in other solid tumors that may be applicable in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roa Alsajjan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Warren P. Mason
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
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Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are a type of innate lymphoid cells that play a crucial role in immunity by killing virally infected or tumor cells and secreting cytokines and chemokines. NK cell-mediated immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment due to its safety and effectiveness. NK cell engagers (NKCEs), such as BiKE (bispecific killer cell engager) or TriKE (trispecific killer cell engager), are a novel class of antibody-based therapeutics that exhibit several advantages over other cancer immunotherapies harnessing NK cells. By bridging NK and tumor cells, NKCEs activate NK cells and lead to tumor cell lysis. A growing number of NKCEs are currently undergoing development, with some already in clinical trials. However, there is a need for more comprehensive studies to determine how the molecular design of NKCEs affects their functionality and manufacturability, which are crucial for their development as off-the-shelf drugs for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on NKCE development and discuss critical factors required for the production of effective NKCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchuan Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Gong M, Wang Y, Liu S, Li B, Du E, Gao Y. Rapid Construction of an Infectious Clone of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Isolate. Viruses 2023; 15:1657. [PMID: 37632000 PMCID: PMC10459658 DOI: 10.3390/v15081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors possess a good safety profile, an extensive genome, a range of host cells, high viral yield, and the ability to elicit broad humoral and cellular immune responses. Adenovirus vectors are widely used in infectious disease research for future vaccine development and gene therapy. In this study, we obtained a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) isolate from sick chickens with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and conducted animal regression text to clarify biological pathology. We amplified the transfer vector and extracted viral genomic DNA from infected LMH cells, then recombined the mixtures via the Gibson assembly method in vitro and electroporated them into EZ10 competent cells to construct the FAdV-4 infectious clone. The infectious clones were successfully rescued in LMH cells within 15 days of transfection. The typical cytopathic effect (CPE) and propagation titer of FAdV-4 infectious clones were also similar to those for wild-type FAdV-4. To further construct the single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vector, we constructed SC-Ad vectors by deleting the gene for IIIa capsid cement protein. The FAdV4 infectious clone vector was introduced into the ccdB cm expression cassette to replace the IIIa gene using a λ-red homologous recombination technique, and then the ccdB cm expression cassette was excised by PmeI digestion and self-ligation to obtain the resulting plasmids as SC-Ad vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Shijia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Boshuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Enqi Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- Yangling Carey Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yupeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
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7
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Yuan X, Lu Y, Yang Y, Tian W, Fan D, Liu R, Lei X, Xia Y, Yang L, Yan S, Xiong D. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells loaded with a novel oncolytic adenovirus carrying a bispecific T cell engager against hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2219544. [PMID: 37274296 PMCID: PMC10237050 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2219544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously established a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) targeting system of conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) delivered by human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs). However, this system needed to be developed further to enhance the antitumor effect and overcome the limitations caused by the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) heterogeneity of HCC. In this study, a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) targeting programmed death ligand 1 controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was armed on the CRAd of the old system. It was demonstrated on orthotopic transplantation model mice that the new system had a better anti-tumor effect with no more damage to extrahepatic organs and less liver injury, and the infiltration and activation of T cells were significantly enhanced in the tumor tissues of the model mice treated with the new system. Importantly, we confirmed that the new system eliminated the AFP-negative cells on AFP heterogeneous tumor models efficiently. Conclusion: Compared with the old system, the new system provided a more effective and safer strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wencong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruoqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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8
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Basnet S, Santos JM, Quixabeira DCA, Clubb JHA, Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela SAM, Arias V, Pakola S, Kudling TV, Heiniö C, Havunen R, Cervera-Carrascon V, Sorsa S, Anttila M, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Oncolytic adenovirus coding for bispecific T cell engager against human MUC-1 potentiates T cell response against solid tumors. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:59-73. [PMID: 36699617 PMCID: PMC9842968 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with bispecific T cell engagers has shown efficacy in patients with hematologic malignancies and uveal melanoma. Antitumor effects of bispecific T cell engagers in most solid tumors are limited due to their short serum half-life and insufficient tumor concentration. We designed a novel serotype 5/3 oncolytic adenovirus encoding a human mucin1 antibody and the human CD3 receptor, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-aMUC1aCD3 (TILT-321). TILT-321 is engineered to replicate only in cancer cells, leading to a high concentration of the aMUC1aCD3 molecule in the tumor microenvironment. Infection and cell viability assays were performed to determine the oncolytic potential of the novel construct. The functionality of the virus-derived aMUC1aCD3 was evaluated in vitro. When TILT-321 was combined with allogeneic T cells, rapid tumor cell lysis was observed. TILT-321-infected cells secreted functional aMUC1aCD3, as shown by increased T cell activity and its binding to MUC1 and CD3. In vivo, TILT-321 treatment led to effective antitumor efficacy mediated by increased intratumoral T cell activity in an A549 and patient-derived ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model humanized with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This study provides a proof of concept for an effective strategy to overcome the key limitations of recombinant bispecific T cell engager delivery for solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao M Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne C A Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James H A Clubb
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna A M Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Arias
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santeri Pakola
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana V Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjukka Anttila
- Department of Pathology, Finnish Food Authority, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Pagotto S, Simeone P, Brocco D, Catitti G, De Bellis D, Vespa S, Di Pietro N, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Veschi S, De Lellis L, Verginelli F, Kaitsas F, Iezzi M, Pandolfi A, Visone R, Tinari N, Caruana I, Di Ianni M, Cama A, Lanuti P, Florio R. CAR-T-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Development of CAR-T Anti-Tumor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36831396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous population of plasma membrane-surrounded particles that are released in the extracellular milieu by almost all types of living cells. EVs are key players in intercellular crosstalk, both locally and systemically, given that they deliver their cargoes (consisting of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, and DNA fragments) to target cells, crossing biological barriers. Those mechanisms further trigger a wide range of biological responses. Interestingly, EV phenotypes and cargoes and, therefore, their functions, stem from their specific parental cells. For these reasons, EVs have been proposed as promising candidates for EV-based, cell-free therapies. One of the new frontiers of cell-based immunotherapy for the fight against refractory neoplastic diseases is represented by genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) lymphocytes, which in recent years have demonstrated their effectiveness by reaching commercialization and clinical application for some neoplastic diseases. CAR-T-derived EVs represent a recent promising development of CAR-T immunotherapy approaches. This crosscutting innovative strategy is designed to exploit the advantages of genetically engineered cell-based immunotherapy together with those of cell-free EVs, which in principle might be safer and more efficient in crossing biological and tumor-associated barriers. In this review, we underlined the potential of CAR-T-derived EVs as therapeutic agents in tumors.
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10
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Wei M, Zuo S, Chen Z, Qian P, Zhang Y, Kong L, Gao H, Wei J, Dong J. Oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing a bispecific T-cell engager enhances immune responses in EpCAM positive solid tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017574. [PMID: 36451817 PMCID: PMC9702515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient intratumoral T-cell infiltration and lack of tumor-specific immune surveillance in tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder the progression of cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we explored a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding an EpCAM BiTE (VV-EpCAM BiTE) to modulate the immune suppressive microenvironment to enhance antitumor immunity in several solid tumors. VV-EpCAM BiTE effectively infected, replicated and lysed malignant cells. The EpCAM BiTE secreted from infected malignants effectively mediated the binding of EpCAM-positive tumor cells and CD3ϵ on T cells, which led to activation of naive T-cell and the release of cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-2. Intratumoral administration of VV-EpCAM BiTE significantly enhanced antitumor activity in malignancies with high other than with low EpCAM expression level. In addition, immune cell infiltration was significantly increased in TME upon VV-EpCAM BiTE treatment, CD8+ T cell exhaustion was reduced and T-cell-mediated immune activation was markedly enhanced. Taken together, VV-EpCAM BiTE sophistically combines the antitumor advantages of bispecific antibodies and oncolytic viruses, which provides preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of VV-EpCAM BiTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuguang Zuo
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Application, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Peng Qian
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yenan Zhang
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglan Gao
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Affiliated Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Crupi MJF, Taha Z, Janssen TJA, Petryk J, Boulton S, Alluqmani N, Jirovec A, Kassas O, Khan ST, Vallati S, Lee E, Huang BZ, Huh M, Pikor L, He X, Marius R, Austin B, Duong J, Pelin A, Neault S, Azad T, Breitbach CJ, Stojdl DF, Burgess MF, McComb S, Auer R, Diallo JS, Ilkow CS, Bell JC. Oncolytic virus driven T-cell-based combination immunotherapy platform for colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029269. [PMID: 36405739 PMCID: PMC9670134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic options and combination strategies for patients. The orchestration of potent T cell responses against human cancers is necessary for effective antitumour immunity. However, regression of a limited number of cancers has been induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors, T cell engagers (TCEs) and/or oncolytic viruses. Although one TCE has been FDA-approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies, many challenges exist for the treatment of solid cancers. Here, we show that TCEs targeting CEACAM5 and CD3 stimulate robust activation of CD4 and CD8-positive T cells in in vitro co-culture models with colorectal cancer cells, but in vivo efficacy is hindered by a lack of TCE retention in the tumour microenvironment and short TCE half-life, as demonstrated by HiBiT bioluminescent TCE-tagging technology. To overcome these limitations, we engineered Bispecific Engager Viruses, or BEVirs, a novel tumour-targeted vaccinia virus platform for intra-tumour delivery of these immunomodulatory molecules. We characterized virus-mediated TCE-secretion, TCE specificity and functionality from infected colorectal cancer cells and patient tumour samples, as well as TCE cytotoxicity in spheroid models, in the presence and absence of T cells. Importantly, we show regression of colorectal tumours in both syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. Our data suggest that a different profile of cytokines may contribute to the pro-inflammatory and immune effects driven by T cells in the tumour microenvironment to provide long-lasting immunity and abscopal effects. We establish combination regimens with immune checkpoint inhibitors for aggressive colorectal peritoneal metastases. We also observe a significant reduction in lung metastases of colorectal tumours through intravenous delivery of our oncolytic virus driven T-cell based combination immunotherapy to target colorectal tumours and FAP-positive stromal cells or CTLA4-positive Treg cells in the tumour microenvironment. In summary, we devised a novel combination strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancers using oncolytic vaccinia virus to enhance immune-payload delivery and boost T cell responses within tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zaid Taha
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thijs J. A. Janssen
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Boulton
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nouf Alluqmani
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Jirovec
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Omar Kassas
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarwat T. Khan
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sydney Vallati
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Lee
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ben Zhen Huang
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Huh
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Discovery Research, Turnstone Biologics Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa Pikor
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Discovery Research, Turnstone Biologics Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaohong He
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Marius
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley Austin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie Duong
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Discovery Research, Turnstone Biologics Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Discovery Research, Turnstone Biologics Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Serge Neault
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taha Azad
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - David F. Stojdl
- Discovery Research, Turnstone Biologics Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Scott McComb
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Auer
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Wang Q, Ma X, Wu H, Zhao C, Chen J, Li R, Yan S, Li Y, Zhang Q, Song K, Yuan C, Kong B. Oncolytic adenovirus with MUC16-BiTE shows enhanced antitumor immune response by reversing the tumor microenvironment in PDX model of ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2096362. [PMID: 35800156 PMCID: PMC9255048 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2096362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuman Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
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13
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Jin J, Wang R, Yang J, Hu H, Wang D, Cai L, Fang Z, Dong S, Hu S, Wang Y, Liu B. Bispecific Antibody Expressed by an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Can Transform Heterologous T Cells Into Uniform Tumor Killer Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:649-663. [PMID: 35272497 PMCID: PMC9242723 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BsAb (bispecific antibody)-armed oncolytic viruses (OVs) are effective in regulating tumor microenvironment. However, oHSV2 (oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2) expressing immune checkpoints targeting BsAb molecules are not reported. Here, we generated oHSV2-armed PD-L1/CD3 BsAb and established pharmacodynamic evaluation models, which suggested that our oHSV2-BsAb molecules have an improved oncolytic potency in vitro and in vivo. The oHSV2 viruses armed with BsAb molecules targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/CD3 or CD19/CD3 (oHSV2-PD-L1/CD3-BsAb or oHSV2-CD19/mCD3-BsAb) were constructed; besides inducing oncolysis in virus-infected tumor cells, the modified oncolytic virus oHSV2-PD-L1/CD3-BsAb can also activate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by releasing PD-L1/CD3 BsAb and thereby induce PBMC-mediated killing of PD-L1-positive tumor cells, regardless of PD-L1 expression level. The expressed PD-L1/CD3 BsAb can upregulate the activation markers of T cells in PBMCs and induce different cytokine secretion. The activation of T cells and the enrichment of related immune regulatory pathways are further confirmed by proteomics. It also demonstrated that the OVs or PBMCs could upregulate PD-L1 expression on the surface of tumor cells through transforming "cold tumors" with low PD-L1 expression into "hot tumors" with high PD-L1 expression, which can facilitate the targeting of BsAb molecules and enhance the effect of oncolysis. oHSV2-PD-L1/CD3-BsAb or oHSV2-CD19/mCD3-BsAb showed an enhanced oncolytic effect in vitro and in vivo compared to backbone virus oHSV2-GFP. Our results showed that the newly designed oHSV2-BsAb had enhanced therapeutic effects against solid tumors and provided a new option of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runyang Wang
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Junhan Yang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Hu
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linkang Cai
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Zhizheng Fang
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Prof. Sheng Hu, Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Correspondence: Prof. Binlei Liu and Prof. Yang Wang, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China. ;
| | - Binlei Liu
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Correspondence: Prof. Binlei Liu and Prof. Yang Wang, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China. ;
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14
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Antonucci L, Canciani G, Mastronuzzi A, Carai A, Del Baldo G, Del Bufalo F. CAR-T Therapy for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: Peculiarities, Current Investigations and Future Strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867154. [PMID: 35603195 PMCID: PMC9115105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-Grade Gliomas (HGG) are among the deadliest malignant tumors of central nervous system (CNS) in pediatrics. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment - including surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy - long-term prognosis of patients remains dismal with a 5-year survival rate less than 20%. Increased understanding of genetic and epigenetic features of pediatric HGGs (pHGGs) revealed important differences with adult gliomas, which need to be considered in order to identify innovative and more effective therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy is based on different techniques aimed to redirect the patient own immune system to fight specifically cancer cells. In particular, T-lymphocytes can be genetically modified to express chimeric proteins, known as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), targeting selected tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Disialoganglioside GD2 (GD-2) and B7-H3 are highly expressed on pHGGs and have been evaluated as possible targets in pediatric clinical trials, in addition to the antigens common to adult glioblastoma – such as interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13α2), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma A2 receptor (EphA2). CAR-T therapy has shown promise in preclinical model of pHGGs but failed to achieve the same success obtained for hematological malignancies. Several limitations, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), the heterogeneity in target antigen expression and the difficulty of accessing the tumor site, impair the efficacy of T-cells. pHGGs display an immunologically cold TME with poor T-cell infiltration and scarce immune surveillance. The secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10) and the presence of immune-suppressive cells – like tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) - limit the effectiveness of immune system to eradicate tumor cells. Innovative immunotherapeutic strategies are necessary to overcome these hurdles and improve ability of T-cells to eradicate tumor. In this review we describe the distinguishing features of HGGs of the pediatric population and of their TME, with a focus on the most promising CAR-T therapies overcoming these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Antonucci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Canciani
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y, Pan Q. Advances in Vaccine Development of the Emerging Novel Genotype Fowl Adenovirus 4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916290. [PMID: 35669788 PMCID: PMC9163660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was first reported in Angara Goth, Pakistan, in 1987. For this reason, it is also known as “Angara disease.” It was later reported in China, Japan, South Korea, India, the United States, Canada, and other countries and regions, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Notably, since June 2015, a natural outbreak of severe hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), associated with a hypervirulent novel genotype FAdV-4 infection, has emerged in most provinces of China. The novel virus FAdV-4 spread rapidly and induced a 30-100% mortality rate, causing huge economic losses and threatening the green and healthy poultry breeding industry. Vaccines against FAdV-4, especially the emerging novel genotype, play a critical role and will be the most efficient tool for preventing and controlling HHS. Various types of FAdV-4 vaccines have been developed and evaluated, such as inactivated, live-attenuated, subunit, and combined vaccines. They have made great contributions to the control of HHS, but the details of cross-protection within FAdVs and the immunogenicity of different vaccines require further investigation. This review highlights the recent advances in developing the FAdV-4 vaccine and promising new vaccines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
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16
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de la Nava D, Selvi KM, Alonso MM. Immunovirotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors: A Promising Treatment That is Becoming a Reality. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866892. [PMID: 35493490 PMCID: PMC9043602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has seen tremendous strides in the last decade, acquiring a prominent position at the forefront of cancer treatment since it has been proven to be efficacious for a wide variety of tumors. Nevertheless, while immunotherapy has changed the paradigm of adult tumor treatment, this progress has not yet been translated to the pediatric solid tumor population. For this reason, alternative curative therapies are urgently needed for the most aggressive pediatric tumors. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy has consolidated as a feasible strategy for cancer treatment, not only for its tumor-specific effects and safety profile but also for its capacity to trigger an antitumor immune response. This review will summarize the current status of immunovirotherapy to treat cancer, focusing on pediatric solid malignancies. We will revisit previous basic, translational, and clinical research and discuss advances in overcoming the existing barriers and limitations to translate this promising therapeutic as an every-day cancer treatment for the pediatric and young adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de la Nava
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kadir Mert Selvi
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta M. Alonso
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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17
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Pan Q, Zhang Y, Liu A, Cui H, Gao Y, Qi X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Li K, Gao L, Wang X. Development of a Novel Avian Vaccine Vector Derived From the Emerging Fowl Adenovirus 4. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:780978. [PMID: 34925286 PMCID: PMC8671827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) associated with a novel viral genotype, fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4), has emerged and widely spread in China since 2015, causing severe economic losses to the poultry industry. We previously reported that the hexon gene is responsible for pathogenicity and obtained a non-pathogenic hexon-replacement rHN20 strain; however, the lack of information about the non-essential regions for virus replication limits the development of a FAdV-4 vector. This study first established an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-indicator virus based on the FAdV-4 reverse genetic technique, effective for batch operations in the virus genome. Based on this, 10 open reading frames (ORFs) at the left end and 13 ORFs at the right end of the novel FAdV-4 genome were deleted separately and identified as non-essential genes for viral replication, providing preliminary insertion sites for foreign genes. To further improve its feasibility as a vaccine vector, seven combinations of ORFs were successfully replaced with EGFP without affecting the immunogenicity of the vector backbone. Finally, a recombinant rHN20-vvIBDV-VP2 strain, expressing the VP2 protein of very virulent infectious bursa disease virus (vvIBDV), was rescued and showed complete protection against FAdV-4 and vvIBDV. Thus, the novel FAdV-4 vector could provide sufficient protection for HHS and efficient exogenous gene delivery. Overall, our findings systemically identified 23 non-essential ORFs for FAdV-4 replication and seven foreign gene insertion regions, providing valuable information for an in-depth understanding of the novel FAdV-4 pathogenesis and development of multivalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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18
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Abstract
Cancer therapeutics approved for clinical application include oncolytic viruses and antibodies, which evolved by nature, but were improved by molecular engineering. Both facilitate outstanding tumor selectivity and pleiotropic activities, but also face challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity and limited tumor penetration. An innovative strategy to address these challenges combines both agents in a single, multitasking therapeutic, i.e., an oncolytic virus engineered to express therapeutic antibodies. Such viro-antibody therapies genetically deliver antibodies to tumors from amplified virus genomes, thereby complementing viral oncolysis with antibody-defined therapeutic action. Here, we review the strategies of viro-antibody therapy that have been pursued exploiting diverse virus platforms, antibody formats, and antibody-mediated modes of action. We provide a comprehensive overview of reported antibody-encoding oncolytic viruses and highlight the achievements of 13 years of viro-antibody research. It has been shown that functional therapeutic antibodies of different formats can be expressed in and released from cancer cells infected with different oncolytic viruses. Virus-encoded antibodies have implemented direct tumor cell killing, anti-angiogenesis, or activation of adaptive immune responses to kill tumor cells, tumor stroma cells or inhibitory immune cells. Importantly, numerous reports have shown therapeutic activity complementary to viral oncolysis for these modalities. Also, challenges for future research have been revealed. Established engineering technologies for both oncolytic viruses and antibodies will enable researchers to address these challenges, facilitating the development of effective viro-antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dirk M Nettelbeck
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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