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Wang J, Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, He Y, Wang X, Guo H. The impact of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers: the chain mediating effects of stress and insomnia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:566. [PMID: 38388879 PMCID: PMC10885376 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of workplace violence and job burnout among Chinese correctional officers is high. Stress and insomnia may influence the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout; however, this influence has been rarely studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers and to assess the contribution of stress and insomnia to this effect. METHODS In this study, the workplace violence scale, the Assens insomnia scale, the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey scale were used to assess the workplace violence, insomnia, stress, and job burnout experienced by the 472 correctional officers, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that (1) workplace violence was significantly and positively predictive of job burnout, (2) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of stress, (3) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of insomnia, and (4) stress and insomnia played fully interlocking mediating roles in the effect of workplace violence on job burnout. CONCLUSION Stress and insomnia may play a full mediating role in the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout. This suggested that correctional officers may take measures to reduce stress and improve insomnia, thereby reducing their job burnout. Further research may focus on the development of effective interventions to reduce stress and improve insomnia among correctional officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Pingtang Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Institute in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.
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Seppälä P, Olin N, Kalavainen S, Clottes Heikkilä H, Kivimäki M, Remes J, Ervasti J. Effectiveness of a workshop-based intervention to reduce bullying and violence at work: A 2-year quasi-experimental intervention study. Soc Sci Med 2023; 338:116318. [PMID: 37879133 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bullying and violence at work are associated with reduced wellbeing of the victims, but few evidence-based interventions are available to prevent these offensive behaviours. We developed and examined the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at prevention of bullying and violence at work through modifications in psychosocial work environment. METHODS In accordance with pre-published protocol, employees and supervisors of 12 work units in 3 cities (intervention group A: n = 315; intervention group B: n = 271) received a workshop-based intervention on organizational practices to prevent bullying and violence, including supervisor support, supervisor justice, workplace social capital, and psychological safety and were compared to a reference group (n = 2310) which did not receive the intervention. Latent change score modelling (LCSM) was used to estimate between- and within-individual differences in changes of organizational practices and prevalence of bullying and violence from baseline (2020) to follow-up (2022). RESULTS No direct or indirect effects of intervention were observed. Of the potential mediator variables, supervisor support (B = 0.04; 95% confidence interval 0.006, 0.07) and supervisor justice (0.04; 0.01, 0.08) improved in the intervention group B between the measurements and compared to control group, but the result was not replicated in intervention group A. No changes were observed between the measurement points in bullying or violence at work. CONCLUSIONS No intervention effects on bullying and violence at work were observed. It may be worthwhile to develop the intervention further to focus more on supervisor and co-worker relationships and on psychosocial resources of work team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Seppälä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Olin
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jouko Remes
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
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Airaksinen J, Pentti J, Seppälä P, Virtanen M, Ropponen A, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Ervasti J. Prediction of violence or threat of violence among employees in social work, healthcare and education: the Finnish Public Sector cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075489. [PMID: 37643844 PMCID: PMC10465908 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a risk prediction algorithm for identifying work units with increased risk of violence in the workplace. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Public sector employees in Finland. PARTICIPANTS 18 540 nurses, social and youth workers, and teachers from 4276 work units who completed a survey on work characteristics, including prevalence and frequency of workplace violence/threat of violence at baseline in 2018-2019 and at follow-up in 2020-2021. Those who reported daily or weekly exposure to violence or threat of violence daily at baseline were excluded. EXPOSURES Mean scores of responses to 87 survey items at baseline were calculated for each work unit, and those scores were then assigned to each employee within that work unit. The scores measured sociodemographic characteristics and work characteristics of the work unit. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Increase in workplace violence between baseline and follow-up (0=no increase, 1=increase). RESULTS A total of 7% (323/4487) of the registered nurses, 15% (457/3109) of the practical nurses, 5% of the social and youth workers (162/3442) and 5% of the teachers (360/7502) reported more frequent violence/threat of violence at follow-up than at baseline. The area under the curve values estimating the prediction accuracy of the prediction models were 0.72 for social and youth workers, 0.67 for nurses, and 0.63 for teachers. The risk prediction model for registered nurses included five work unit characteristics associated with more frequent violence at follow-up. The model for practical nurses included six characteristics, the model for social and youth workers seven characteristics and the model for teachers included four characteristics statistically significantly associated with higher likelihood of increased violence. CONCLUSIONS The generated risk prediction models identified employees working in work units with high likelihood of future workplace violence with reasonable accuracy. These survey-based algorithms can be used to target interventions to prevent workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piia Seppälä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the demands and stress of teaching are generally recognized, little is known about the prevalence and nature of insomnia symptoms in teachers. This scoping study investigated the following questions: How prevalent are insomnia symptoms in teachers? What biopsychosocial variables are associated with insomnia symptoms in teachers? What, if any, interventions for insomnia symptoms in teachers have been studied? METHOD We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Education Source, and ERIC for original peer-reviewed research on school teachers (kindergarten through high school) and insomnia symptoms (self-reported trouble falling or staying asleep). RESULTS We identified 33 relevant articles from 15 countries. The literature was heterogeneous and generally of low quality with respect to the measurement of insomnia. Based on studies that met validity and reliability criteria, 36-61% of teachers reported insomnia symptoms. Associated factors included: being female, classroom violence, low job satisfaction, pain, depression, and rumination. One online intervention, which included stimulus control, sleep restriction, and techniques for reducing rumination, provided evidence of efficacy. CONCLUSION Despite the importance of teachers and their work, high-quality research on insomnia in teachers is lacking. Research in this area is sorely needed. Studies should investigate insomnia symptoms over the school year, identify antecedents of insomnia, and develop interventions with the ultimate goals of understanding, preventing, and treating insomnia symptoms in teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine Gierc
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robyn A Jackowich
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Halliday
- Queen's University Library, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith R Davidson
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Clausen T, Sørensen JK, Dalsager L, Karlsen IL, Kristiansen J. Do different job demands interact as predictors of long-term sickness absence? A register-based follow-up on 55 467 Danish workers. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:7-13. [PMID: 36270798 PMCID: PMC9763189 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess interactions between combinations of quantitative demands, emotional demands, unclear and contradictory demands, and violence/threats of violence in the prospective association with risk of long-term sickness absence (LTSA). METHODS We included 55 467 employees from the 2012, 2014 and 2016 waves of the Work Environment and Health in Denmark (WEHD) survey. We measured the four independent variables in the WEHD survey and assessed risk of LTSA in a national register during 12 months of follow-up. Using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment and job group, we estimated risk of LTSA and assessed deviation from additivity using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). RESULTS For combinations of high emotional demands and high quantitative demands (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.70; RERI 0.06; 95% CI -0.15 o 0.26) and high emotional demands and violence/threats of violence (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.53 to 2.02; RERI 0.12; 95% CI -0.43 to 0.66) we found no indications of deviations from additive effects in predicting LTSA. For combinations of violence/threats of violence and high quantitative demands (HR 1.90; 95% CI 1.64 to 2.20; RERI 0.36; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.71) and unclear and contradictory demands and high quantitative demands (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.62; RERI 0.23; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.42) the results indicated an excess risk of LTSA above additivity (ie, superadditivity). CONCLUSIONS Participants reporting high quantitative demands combined with either violence/threats of violence or unclear and contradictory demands showed a higher risk of LTSA than expected, indicating superadditivity. Results have implications for preventing negative health effects related to adverse psychosocial working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Dalsager
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Kristiansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Kobenhavn, Denmark
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Van Fossen JA, Chang C. Aspects of Violence Leading to Distress and Changed Attitudes for Physiotherapists: A Qualitative Investigation. Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Urnberg H, Gluschkoff K, Saukkonen P, Elovainio M, Vänskä J, Heponiemi T. The association between stress attributed to information systems and the experience of workplace aggression: a cross-sectional survey study among Finnish physicians. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:724. [PMID: 35641931 PMCID: PMC9158205 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physicians commonly suffer from workplace aggression and its negative consequences. Previous studies have shown that stressors such as job demands increase the risk of inappropriate treatment at workplace. Poorly functioning, and constantly changing information systems form a major work stressor for physicians. The current study examined the association between physicians’ stress attributed to information systems (SAIS) and their experiences of workplace aggression. Workplace aggression covered physical and non-physical aggression, perpetrated by coworkers, patients, patient’s relatives, or supervisors. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. The participants included 2786 physicians (67.4% women) who were sampled randomly from the registry of Finnish Medical Association, which covers almost all of the Finnish physician population. First, bivariate associations were studied among participant characteristics, SAIS and workplace aggression. Logistic regression analysis was then used to further determine how SAIS was associated with the likelihood of experiencing different types of aggression. Results Higher levels of SAIS were associated with higher likelihood of aggression with regard to all types of aggression, except non-physical aggression perpetrated by patients or relatives. The demographic factors (work-sector, gender, age) did not have a noticeable influence on the association between SAIS and aggression. Conclusions The present results build on previous evidence on the prevalence of SAIS and its negative effects on healthcare workers. Since SAIS may increase the risk of experiencing aggression, it is possible that SAIS also endangers the wellbeing of physicians and thereby the quality of patient care. Resourcing time and training during introduction of a new IS could alleviate time pressure and thus stress attributed to managing new information systems. The role of organizational climate and general workload in arousing SAIS and aggression should be examined in future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08116-w.
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Ervasti J, Seppälä P, Olin N, Kalavainen S, Heikkilä H, Aalto V, Kivimäki M. Effectiveness of a workplace intervention to reduce workplace bullying and violence at work: study protocol for a two-wave quasi-experimental intervention study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053664. [PMID: 35264345 PMCID: PMC8915301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bullying and violence at work are relatively common in Finnish public sector workplaces. Previous research has demonstrated their association with increased risk of poor health and well-being, but only few intervention studies exist. The aim of this protocol paper is to describe the development and assessment of the effectiveness of a workplace intervention aimed at reducing these harmful phenomena. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol describes a two-wave quasi-experimental intervention. Each of the three participating Finnish public sector organisations (cities) will select four work units (a total of 450-500 employees) to participate in an intervention including 2-3 workshops for the work unit, 2-3 consultative meetings with the supervisor of the work unit, a follow-up meeting for the entire work unit (a maximum of 6-month time lag) and online meetings with the supervisor to monitor achievements and discuss about difficult cases, if any. Three age-matched, sex-matched and occupation-matched controls for each participants of the intervention group will be randomly selected, a total 1350-1500 individuals in the control group. For intervention and control groups, premeasurement is based on responses to a survey that was conducted in 2020. Postintervention measurement will be based on survey responses in 2022. Data will be analysed using latent change score modelling or difference-in-difference analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approvals are from the Ethics committees of the Helsinki and Uusimaa hospital district and the Finnish institute of Occupational Health. Results will be made available to participating organisations and their employees, the funder and other researchers via open access article in a peer-reviewed journal and subsequent reporting of the results via social media channels and press release to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | | | - Nina Olin
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | | | - Heli Heikkilä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Xu T, Clark AJ, Pentti J, Rugulies R, Lange T, Vahtera J, Magnusson Hanson LL, Westerlund H, Kivimäki M, Rod NH. Characteristics of Workplace Psychosocial Resources and Risk of Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:59-66. [PMID: 34740912 PMCID: PMC9004314 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether characteristics of workplace psychosocial resources are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes among employees. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 49,835 employees (77% women, aged 40-65 years, and diabetes free at baseline) from the Finnish Public Sector cohort study. Characteristics of horizontal (culture of collaboration and support from colleagues) and vertical (leadership quality and organizational procedural justice) psychosocial resources were self-reported. Incident type 2 diabetes (n = 2,148) was ascertained through linkage to electronic health records from national registers. We used latent class modeling to assess the clustering of resource characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between the identified clusters and risk of type 2 diabetes during 10.9 years of follow-up, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, educational level, type of employment contract, comorbidity, and diagnosed mental disorders. RESULTS We identified four patterns of workplace psychosocial resources: unfavorable, favorable vertical, favorable horizontal, and favorable vertical and horizontal. Compared with unfavorable, favorable vertical (hazard ratio 0.87 [95% CI 0.78; 0.97]), favorable horizontal (0.77 [0.67; 0.88]), and favorable vertical and horizontal (0.77 [0.68; 0.86]) resources were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, with the strongest associations seen in employees at age ≥55 years (Pinteraction = 0.03). These associations were robust to multivariable adjustments and were not explained by reverse causation. CONCLUSIONS A favorable culture of collaboration, support from colleagues, leadership quality, and organizational procedural justice are associated with a lower risk of employees developing type 2 diabetes than in those without such favorable workplace psychosocial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xu
- 1Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,2Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3National Research Centre of the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice J Clark
- 2Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,4Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Jaana Pentti
- 5Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,6Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- 2Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3National Research Centre of the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,7Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- 2Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- 6Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,8Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Hugo Westerlund
- 1Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- 5Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,9Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, U.K.,10Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naja H Rod
- 2Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Şahan S, Yıldız A, Ergin E. Public perceptions about nurses communicated via Twitter in Turkey. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:638-642. [PMID: 34706103 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social media platforms such as Twitter allow people to openly express their views about many topics, including the nursing profession. COVID-19 is currently a frequently searched and discussed topics on Twitter. This study was performed to identify the image of nursing in the social media before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, and to review of public perceptions about nurses' communication on twitter in Turkey. DESIGN This study was conducted using content analysis with a sample of tweets posted on Twitter before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Codes were created, including expressions of respect, anxiety, violence, gratefulness, anger, positivity, and negativity. RESULTS Findings showed that 35.65% of the 373 tweets posted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were positive while 64.35% were negative. During the pandemic 91.94% of the 1006 tweets were positive and 8.06% were negative. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggests that public opinion about nurses, as reflected on Twitter during the COVID 19 pandemic, was positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Şahan
- Department of Nursing Fundamentals, Health Sciences, İzmir Bakırcay University, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yıldız
- Dialysis Department, CappadociaVocational School, Cappadocia University, Urgup, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Eda Ergin
- Department of Nursing Fundamentals, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir Bakırcay University, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey
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Shiri R, Karhula K, Turunen J, Koskinen A, Ropponen A, Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Härmä M. The Effect of Using Participatory Working Time Scheduling Software on Employee Well-Being and Workability: A Cohort Study Analysed as a Pseudo-Experiment. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101385. [PMID: 34683065 PMCID: PMC8544422 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift workers are at increased risk of health problems. Effective preventive measures are needed to reduce the unfavourable effects of shift work. In this study we explored whether use of digital participatory working time scheduling software improves employee well-being and perceived workability by analysing an observational cohort study as a pseudo-experiment. Participants of the Finnish Public Sector cohort study with payroll records available between 2015 and 2019 were included (N = 2427). After estimating the propensity score of using the participatory working time scheduling software on the baseline characteristics using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression and assigning inverse probability of treatment weights for each participant, we used generalised linear model to estimate the effect of using the participatory working time scheduling software on employees’ control over scheduling of shifts, perceived workability, self-rated health, work-life conflict, psychological distress and short sleep (≤ 6 h). During a 2-year follow-up, using the participatory working time scheduling software reduced the risk of employees’ low control over scheduling of shifts (risk ratio [RR] 0.34; 95% CI 0.25–0.46), short sleep (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52–0.95) and poor workability (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.55–0.99). The use of the software was not associated with changes in psychological distress, self-rated health and work-life conflict. In this observational study, we analysed as a pseudo-experiment, the use of participatory working time scheduling software was associated with increased employees’ perceived control over scheduling of shifts and improved sleep and self-rated workability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kati Karhula
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Jarno Turunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
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Andersen LPS, Hogh A, Andersen JH, Biering K. Depressive Symptoms Following Work-Related Violence and Threats and the Modifying Effect of Organizational Justice, Social Support, and Safety Perceptions. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:7110-7135. [PMID: 30827135 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519831386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Work-related threats and violence is a major occupational hazard and the consequences for victims may be a range of physical and psychological symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between exposure to work-related violence and threats and subsequent risk for depression and to examine whether the associations were modified by social support, organizational justice and safety perceptions. Questionnaire data was collected in 2010, 2011 and in 2015. A total of 5,342 employees from special schools, psychiatric wards, eldercare and the Prison and Probation Services (PPS) participated in the first round in 2010. The analysis was performed by multivariate logistic regression. Staff exposed for work-related threats and violence had an increased risk for depression compared to non-exposed staff. The risk was highest for staff working in PPS. Compared to low levels, there were a tendency for high levels of social support, organizational justice and safety perception to attenuate the associations between work-related threats and violence and depression. However, none of the differences were statistically significant. Many employees working in human service sectors are exposed to work-related threats and violence which increases the risk for depression. The risk for depression following work-related threats and violence may be modified by social support, organizational justice and the perception of safety workplace. It is recommended that workplaces adopt an integrated organizational approach including both prevention of work-related threats and violence and intervention to modify the health consequences of work-related threats and violence.
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13
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Heming M, Xu T, Nyberg A, Magnusson Hanson LL. The relationship between onset of workplace violence and onset of sleep disturbances in the Swedish working population. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13307. [PMID: 33655594 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the association between onset of workplace violence and onset of sleep disturbances. We used self-reported data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) collected in 2014, 2016, and 2018. A two-wave design was based on participants who had no exposure to workplace violence or sleep disturbances at baseline (n = 6,928). A three-wave design was based on participants who in addition were unexposed to sleep disturbances in the second wave (n = 6,150). Four items of the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire were used to measure sleep disturbances and one question was used to measure the occurrence of workplace violence or threats of violence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. In the two-wave approach, onset of workplace violence was associated with onset of sleep disturbances after adjustment for sex, age, occupational position, education, and civil status (adjusted odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.96). The association was no longer statistically significant after further adjustment for night/evening work, demands, control, and social support at work. In the three-wave approach, results were only suggestive of an association between onset of workplace violence and subsequent onset of sleep disturbances after adjustment for sex, age, occupational position, education, and civil status. Onset of frequent exposure to workplace violence was associated with subsequent onset of sleep disturbances in the adjusted analyses, but these analyses were based on few individuals (13 exposed versus 5,907 unexposed). The results did not conclusively demonstrate that onset of workplace violence predicts development of sleep disturbances. Further research could elucidate the role of other working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Heming
- Stress Research Institute at Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Stress Research Institute at Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Nyberg
- Stress Research Institute at Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhou M, Zhang J, Li F, Chen C. Work-Family Conflict and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Employees: Cross-Level Interaction of Organizational Justice Climate and Family Flexibility. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17196954. [PMID: 32977542 PMCID: PMC7579200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17196954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine how organizational and family factors protect employees from depressive symptoms induced by work-family conflict. With a cross-sectional design, a total of 2184 Chinese employees from 76 departments completed measures of work-family conflict, organizational justice, family flexibility, and depressive symptoms. The results showed that work-family conflict including work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict was positively associated with depressive symptoms. In cross-level analysis, organizational justice climate weakened the adverse effect of work-family conflict on depressive symptoms and the buffering effects of procedural and distributive justice climate in the association between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms depended on family flexibility. Specifically, compared with employees with high family flexibility, procedural and distributive justice climate had a stronger buffering effect for employees with low family flexibility. These results indicate that organization and family could compensate each other to mitigate the effect of work-family conflict on employees’ depressive symptoms. Cultivating justice climate in organization and enhancing family flexibility might be an effective way to reduce employees’ depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.Z.); (F.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Fugui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.Z.); (F.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
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15
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Üzar-Özçetin YS, Tee S, Erkan M. A reputational risk for the profession: Workplace violence toward nursing students. Collegian 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Nyberg A, Kecklund G, Hanson LM, Rajaleid K. Workplace violence and health in human service industries: a systematic review of prospective and longitudinal studies. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:69-81. [PMID: 32414952 PMCID: PMC7873420 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide systematically evaluated evidence of prospective associations between exposure to physical, psychological and gender-based violence and health among healthcare, social care and education workers. METHODS The guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science and PsycInfo were searched for population: human service workers; exposure: workplace violence; and study type: prospective or longitudinal in articles published 1990-August 2019. Quality assessment was performed based on a modified version of the Cochrane's 'Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Cohort Studies'. RESULTS After deduplication, 3566 studies remained, of which 132 articles were selected for full-text screening and 28 were included in the systematic review. A majority of the studies focused on healthcare personnel, were from the Nordic countries and were assessed to have medium quality. Nine of 11 associations between physical violence and poor mental health were statistically significant, and 3 of 4 associations between physical violence and sickness absence. Ten of 13 associations between psychological violence and poor mental health were statistically significant and 6 of 6 associations between psychological violence and sickness absence. The only study on gender-based violence and health reported a statistically non-significant association. CONCLUSION There is consistent evidence mainly in medium quality studies of prospective associations between psychological violence and poor mental health and sickness absence, and between physical violence and poor mental health in human service workers. More research using objective outcomes, improved exposure assessment and that focus on gender-based violence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nyberg
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Myung E, Domingos-Neto J, Murta GA, Vieira A, Lima PR, Lessa L, Bernardo WM. ANAMT Technical Guideline (DT 07): epidemiological mapping and preventive interventions against workplace violence. Rev Bras Med Trab 2020; 17:268-281. [PMID: 32270130 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520190448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Workplace violence has potentially high prevalence, in addition to positive correlation with risk of physical and mental disorders, absenteeism, high turnover rates, impaired productivity and poorer organizational climate. Workplace violence is embedded in the work routine, while its manifestations are heterogeneous and vary according to the local culture, work activities and organization. The scientific evidence for the efficacy of interventions to reduce the prevalence of violent incidents is insufficient to ground general recommendations applicable to any occupational activity. Consensus among organizational actors about notions, relevance, prevalence and risk factors associated with workplace violence, based on epidemiological mappings, is necessary, given the subjective and cultural nature of this problem, and also to enable organizational actors to jointly design pilot solutions. This approach is based on methods used in experimental studies and seeks to promote greater adherence to changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Myung
- Guidelines Unit, National Association of Occupational Medicine - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - José Domingos-Neto
- Guidelines Unit, National Association of Occupational Medicine - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Anielle Vieira
- Guidelines Unit, National Association of Occupational Medicine - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Paulo Rogerio Lima
- Guidelines Unit, National Association of Occupational Medicine - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Leandro Lessa
- Guidelines Unit, National Association of Occupational Medicine - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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18
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Magnavita N, Heponiemi T, Chirico F. Workplace Violence Is Associated With Impaired Work Functioning in Nurses: An Italian Cross‐Sectional Study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2020; 52:281-291. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Associate Professor, Director of Post‐graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and Medical Doctor, Department of Woman/Child and Public Health Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli Rome Italy
| | - Tarja Heponiemi
- Research professor, Social and Health Systems Research Unit National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Official Doctor, Health Service Department, State Police, Ministry of Interior, Milan, Italy and Contract Professor, Post‐graduate School of Occupational Medicine Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
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19
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Magnavita N, Di Stasio E, Capitanelli I, Lops EA, Chirico F, Garbarino S. Sleep Problems and Workplace Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:997. [PMID: 31632231 PMCID: PMC6779772 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out to study the relationship between workplace violence and sleep problems. Methods: The PRISMA statement was used to conduct a systematic search of the literature on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Sociological abstract, DOAJ, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Of the original number of 749 studies, 34 were included in the systematic review, and 7 in the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 119,361 participants from 15 different countries took part in these studies which were published between 1999 and 2019. Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 = 96%). In a random-effects meta-analysis model, pooled odds ratio (OR) analysis revealed that there was a direct relationship between occupational exposure to violence and sleep problems (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.77–3.66). According to the GRADE guidelines, the quality of evidence of the association was low. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that occupational exposure to physical, verbal, or sexual violence is associated with sleep problems. Further research on the relationship between violence and sleep is needed so that appropriate measures can be taken to prevent violence and improve sleep hygiene in the workplace. Trial Registration Number: PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42019124903) February 9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women/Child & Public Health, Gemelli General Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women/Child & Public Health, Gemelli General Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capitanelli
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Alessandra Lops
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Post-graduate School in Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Mother and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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20
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KOTTWITZ MU, GERHARDT C, PEREIRA D, ISELI L, ELFERING A. Teacher's sleep quality: linked to social job characteristics? Ind Health 2018; 56:53-61. [PMID: 28804097 PMCID: PMC5800866 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Besides dealing with high workload, being a teacher is challenging with respect to the social context. There is increasing evidence that adverse social job characteristics challenge sleep quality. The current study tests whether restraint sleep quality (defined as worse sleep quality before than during vacation) is related to time-related job stressors, job resources, and social job characteristics. Forty-eight elementary school teachers (42% women) participated both during the last week before and the first week after vacation. Before vacation, teachers were asked for demographics and working conditions with reference to the last 30 d, and sleep quality with reference to the last 7 d. After vacation sleep quality during vacation was assessed and used as reference for working time sleep quality. Results showed mean levels of sleep quality increased during vacation. In teachers with restrained working time sleep quality (38%), experiences of failure at work, social exclusion, and emotional dissonance were more frequent than in teachers with unrestrained working time sleep quality (Ps<0.05). Groups did not differ in time-related stressors, time control and social support from supervisors. Emotion work, social exclusion and individual experience of failure seem to challenge sleep quality in teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria U. KOTTWITZ
- Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany
- Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christin GERHARDT
- Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana PEREIRA
- Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lionel ISELI
- Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Achim ELFERING
- Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Magnavita N, Garbarino S. Sleep, Health and Wellness at Work: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E1347. [PMID: 29113118 PMCID: PMC5707986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many occupational factors may interfere with sleep. Sleep disturbances can, in turn, endanger the health and safety of workers. This rapid review of the literature identifies the main factors that alter the quantity and quality of sleep, indicates the effects these alterations have on the wellbeing of workers and suggests some health promotion measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Occupational Health Unit, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Pekurinen V, Willman L, Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Välimäki M. Patient Aggression and the Wellbeing of Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Psychiatric and Non-Psychiatric Settings. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E1245. [PMID: 29057802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wellbeing of nurses is associated with patient aggression. Little is known about the differences in these associations between nurses working in different specialties. We aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of patient aggression and the associations between patient aggression and the wellbeing of nurses in psychiatric and non-psychiatric specialties (medical and surgical, and emergency medicine). A sample of 5288 nurses (923 psychiatric nurses, 4070 medical and surgical nurses, 295 emergency nurses) participated in the study. Subjective measures were used to assess both the occurrence of patient aggression and the wellbeing of nurses (self-rated health, sleep disturbances, psychological distress and perceived work ability). Binary logistic regression with interaction terms was used to compare the associations between patient aggression and the wellbeing of nurses. Psychiatric nurses reported all types of patient aggression more frequently than medical and surgical nurses, whereas nurses working in emergency settings reported physical violence and verbal aggression more frequently than psychiatric nurses. Psychiatric nurses reported poor self-rated health and reduced work ability more frequently than both of the non-psychiatric nursing groups, whereas medical and surgical nurses reported psychological distress and sleep disturbances more often. Psychiatric nurses who had experienced at least one type of patient aggression or mental abuse in the previous year, were less likely to suffer from psychological distress and sleep disturbances compared to medical and surgical nurses. Psychiatric nurses who had experienced physical assaults and armed threats were less likely to suffer from sleep disturbances compared to nurses working in emergency settings. Compared to medical and surgical nurses, psychiatric nurses face patient aggression more often, but certain types of aggression are more common in emergency settings. Psychiatric nurses have worse subjective health and work ability than both of the non-psychiatric nursing groups, while their psychiatric wellbeing is better and they have less sleep problems compared to medical and surgical nurses. Psychiatric nurses maintain better psychiatric wellbeing and experience fewer sleep problems than non-psychiatric nurses after events of exposure to patient aggression. This suggest that more attention should be given to non-psychiatric settings for maintaining the wellbeing of nurses after exposure to patient aggression.
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