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Koistinen K, Mullaney L, Bell T, Zaki S, Nalca A, Frick O, Livingston V, Robinson CG, Estep JS, Batey KL, Dick EJ, Owston MA. Coccidioidomycosis in Nonhuman Primates: Pathologic and Clinical Findings. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:905-915. [PMID: 30071801 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818787306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates has been sporadically reported in the literature. This study describes 22 cases of coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates within an endemic region, and 79 cases of coccidioidomycosis from the veterinary literature are also reviewed. The 22 cases included baboons ( n = 10), macaques ( n = 9), and chimpanzees ( n = 3). The majority died or were euthanized following episodes of dyspnea, lethargy, or neurologic and locomotion abnormalities. The lungs were most frequently involved followed by the vertebral column and abdominal organs. Microscopic examination revealed granulomatous inflammation accompanied by fungal spherules variably undergoing endosporulation. Baboons represented a large number of cases presented here and had a unique presentation with lesions in bone or thoracic organs, but none had both intrathoracic and extrathoracic lesions. Although noted in 3 cases in the literature, cutaneous infections were not observed among the 22 contemporaneous cases. Similarly, subclinical infections were only rarely observed (2 cases). This case series and review of the literature illustrates that coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates reflects human disease with a varied spectrum of presentations from localized lesions to disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Koistinen
- 1 United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Mullaney
- 2 Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Todd Bell
- 1 United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sherif Zaki
- 3 Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- 1 United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ondraya Frick
- 1 United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Virginia Livingston
- 1 United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- 1 United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J Scot Estep
- 4 Texas Veterinary Pathology Associates LLC, Spring Branch, TX, USA
| | - K Lance Batey
- 4 Texas Veterinary Pathology Associates LLC, Spring Branch, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- 2 Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Owston
- 2 Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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