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Acharya M, Singh N, Gupta G, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Goyal R. Vitamin D, Calbindin, and calcium signaling: Unraveling the Alzheimer's connection. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111043. [PMID: 38211841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that is indispensable in regulating neurotransmission and memory formation. A precise intracellular calcium level is achieved through the concerted action of calcium channels, and calcium exerts its effect by binding to an array of calcium-binding proteins, including calmodulin (CAM), calcium-calmodulin complex-dependent protein kinase-II (CAMK-II), calbindin (CAL), and calcineurin (CAN). Calbindin orchestrates a plethora of signaling events that regulate synaptic transmission and depolarizing signals. Vitamin D, an endogenous fat-soluble metabolite, is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. It modulates calcium signaling by increasing the expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), stimulating phospholipase C activity, and regulating the expression of calcium channels such as TRPV6. Vitamin D also modulates the activity of calcium-binding proteins, including CAM and calbindin, and increases their expression. Calbindin, a high-affinity calcium-binding protein, is involved in calcium buffering and transport in neurons. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and caspase-3 activity stimulated by presenilin 1 and 2 in AD. Whereas CAM, another calcium-binding protein, is implicated in regulating neurotransmitter release and memory formation by phosphorylating CAN, CAMK-II, and other calcium-regulated proteins. CAMK-II and CAN regulate actin-induced spine shape changes, which are further modulated by CAM. Low levels of both calbindin and vitamin D are attributed to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Further research on vitamin D via calbindin-CAMK-II signaling may provide newer insights, revealing novel therapeutic targets and strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Acharya
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nicky Singh
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Universities of Nottingham and Lincoln College of Science, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Atakan MM, Türkel İ, Özerkliğ B, Koşar ŞN, Taylor DF, Yan X, Bishop DJ. Small peptides: could they have a big role in metabolism and the response to exercise? J Physiol 2024; 602:545-568. [PMID: 38196325 DOI: 10.1113/jp283214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a powerful non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment and prevention of numerous chronic diseases. Contracting skeletal muscles provoke widespread perturbations in numerous cells, tissues and organs, which stimulate multiple integrated adaptations that ultimately contribute to the many health benefits associated with regular exercise. Despite much research, the molecular mechanisms driving such changes are not completely resolved. Technological advancements beginning in the early 1960s have opened new avenues to explore the mechanisms responsible for the many beneficial adaptations to exercise. This has led to increased research into the role of small peptides (<100 amino acids) and mitochondrially derived peptides in metabolism and disease, including those coded within small open reading frames (sORFs; coding sequences that encode small peptides). Recently, it has been hypothesized that sORF-encoded mitochondrially derived peptides and other small peptides play significant roles as exercise-sensitive peptides in exercise-induced physiological adaptation. In this review, we highlight the discovery of mitochondrially derived peptides and newly discovered small peptides involved in metabolism, with a specific emphasis on their functions in exercise-induced adaptations and the prevention of metabolic diseases. In light of the few studies available, we also present data on how both single exercise sessions and exercise training affect expression of sORF-encoded mitochondrially derived peptides. Finally, we outline numerous research questions that await investigation regarding the roles of mitochondrially derived peptides in metabolism and prevention of various diseases, in addition to their roles in exercise-induced physiological adaptations, for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - İbrahim Türkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Özerkliğ
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran N Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dale F Taylor
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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da Silva HNM, Mizobuti DS, Pereira VA, da Rocha GL, da Cruz MV, de Oliveira AG, Silveira LR, Minatel E. LED therapy plus idebenone treatment targeting calcium and mitochondrial signaling pathways in dystrophic muscle cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:773-785. [PMID: 37578579 PMCID: PMC10746663 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are some of the main pathway contributors towards disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) and idebenone antioxidant treatment, applied alone or together in dystrophic primary muscle cells from mdx mice, the experimental model of DMD. Mdx primary muscle cells were submitted to LEDT and idebenone treatment and evaluated for cytotoxic effects and calcium and mitochondrial signaling pathways. LEDT and idebenone treatment showed no cytotoxic effects on the dystrophic muscle cells. Regarding the calcium pathways, after LEDT and idebenone treatment, a significant reduction in intracellular calcium content, calpain-1, calsequestrin, and sarcolipin levels, was observed. In addition, a significant reduction in oxidative stress level markers, such as H2O2, and 4-HNE levels, was observed. Regarding mitochondrial signaling pathways, a significant increase in oxidative capacity (by OCR and OXPHOS levels) was observed. In addition, the PGC-1α, SIRT-1, and PPARδ levels were significantly higher in the LEDT plus idebenone treated-dystrophic muscle cells. Together, the findings suggest that LEDT and idebenone treatment, alone or in conjunction, can modulate the calcium and mitochondrial signaling pathways, such as SLN, SERCA 1, and PGC-1α, contributing towards the improvement of the dystrophic phenotype in mdx muscle cells. In addition, data from the LEDT plus idebenone treatment showed slightly better results than those of each separate treatment in terms of SLN, OXPHOS, and SIRT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Sayuri Mizobuti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Valéria Andrade Pereira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz da Rocha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Cruz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Reis Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elaine Minatel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Pati B, Sendh S, Sahu B, Pani S, Jena N, Bal NC. Recent advancements in pharmacological strategies to modulate energy balance for combating obesity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1429-1445. [PMID: 37593583 PMCID: PMC10429841 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity along with its related metabolic diseases has increased globally in recent decades. Obesity originates from a heterogeneous physiological state, which is further complicated by the influence of factors such as genetic, behavioural, and environmental. Lifestyle interventions including exercise and diet have limited success, necessitating the development of pharmacological approaches. Mechanistically, strategies target either reducing energy intake or increasing consumption through metabolism boosting. Current drugs lower energy intake via inducing satiety or inhibiting substrate absorption, while targeting mitochondria or cytosolic energy sensors has shown limited success due to toxicity. Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) has provided hope for activating these processes selectively without significant side effects. The internet-based marketing of plant-based formulations for enhancing metabolism has surged. This review compiles scientific articles, magazines, newspapers, and online resources on anti-obesity drug development. Combination therapy of metabolic boosters and established anti-obesity compounds appears to be a promising future approach that requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benudhara Pati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Satyabrata Sendh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Sunil Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Nivedita Jena
- Institute of Life Science, DBT ILS Bioincubator Bhubaneswar Odisha 751021-India
| | - Naresh Chandra Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
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5
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Gurd BJ, Menezes ES, Arhen BB, Islam H. Impacts of altered exercise volume, intensity, and duration on the activation of AMPK and CaMKII and increases in PGC-1α mRNA. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:17-27. [PMID: 35680515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore and discuss the impacts of augmented training volume, intensity, and duration on the phosphorylation/activation of key signaling protein - AMPK, CaMKII and PGC-1α - involved in the initiation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Specifically, we explore the impacts of augmented exercise protocols on AMP/ADP and Ca2+ signaling and changes in post exercise PGC - 1α gene expression. Although AMP/ADP concentrations appear to increase with increasing intensity and during extended durations of higher intensity exercise AMPK activation results are varied with some results supporting and intensity/duration effect and others not. Similarly, CaMKII activation and signaling results following exercise of different intensities and durations are inconsistent. The PGC-1α literature is equally inconsistent with only some studies demonstrating an effect of intensity on post exercise mRNA expression. We present a novel meta-analysis that suggests that the inconsistency in the PGC-1α literature may be due to sample size and statistical power limitations owing to the effect of intensity on PGC-1α expression being small. There is little data available regarding the impact of exercise duration on PGC-1α expression. We highlight the need for future well designed, adequately statistically powered, studies to clarify our understanding of the effects of volume, intensity, and duration on the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Benjamin B Arhen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Hamstra SI, Roy BD, Tiidus P, MacNeil AJ, Klentrou P, MacPherson RE, Fajardo VA. Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:891-910. [PMID: 35236261 PMCID: PMC10227915 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302151224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is most well-known for its mood-stabilizing effects in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to its narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.2 mM serum concentration), there is a stigma associated with lithium treatment and the adverse effects that can occur at therapeutic doses. However, several studies have indicated that doses of lithium under the predetermined therapeutic dose used in bipolar disorder treatment may have beneficial effects not only in the brain but across the body. Currently, literature shows that low-dose lithium (≤0.5 mM) may be beneficial for cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cognitive function, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant processes of the aging body. There is also some evidence of low-dose lithium exerting a similar and sometimes synergistic effect on these systems. This review summarizes these findings with a focus on low-dose lithium's potential benefits on the aging process and age-related diseases of these systems, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity and type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and the chronic low-grade inflammatory state known as inflammaging. Although lithium's actions have been widely studied in the brain, the study of the potential benefits of lithium, particularly at a low dose, is still relatively novel. Therefore, this review aims to provide possible mechanistic insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tiidus
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E.K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Daneshyar S, Ghasemnian A, Mirakhori Z, Daneshyar S. The effect of high fat diet and endurance training on newly discovery of nonshivering-thermogenic factors under thermoneutrality in mice. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Heemstra LA, Koch LG, Britton SL, Novak CM. Altered skeletal muscle sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase calcium transport efficiency after a thermogenic stimulus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R628-R637. [PMID: 36094445 PMCID: PMC9602703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00173.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to predator threat induces a rapid and robust increase in skeletal muscle thermogenesis in rats. The central nervous system relays threat information to skeletal muscle through activation of the sympathetic nervous system, but muscle mechanisms mediating this thermogenesis remain unidentified. Given the relevance of sarcolipin-mediated futile calcium cycling through the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump to mammalian muscle nonshivering thermogenesis, we hypothesized that this plays a role in contextually induced muscle thermogenesis as well. This was assessed by measuring enzymatic activity of SERCA and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport, where the apparent coupling ratio (Ca2+ uptake rate divided by ATPase activity rate at a standard Ca2+ concentration) was predicted to decrease in association with muscle thermogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to predator (ferret) odor (PO) showed a rapid decrease in the apparent coupling ratio in the soleus muscle, indicating SERCA uncoupling compared with control-odor-exposed rats. A rat model of high aerobic fitness and elevated muscle thermogenesis also demonstrated soleus muscle SERCA uncoupling relative to their obesity-prone, low-fitness counterparts. Both the high- and low-aerobic fitness rats showed soleus SERCA uncoupling with exposure to PO. Finally, no increase in sarcolipin expression in soleus muscle was detected with PO exposure. This dataset implicates muscle uncoupling of SERCA Ca2+ transport and ATP hydrolysis, likely through altered SERCA or sarcolipin function outside of translational regulation, as one contributor to the muscle thermogenesis provoked by exposure to predator threat. These data support the involvement of SERCA uncoupling in both muscle thermogenic induction and enhanced aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Heemstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Colleen M Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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Geromella MS, Ryan CR, Braun JL, Finch MS, Maddalena LA, Bagshaw O, Hockey BL, Moradi F, Fenech RK, Ryoo J, Marko DM, Dhaliwal R, Sweezey-Munroe J, Hamstra SI, Gardner G, Silvera S, Vandenboom R, Roy BD, Stuart JA, MacPherson RE, Fajardo VA. Low-dose lithium supplementation promotes adipose tissue browning and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase uncoupling in muscle. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Jahn M, Seebacher F. Variations in cost of transport and their ecological consequences: a review. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276242. [PMID: 35942859 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Movement is essential in the ecology of most animals, and it typically consumes a large proportion of individual energy budgets. Environmental conditions modulate the energetic cost of movement (cost of transport, COT), and there are pronounced differences in COT between individuals within species and across species. Differences in morphology affect COT, but the physiological mechanisms underlying variation in COT remain unresolved. Candidates include mitochondrial efficiency and the efficiency of muscle contraction-relaxation dynamics. Animals can offset increased COT behaviourally by adjusting movement rate and habitat selection. Here, we review the theory underlying COT and the impact of environmental changes on COT. Increasing temperatures, in particular, increase COT and its variability between individuals. Thermal acclimation and exercise can affect COT, but this is not consistent across taxa. Anthropogenic pollutants can increase COT, although few chemical pollutants have been investigated. Ecologically, COT may modify the allocation of energy to different fitness-related functions, and thereby influence fitness of individuals, and the dynamics of animal groups and communities. Future research should consider the effects of multiple stressors on COT, including a broader range of pollutants, the underlying mechanisms of COT and experimental quantifications of potential COT-induced allocation trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Jahn
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Pani P, Bal NC. Avian adjustments to cold and non-shivering thermogenesis: whats, wheres and hows. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2106-2126. [PMID: 35899483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian cold adaptation is hallmarked by innovative strategies of both heat conservation and thermogenesis. While minimizing heat loss can reduce the thermogenic demands of body temperature maintenance, it cannot eliminate the requirement for thermogenesis. Shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) are the two synergistic mechanisms contributing to endothermy. Birds are of particular interest in studies of NST as they lack brown adipose tissue (BAT), the major organ of NST in mammals. Critical analysis of the existing literature on avian strategies of cold adaptation suggests that skeletal muscle is the principal site of NST. Despite recent progress, isolating the mechanisms involved in avian muscle NST has been difficult as shivering and NST co-exist with its primary locomotory function. Herein, we re-evaluate various proposed molecular bases of avian skeletal muscle NST. Experimental evidence suggests that sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) are key in avian muscle NST, through their mediation of futile Ca2+ cycling and thermogenesis. More recent studies have shown that SERCA regulation by sarcolipin (SLN) facilitates muscle NST in mammals; however, its role in birds is unclear. Ca2+ signalling in the muscle seems to be common to contraction, shivering and NST, but elucidating its roles will require more precise measurement of local Ca2+ levels inside avian myofibres. The endocrine control of avian muscle NST is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of avian muscle NST will provide insights into the roles of these processes in regulatory thermogenesis, which could further inform our understanding of the evolution of endothermy among vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyadhara Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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12
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Baranowski RW, Braun JL, Vandenboom R, Fajardo VA. Neurogranin inhibits calcineurin in murine soleus muscle: Effects of heterozygous knockdown on muscle adaptations to tenotomy and fatigue resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 623:89-95. [PMID: 35878428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a calmodulin (CaM) binding protein that negatively regulates calcineurin - a Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphatase that can mitigate the slow-to-fast fibre type shift observed with muscle unloading. Here, we questioned whether heterozygous deletion of Ng (Ng+/-) would enhance calcineurin activity, thereby minimizing the slow-to-fast fibre type shift caused by muscle unloading. As expected, soleus muscles from young adult (3-4 months old) Ng± mice had lowered Ng content and enhanced calcineurin activity when compared to soleus muscles obtained from male age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Two weeks after tenotomy surgery, where the soleus and gastrocnemius tendons were severed, soleus total fibre count were found to be similarly reduced across both genotypes. However, significant reductions in myofibre cross-sectional area were only found in WT mice and not Ng± mice. Furthermore, while soleus muscles from both WT and Ng± mice exhibited a slow-to-fast fibre type shift with tenotomy, soleus muscles from Ng± mice, in both sham and tenotomized conditions, had a greater proportion of oxidative fibres (type I and IIA) compared with that of WT mice. Corresponding well with this, we found that soleus muscles from Ng± mice were more fatigue resistant compared with those obtained from their WT counterparts. Collectively, these findings show that heterozygous Ng deletion increases calcineurin activation, preserves myofibre size in response to unloading, and promotes the oxidative fibre type to ultimately enhance fatigue resistance. This study demonstrates the role of Ng in regulating calcineurin in vivo and its influence on skeletal muscle form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Baranowski
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jessica L Braun
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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13
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Križančić Bombek L, Čater M. Skeletal Muscle Uncoupling Proteins in Mice Models of Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030259. [PMID: 35323702 PMCID: PMC8955650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes are among major and increasing worldwide problems that occur fundamentally due to excessive energy intake during its expenditure. Endotherms continuously consume a certain amount of energy to maintain core body temperature via thermogenic processes, mainly in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle glucose utilization and heat production are significant and directly linked to body glucose homeostasis at rest, and especially during physical activity. However, this glucose balance is impaired in diabetic and obese states in humans and mice, and manifests as glucose resistance and altered muscle cell metabolism. Uncoupling proteins have a significant role in converting electrochemical energy into thermal energy without ATP generation. Different homologs of uncoupling proteins were identified, and their roles were linked to antioxidative activity and boosting glucose and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, uncoupling proteins were studied in correlation to the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity and their possible treatments. Mice were extensively used as model organisms to study the physiology and pathophysiology of energy homeostasis. However, we should be aware of interstrain differences in mice models of obesity regarding thermogenesis and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in this review, we gathered up-to-date knowledge on skeletal muscle uncoupling proteins and their effect on insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.
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14
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Reddy UV, Weber DK, Wang S, Larsen EK, Gopinath T, De Simone A, Robia S, Veglia G. A kink in DWORF helical structure controls the activation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase. Structure 2022; 30:360-370.e6. [PMID: 34875216 PMCID: PMC8897251 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SERCA is a P-type ATPase embedded in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and plays a central role in muscle relaxation. SERCA's function is regulated by single-pass membrane proteins called regulins. Unlike other regulins, dwarf open reading frame (DWORF) expressed in cardiac muscle has a unique activating effect. Here, we determine the structure and topology of DWORF in lipid bilayers using a combination of oriented sample solid-state NMR spectroscopy and replica-averaged orientationally restrained molecular dynamics. We found that DWORF's structural topology consists of a dynamic N-terminal domain, an amphipathic juxtamembrane helix that crosses the lipid groups at an angle of 64°, and a transmembrane C-terminal helix with an angle of 32°. A kink induced by Pro15, unique to DWORF, separates the two helical domains. A single Pro15Ala mutant significantly decreases the kink and eliminates DWORF's activating effect on SERCA. Overall, our findings directly link DWORF's structural topology to its activating effect on SERCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Venkateswara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel K. Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Songlin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Erik K. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tata Gopinath
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Seth Robia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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15
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Bonilauri B, Dallagiovanna B. Microproteins in skeletal muscle: hidden keys in muscle physiology. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:100-113. [PMID: 34850602 PMCID: PMC8818594 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the transcriptomics, translatomics, and proteomics have led us to the exciting new world of functional endogenous microproteins. These microproteins have a small size and are derived from small open reading frames (smORFs) of RNAs previously annotated as non-coding (e.g. lncRNAs and circRNAs) as well as from untranslated regions and canonical mRNAs. The presence of these microproteins reveals a much larger translatable portion of the genome, shifting previously defined dogmas and paradigms. These findings affect our view of organisms as a whole, including skeletal muscle tissue. Emerging evidence demonstrates that several smORF-derived microproteins play crucial roles during muscle development (myogenesis), maintenance, and regeneration, as well as lipid and glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle bioenergetics. These microproteins are also involved in processes including physical activity capacity, cellular stress, and muscular-related diseases (i.e. myopathy, cachexia, atrophy, and muscle wasting). Given the role of these small proteins as important key regulators of several skeletal muscle processes, there are rich prospects for the discovery of new microproteins and possible therapies using synthetic microproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bonilauri
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute - Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute - Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) is a small integral membrane protein that regulates the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump. When bound to SERCA, SLN reduces the apparent Ca2+ affinity of SERCA and uncouples SERCA Ca2+ transport from its ATP consumption. As such, SLN plays a direct role in altering skeletal muscle relaxation and energy expenditure. Interestingly, the expression of SLN is dynamic during times of muscle adaptation, where large increases in SLN content are found in response to development, atrophy, overload and disease. Several groups have suggested that increases in SLN, especially in dystrophic muscle, are deleterious to muscle function and exacerbate already abhorrent intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, there is also significant evidence to show that increased SLN content is a beneficial adaptive mechanism which protects the SERCA pump and activates Ca2+ signaling and adaptive remodeling during times of cell stress. In this review, we first discuss the role for SLN in healthy muscle during both development and overload, where SLN has been shown to activate Ca2+ signaling to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, fibre type shifts and muscle hypertrophy. Then, with respect to muscle disease, we summarize the discrepancies in the literature as to whether SLN upregulation is adaptive or maladaptive in nature. This review is the first to offer the concept of SLN hormesis in muscle disease, wherein both too much and too little SLN are detrimental to muscle health. Finally, the underlying mechanisms which activate SLN upregulation are discussed, specifically acknowledging a potential positive feedback loop between SLN and Ca2+ signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma S Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Braun JL, Ryoo J, Goodwin K, Copeland EN, Geromella MS, Baranowski RW, MacPherson REK, Fajardo VA. The effects of neurogranin knockdown on SERCA pump efficiency in soleus muscles of female mice fed a high fat diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:957182. [PMID: 36072929 PMCID: PMC9441848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.957182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump is responsible for the transport of Ca2+ from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum at the expense of ATP, making it a regulator of both muscle relaxation and muscle-based energy expenditure. Neurogranin (Ng) is a small protein that negatively regulates calcineurin signaling. Calcineurin is Ca2+/calmodulin dependent phosphatase that promotes the oxidative fibre type in skeletal muscle and regulates muscle-based energy expenditure. A recent study has shown that calcineurin activation reduces SERCA Ca2+ transport efficiency, ultimately raising energy expenditure. Since the biomedical view of obesity states that it arises as an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure which favors the former, we questioned whether heterozygous Ng deletion (Ng+/- ) would reduce SERCA efficiency and increase energy expenditure in female mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Young (3-4-month-old) female wild type (WT) and Ng+/- mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks with their metabolic profile being analyzed using metabolic cages and DXA scanning, while soleus SERCA efficiency was measured using SERCA specific Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity assays. Ng+/- mice showed significantly less cage ambulation compared to WT mice but this did not lead to any added weight gain nor changes in daily energy expenditure, glucose or insulin tolerance despite a similar level of food intake. Furthermore, we observed significant reductions in SERCA's apparent coupling ratio which were associated with significant reductions in SERCA1 and phospholamban content. Thus, our results show that Ng regulates SERCA pump efficiency, and future studies should further investigate the potential cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jisook Ryoo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Goodwin
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Emily N. Copeland
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Mia S. Geromella
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan W. Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Val A. Fajardo,
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18
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Braun JL, Teng ACT, Geromella MS, Ryan CR, Fenech RK, MacPherson REK, Gramolini AO, Fajardo VA. Neuronatin promotes SERCA uncoupling and its expression is altered in skeletal muscles of high-fat diet-fed mice. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2756-2767. [PMID: 34693525 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) is a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum involved in metabolic regulation. It shares sequence homology with sarcolipin (SLN), which negatively regulates the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) that maintains energy homeostasis in muscles. Here, we examined whether NNAT could uncouple the Ca2+ transport activity of SERCA from ATP hydrolysis, similarly to SLN. NNAT significantly reduced Ca2+ uptake without altering SERCA activity, ultimately lowering the apparent coupling ratio of SERCA. This effect of NNAT was reversed by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. Furthermore, soleus muscles from high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed a significant downregulation in NNAT content compared with chow-fed mice, whereas an upregulation in NNAT content was observed in fast-twitch muscles from HFD- versus chow- fed mice. Therefore, NNAT is a SERCA uncoupler in cells and may function in adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Allen C T Teng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mia S Geromella
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Chantal R Ryan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Rachel K Fenech
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
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19
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Devi RV, Raj D, Doble M. Lockdown of mitochondrial Ca 2+ extrusion and subsequent resveratrol treatment kill HeLa cells by Ca 2+ overload. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106071. [PMID: 34428589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer effect of resveratrol and the role of sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger in context with calcium ions are studied in human cervical cancer cell line. This therapeutic approach using siNCLX mediated gene silencing and drug therapy with resveratrol indicates the disruption of calcium homeostasis, increase in caspase (-3, 8, 9) mRNA expressions and DNA damage leading to apoptotic cell death. Monitoring the intracellular Ca2+ changes using fluo-4AM indicates highest rise in [Ca2+] level in sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger silenced group with five different stages, that is distinguishable based on the fluorescence intensity. In resveratrol treated and siNCLX + resveratrol treated groups no such cell staging differences were observed, despite uniform Ca2+ rise followed by decrease in the intensity. Integrating RNAi gene silencing of sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger with resveratrol can form the most interesting, efficient and promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Viswambari Devi
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Divakar Raj
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600036, India.
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20
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Zekri Y, Flamant F, Gauthier K. Central vs. Peripheral Action of Thyroid Hormone in Adaptive Thermogenesis: A Burning Topic. Cells 2021; 10:1327. [PMID: 34071979 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) contribute to the control of adaptive thermogenesis, which is associated with both higher energy expenditure and lower body mass index. While it was clearly established that TH act directly in the target tissues to fulfill its metabolic activities, some studies have rather suggested that TH act in the hypothalamus to control these processes. This paradigm shift has subjected the topic to intense debates. This review aims to recapitulate how TH control adaptive thermogenesis and to what extent the brain is involved in this process. This is of crucial importance for the design of new pharmacological agents that would take advantage of the TH metabolic properties.
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21
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Bal NC, Gupta SC, Pant M, Sopariwala DH, Gonzalez-Escobedo G, Turner J, Gunn JS, Pierson CR, Harper SQ, Rafael-Fortney JA, Periasamy M. Is Upregulation of Sarcolipin Beneficial or Detrimental to Muscle Function? Front Physiol 2021; 12:633058. [PMID: 33732165 PMCID: PMC7956958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.633058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) is a regulator of sarco/endo plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump and has been shown to be involved in muscle nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and energy metabolism. Interestingly, SLN expression is significantly upregulated both during muscle development and in several disease states. However, the significance of altered SLN expression in muscle patho-physiology is not completely understood. We have previously shown that transgenic over-expression of SLN in skeletal muscle is not detrimental, and can promote oxidative metabolism and exercise capacity. In contrast, some studies have suggested that SLN upregulation in disease states is deleterious for muscle function and ablation of SLN can be beneficial. In this perspective article, we critically examine both published and some new data to determine the relevance of SLN expression to disease pathology. The new data presented in this paper show that SLN levels are induced in muscle during systemic bacterial (Salmonella) infection or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. We also present data showing that SLN expression is significantly upregulated in different types of muscular dystrophies including myotubular myopathy. These data taken together reveal that upregulation of SLN expression in muscle disease is progressive and increases with severity. Therefore, we suggest that increased SLN expression should not be viewed as the cause of the disease; rather, it is a compensatory response to meet the higher energy demand of the muscle. We interpret that higher SLN/SERCA ratio positively modulate cytosolic Ca2+ signaling pathways to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism to meet higher energy demand in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meghna Pant
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Danesh H Sopariwala
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Geoffrey Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joanne Turner
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - John S Gunn
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Scott Q Harper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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22
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Singh S, Periasamy M, Bal NC. Strain-specific differences in muscle Ca 2+ transport and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 224:jeb.238634. [PMID: 33268531 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models have been used to determine the role of sarcolipin (SLN) in muscle. However, a few studies had difficulty in detecting SLN in FBV/N mice and questioned its relevance to muscle metabolism. It is known that genetic alteration of proteins in different inbred mice strains produces dissimilar functional outcomes. Therefore, here we compared the expression of SLN and key proteins involved in Ca2+ handling and mitochondrial metabolism between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mouse strains. Data suggest that SLN expression is less abundant in the skeletal muscles of FVB/N mice than in the C57BL/6J strain. The expression of Ca2+ transporters in the mitochondrial membranes was also lower in FVB/N than in C57BL/6J mice. Similarly, electron transport chain proteins in the mitochondria were less abundant in FVB/N mice, which may contribute to differences in energy metabolism. Future studies using different mouse strains should take these differences into account when interpreting their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Singh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA .,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024 India
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23
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Fu M, Bombardier E, Gamu D, Tupling AR. Phospholamban and sarcolipin prevent thermal inactivation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases. Biochem J 2020; 477:4281-94. [PMID: 33111944 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Na+-K+-ATPase from mice lacking the γ subunit exhibits decreased thermal stability. Phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN) are small homologous proteins that regulate sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) with properties similar to the γ subunit, through physical interactions with SERCAs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PLN and SLN may protect against thermal inactivation of SERCAs. HEK-293 cells were co-transfected with different combinations of cDNAs encoding SERCA2a, PLN, a PLN mutant (N34A) that cannot bind to SERCA2a, and SLN. One-half of the cells were heat stressed at 40°C for 1 h (HS), and one-half were maintained at 37°C (CTL) before harvesting the cells and isolating microsomes. Compared with CTL, maximal SERCA activity was reduced by 25-35% following HS in cells that expressed either SERCA2a alone or SERCA2a and mutant PLN (N34A) whereas no change in maximal SERCA2a activity was observed in cells that co-expressed SERCA2a and either PLN or SLN following HS. Increases in SERCA2a carbonyl group content and nitrotyrosine levels that were detected following HS in cells that expressed SERCA2a alone were prevented in cells co-expressing SERCA2a with PLN or SLN, whereas co-expression of SERCA2a with mutant PLN (N34A) only prevented carbonyl group formation. In other experiments using knock-out mice, we found that thermal inactivation of SERCA was increased in cardiac left ventricle samples from Pln-null mice and in diaphragm samples from Sln-null mice, compared with WT littermates. Our results show that both PLN and SLN form a protective interaction with SERCA pumps during HS, preventing nitrosylation and oxidation of SERCA and thus preserving its maximal activity.
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24
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Braun JL, Geromella MS, Hamstra SI, Fajardo VA. Neuronatin regulates whole-body metabolism: is thermogenesis involved? FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:579-586. [PMID: 33089074 PMCID: PMC7566048 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) was originally discovered in 1995 and labeled as a brain developmental gene due to its abundant expression in developing brains. Over the past 25 years, researchers have uncovered NNAT in other tissues; notably, the hypothalamus, pancreatic β‐cells, and adipocytes. Recent evidence in these tissues indicates that NNAT plays a significant role in metabolism whereby it regulates food intake, insulin secretion, and adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, genetic deletion of Nnat in mice lowers whole‐body energy expenditure and increases susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity and glucose intolerance; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Based on its sequence homology with phospholamban, NNAT has a purported role in regulating the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump. However, NNAT also shares sequence homology with sarcolipin, which has the unique property of uncoupling the SERCA pump, increasing whole‐body energy expenditure and thus promoting adaptive thermogenesis in states of caloric excess or cold exposure. Thus, in this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggestive of NNAT’s role in whole‐body metabolic regulation, while highlighting its potential to mediate adaptive thermogenesis via SERCA uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Neuroscience Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
| | - Mia S Geromella
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
| | - Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University St. Catharines ON USA.,Centre for Neuroscience Brock University St. Catharines ON USA
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Sandeman LY, Kang WX, Wang X, Jensen KB, Wong D, Bo T, Gao L, Zhao J, Byrne CD, Page AJ, Proud CG. Disabling MNK protein kinases promotes oxidative metabolism and protects against diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101054. [PMID: 32712434 PMCID: PMC7476876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diet-driven obesity is increasingly widespread. Its consequences pose major challenges to human health and health care systems. There are MAP kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) in mice, MNK1 and MNK2. Studies have demonstrated that mice lacking either MNK1 or MNK2 were partially protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. The aims of this study were to evaluate the phenotype of mice lacking both MNKs when given an HFD, to assess whether pharmacological inhibition of MNK function also protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO) and its consequences and to probe the mechanisms underlying such protection. Methods Male wild-type (WT) C57Bl6 mice or mice lacking both MNK1 and MNK2 (double knockout, DKO) were fed an HFD or control diet (CD) for up to 16 weeks. In a separate study, WT mice were also given an HFD for 6 weeks, after which half were treated with the recently-developed MNK inhibitor ETC-206 daily for 10 more weeks while continuing an HFD. Metabolites and other parameters were measured, and the expression of selected mRNAs and proteins was assessed. Results MNK-DKO mice were almost completely protected from HFD-induced obesity. Higher energy expenditure (EE) in MNK-DKO mice was observed, which probably reflects the changes in a number of genes or proteins linked to lipolysis, mitochondrial function/biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and/or ATP consumption. The MNK inhibitor ETC-206 also prevented HFD-induced weight gain, confirming that the activity of the MNKs facilitates weight gain due to excessive caloric consumption. Conclusions Disabling MNKs in mice, either genetically or pharmacologically, strongly prevents weight gain on a calorie-rich diet. This finding likely results from increased energy utilisation, involving greater ATP consumption, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and other processes. Knockout of MNK1/MNK2 protects mice against diet-induced obesity. MNK1/2 DKO mice have higher energy expenditure. MNK1/2 DKO increases the expression of genes of lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of MNKs has similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Y Sandeman
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Wan Xian Kang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kirk B Jensen
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Derick Wong
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tao Bo
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Shandong-South Australia Joint Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amanda J Page
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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