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Lu X, Li G, Liu Y, Luo G, Ding S, Zhang T, Li N, Geng Q. The role of fatty acid metabolism in acute lung injury: a special focus on immunometabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:120. [PMID: 38456906 PMCID: PMC10923746 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Reputable evidence from multiple studies suggests that excessive and uncontrolled inflammation plays an indispensable role in mediating, amplifying, and protracting acute lung injury (ALI). Traditionally, immunity and energy metabolism are regarded as separate functions regulated by distinct mechanisms, but recently, more and more evidence show that immunity and energy metabolism exhibit a strong interaction which has given rise to an emerging field of immunometabolism. Mammalian lungs are organs with active fatty acid metabolism, however, during ALI, inflammation and oxidative stress lead to a series metabolic reprogramming such as impaired fatty acid oxidation, increased expression of proteins involved in fatty acid uptake and transport, enhanced synthesis of fatty acids, and accumulation of lipid droplets. In addition, obesity represents a significant risk factor for ALI/ARDS. Thus, we have further elucidated the mechanisms of obesity exacerbating ALI from the perspective of fatty acid metabolism. To sum up, this paper presents a systematical review of the relationship between extensive fatty acid metabolic pathways and acute lung injury and summarizes recent advances in understanding the involvement of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in ALI. We hold an optimistic believe that targeting fatty acid metabolism pathway is a promising lung protection strategy, but the specific regulatory mechanisms are way too complex, necessitating further extensive and in-depth investigations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Silva AR, de Souza e Souza KFC, Souza TBD, Younes-Ibrahim M, Burth P, de Castro Faria Neto HC, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. The Na/K-ATPase role as a signal transducer in lung inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1287512. [PMID: 38299144 PMCID: PMC10827986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is marked by damage to the capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium following edema formation and cell infiltration. Currently, there are no effective treatments for severe ARDS. Pathologies such as sepsis, pneumonia, fat embolism, and severe trauma may cause ARDS with respiratory failure. The primary mechanism of edema clearance is the epithelial cells' Na/K-ATPase (NKA) activity. NKA is an enzyme that maintains the electrochemical gradient and cell homeostasis by transporting Na+ and K+ ions across the cell membrane. Direct injury on alveolar cells or changes in ion transport caused by infections decreases the NKA activity, loosening tight junctions in epithelial cells and causing edema formation. In addition, NKA acts as a receptor triggering signal transduction in response to the binding of cardiac glycosides. The ouabain (a cardiac glycoside) and oleic acid induce lung injury by targeting NKA. Besides enzymatic inhibition, the NKA triggers intracellular signal transduction, fostering proinflammatory cytokines production and contributing to lung injury. Herein, we reviewed and discussed the crucial role of NKA in edema clearance, lung injury, and intracellular signaling pathway activation leading to lung inflammation, thus putting the NKA as a protagonist in lung injury pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Thamires Bandeira De Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Younes-Ibrahim
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Song J, Li M, Chen C, Zhou J, Wang L, Yan Y, She J, Tong L, Song Y. Regulator of G protein signaling protein 6 alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and promoting cell self-renewal in mice. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:102. [PMID: 38066447 PMCID: PMC10709870 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. Regulator of G protein signaling protein 6 (RGS6), identified as a tumor suppressor gene, has received increasing attention owing to its close relationship with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the association between ARDS and RGS6 has not been reported. METHODS Congruously regulated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-related genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in an acute lung injury (ALI) model were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was conducted. In an in vivo study, the effects of RGS6 knockout were studied in a mouse model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HE staining, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate pathological changes and the degree of inflammation. In vitro, qRT‒PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were used to determine the dynamic changes in RGS6 expression in cells. The RGS6 overexpression plasmid was constructed for transfection. qRT‒PCR was used to assess proinflammatory factors transcription. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Organoid culture was used to assess the stemness and self-renewal capacity of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s). RESULTS A total of 110 congruously regulated genes (61 congruously upregulated and 49 congruously downregulated genes) were identified among GPCR-related genes and DEGs in the ALI model. RGS6 was downregulated in vivo and in vitro in the ALI model. RGS6 was expressed in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the nucleus after LPS stimulation. Compared with the control group, we found higher mortality, more pronounced body weight changes, more serious pulmonary edema and pathological damage, and more neutrophil infiltration in the RGS6 knockout group upon LPS stimulation in vivo. Moreover, AEC2s loss was significantly increased upon RGS6 knockout. Organoid culture assays showed slower alveolar organoid formation, fewer alveolar organoids, and impaired development of new structures after passaging upon RGS6 knockout. In addition, RGS6 overexpression decreased ROS production as well as proinflammatory factor transcription in macrophages and decreased apoptosis in epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS RGS6 plays a protective role in ALI not only in early inflammatory responses but also in endogenous lung stem cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun She
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lin Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Moonwiriyakit A, Yimnual C, Noitem R, Dinsuwannakol S, Sontikun J, Kaewin S, Worakajit N, Soontornniyomkij V, Muanprasat C. GPR120/FFAR4 stimulation attenuates airway remodeling and suppresses IL-4- and IL-13-induced airway epithelial injury via inhibition of STAT6 and Akt. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115774. [PMID: 37924784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is associated with severity and treatment insensitivity in asthma. This study aimed to investigate the effects of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) stimulation on alleviating allergic inflammation and remodeling of airway epithelium. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice and type-2-cytokine (IL-4 and IL-13)-exposed 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with GSK137647A, a selective GPR120 agonist. Markers of allergic inflammation and airway remodeling were determined. RESULTS GSK137647A attenuated inflammation and mucus secretion in airway epithelium of OVA-challenged mice. Stimulation of GPR120 in 16HBE suppressed expression of asthma-associated cytokines and cytokine-induced expression of pathogenic mucin-MUC5AC. These effects were abolished by co-treatment with AH7614, a GPR120 antagonist. Moreover, GPR120 stimulation in 16HBE cells reduced expression of fibrotic markers including fibronectin protein and ACTA2 mRNA and inhibited epithelial barrier leakage induced by type-2 inflammation via rescuing expression of zonula occludens-1 protein. Furthermore, GPR120 stimulation prevented the cytokine-induced airway epithelial remodeling via suppression of STAT6 and Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GPR120 activation alleviates allergic inflammation and remodeling of airway epithelium partly through inhibition of STAT6 and Akt. GPR120 may represent a novel therapeutic target for diseases associated with remodeling of airway epithelium, including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Chantapol Yimnual
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Rattikarn Noitem
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand; Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Dinsuwannakol
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Sontikun
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Suchada Kaewin
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Worakajit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand; Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virawudh Soontornniyomkij
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand.
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Patchen BK, Balte P, Bartz TM, Barr RG, Fornage M, Graff M, Jacobs DR, Kalhan R, Lemaitre RN, O'Connor G, Psaty B, Seo J, Tsai MY, Wood AC, Xu H, Zhang J, Gharib SA, Manichaikul A, North K, Steffen LM, Dupuis J, Oelsner E, Hancock DB, Cassano PA. Investigating Associations of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Lung Function Decline, and Airway Obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:846-857. [PMID: 37470492 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0074oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Inflammation contributes to lung function decline and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have antiinflammatory properties and may benefit lung health. Objectives: To investigate associations of omega-3 fatty acids with lung function decline and incident airway obstruction in a diverse sample of adults from general-population cohorts. Methods: Complementary study designs: 1) longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and repeated FEV1 and FVC measures in the NHLBI Pooled Cohorts Study and 2) two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids and lung function parameters. Measurements and Main Results: The longitudinal study found that higher omega-3 fatty acid levels were associated with attenuated lung function decline in 15,063 participants, with the largest effect sizes for the most metabolically downstream omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). An increase in DHA of 1% of total fatty acids was associated with attenuations of 1.4 ml/yr for FEV1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.8) and 2.0 ml/yr for FVC (95% CI, 1.6-2.4) and a 7% lower incidence of spirometry-defined airway obstruction (95% CI, 0.89-0.97). DHA associations persisted across sexes and smoking histories and in Black, White, and Hispanic participants, with associations of the largest magnitude in former smokers and Hispanic participants. The MR study showed similar trends toward positive associations of genetically predicted downstream omega-3 fatty acids with FEV1 and FVC. Conclusions: The longitudinal and MR studies provide evidence supporting beneficial effects of higher levels of downstream omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, on lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie K Patchen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Pallavi Balte
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Departments of Medicine and Preventative Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health
| | - George O'Connor
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health
| | - Jungkyun Seo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alexis C Wood
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kari North
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Josée Dupuis
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Dana B Hancock
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Patricia A Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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McGill AR, Markoutsa E, Mayilsamy K, Green R, Sivakumar K, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS. Acetate-encapsulated Linolenic Acid Liposomes Reduce SARS-CoV-2 and RSV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1429. [PMID: 37515117 PMCID: PMC10385125 DOI: 10.3390/v15071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent Coronaviridae viruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) in 2019, have caused millions of deaths. These viruses have added to the existing respiratory infection burden along with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. There are limited therapies for respiratory viruses, with broad-spectrum treatment remaining an unmet need. Since gut fermentation of fiber produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with antiviral potential, developing a fatty acid-based broad-spectrum antiviral was investigated. Molecular docking of fatty acids showed α-linolenic acid (ALA) is likely to interact with CoV-2-S, NL63-CoV-S, and RSV-F, and an ALA-containing liposome interacted with CoV-2 directly, degrading the particle. Furthermore, a combination of ALA and a SCFA-acetate synergistically inhibited CoV2-N expression and significantly reduced viral plaque formation and IL-6 and IL-1β transcript expression in Calu-3 cells, while increasing the expression of IFN-β. A similar effect was also observed in RSV-infected A549 cells. Moreover, mice infected with a murine-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) and treated with an ALA-liposome encapsulating acetate showed significant reductions in plaque-forming units present in lung tissue and in infection-associated lung inflammation and cytokines. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ALA liposome-encapsulating acetate can be a promising broad antiviral therapy against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R McGill
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ryan Green
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kavya Sivakumar
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Shi L, Dai X, Yan F, Lin Y, Lin L, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Chen X. Novel lipidomes profile and clinical phenotype identified in pneumoconiosis patients. J Health Popul Nutr 2023; 42:55. [PMID: 37322561 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational lung diseases caused by the inhalation of mineral dust in the lungs, leading to lung dysfunction. Patients with pneumoconiosis are usually accompanied by weight loss, which suggests a lipid metabolism disorder. Recent progress in lipidomics uncovered detailed lipid profiles that play important roles in respiratory diseases, such as asthma, lung cancer and lung injury. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the different expression of lipidome between pneumoconiosis and healthy, hoping to bring new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis. METHODOLOGY This non-matching case-control study was performed among 96 subjects (48 outpatients with male pneumoconiosis and 48 healthy volunteers), data of clinical phenotypes were recorded, and plasma biochemistry (lipidomic profiles) was tested for both pneumoconiosis patients and healthy controls. A total of 426 species in 11 lipid classes were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ-MS) for the cases and controls. We also analyzed the correlation of lipid profiles with clinical phenomes from pneumoconiosis patients by expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) model to evaluate trans-nodules between lipidomic profiles and clinical phenomes. All visually re-checked data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools (t-test or one-way ANOVA test) on SPSS. RESULTS Compared with healthy people, 26 significantly increased (> 1.5-fold) and 30 decreased lipid elements (< 2/threefold) in patients with pneumoconiosis were identified (P values all < 0.05). The majority of those elevated lipid elements were phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and the minority were free fatty acids (FFAs), while phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) declined in pneumoconiosis. Clinical trans-omics analyses demonstrated that phenomes in pneumoconiosis connections with multiple lipids, which showed that pH, lung function, mediastinal lymph node calcification, and complication were highly correlated with lipid elements. Furthermore, up-regulated PE was corresponded to pH, smoking history and mediastinal lymph node calcification. PC was corresponded to dust exposure history, BMI and mediastinal lymph node calcification. CONCLUSION We found altered lipid panels between male pneumoconiosis patients and healthy people by qualitatively and quantitatively measured plasma lipidomic profiles. The trans-omic analysis between clinical phenomes and lipidomes might have the potential to uncover the heterogeneity of lipid metabolism of pneumoconiosis patients and to screen out clinically significant phenome-based lipid panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yujun Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lianshun Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yongquan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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Sveiven SN, Anesko K, Morgan J, Nair MG, Nordgren TM. Lipid-Sensing Receptor FFAR4 Modulates Pulmonary Epithelial Homeostasis following Immunogenic Exposures Independently of the FFAR4 Ligand Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087072. [PMID: 37108233 PMCID: PMC10138935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of pulmonary free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) is not fully elucidated and we aimed to clarify the impact of FFAR4 on the pulmonary immune response and return to homeostasis. We employed a known high-risk human pulmonary immunogenic exposure to extracts of dust from swine confinement facilities (DE). WT and Ffar4-null mice were repetitively exposed to DE via intranasal instillation and supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by oral gavage. We sought to understand if previous findings of DHA-mediated attenuation of the DE-induced inflammatory response are FFAR4-dependent. We identified that DHA mediates anti-inflammatory effects independent of FFAR4 expression, and that DE-exposed mice lacking FFAR4 had reduced immune cells in the airways, epithelial dysplasia, and impaired pulmonary barrier integrity. Analysis of transcripts using an immunology gene expression panel revealed a role for FFAR4 in lungs related to innate immune initiation of inflammation, cytoprotection, and immune cell migration. Ultimately, the presence of FFAR4 in the lung may regulate cell survival and repair following immune injury, suggestive of potential therapeutic directions for pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kyle Anesko
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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9
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Patchen BK, Balte P, Bartz TM, Barr RG, Fornage M, Graff M, Jacobs DR, Kalhan R, Lemaitre RN, O'Connor G, Psaty B, Seo J, Tsai MY, Wood AC, Xu H, Zhang J, Gharib SA, Manichaikul A, North K, Steffen LM, Dupuis J, Oelsner E, Hancock DB, Cassano PA. Investigating associations of omega-3 fatty acids, lung function decline, and airway obstruction. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.18.23284671. [PMID: 36711663 PMCID: PMC9882557 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.23284671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Inflammation contributes to lung function decline and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit lung health. Objectives Investigate associations of omega-3 fatty acids with lung function decline and incident airway obstruction in adults of diverse races/ethnicities from general population cohorts. Methods Complementary study designs: (1) longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and repeated FEV 1 and FVC measures in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pooled Cohorts Study, and (2) two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids and lung function parameters. Measurements and Main Results The longitudinal study found that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations were associated with attenuated lung function decline in 15,063 participants, with the largest effect sizes for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). One standard deviation higher DHA was associated with an attenuation of 1.8 mL/year for FEV 1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-2.2) and 2.4 mL/year for FVC (95% CI 1.9-3.0). One standard deviation higher DHA was also associated with a 9% lower incidence of spirometry-defined airway obstruction (95% CI 0.86-0.97). DHA associations persisted across sexes, smoking histories, and Black, white and Hispanic participants, with the largest magnitude associations in former smokers and Hispanics. The MR study showed positive associations of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids with FEV 1 and FVC, with statistically significant findings across multiple MR methods. Conclusions The longitudinal and MR studies provide evidence supporting beneficial effects of higher circulating omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, on lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie K Patchen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Palavi Balte
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David R Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jungkyun Seo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Elizabeth Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | | | - Patricia A Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Son SE, Koh JM, Im DS. Activation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFA4) Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma by Suppressing Activation of Dendritic and Mast Cells in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5270. [PMID: 35563671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces the incidence of allergic airway diseases and improves pulmonary function in patients with allergic asthma. However, the pharmacological targets of PUFA have not been elucidated upon. We investigated whether free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) is a molecular target for beneficial PUFA in asthma therapy. In an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model, compound A (a selective agonist of FFA4) was administrated before OVA sensitization or OVA challenge in FFA4 wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice. Compound A treatment of RBL-2H3 cells suppressed mast cell degranulation in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of compound A suppressed in vivo allergic characteristics in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs, such as inflammatory cytokine levels and eosinophil accumulation in BALF, inflammation and mucin secretion in the lungs. Compound A-induced suppression was not only observed in mice treated with compound A before OVA challenge, but in mice treated before OVA sensitization as well, implying that compound A acts on mast cells as well as dendritic cells. Furthermore, this suppression by compound A was only observed in FFA4-WT mice and was absent in FFA4-KO mice, implying that compound A action is mediated through FFA4. Activation of FFA4 may be a therapeutic target of PUFA in allergic asthma by suppressing the activation of dendritic cells and mast cells, suggesting that highly potent specific agonists of FFA4 could be a novel therapy for allergic asthma.
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11
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Son SE, Koh JM, Im DS. Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (FFA4) Activation Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4482. [PMID: 35562873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been used as an adjunct therapy for psoriasis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4 or GPR120) is a receptor-sensing n-3 PUFA. In the present study, we examined whether FFA4 acted as a therapeutic target for n-3 PUFA in psoriasis therapy. Experimentally, psoriasis-like skin lesions were induced by treatment with imiquimod for 6 consecutive days. A selective FFA4 agonist, Compound A (30 mg/kg), was used in FFA4 WT and FFA4 KO mice. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions, which present as erythematous papules and plaques with silver scaling, as well as markedly elevated IL-17/IL-23 cytokine levels in skin tissues, were significantly suppressed by Compound A in FFA4 WT mice, but not in FFA4 KO mice. Enlarged lymph nodes and spleens, as well as imiquimod-induced, elevated IL-17/IL-23 cytokine levels, were also strongly suppressed by Compound A in FFA4 WT mice, but not in FFA4 KO mice. Imiquimod-induced increases in the CD4+IL-17A+ T cell population in lymph nodes and spleens were suppressed by Compound A treatment in FFA4 WT mice; however, this was not seen in FFA4 KO mice. Furthermore, compound A suppressed the differentiation of CD4+ naïve T cells from splenocytes into TH17 cells in an FFA4-dependent manner. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the activation of FFA4 ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis, and the suppression of the differentiation of TH17 cells may partly contribute to its efficacy. Therefore, we suggest that FFA4 could be a therapeutic target for psoriasis therapy.
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Abstract
The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased over the last few decades, and one of the major contributors to this is lifestyle, especially diet. High intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of dietary fiber is linked to an increase in NCDs. Conversely, a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of dietary fiber seem to have a protective effect on general health. Several mechanisms have been identified that underlie this phenomenon. In this review, we focus on pharmacological receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors, which can be activated by nutritional components and their metabolites. Depending on the nutritional component and the receptors involved, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects occur, leading to an altered immune response. These insights may provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of NCDs and their inherent (sub)chronic inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the reported effects of nutritional components and their metabolites on the immune system through manipulation of specific (pharmacological) receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors. Nutritional components, such as vitamins, fibers, and unsaturated fatty acids are able to resolve inflammation, whereas saturated fatty acids tend to exhibit proinflammatory effects. This may aid decision makers and scientists in developing strategies to decrease the incidence of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T van Daal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
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13
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Prihandoko R, Kaur D, Wiegman CH, Alvarez-Curto E, Donovan C, Chachi L, Ulven T, Tyas MR, Euston E, Dong Z, Alharbi AGM, Kim RY, Lowe JG, Hansbro PM, Chung KF, Brightling CE, Milligan G, Tobin AB. Pathophysiological regulation of lung function by the free fatty acid receptor FFA4. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/557/eaaw9009. [PMID: 32817367 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw9009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased prevalence of inflammatory airway diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) together with inadequate disease control by current frontline treatments means that there is a need to define therapeutic targets for these conditions. Here, we investigate a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, FFA4, that responds to free circulating fatty acids including dietary omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils. We show that FFA4, although usually associated with metabolic responses linked with food intake, is expressed in the lung where it is coupled to Gq/11 signaling. Activation of FFA4 by drug-like agonists produced relaxation of murine airway smooth muscle mediated at least in part by the release of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that subsequently acts on EP2 prostanoid receptors. In normal mice, activation of FFA4 resulted in a decrease in lung resistance. In acute and chronic ozone models of pollution-mediated inflammation and house dust mite and cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory disease, FFA4 agonists acted to reduce airway resistance, a response that was absent in mice lacking expression of FFA4. The expression profile of FFA4 in human lung was similar to that observed in mice, and the response to FFA4/FFA1 agonists similarly mediated human airway smooth muscle relaxation ex vivo. Our study provides evidence that pharmacological targeting of lung FFA4, and possibly combined activation of FFA4 and FFA1, has in vivo efficacy and might have therapeutic value in the treatment of bronchoconstriction associated with inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Prihandoko
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Davinder Kaur
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, LE3 9QP, Leicester, UK
| | - Coen H Wiegman
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Elisa Alvarez-Curto
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305 and The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2208, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Latifa Chachi
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, LE3 9QP, Leicester, UK
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martha R Tyas
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Eloise Euston
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhaoyang Dong
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Abdulrahman Ghali M Alharbi
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305 and The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2208, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jack G Lowe
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305 and The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2208, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, LE3 9QP, Leicester, UK.
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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14
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Grundmann M, Bender E, Schamberger J, Eitner F. Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors and Their Allosteric Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041763. [PMID: 33578942 PMCID: PMC7916689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of free fatty acids (FFAs) has long been regarded as indirect in terms of their activities as educts and products in metabolic pathways. The observation that FFAs can also act as signaling molecules at FFA receptors (FFARs), a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), has changed the understanding of the interplay of metabolites and host responses. Free fatty acids of different chain lengths and saturation statuses activate FFARs as endogenous agonists via binding at the orthosteric receptor site. After FFAR deorphanization, researchers from the pharmaceutical industry as well as academia have identified several ligands targeting allosteric sites of FFARs with the aim of developing drugs to treat various diseases such as metabolic, (auto)inflammatory, infectious, endocrinological, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. GPCRs are the largest group of transmembrane proteins and constitute the most successful drug targets in medical history. To leverage the rich biology of this target class, the drug industry seeks alternative approaches to address GPCR signaling. Allosteric GPCR ligands are recognized as attractive modalities because of their auspicious pharmacological profiles compared to orthosteric ligands. While the majority of marketed GPCR drugs interact exclusively with the orthosteric binding site, allosteric mechanisms in GPCR biology stay medically underexploited, with only several allosteric ligands currently approved. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biology of FFAR1 (GPR40), FFAR2 (GPR43), FFAR3 (GPR41), FFAR4 (GPR120), and GPR84, including structural aspects of FFAR1, and discusses the molecular pharmacology of FFAR allosteric ligands as well as the opportunities and challenges in research from the perspective of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Grundmann
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eckhard Bender
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jens Schamberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Frank Eitner
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany;
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15
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Son SE, Park SJ, Koh JM, Im DS. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) activation ameliorates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by increasing regulatory T cells in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1337-1347. [PMID: 32555509 PMCID: PMC7609340 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High dose intake of docosahexaenoic acid showed beneficial effects on atopic dermatitis in patients and was found to increase regulatory T cells in mice, but its molecular target has not been identified. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) is a receptor sensing polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid. In the present study, we examined whether FFA4 acted as a therapeutic target of docosahexaenoic acid for treating atopic dermatitis. Experimental atopic dermatitis was induced in mice by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization on day 0, followed by repeated DNCB challenges from D7 to D48. The mice were treated with a selective agonist compound A (30 mg· kg−1· d−1, ip) from D19 to D48, and sacrificed on D49. We found that DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, i.e. hypertrophy and mast cell infiltration in skin tissues, as well as markedly elevated serum IgE levels. Administration of compound A significantly suppressed the atopic responses in ears and lymph nodes, such as hypertrophy and mast cell infiltration in the ears, enlarged sizes of lymph nodes, and elevated serum IgE and levels of cytokines IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ in ear tissue. The therapeutic effects of compound A were abolished by FFA4 knockout. Similarly, increased CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population in lymph nodes was observed in wide-type mice treated with compound A, but not seen in FFA4-deficient mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that activation of FFA4 ameliorates atopic dermatitis by increasing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, suggesting FFA4 as a therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis.
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16
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Milligan G, Alvarez-Curto E, Hudson BD, Prihandoko R, Tobin AB. FFA4/GPR120: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:809-821. [PMID: 28734639 PMCID: PMC5582618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Free Fatty Acid receptor 4 (FFA4), also known as GPR120, is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) responsive to long-chain fatty acids that is attracting considerable attention as a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although no clinical studies have yet been initiated to assess efficacy in this indication, a significant number of primary publications and patents have highlighted the ability of agonists with potency at FFA4 to improve glucose disposition and enhance insulin sensitivity in animal models. However, the distribution pattern of the receptor suggests that targeting FFA4 may also be useful in other conditions, ranging from cancer to lung function. Here, we discuss and contextualise the basis for these ideas and the results to support these conclusions. Substantial focus on the therapeutic potential of FFA4/GPR120 is currently directed towards type 2 diabetes. Progress in the identification and characterisation of FFA4/GPR120 agonist ligands is apparent in both the primary scientific and patent literatures. In models of glucose handling, FFA4/GPR120 agonists appear highly effective. Recent indications provide support for consideration of FFA4/GPR120 ligands in areas of cancer treatment. High levels of expression of FFA4/GPR120 in the lung suggest utility in analysis of the potential therapeutic roles of FFA4/GPR120 ligands in both acute and chronic airway inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Elisa Alvarez-Curto
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rudi Prihandoko
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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