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Hansra GK, Jayasena T, Hosoki S, Poljak A, Lam BCP, Rust R, Sagare A, Zlokovic B, Thalamuthu A, Sachdev PS. Fluid biomarkers of the neurovascular unit in cerebrovascular disease and vascular cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav 2024; 6:100216. [PMID: 38510579 PMCID: PMC10951911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which maintains the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), has been identified as a critical mechanism in the development of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking NVU dysfunction to the disorders is incomplete, and reliable blood biomarkers to measure NVU dysfunction are yet to be established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify biomarkers associated with BBB dysfunction in large vessel disease, small vessel disease (SVD) and vascular cognitive disorders (VCD). Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and PsychINFO to identify blood biomarkers related to dysfunction of the NVU in disorders with vascular pathologies published until 20 November 2023. Studies that assayed one or more specific markers in human serum or plasma were included. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Effects were pooled and methodological heterogeneity examined using the random effects model. Results A total of 112 studies were included in this review. Where study numbers allowed, biomarkers were analysed using random effect meta-analysis for VCD (1 biomarker; 5 studies) and cerebrovascular disorders, including stroke and SVD (9 biomarkers; 29 studies) while all remaining biomarkers (n = 17 biomarkers; 78 studies) were examined through qualitative analysis. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotient (Q-Alb) reliably differentiates VCD patients from healthy controls (MD = 2.77; 95 % CI = 1.97-3.57; p < 0.0001) while commonly measured biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (VEGF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, vWF and E-selectin) and neuronal injury (NfL) were significantly elevated in vascular pathologies. A qualitative assessment of non-meta-analysed biomarkers revealed NSE, NfL, vWF, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, lipocalin-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels to be upregulated in VCD, although these findings were not consistently replicated. Conclusions This review identifies several promising biomarkers of NVU dysfunction which require further validation. A panel of biomarkers representing multiple pathophysiological pathways may offer greater discriminative power in distinguishing possible disease mechanisms of VCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Hansra
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Satoshi Hosoki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Chun Pan Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abhay Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Banerjee S, Banerjee S. Amyloid Beta-Mediated Neurovascular Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:355-372. [PMID: 38427250 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The brain vascular system receives one-fifth of the total oxygen from the cardiac output, and this transport system is highly dependent on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. The cerebral blood flow is controlled by neurovascular coupling through neurovascular units (NVUs). The NVU includes different types of cells, such as mural cells, astrocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The cellular composition of NVU varies throughout the vascular tree. Amyloid β (Aβ) is abundantly present in the central nervous system, but the pathological accumulation of misfolded Aβ protein causes vascular damage, resulting in neurovascular dysfunction. Aβ aggregation can activate the astrocytes and endothelial cells. It is followed by pericyte degeneration which results in dysregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), neurovascular uncoupling, and BBB breakdown. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Aβ-induced neurovascular toxicity is crucial for determining normal and diseased brain function. This chapter discusses the components of NVU, neurovascular uncoupling, Aβ-induced cerebrovascular reactivity, and cerebral blood flow reduction in neurodegenerative disorders, with special emphasis on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Badji A, Youwakim J, Cooper A, Westman E, Marseglia A. Vascular cognitive impairment - Past, present, and future challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102042. [PMID: 37634888 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a lifelong process encompassing a broad spectrum of cognitive disorders, ranging from subtle or mild deficits to prodromal and fully developed dementia, originating from cerebrovascular lesions such as large and small vessel disease. Genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyles, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders will synergistically interact, yielding biochemical and structural brain changes, ultimately culminating in VCI. However, little is known about the pathological processes underlying VCI and the temporal dynamics between risk factors and disease mechanisms (biochemical and structural brain changes). This narrative review aims to provide an evidence-based summary of the link between individual vascular risk/disorders and cognitive dysfunction and the potential structural and biochemical pathophysiological processes. We also discuss some key challenges for future research on VCI. There is a need to shift from individual risk factors/disorders to comorbid vascular burden, identifying and integrating imaging and fluid biomarkers, implementing a life-course approach, considering possible neuroprotective influences of positive life exposures, and addressing biological sex at birth and gender differences. Finally, this review highlights the need for future researchers to leverage and integrate multidimensional data to advance our understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiology of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Badji
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Youwakim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur la Signalisation Neuronal et la Circuiterie (SNC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Cooper
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Marseglia
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mokhtari T, Shayan M, Rezaei Rashnudi A, Hassanzadeh G, Mehran Nia K. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells attenuate global hypoxia-induced learning and memory impairment via preventing blood-brain barrier breakdown. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2023; 26:1053-1060. [PMID: 37605722 PMCID: PMC10440140 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70137.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may improve the function and structure of blood-brain barrier (BBB), possibly by preserving the BBB integrity. This study examined the impact of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-MSCs on cognitive dysfunction and BBB disruption following a protracted hypoxic state. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly studied in four groups: Control (Co): Healthy animals, Sham (Sh): Rats were placed in the cage without hypoxia induction and with ICV injection of vehicle, Hypoxic (Hx)+vehicle: Hypoxic rats with ICV injection of vehicle (5 μl of PBS), and Hx+MSCs: Hypoxic rats with ICV injection of MSCs. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated one week after WJ-MSCs injection, and then animals were sacrificed for molecular research. Results Hypoxia increased latency and lowered the time and distance required reaching the target quarter, according to the findings. Furthermore, hypoxic rats had lower gene expression and protein levels of hippocampus vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, claudin 5, and tricellulin gene expression than Co and Sh animals (P<0.05). Finally, administering WJ-MSCs after long-term hypoxia effectively reversed the cognitive deficits and prevented the BBB breakdown via the upregulation of VE-cadherin, claudin 5, and tricellulin genes (P<0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that prolonged hypoxia induces spatial learning and memory dysfunction and increases BBB disruption, the potential mechanism of which might be via reducing VE-cadherin, claudin 5, and tricellulin genes. Hence, appropriate treatment with WJ-MSCs could reverse ischemia adverse effects and protect the BBB integrity following prolonged hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maryam Shayan
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Mehran Nia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hong CT, Chan L, Chen KY, Lee HH, Huang LK, Yang YCSH, Liu YR, Hu CJ. Rifaximin Modifies Gut Microbiota and Attenuates Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Cells 2022; 11:3468. [PMID: 36359864 PMCID: PMC9656351 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit distinct gut microbiota, which may promote gut-derived inflammation. Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that can modify gut microbiota. The present study investigated the effect of rifaximin on gut microbiota and inflammation status in PD. The study examined the effect of long-term rifaximin treatment on in vivo transgenic PD mice (MitoPark) and short-term rifaximin treatment on patients with PD. Rifaximin treatment caused a significant change in gut microbiota in the transgenic PD mice; in particular, it reduced the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-001 and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Muribaculum, and Lachnospiraceae UCG-001. Rifaximin treatment attenuated serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, claudin-5 and occludin, which indicated the reduction of systemic inflammation and the protection of the blood-brain barrier integrity. The rifaximin-treated MitoPark mice exhibited better motor and memory performance than did the control mice, with lower microglial activation and increased neuronal survival in the hippocampus. In the patients with PD, 7-day rifaximin treatment caused an increase in the relative abundance of Flavonifractor 6 months after treatment, and the change in plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels was negatively associated with the baseline plasma interleukin-1α level. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that rifaximin exerted a neuroprotective effect on the transgenic PD mice by modulating gut microbiota. We observed that patients with higher baseline inflammation possibly benefited from rifaximin treatment. With consideration for the tolerability and safety of rifaximin, randomized controlled trials should investigate the disease-modification effect of long-term treatment on select patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Misan N, Michalak S, Kapska K, Osztynowicz K, Ropacka-Lesiak M. Blood-Brain Barrier Disintegration in Growth-Restricted Fetuses with Brain Sparing Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012349. [PMID: 36293204 PMCID: PMC9604432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier adhere closely, which is provided by tight junctions (TJs). The aim of the study was to assess the damage to the endothelial TJs in pregnancy, complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) and circulatory centralization (brain-sparing effect, BS). The serum concentrations of NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR1), nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NME1), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), occludin (OCLN), claudin-5 (CLN5), and zonula occludens protein – 1 (zo-1), and the placental expressions of OCLN, claudin-4 (CLN4), CLN5, and zo-1 were assessed with ELISA. The significantly higher serum NME1 concentrations and the serum CLN5/zo-1 index were observed in FGR pregnancy with BS, as compared to the FGR group without BS. The FGR newborns with BS were about 20 times more likely to develop an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) than the FGR infants without BS. The cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) allowed to predict the IVH in growth-restricted fetuses. The significantly lower placental CLN4 expression was observed in the FGR group with BS and who postnatally developed an IVH, as compared to the growth-restricted infants with BS without IVH signs. Pregnancy complicated by FGR and BS is associated with the destabilization of the fetal blood-brain barrier. The IVH in newborns is reflected in the inhibition of the placental CLN4 expression, which may be a useful marker in the prediction of an IVH among growth-restricted fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Misan
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Sławomir Michalak
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Chair of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kapska
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krystyna Osztynowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Chair of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariola Ropacka-Lesiak
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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Guo J, Chen X, Lin Z, Jin L, Hou Z, Dong W, Zhang Y. Tight junction disruption through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathways in the skin contributes to blister fluid formation after severe tibial plateau fracture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:946261. [PMID: 36032734 PMCID: PMC9403793 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.946261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an orthopedic emergency that commonly occurs after severe tibial plateau fracture. Fracture blisters form on the skin, and it was found in our previous study that when blisters form, the compartment pressure significantly decreases. However, the potential mechanism underlying this pressure decrease has not yet been elucidated. Methods: To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the changes that occur after blister formation on the skin, the changes in tight junction expression in the skin after tibial plateau fracture were observed. Blister samples and normal skin were collected from patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with or without blisters. The epidermis thickness was measured, and the difference in the levels of K1, K5, K10, and skin barrier proteins such as claudin 1, claudin 2, and occludin between the two groups was evaluated by immunochemistry analysis, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and qPCR. Results: The skin was thinner and the levels of K1, K5, and K10 were significantly decreased in blistered skin. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT pathway was found to be activated, and the tight junction expression was significantly decreased in blistered skin. This indicates that the paracellular pathway, which is essential for accelerating fluid accumulation in blisters and indirectly decreases compartment pressure, was activated. Conclusion: Changes in the tight junction expression after blister formation may underlie blister fluid formation and indirectly explain the decrease in compartment pressure under blistered skin after severe tibial plateau fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Guo
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Hou, ; Yingze Zhang,
| | - Weichong Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopeadic Equipment (The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University), Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Hou, ; Yingze Zhang,
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Parnova RG. Critical Role of Endothelial Lysophosphatidylcholine Transporter Mfsd2a in Maintaining Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Delivering Omega 3 PUFA to the Brain. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yan J, Xu W, Lenahan C, Huang L, Ocak U, Wen J, Li G, He W, Le C, Zhang JH, Mo L, Tang J. Met-RANTES preserves the blood–brain barrier through inhibiting CCR1/SRC/Rac1 pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:7. [PMID: 35062973 PMCID: PMC8781527 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C–C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) and its endogenous ligand, CCL5, participate in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases. However, much remains unknown regarding CCL5/CCR1 signaling in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods A total of 250 CD1 male mice were used and ICH was induced via autologous whole blood injection. Either Met-RANTES, a selective CCR1 antagonist, or Met-RANTES combined with a Rac1 CRISPR activator was administered to the mice 1 h after ICH. Post-ICH assessments included neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, BBB integrity, hematoma volume, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The CCR1 ligand, rCCL5, and SRC CRISPR knockout in naïve mice were used to further elucidate detrimental CCL5/CCR1/SRC signaling. Results Brain endogenous CCR1 and CCL5 were upregulated after ICH in mice with a peak at 24 h, and CCR1 was expressed in endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons. Met-R treatment reduced brain edema and neurobehavioral impairment, as well as preserved BBB integrity and tight junction protein expression in ICH mice. Met-R treatment decreased expression of p-SRC, Rac1, albumin, and MMP9, but increased claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 tight junction proteins after ICH. These effects were regressed using the Rac1 CRISPR activator. Administration of rCCL5 in naïve mice increased expression of p-SRC, Rac1, albumin, and MMP9, but decreased levels of claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 tight junction proteins. These effects in naïve mice were reversed with SRC CRISPR (KO). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that CCR5 inhibition by Met-R improves neurological deficits after ICH by preserving BBB integrity through inhibiting CCR1/SRC/Rac1 signaling pathway in mice. Thus, Met-R has therapeutic potential in the management of ICH patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00305-3.
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Li Z, Zhang J, Halbgebauer S, Chandrasekar A, Rehman R, Ludolph A, Boeckers T, Huber-Lang M, Otto M, Roselli F, Heuvel FO. Differential effect of ethanol intoxication on peripheral markers of cerebral injury in murine blunt traumatic brain injury. Burns Trauma 2021; 9:tkab027. [PMID: 34604393 PMCID: PMC8484207 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood-based biomarkers have proven to be a reliable measure of the severity and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both murine models and patients. In particular, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament light (NFL) and S100 beta (S100B) have been investigated in the clinical setting post-injury. Ethanol intoxication (EI) remains a significant comorbidity in TBI, with 30–40% of patients having a positive blood alcohol concentration post-TBI. The effect of ethanol on blood-based biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of TBI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of EI on NSE, NFL and S100B and their correlation with blood–brain barrier integrity in a murine model of TBI. Methods We used ultra-sensitive single-molecule array technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods to measure NFL, NSE, S100B and claudin-5 concentrations in plasma 3 hours post-TBI. Results We showed that NFL, NSE and S100B were increased at 3 hours post-TBI. Interestingly, ethanol blood concentrations showed an inverse correlation with NSE but not with NFL or S100B. Claudin-5 levels were increased post-injury but no difference was detected compared to ethanol pretreatment. The increase in claudin-5 post-TBI was correlated with NFL but not with NSE or S100B. Conclusions Ethanol induces an effect on biomarker release in the bloodstream that is different from TBI not influenced by alcohol. This could be the basis of investigations into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Li
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Akila Chandrasekar
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rida Rehman
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeckers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital, ZBMF - Helmhotzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Olde Heuvel
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Andersson EA, Rocha-Ferreira E, Hagberg H, Mallard C, Ek CJ. Function and Biomarkers of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Neonatal Germinal Matrix Haemorrhage Model. Cells 2021; 10:1677. [PMID: 34359845 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinal matrix haemorrhage (GMH), caused by rupturing blood vessels in the germinal matrix, is a prevalent driver of preterm brain injuries and death. Our group recently developed a model simulating GMH using intrastriatal injections of collagenase in 5-day-old rats, which corresponds to the brain development of human preterm infants. This study aimed to define changes to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to evaluate BBB proteins as biomarkers in this GMH model. Regional BBB functions were investigated using blood to brain 14C-sucrose uptake as well as using biotinylated BBB tracers. Blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluids were collected at various times after GMH and analysed with ELISA for OCLN and CLDN5. The immunoreactivity of BBB proteins was assessed in brain sections. Tracer experiments showed that GMH produced a defined region surrounding the hematoma where many vessels lost their integrity. This region expanded for at least 6 h following GMH, thereafter resolution of both hematoma and re-establishment of BBB function occurred. The sucrose experiment indicated that regions somewhat more distant to the hematoma also exhibited BBB dysfunction; however, BBB function was normalised within 5 days of GMH. This shows that GMH leads to a temporal dysfunction in the BBB that may be important in pathological processes as well as in connection to therapeutic interventions. We detected an increase of tight-junction proteins in both CSF and plasma after GMH making them potential biomarkers for GMH.
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12
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Kawoos U, Abutarboush R, Gu M, Chen Y, Statz JK, Goodrich SY, Ahlers ST. Blast-induced temporal alterations in blood-brain barrier properties in a rodent model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5906. [PMID: 33723300 PMCID: PMC7971015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and components of the neurovascular unit are an area of active research. In this study we assessed the time course of BBB integrity in anesthetized rats exposed to a single blast overpressure of 130 kPa (18.9 PSI). BBB permeability was measured in vivo via intravital microscopy by imaging extravasation of fluorescently labeled tracers (40 kDa and 70 kDa molecular weight) through the pial microvasculature into brain parenchyma at 2–3 h, 1, 3, 14, or 28 days after the blast exposure. BBB structural changes were assessed by immunostaining and molecular assays. At 2–3 h and 1 day after blast exposure, significant increases in the extravasation of the 40 kDa but not the 70 kDa tracers were observed, along with differential reductions in the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-5, zona occluden-1) and increase in the levels of the astrocytic water channel protein, AQP-4, and matrix metalloprotease, MMP-9. Nearly all of these measures were normalized by day 3 and maintained up to 28 days post exposure. These data demonstrate that blast-induced changes in BBB permeability are closely coupled to structural and functional components of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usmah Kawoos
- Neurotrauma Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA. .,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Neurotrauma Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming Gu
- Neurotrauma Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Neurotrauma Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan K Statz
- Neurotrauma Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Y Goodrich
- Neurotrauma Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen T Ahlers
- Neurotrauma Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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13
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Jiang W, Sun Y, Wang H, Hu Z, Song J, Meng C, Duan S, Jiang Z, Yu Y, Hu D. HIF-1α Enhances Vascular Endothelial Cell Permeability Through Degradation and Translocation of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin and Claudin-5 in Rats With Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:258-268. [PMID: 32840299 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying burn injury-induced enhanced vascular endothelial permeability and consequent body fluid extravasation is unclear. Here, the rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were treated with the serum derived from rats with burn injury to elucidate the mechanism. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were grouped as follows (10 rats/group): control, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postburn groups. The heart, liver, kidney, lung, jejunum, and ileum of rats injected with 2% Evans blue (EB) through the tail vein were excised to detect the EB level in each organ. The serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of serum from 12-hour postburn group on the membrane permeability of RAEC monolayer, as well as on the mRNA and protein levels of ET-1, endothelin receptor A (ETA), ETB, and zonula occludens (ZO-1), was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The membrane permeability of GV230/HIF-1α-transfected or shRNA-HIF-1α-transfected RAECs, as well as the expression levels of HIF-1α, ET-1, ETA, ETB, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and claudin-5, was analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blotting, whereas the localization of VE-cadherin and claudin-5 was examined using immunofluorescence. The serum HIF-1α and ET-1 levels in the burn groups, which peaked at 12 hours postburn, were significantly upregulated (P < .01) when compared with those in the control group. Additionally, the serum HIF-1α levels were positively correlated with vascular permeability. Compared with the shRNA-negative control-transfected RAECs, the shRNA-II/HIF-1α-transfected RAECs exhibited downregulated expression of HIF-1α, ET-1, ETA, and ETB (P < .01), and upregulated expression of ZO-1, claudin-5, and VE-cadherin (P < .05). Compared with the GV230-transfected RAECs, the GV230/HIF-1α-transfected RAECs exhibited upregulated expression of HIF-1α, ET-1, ETA, and ETB (P < .01), and downregulated expression of ZO-1, claudin-5, and VE-cadherin (P < .05). The GV230/HIF-1α-transfected RAECs exhibited degradation and translocation of VE-cadherin and claudin-5. In addition to degradation of VE-cadherin and claudin-5, HIF-1α mediated enhanced endothelial cell permeability through upregulation of ET-1, ETA, and ETB, and downregulation of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin in rats with burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Youjun Sun
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Zijian Hu
- 2018 Class of Clinical Medicine (No. 1813010207), The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junhui Song
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Chengying Meng
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Shengliang Duan
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Youxin Yu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Delin Hu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
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14
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Bahadar GA, Shah ZA. Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Diabetes Mellitus: Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Pathophysiology, and Cognitive Impairments. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:312-326. [PMID: 33622232 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210223145112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a surge in diabetes incidence with an estimated 463 million individuals been diagnosed worldwide. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major stroke-related comorbid condition that increases the susceptibility of disabling post-stroke outcomes. Although less common, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most dramatic subtype of stroke that is associated with higher mortality, particularly in DM population. Previous studies have focused mainly on the impact of DM on ischemic stroke. Few studies have focused on impact of DM on ICH and discussed the blood-brain barrier disruption, brain edema, and hematoma formation. However, more recently, investigating the role of oxidative damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in preclinical studies involving DM-ICH animal models has gained attention. But, little is known about the correlation between neuroinflammatory processes, glial cells activation, and peripheral immune cell invasion with DM-ICH injury. DM and ICH patients experience impaired abilities in multiple cognitive domains by relatively comparable mechanisms, which could get exacerbated in the setting of comorbidities. In this review, we discuss both the pathology of DM as a comorbid condition for ICH and the potential molecular therapeutic targets for the clinical management of the ICH and its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith A Bahadar
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614. United States
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614. United States
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15
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Pontifex MG, Malik MMAH, Connell E, Müller M, Vauzour D. Citrus Polyphenols in Brain Health and Disease: Current Perspectives. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640648. [PMID: 33679318 PMCID: PMC7933480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, citrus fruits represent a considerably rich source of non-essential bioactive compounds, in particular flavanones which form a sub-set of the flavonoid group. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of citrus flavonoids and have highlighted both the well-established (anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties), and newly emerging (influence upon blood-brain barrier function/integrity) mechanistic actions by which these neurological effects are mediated. Encouragingly, results from human studies, although limited in number, appear to support this preclinical basis, with improvements in cognitive performance and disease risk observed across healthy and disease states. Therefore, citrus fruits - both as whole fruit and 100% juices - should be encouraged within the diet for their potential neurological benefit. In addition, there should be further exploration of citrus polyphenols to establish therapeutic efficacy, particularly in the context of well-designed human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M A H Malik
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Connell
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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16
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Andersson EA, Mallard C, Ek CJ. Circulating tight-junction proteins are potential biomarkers for blood-brain barrier function in a model of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:7. [PMID: 33568200 PMCID: PMC7877092 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal encephalopathy often leads to lifelong disabilities with limited treatments currently available. The brain vasculature is an important factor in many neonatal neurological disorders but there is a lack of diagnostic tools to evaluate the brain vascular dysfunction of neonates in the clinical setting. Measurement of blood–brain barrier tight-junction (TJ) proteins have shown promise as biomarkers for brain injury in the adult. Here we tested the biomarker potential of tight-junctions in the context of neonatal brain injury. Methods The levels of TJ-proteins (occluding, claudin-5, and zonula occludens protein 1) in both blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as blood–brain barrier function via 14C-sucrose (342 Da) and Evans blue extravasation were measured in a hypoxia/ischemia brain-injury model in neonatal rats. Results Time-dependent changes of occludin and claudin-5 levels could be measured in blood and CSF after hypoxia/ischemia with males generally having higher levels than females. The levels of claudin-5 in CSF correlated with the severity of the brain injury at 24 h post- hypoxia/ischemia. Simultaneously, we detected early increase in blood–brain barrier-permeability at 6 and 24 h after hypoxia/ischemia. Conclusions Levels of circulating claudin-5 and occludin are increased after hypoxic/ischemic brain injuries and blood–brain barrier-impairment and have promise as early biomarkers for cerebral vascular dysfunction and as a tool for risk assessment of neonatal brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Axel Andersson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Joakim Ek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Chun J, Giovannoni G, Hunter SF. Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor Modulator Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: Differential Downstream Receptor Signalling and Clinical Profile Effects. Drugs 2021; 81:207-231. [PMID: 33289881 PMCID: PMC7932974 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are a class of bioactive lipid molecules that produce their effects through various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is perhaps the most studied lysophospholipid and has a role in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological events, via signalling through five distinct GPCR subtypes, S1PR1 to S1PR5. Previous and continuing investigation of the S1P pathway has led to the approval of three S1PR modulators, fingolimod, siponimod and ozanimod, as medicines for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as the identification of new S1PR modulators currently in clinical development, including ponesimod and etrasimod. S1PR modulators have complex effects on S1PRs, in some cases acting both as traditional agonists as well as agonists that produce functional antagonism. S1PR subtype specificity influences their downstream effects, including aspects of their benefit:risk profile. Some S1PR modulators are prodrugs, which require metabolic modification such as phosphorylation via sphingosine kinases, resulting in different pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, contrasting with others that are direct modulators of the receptors. The complex interplay of these characteristics dictates the clinical profile of S1PR modulators. This review focuses on the S1P pathway, the characteristics and S1PR binding profiles of S1PR modulators, the mechanisms of action of S1PR modulators with regard to immune cell trafficking and neuroprotection in MS, together with a summary of the clinical effectiveness of the S1PR modulators that are approved or in late-stage development for patients with MS. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator therapy for multiple sclerosis: differential downstream receptor signalling and clinical profile effects (MP4 65540 kb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Samuel F. Hunter
- Advanced Neurosciences Institute, 101 Forrest Crossing Blvd STE 103, Franklin, TN 37064 USA
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18
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Bernardo-Castro S, Sousa JA, Brás A, Cecília C, Rodrigues B, Almendra L, Machado C, Santo G, Silva F, Ferreira L, Santana I, Sargento-Freitas J. Pathophysiology of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Throughout the Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke and Its Implication on Hemorrhagic Transformation and Recovery. Front Neurol 2020; 11:594672. [PMID: 33362697 PMCID: PMC7756029 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.594672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface responsible for maintaining the central nervous system homeostasis. Its unique characteristics allow protecting the brain from unwanted compounds, but its impairment is involved in a vast number of pathological conditions. Disruption of the BBB and increase in its permeability are key in the development of several neurological diseases and have been extensively studied in stroke. Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent type of stroke and is characterized by a myriad of pathological events triggered by an arterial occlusion that can eventually lead to fatal outcomes such as hemorrhagic transformation (HT). BBB permeability seems to follow a multiphasic pattern throughout the different stroke stages that have been associated with distinct biological substrates. In the hyperacute stage, sudden hypoxia damages the BBB, leading to cytotoxic edema and increased permeability; in the acute stage, the neuroinflammatory response aggravates the BBB injury, leading to higher permeability and a consequent risk of HT that can be motivated by reperfusion therapy; in the subacute stage (1–3 weeks), repair mechanisms take place, especially neoangiogenesis. Immature vessels show leaky BBB, but this permeability has been associated with improved clinical recovery. In the chronic stage (>6 weeks), an increase of BBB restoration factors leads the barrier to start decreasing its permeability. Nonetheless, permeability will persist to some degree several weeks after injury. Understanding the mechanisms behind BBB dysregulation and HT pathophysiology could potentially help guide acute stroke care decisions and the development of new therapeutic targets; however, effective translation into clinical practice is still lacking. In this review, we will address the different pathological and physiological repair mechanisms involved in BBB permeability through the different stages of ischemic stroke and their role in the development of HT and stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João André Sousa
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Brás
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Cecília
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciano Almendra
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Machado
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Santo
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Silva
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Sargento-Freitas
- Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Ni J, Lü L, Chen H, Xu C, Cai W, Hong G, Zhao G, Lu Z. Plasma ZO-1 proteins predict the severity and outcome of sepsis: A prospective observational study. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:691-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Shi S, Cheng J, Zhang C, Liang T, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Li W, Wang B. Peripheral Blood Occludin Level as a Biomarker for Perioperative Cerebral Edema in Patients with Brain Tumors. Dis Markers 2020; 2020:8813535. [PMID: 32884584 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8813535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cerebral edema is a common complication of brain tumors in the perioperative period. However, there is currently no reliable and convenient method to evaluate the extent of brain edema. The objective is to explore the effectiveness of serum occludin on predicting the extent of perioperative brain edema and outcome in patients with brain tumors. Methods This prospective study enrolled 55 patients with brain tumors and 24 healthy controls in Sanbo Brain Hospital from June 2019 through November 2019. Serum occludin levels were measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. Peritumoral edema was assessed preoperatively using MRI. Pericavity brain edema on postoperative day 1 was evaluated using CT. Results Compared with healthy controls, the serum occludin level was higher in patients with brain tumors both preoperatively and postoperatively (P < 0.001). The serum occludin level correlated positively with the degree of brain edema preoperatively (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) and postoperatively (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). At an optimal cutoff of 3.015 ng/mL, the preoperative serum occludin level discriminated between mild and severe preoperative brain edema with a sensitivity of 90.48% and specificity of 84.62%. At an optimal cutoff value of 3.033 ng/mL, the postoperative serum occludin level distinguished between mild and severe postoperative brain edema with a sensitivity of 97.30% and specificity of 55.56%. Conclusions The serum occludin level is associated with cerebral edema and could potentially be used as a biomarker for perioperative cerebral edema. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900023742.
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21
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Chang L, Hu L, Wei C, Zhang H, Liu S. Chinese medicine Tongxinluo capsule protects against blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic stroke by inhibiting the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 pathway in mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105071. [PMID: 32807473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese medicine Tongxinluo capsule (TXL) has been extensively used to treat ischemic stroke in China, and one of its mechanisms is to protect against blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption after stroke. However, the underlying protective mechanisms are not fully illuminated. It is reported that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) is involved in BBB disruption after brain ischemia. In this study, we explored whether TXL could downregulate LRP-1 expression and subsequently protect against BBB disruption after stroke using permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice. METHODS The animal model of ischemic stroke was induced by pMCAO in male adult C57BL/6J mice. The mice were orally administered TXL (3.0 g/kg) at 1, 3 and 21 h after pMCAO. Meanwhile, the LRP-1 antagonist receptor associated protein (RAP) was intracerebroventricularly injected at 1 and 21 h after stroke. We measured the following parameters at 6 and 24 h: LRP-1 protein level, BBB leakage, and the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins including occludin, claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). RESULTS Our results showed that TXL downregulated LRP-1 level, upregulated these TJ proteins level, and reduced BBB leakage in peri-infarct regions after pMCAO. Further study found that the inhibitor RAP played the same role as did TXL in upregulating these TJ proteins level and reducing BBB leakage after stroke. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that TXL protects against BBB disruption after stroke via inhibiting the LRP-1 pathway.
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22
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Abdelhak A, Huss A, Brück A, Sebert U, Mayer B, Müller HP, Tumani H, Otto M, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J, Pinkhardt E, Neugebauer H. Optical coherence tomography-based assessment of retinal vascular pathology in cerebral small vessel disease. Neurol Res Pract 2020; 2:13. [PMID: 33324919 PMCID: PMC7650138 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a disorder of brain vasculature that causes various structural changes in the brain parenchyma, and is associated with various clinical symptoms such as cognitive impairment and gait disorders. Structural changes of brain arterioles cannot be visualized with routine imaging techniques in vivo. However, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is thought to be a “window to the brain”. Thus, retinal vessel parameters may correlate with CSVD characteristic brain lesions and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF) of the neuropathological processes in CSVD like endothelial damage, microglial activation and neuroaxonal damage. Methods We applied OCT-based assessment of retinal vessels, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CSF biomarker analysis in a monocentric prospective cohort of 24 patients with sporadic CSVD related stroke and cognitive impairment. MRI lesions were defined according to the STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE). Biomarkers were assessed using commercially available ELISA kits. Owing to the unavailability of an age-matched control-group lacking MRI-characteristics of CSVD, we compared the retinal vessel parameters in CSVD patients (73.8 ± 8.5 years) with a younger group of healthy controls (51.0 ± 16.0 years) by using an age- and sex-adjusted multiple linear regression analysis model. Results Among the parameters measured with OCT, the Wall to Lumen Ratio (WLR) but not Mean Wall Thickness (MWT) of the superior branch of the retinal artery correlated significantly with the volume of white matter hyperintensities on MRI (rs = − 0.5) and with CSF-levels of Chitinase 3 like 1 protein (rs = − 0.6), zona occludens 1 protein (rs = − 0.5) and GFAP (rs = − 0.4). MWT and WLR were higher in CSVD than in controls (28.9 μm vs. 23.9 μm, p = 0.001 and 0.32 vs. 0.25, p = 0.001). Conclusions In this exploratory study, WLR correlated with the volume of white matter hyperintensities, and markers of vascular integrity, microglial activation, and neuroaxonal damage in CSVD. Further prospective studies should clarify whether retinal vessel parameters and CSF biomarkers may serve to monitor the natural course and treatment effects in clinical studies on CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdelhak
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Huss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Brück
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - U Sebert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm, Germany
| | - H P Müller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Tumani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany
| | - M Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Yilmazer-Hanke
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Ulm, Germany
| | - A C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - E Pinkhardt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Neugebauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Cash A, Theus MH. Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093344. [PMID: 32397302 PMCID: PMC7246537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for the majority of injury-related deaths in the United States with roughly two million TBIs occurring annually. Due to the spectrum of severity and heterogeneity in TBIs, investigation into the secondary injury is necessary in order to formulate an effective treatment. A mechanical consequence of trauma involves dysregulation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which contributes to secondary injury and exposure of peripheral components to the brain parenchyma. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms of BBB breakdown in TBI including novel intracellular signaling and cell–cell interactions within the BBB niche. The current review provides an overview of the BBB, novel detection methods for disruption, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in regulating its stability following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cash
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- The Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 1-540-231-0909; Fax: 1-540-231-7425
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24
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Abstract
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a chronically debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder, is characterized by distinctive and recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions. An increasing number of evidence indicates that sophisticated interactions between different neurobiological factors play a part in OCD etiology, but the certain underlying mechanisms are still mainly unknown. The present research aimed to explore whether the concentrations of serum zonulin and claudin-5 vary between OCD patients and healthy controls. The present research also intended to explore whether there is an association between zonulin and claudin-5 concentrations and OCD severity.Methods: Twenty-four (13 boys and 11 girls) OCD patients and 24 (13 boys and 11 girls) healthy controls were included in this study. The clinical severity of the OCD symptoms was evaluated by the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. Participants also filled out the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales-Child Version to determine the anxiety and depression levels of the children. Venous blood samples were collected, and serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels were measured.Results: Serum claudin-5 levels were found to be significantly higher in OCD patient whereas serum zonulin levels were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusions: Taken together with our results, our study suggests that dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier, especially claudin-5, may be involved in the etiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Işık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Pınar Aydoğan Avşar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Evrim Aktepe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul Doğuç
- Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Faruk Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
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25
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Li M, Liu G, Wang K, Wang L, Fu X, Lim LY, Chen W, Mo J. Metal ion-responsive nanocarrier derived from phosphonated calix[4]arenes for delivering dauricine specifically to sites of brain injury in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:61. [PMID: 32306970 PMCID: PMC7168846 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide. Drug delivery vehicles to treat ICH are less than satisfactory because of their short circulation lives, lack of specific targeting to the hemorrhagic site, and poor control of drug release. To exploit the fact that metal ions such as Fe2+ are more abundant in peri-hematomal tissue than in healthy tissue because of red blood cell lysis, we developed a metal ion-responsive nanocarrier based on a phosphonated calix[4]arene derivative in order to deliver the neuroprotective agent dauricine (DRC) specifically to sites of primary and secondary brain injury. The potential of the dauricine-loaded nanocarriers for ICH therapy was systematically evaluated in vitro and in mouse models of autologous whole blood double infusion. The nanocarriers significantly reduced brain water content, restored blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuated neurological deficits by inhibiting the activation of glial cells, infiltration by neutrophils as well as production of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and matrix-metalloprotease-9. These results suggest that our dauricine-loaded nanocarriers can improve neurological outcomes in an animal model of ICH by reducing inflammatory injury and inhibiting apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Li
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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26
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Fajardo‐Fregoso BF, Castañeda‐Cabral JL, Beas‐Zárate C, Ureña‐Guerrero ME. Neonatal excitotoxicity modifies blood‐brain barrier properties increasing its susceptibility to hypertonic shock in adulthood. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:335-346. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Fabiola Fajardo‐Fregoso
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA) Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Jalisco México
| | - Jose Luis Castañeda‐Cabral
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA) Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Jalisco México
| | - Carlos Beas‐Zárate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA) Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Jalisco México
| | - Mónica E. Ureña‐Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA) Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Jalisco México
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Al-Ahmady ZS, Jasim D, Ahmad SS, Wong R, Haley M, Coutts G, Schiessl I, Allan SM, Kostarelos K. Selective Liposomal Transport through Blood Brain Barrier Disruption in Ischemic Stroke Reveals Two Distinct Therapeutic Opportunities. ACS Nano 2019; 13:12470-12486. [PMID: 31693858 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective therapies for stroke continues to face repeated translational failures. Brain endothelial cells form paracellular and transcellular barriers to many blood-borne therapies, and the development of efficient delivery strategies is highly warranted. Here, in a mouse model of stroke, we show selective recruitment of clinically used liposomes into the ischemic brain that correlates with biphasic blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Intravenous administration of liposomes into mice exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion took place at early (0.5 and 4 h) and delayed (24 and 48 h) time points, covering different phases of BBB disruption after stroke. Using a combination of in vivo real-time imaging and histological analysis we show that selective liposomal brain accumulation coincides with biphasic enhancement in transcellular transport followed by a delayed impairment to the paracellular barrier. This process precedes neurological damage in the acute phase and maintains long-term liposomal colocalization within the neurovascular unit, which could have great potential for neuroprotection. Levels of liposomal uptake by glial cells are similarly selectively enhanced in the ischemic region late after experimental stroke (2-3 days), highlighting their potential for blocking delayed inflammatory responses or shifting the polarization of microglia/macrophages toward brain repair. These findings demonstrate the capability of liposomes to maximize selective translocation into the brain after stroke and identify two windows for therapeutic manipulation. This emphasizes the benefits of selective drug delivery for efficient tailoring of stroke treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa S Al-Ahmady
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
- Pharmacology Department, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Dhifaf Jasim
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
| | - Sabahuddin Syed Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Wong
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health , University of Manchester , Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Haley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health , University of Manchester , Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
| | - Graham Coutts
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health , University of Manchester , Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health , University of Manchester , Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health , University of Manchester , Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , United Kingdom
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Wu Y, Meng R, Rajah GB, Ding Y, Xu Y, Ji X. Blood-brain Barrier Disruption May Contribute to White Matter Lesions in the Setting of Internal Jugular Venous Stenosis. Curr Neurovasc Res 2019; 16:328-334. [PMID: 31573885 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191001110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cloudy white matter lesions are associated imaging features of internal jugular venous stenosis (IJVS). However, the mechanism of the IJVS associated cloudy white matter lesions is still unclear. This study aims to evaluate blood-brain barrier integrity of the patients with IJVS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 eligible patients with IJVS confirmed by computed tomography venography (CTV) and 45 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. The levels of serum MMP-9 and the markers of tight junctions, including occludin and ZO-1 obtained from IJVS patients and control group were tested by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay and compared. RESULTS Both the levels of serum MMP-9 (0.2ng/ml) and occludin (0.05ng/ml) in IJVS group were higher than in the control group (0.01ng/ml vs. 0 ng/ml, all p<0.001). While, the levels of serum ZO-1 showed no statistical significance between the two groups (0.55ng/ml vs 0.735ng/ml, P=0.34). The levels of serum MMP-9 between the subset with or without white matter lesions in IJVS group showed a significant difference (0.22 [0.06, 0.43] vs. 0.01 [0.01, 0.06], P =0.019). CONCLUSION BBB disruption may participate in the formation of IJVS-associated white matter lesions; the mechanism of BBB disruption may involve MMP-9 and occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Gary B Rajah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yaoming Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Yang J, Yan B, Fan Y, Yang L, Zhao B, He X, Ma Q, Wang W, Bai L, Zhang F, Ma X. Integrative analysis of transcriptome-wide association study and gene expression profiling identifies candidate genes associated with stroke. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7435. [PMID: 31392102 PMCID: PMC6673425 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a major public health burden worldwide. Although genetic variation is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of stroke, the specific pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) is a powerful approach to prioritize candidate risk genes underlying complex traits. However, this approach has not been applied in stroke. Methods We conducted an integrative analysis of TWAS using data from the MEGASTROKE Consortium and gene expression profiling to identify candidate genes for the pathogenesis of stroke. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was also conducted to detect functional gene sets. Results The TWAS identified 515 transcriptome-wide significant tissue-specific genes, among which SLC25A44 (P = 5.46E−10) and LRCH1 (P = 1.54E−6) were significant by Bonferroni test for stroke. After validation with gene expression profiling, 19 unique genes were recognized. GO enrichment analysis identified eight significant GO functional gene sets, including regulation of cell shape (P = 0.0059), face morphogenesis (P = 0.0247), and positive regulation of ATPase activity (P = 0.0256). Conclusions Our study identified multiple stroke-associated genes and gene sets, and this analysis provided novel insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajuan Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Liu S, Chang L, Wei C. The sonic hedgehog pathway mediates Tongxinluo capsule‐induced protection against blood‐brain barrier disruption after ischaemic stroke in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124:660-669. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Shandong University Jinan China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio‐Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease) Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute Shijiazhuang China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute Shijiazhuang China
| | - Liping Chang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio‐Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease) Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute Shijiazhuang China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute Shijiazhuang China
| | - Cong Wei
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio‐Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease) Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute Shijiazhuang China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute Shijiazhuang China
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Vermette D, Hu P, Canarie MF, Funaro M, Glover J, Pierce RW. Tight junction structure, function, and assessment in the critically ill: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:37. [PMID: 30259344 PMCID: PMC6158145 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity, essential for homeostasis, is maintained by cellular boarder structures known as tight junctions (TJs). In critical illness, TJs may become disrupted, resulting in barrier dysfunction manifesting as capillary leak, pulmonary edema, gut bacterial translocation, and multiple organ failure. We aim to provide a clinically focused overview of TJ structure and function and systematically review and analyze all studies assessing markers of endothelial and epithelial TJ breakdown correlated with clinical outcomes in critically ill humans. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. Additional articles were identified by targeted searches. We included studies that looked at the relationship between biomarkers of endothelial or epithelial TJ structure or function and critical illness. Results were qualitatively analyzed due to sample size and heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 5297 abstracts met search criteria, of which 150 articles met requirements for full text review. Of these, 30 studies met inclusion criteria. Fifteen of the 30 reports investigated proteins of endothelial tight junctions and 15 investigated epithelial TJ markers, exclusively in the gastrointestinal epithelium. No studies investigated TJ-derived proteins in primary cardiac or pulmonary pathology. CONCLUSIONS TJ integrity is essential for homeostasis. We identified multiple studies that indicate TJs are disrupted by critical illness. These studies highlight the significance of barrier disruption across many critical disease states and correlate TJ-associated markers to clinically relevant outcomes. Further study on the role of multiple tissue-specific claudins, particularly in the setting of respiratory or cardiac failure, may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic advances. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review is registered in the PROSPERO database: CRD42017074546 .
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vermette
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Pamela Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Michael F Canarie
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Melissa Funaro
- Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Janis Glover
- Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Richard W Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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32
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Heidari H, Taylor H. Review Article: Capturing the physiological complexity of the brain's neuro-vascular unit in vitro. Biomicrofluidics 2018; 12:051502. [PMID: 30364144 PMCID: PMC6191301 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the accelerating pace of brain research in recent years and the growing appreciation of the complexity of the brain and several brain-associated neurological diseases, the demand for powerful tools to enhance drug screening, diagnosis, and fundamental research is greater than ever. Highly representative models of the central nervous system (CNS) can play a critical role in meeting these needs. Unfortunately, in vivo animal models lack controllability, are difficult to monitor, and do not model human-specific brain behavior accurately. On the other hand, in silico computational models struggle to capture comprehensively the intertwined biological, chemical, electrical, and mechanical complexity of the brain. This leaves us with the promising domain of "organ-on-chip" in vitro models. In this review, we describe some of the most pioneering efforts in this expanding field, offering a perspective on the new possibilities as well as the limitations of each approach. We focus particularly on how the models reproduce the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which mediates mass transport to and from brain tissue. We also offer a brief commentary on strategies for evaluating the blood-brain barrier functionality of these in vitro models, including trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), immunocytochemistry, and permeability analysis. From the early membrane-based models of the BBB that have grown into the Transwell® class of devices, to the era of microfluidic chips and a future of bio-printed tissue, we see enormous improvement in the reliability of in vitro models. More and more of the biological and structural complexity of the BBB is being captured by microfluidic chips, and the organ-specificity of bio-printed tissue is also significantly improved. Although we believe that the long-term solution will eventually take the form of automated and parallelized bio-printing systems, we find that valuable transport studies can already be accomplished with microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Heidari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, 6159 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hayden Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, 6159 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Kealy J, Greene C, Campbell M. Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Lett 2020; 726:133664. [PMID: 29966749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface between the peripheral blood supply and the cerebral parenchyma, controlling the transport of material to and from the brain. Tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvasculature limit the passage of large, negatively charged molecules via paracellular diffusion whereas transcellular transportation across the endothelial cell is controlled by a number of mechanisms including transporter proteins, endocytosis, and diffusion. Here, we review the evidence that perturbation of these processes may underlie the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and affective disorders. Increased permeability of the BBB appears to be a common factor in these disorders, leading to increased infiltration of peripheral material into the brain culminating in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. However, although there is no common mechanism underpinning BBB dysfunction even within each particular disorder, the tight junction protein claudin-5 may be a clinically relevant target given that both clinical and pre-clinical research has linked it to schizophrenia, ASD, and depression. Additionally, we discuss the clinical significance of the BBB in diagnosis (genetic markers, dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging, and blood biomarkers) and in treatment (drug delivery).
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Wen L, Tan Y, Dai S, Zhu Y, Meng T, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Yuan H, Hu F. VEGF-mediated tight junctions pathological fenestration enhances doxorubicin-loaded glycolipid-like nanoparticles traversing BBB for glioblastoma-targeting therapy. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1843-1855. [PMID: 29182025 PMCID: PMC8241127 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1386731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly hindered the penetration and accumulation of chemotherapeutics into glioblastoma (GBM), accompany with poor therapeutic effects. The growth of GBM supervene the impairment of tight junctions (TJs); however, the pathogenesis of BBB breakdown in GBM is essentially poorly understood. This study found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by GBM cells plays an important role in increasing the permeability of BBB by disrupting endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5 and thus gave doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded glycolipid-like nanoparticles (Ap-CSSA/DOX), an effective entrance to brain tumor region for GBM-targeting therapy. In addition, VEGF downregulates the expression of claudin-5 with a dose-dependent mode, and interfering with the VEGF/VEGFR pathway using its inhibitor axitinib could reduce the permeability of BBB and enhance the integrity of the barrier. Ap-CSSA/DOX nanoparticles showed high affinity to expressed low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 1 (LRP1) in both BBB and GBM. And BBB pathological fenestration in GBM further exposed more LRP1 binding sites for Ap-CSSA/DOX nanoparticles targeting to brain tumor, resulting in a higher transmembrane transport ratio in vitro and a stronger brain tumor biodistribution in vivo, and finally realizing a considerable antitumor effect. Overall, taking advantage of BBB pathological features to design an appropriate nanodrug delivery system (NDDS) might provide new insights into other central nervous system (CNS) diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suhuan Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Yang YR, Xiong XY, Liu J, Wu LR, Zhong Q, Zhou K, Meng ZY, Liu L, Wang FX, Gong QW, Liao MF, Duan CM, Li J, Yang MH, Zhang Q, Gong CX, Yang QW. Mfsd2a (Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain Containing 2a) Attenuates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Inhibiting Vesicular Transcytosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005811. [PMID: 28724654 PMCID: PMC5586300 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption aggravates brain injury induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, the mechanisms of BBB damage caused by ICH remain elusive. Mfsd2a (major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a) has been known to play an essential role in BBB formation and function. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of Mfsd2a in BBB permeability regulation after ICH. METHODS AND RESULTS Using ICH models, we found that Mfsd2a protein expression in perihematomal brain tissues was significantly decreased after ICH. Knockdown and knockout of Mfsd2a in mice markedly increased BBB permeability, neurological deficit score, and brain water contents after ICH, and these were rescued by overexpressing Mfsd2a in perihematomas. Moreover, we found that Mfsd2a regulation of BBB permeability after ICH correlated with changes in vesicle number. Expression profiling of tight junction proteins showed no differences in Mfsd2a knockdown, Mfsd2a knockout, and Mfsd2a overexpression mice. However, using electron microscopy following ICH, we observed a significant increase in pinocytotic vesicle number in Mfsd2a knockout mice and decreased the number of pinocytotic vesicles in mouse brains with Mfsd2a overexpression. Finally, using multiple reaction monitoring, we screened out 3 vesicle trafficking-related proteins (Srgap2, Stx7, and Sec22b) from 31 vesicle trafficking-related proteins that were markedly upregulated in Mfsd2a knockout mice compared with controls after ICH. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results suggest that Mfsd2a may protect against BBB injury by inhibiting vesicular transcytosis following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Rui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Rong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao-You Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fa-Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu-Wen Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mao-Fan Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Mei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Xiong Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Paul D, Baena V, Ge S, Jiang X, Jellison ER, Kiprono T, Agalliu D, Pachter JS. Appearance of claudin-5 + leukocytes in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation: a novel role for endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:292. [PMID: 27852330 PMCID: PMC5112695 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) across the highly restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains enigmatic, with paracellular TEM thought to require leukocytes to somehow navigate the obstructive endothelial tight junctions (TJs). Transient interactions between TJ proteins on the respective leukocyte and endothelial surfaces have been proposed as one mechanism for TEM. Given the expanding role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication, we investigated whether EVs derived from brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) of the BBB may play a role in transferring a major TJ protein, claudin-5 (CLN-5), to leukocytes as a possible basis for such a mechanism during neuroinflammation. METHODS High-resolution 3D confocal imaging was used to highlight CLN-5 immunoreactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) and on leukocytes of mice with the neuroinflammatory condition experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both Western blotting of circulating leukocytes from wild-type mice and fluorescence imaging of leukocyte-associated eGFP-CLN-5 in the blood and CNS of endothelial-targeted, Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 transgenic mice were used to confirm the presence of CLN-5 protein on these cells. EVs were isolated from TNF-α-stimulated BMEC cultures and blood plasma of Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE and evaluated for CLN-5 protein by Western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. Confocal imaging and FACS were used to detect binding of endothelial-derived EVs from these two sources to leukocytes in vitro. Serial electron microscopy (serial EM) and 3D contour-based surface reconstruction were employed to view EV-like structures at the leukocyte:BBB interface in situ in inflamed CNS microvessels. RESULTS A subpopulation of leukocytes immunoreactive for CLN-5 on their surface was seen to infiltrate the CNS of mice with EAE and reside in close apposition to inflamed vessels. Confocal imaging of immunostained samples and Western blotting established the presence of CLN-5+ leukocytes in blood as well, implying these cells are present prior to TEM. Moreover, imaging of inflamed CNS vessels and the associated perivascular cell infiltrates from Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE revealed leukocytes bearing the eGFP label, further supporting the hypothesis CLN-5 is transferred from endothelial cells to circulating leukocytes in vivo. Western blotting of BMEC-derived EVs, corresponding in size to both exosomes and microvesicles, and FACS analysis of plasma-derived EVs from Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE validated expression of CLN-5 by EVs of endothelial origin. Confocal imaging and FACS further revealed both PKH-67-labeled EVs from cultured BMECs and eGFP-CLN-5+ EVs from plasma of Tie-2-eGFP-CLN-5 mice with EAE can bind to leukocytes. Lastly, serial EM and 3D contour-based surface reconstruction revealed a close association of EV-like structures between the marginating leukocytes and BMECs in situ during EAE. CONCLUSIONS During neuroinflammation, CLN-5+ leukocytes appear in the CNS, and both CLN-5+ leukocytes and CLN-5+ EVs are detected in the blood. As endothelial cells transfer CLN-5+ to leukocytes in vivo, and EVs released from BMEC bind to leukocytes in vitro, EVs may serve as the vehicles to transfer CLN-5 protein at sites of leukocyte:endothelial contact along the BBB. This action may be a prelude to facilitate TEM through the formation of temporary TJ protein bridges between these two cell types.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/ultrastructure
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/ultrastructure
- Female
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayon Paul
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Valentina Baena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Shujun Ge
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Evan R. Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Timothy Kiprono
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University School of Medicine, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Joel S. Pachter
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06070 USA
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Chen L, Hu L, Zhao J, Hong H, Feng F, Qu W, Liu W. Chotosan improves Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses through the inhibition of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:398-407. [PMID: 26994819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Recently, the focus on neuroinflammation is intensified as its complex pathophysiological role has emerged in multiple central nervous system(CNS) disorders. Chotosan (CTS), known as a traditional herbal formula, is often utilized to treat relevant nervous system diseases in China. It was demonstrated effectively to alleviate cognitive deficit associated with aging, diabetes, hypoperfusion and cerebral ischemia. However, the effects of CTS on Aβ1-42-induced cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. Here, we further investigated the effects of chotosan on memory performance, neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The learning and memory ability is evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) task and Y-maze test following intrahippocampal infusion of aggregated Aβ1-42. The expression level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax was examined by Western blot. TLR-4 level is also assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the generation of inflammatory mediators. The caspase-3 activity is analyzed by commercial kits. RESULTS The repeated treatment with CTS (750mg/kg or 375mg/kg per day) for 3 weeks significantly restored Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in mice. Meanwhile, this treatment also remarkably reduced TLR-4 and NF-κB p65 expression accompanying with the diminished release of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β in hippocampus. The neuronal apoptosis is also inhibited as evidenced by increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decrease in pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 activity compared to that of the model mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results show for the first time that chotosan can ameliorate Aβ1-2-induced memory dysfunction via inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis at least partially mediated by TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lejian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Pan Q, He C, Liu H, Liao X, Dai B, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhao B, Bihl J, Ma X. Microvascular endothelial cells-derived microvesicles imply in ischemic stroke by modulating astrocyte and blood brain barrier function and cerebral blood flow. Mol Brain 2016; 9:63. [PMID: 27267759 PMCID: PMC4897950 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) released microvesicles (EMVs) can affect various target cells by transferring carried genetic information. Astrocytes are the main components of the blood brain barrier (BBB) structure in the brain and participate in regulating BBB integrity and blood flow. The interactions between ECs and astrocytes are essential for BBB integrity in homeostasis and pathological conditions. Here, we studied the effects of human brain microvascular ECs released EMVs on astrocyte functions. Additionally, we investigated the effects of EMVs treated astrocytes on regulating BBB function and cerebral ischemic damage. RESULTS EMVs prepared from ECs cultured in normal condition (n-EMVs) or oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD-EMVs) condition had diverse effects on astrocytes. The n-EMVs promoted, while the OGD-EMVs inhibited the proliferation of astrocytes via regulating PI3K/Akt pathway. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression (marker of astrocyte activation) was up-regulated by n-EMVs, while down-regulated by OGD-EMVs. Meanwhile, n-EMVs inhibited but OGD-EMVs promoted the apoptosis of astrocytes accompanied by up/down-regulating the expression of Caspase-9 and Bcl-2. In the BBB model of ECs-astrocytes co-culture, the n-EMVs, conversely to OGD-EMVs, decreased the permeability of BBB accompanied with up-regulation of zonula occudens-1(ZO-1) and Claudin-5. In a transient cerebral ischemia mouse model, n-EMVs ameliorated, while OGD-EMVs aggravated, BBB disruption, local cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction, infarct volume and neurological deficit score. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that EMVs diversely modulate astrocyte functions, BBB integrity and CBF, and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwen Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Caixia He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.,Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
| | - Xiaorong Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Bingyan Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Ji Bihl
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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