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Mahamid A. Editorial: Hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery: innovations, genomics, and prognostic management. Front Surg 2024; 11:1386870. [PMID: 38496211 PMCID: PMC10944341 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1386870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mahamid
- Department of Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Xu C, Shen W, Cheng Y, Yu D, Zhu H. Primary and Recurrent Intraosseous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma-Analysis of Two Cases and Literature Review. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:100. [PMID: 38256362 PMCID: PMC10820229 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that mostly occurs in minor glands, especially in the palate. Intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma (IACC) is rarer. There is no clear conclusion on the clinical, radiologic and pathological characteristics of IACC because of few reported IACC cases, leading to insufficient understanding of IACC. We reviewed 52 previous reports of primary IACC (PIACC) and analyzed the clinical features of those patients involved, attempting to provide a better understanding of PIACC. Moreover, we present a case of primary PIACC and a case of recurrent IACC (RIACC). The two patients showed similarities in clinical and pathological results, along with slight differences in radiological and immunohistochemical results. The patient of case 1 seemed to display a worse prognosis, which can only be proved after long term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (W.S.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (W.S.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangxi Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (W.S.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (W.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Huiyong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (W.S.); (Y.C.)
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3
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Wen W, Cheng J, Tang Y. Brain perivascular macrophages: current understanding and future prospects. Brain 2024; 147:39-55. [PMID: 37691438 PMCID: PMC10766266 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages are specialized populations of macrophages that reside in the space around cerebral vessels, such as penetrating arteries and venules. With the help of cutting-edge technologies, such as cell fate mapping and single-cell multi-omics, their multifaceted, pivotal roles in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, vascular integrity maintenance and metabolic regulation have more recently been further revealed under physiological conditions. Accumulating evidence also implies that perivascular macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular dysfunction, autoimmune disease, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. They can act in either protective or detrimental ways depending on the disease course and stage. However, the underlying mechanisms of perivascular macrophages remain largely unknown. Therefore, we highlight potential future directions in research on perivascular macrophages, including the utilization of genetic mice and novel therapeutic strategies that target these unique immune cells for neuroprotective purposes. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive update on the current knowledge of brain perivascular macrophages, shedding light on their pivotal roles in central nervous system health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
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Wu Q, Wang M, Zhou M, Miao F, Ni J, Yin Q. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen: Radiological Findings and Radiological- pathological Correlation. Curr Med Imaging 2024; 20:e260423216201. [PMID: 37170973 DOI: 10.2174/1573405620666230426122828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to describe the CT and MRI features of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen with pathologic correlation. Materials and Methods Ten patients with surgically resected and pathologically confirmed SANTs were included. Clinical history was reviewed, and gross pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings were recorded. CT and MRI examinations were evaluated by two radiologists. Results Patients included seven men and three women, with a mean age of 42.9±16.7 years. Pathologic features of SANTs involved multiple angiomatous nodules in a radiating pattern with a central stellate fibrous scar and evidence of hemosiderin deposition. 9 cases showed a lobulated demarcated margin, 8 cases a slight hypoattenuating, 1 isoattenuating, and 1 case with two lesions demonstrated a slight hyperattenuating margin, respectively. Multiple scattered punctate calcifications were involved in 2 cases. 5 cases manifested hypointensity on in-phase imaging, 1 iso-intensity, and 4 iso-hypointensity on out-of-phase imaging. Progressive and centripetal enhancement were exhibited in 10 cases, spoke-wheel pattern in 3 cases, and nodular enhancement in 4 cases, respectively. The central fibrous scar was identified in 8 cases during delayed enhancement. Conclusion Characteristics of SANTs on CT/MRI reflected the underlying pathology. Hypointensity on DWI and T2WI, and change of signal on T1 chemicalshift imaging were found to be due to hemosiderin deposition and fibrous tissue. Typical feature was a solitary, round, lobulated mass with a fibrous scar. Progressive and centripetal enhancement, spoke-wheel pattern, nodular enhancement, and delayed enhancement of central fibrous scar were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Radiology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Miao
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Ni
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Second Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qihua Yin
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Second Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Atwine R, Laffita D, Birungi A, Kiconco R, Waddell K. Clinical and Histopathologic Predictors of Survival Among Children With Retinoblastoma From Two Tertiary Health Facilities in Uganda. Cureus 2023; 15:e50605. [PMID: 38226099 PMCID: PMC10788691 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant tumour that develops from the immature cells of the retina. It is the most frequent type of paediatric intraocular cancer and is curable. Clinical and histological findings after enucleation of the affected eye dictate not only the patient's secondary care but also their prognosis. We assessed the clinical and histopathologic predictors of survival among children with RB from two tertiary health facilities in Uganda. METHODS This retrospective research utilized archived formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of eye specimens enucleated between 2014 and 2016 at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) Pathology Department and Ruharo Eye Centre (REC) in Mbarara, Uganda. The specimens were then processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The confirmation of RB was made to include the histologic stage and features of the tumor. Biographic data of the patients and clinical features, such as leukocoria, proptosis, phthisis, staphyloma and buphthalmos, were retrieved from the records. RESULTS Males (55.1%, n=43) dominated the study population (N=78). The median age was 31 months. The most common clinical sign was leukocoria (69.2%, n=52), and the most predominant histopathological stage was stage 1 (41%, n=32). Optic nerve (ON) invasion was seen in 38.5% (n=30), choroidal invasion in 29.5% (n=23), scleral invasion in 7.7% (n=6) and orbital extension in 16.7% (n=13) of the cases. Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes were seen in 34.6% (n=27). Necrosis was a prominent feature (71.8%, n=56). The two-year survival was estimated to be 61.5% (n=48). Leukocoria (risk ratio (RR) 1.1), female gender (RR 1.4), intralaminar ON invasion (RR 7.6) and a lack of orbital extension (RR 7) were significant predictors of survival. CONCLUSION Leukocoria and proptosis are noticeable clinical signs of RB. Most patients present while in stage one although stage four presentation is also common. Leukocoria, ON invasion, orbital extension and gender are significant factors predictive of survival in patients with RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Atwine
- Pathology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, UGA
| | | | - Abraham Birungi
- Pathology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, UGA
| | - Ritah Kiconco
- Biochemistry, Soroti University, Soroti, UGA
- Medical Laboratory Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, UGA
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Yang XF, Kuang H, Shen CR, Cui Z, Yu XJ, Ma YY, Zhao MH, Jia XY. The Prevalence and Characteristics of Circulating IgA Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Autoantibodies in Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2395-2402. [PMID: 38025241 PMCID: PMC10658233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In some cases, immunoglobulin (IgA)-mediated antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease has been reported. Whether circulating IgA anti-GBM antibodies affect the clinico-pathologic characteristics and outcome of typical anti-GBM disease deserves further study. Methods Circulating IgA anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant human α3(IV)NC1 as solid phase antigens in 107 patients with anti-GBM disease and 115 controls. Clinical, pathological, and follow-up data of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results Circulating IgA anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies were found in 18.7% (20/107) of patients with anti-GBM disease but were not detected in healthy controls or in patients with other glomerular diseases. The positivity of circulating IgA anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies was not associated with whether the patient was with combined IgA nephropathy or other glomerulonephritis. Kidney immunofluorescence showed no statistical difference in IgA deposition between patients with circulating IgA anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies and patients without (30.0% vs. 40.4%, P = 0.725). The titers of circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies in patients with circulating IgA anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies were significantly higher than those without (200 [183.3, 200] vs. 161 [85.5, 200] U/ml, P = 0.005). There were no significant differences in kidney outcome and mortality between the 2 groups. Conclusion Circulating IgA anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies occurred in 18.7% (20/107) of patients with anti-GBM in our center and were specific to anti-GBM disease. Patients with circulating IgA anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies showed a higher levels of serum IgG anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibodies than those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-fen Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Renal Division, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huang Kuang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-rong Shen
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Cui
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-juan Yu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-yi Ma
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-yu Jia
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Butts D, Smith AJ, Bradley K, Meeson R, Parsons K, Langley-Hobbs SJ. Comparison of three radiographic assessment methods for detecting slipped capital femoral epiphyses in cats: Klein's line, modified Klein's line and the S-sign. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231201775. [PMID: 37906175 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231201775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate whether diagnostic assessment methods used on radiographs in humans with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) can be used in cats. METHODS The ventrodorsal (VD) extended-leg and VD frog-leg pelvic radiographs of 20 cats with SCFE without fully displaced femoral capital epiphyses (FCE), eight cats with fully displaced FCE and five control cats with normal pelvic anatomy were assessed by five observers on two separate occasions 3 months apart. The Klein's line and modified Klein's line were assessed on each VD extended-leg radiograph, and the S-sign was assessed on each VD extended-leg and VD frog-leg radiograph. RESULTS Excluding cases of fully displaced FCE, the S-sign on the VD frog-leg radiographs more accurately diagnosed SCFE than the S-sign on the VD extended-leg radiographs and the Klein's line (92.4% vs 88.8% vs 60.6%, respectively), and had the greatest sensitivity (93.9% vs 79.2% vs 30.6%, respectively). The S-sign on the VD extended-leg radiographs had greater specificity than the Klein's line and S-sign on the VD frog-leg radiographs (99.2% vs 97.9% vs 90.9%, respectively). The modified Klein's line detected SCFE in 40.2% of cases that were negative for the Klein's line. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The S-sign in both VD extended-leg and VD frog-leg views successfully detected SCFE in cats and can be used to increase early diagnosis and treatment in cats with SCFE that have only subtle radiographic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex J Smith
- Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Diagnostic Imaging, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Bradley
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Meeson
- The Royal Veterinary College Department of Clinical Science and Services, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kevin Parsons
- Langford Vets, University of Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
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Paterno G, Torrellas J, Bell BM, Gorion KMM, Quintin SS, Hery GP, Prokop S, Giasson BI. Novel Conformation-Dependent Tau Antibodies Are Modulated by Adjacent Phosphorylation Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13676. [PMID: 37761979 PMCID: PMC10530490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau proteins within the adult central nervous system (CNS) are found to be abnormally aggregated into heterogeneous filaments in neurodegenerative diseases, termed tauopathies. These tau inclusions are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PiD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The neuropathological hallmarks of these diseases burden several cell types within the CNS, and have also been shown to be abundantly phosphorylated. The mechanism(s) by which tau aggregates in the CNS is not fully known, but it is hypothesized that hyperphosphorylated tau may precede and further promote filament formation, leading to the production of these pathological inclusions. In the studies herein, we generated and thoroughly characterized two novel conformation-dependent tau monoclonal antibodies that bind to residues Pro218-Glu222, but are sensitive to denaturing conditions and highly modulated by adjacent downstream phosphorylation sites. These epitopes are present in the neuropathological hallmarks of several tauopathies, including AD, PiD, CBD, and PSP. These novel antibodies will further enable investigation of tau-dependent pathological inclusion formation and enhance our understanding of the phosphorylation signatures within tauopathies with the possibility of new biomarker developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giavanna Paterno
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.); (J.T.); (B.M.B.); (K.-M.M.G.); (S.S.Q.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jose Torrellas
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.); (J.T.); (B.M.B.); (K.-M.M.G.); (S.S.Q.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Brach M. Bell
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.); (J.T.); (B.M.B.); (K.-M.M.G.); (S.S.Q.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Kimberly-Marie M. Gorion
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.); (J.T.); (B.M.B.); (K.-M.M.G.); (S.S.Q.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Stephan S. Quintin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.); (J.T.); (B.M.B.); (K.-M.M.G.); (S.S.Q.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Gabriela P. Hery
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.); (J.T.); (B.M.B.); (K.-M.M.G.); (S.S.Q.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.P.H.); (S.P.)
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Hong Q, Li J, Li F, Lu L, Su J, Chen M. A Case of Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Indian J Dermatol 2023; 68:551-553. [PMID: 38099110 PMCID: PMC10718253 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_855_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder is indolent clinical behaviour and uncertain malignant potential. Histologically, these lesions show a predominance of small to medium-size CD4+ pleomorphic T-cell expressing follicular helper T-cell markers. We report the case of a 59-year-old female who presented with nodules on the left chest for 3 years. Dermatological examination showed four red nodules localized on the left chest with angiotelectasis without tenderness. The histopathological manifestation was consistent with the diagnosis of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. We focus on the clinical appearance, histopathological features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Hong
- From the Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiashuai Li
- From the Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- From the Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- From the Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Su
- From the Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- From the Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang D, Hu J, Deng C, Yang Z, Zhu J, Su X. Predictive nomogram for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma based on pathological and ultrasound features. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1108125. [PMID: 37484943 PMCID: PMC10358981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central lymph node metastases (CLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) are common, but management through prophylactic central lymph node dissection (pCLND) remains controversial. In this study, the independent predictors of CLNM in PTMC were retrospectively studied based on ultrasound and pathological data, and we aim to establish the prediction model to predict CLNM in PTMC. Methods This study included a total of 1,506 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for PTMC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2015 to 2018. Ultrasound and clinicopathological features were summarized and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors associated with CLNM. The prediction model is established and verified according to the multivariate analysis results. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to evaluate the effect of CLNM on survival. Results The CLNM rate was 44.5% (670/1,506). Multivariate analysis showed that men, younger age, smaller diameter, ETE, microcalcification, without Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and multifocal were independent risk predictors of CLNM. Nomogram has a good discriminative ability (C-index: 0.755 in the validation group), and the calibration effect is good. In the DCA curve, the CLNM prediction model performed better net benefit given any high-risk thresholds. The median follow-up time was 30 months (12-59 months), 116 cases were lost, and the follow-up rate was 92.8% (1,506/1,622). Of the 1,506 patients included, 12 (0.8%) experienced recurrence. Conclusion The likelihood of CLNM can be objectively quantified before surgery by using this reliable and accurate nomogram that combines preoperative ultrasound with clinicopathological features. Clinicians can use this nomogram to assess central lymph node status in patients with PTMC and consider prophylactic CND in patients with high scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Deng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Guiyang City Maternal and Child Health Care & Guiyang City Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinliang Su
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chloupek A, Kania J, Jurkiewicz D. Concordance between Clinical and Pathological T and N Stages in Polish Patients with Head and Neck Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2202. [PMID: 37443596 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging system is important for the successful treatment of head and neck cancers (HNCs). This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between clinical and pathological T and N stages in patients with HNCs in Poland. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, clinical and pathological TNM staging data on 203 patients undergoing surgical treatment for HNC between 2011 and 2018 were collected and compared. The study group was classified as underdiagnosed, overdiagnosed, or correctly diagnosed with HNC based on pathological TNM staging. The concordance between clinical and pathological staging was evaluated using the kappa coefficient. RESULTS Clinical and pathological TNM staging showed concordance in 59.9% of patients for primary tumor (T) and in 79.3% of patients for lymph node (N) classifications. Moderate agreement between the clinical and pathological stages was shown for stage T, while substantial agreement was revealed for stage N. The size and extent of the tumor were underestimated or overestimated in 73 of the 182 patients (40.1%), while lymph node involvement was downstaged in 11 of the 53 patients (20.7%). CONCLUSIONS The disparities between clinical and pathological staging of HNC demonstrate the need for standardization in physical and pathological examinations, as well as radiographic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Chloupek
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kania
- Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jurkiewicz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-142 Warsaw, Poland
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Lan J, Chen M, Wang J, Du M, Wu Z, Zhang H, Xue Y, Wang T, Chen L, Xu C, Han Z, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Tong T, Chen G. Using less annotation workload to establish a pathological auxiliary diagnosis system for gastric cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101004. [PMID: 37044091 PMCID: PMC10140598 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathological diagnosis of gastric cancer requires pathologists to have extensive clinical experience. To help pathologists improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, we collected 1,514 cases of stomach H&E-stained specimens with complete diagnostic information to establish a pathological auxiliary diagnosis system based on deep learning. At the slide level, our system achieves a specificity of 0.8878 while maintaining a high sensitivity close to 1.0 on 269 biopsy specimens (147 malignancies) and 163 surgical specimens (80 malignancies). The classified accuracy of our system is 0.9034 at the slide level for 352 biopsy specimens (201 malignancies) from 50 medical centers. With the help of our system, the pathologists' average false-negative rate and average false-positive rate on 100 biopsy specimens (50 malignancies) are reduced to 1/5 and 1/2 of the original rates, respectively. At the same time, the average uncertainty rate and the average diagnosis time are reduced by approximately 22% and 20%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Lan
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Musheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Min Du
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhida Wu
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Yuyang Xue
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JU, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lifan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Chaohui Xu
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zixin Han
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ziwei Hu
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhou
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaogen Zhou
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Tong Tong
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Imperial Vision Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350100, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China.
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Choudhary S, Rangasamy K, Naidu S, Sachdeva RK, Sharma A. Subtrochanteric Pathological Femur Fracture in an HIV-Positive Patient on Tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Orthop Case Rep 2023; 13:14-20. [PMID: 37144071 PMCID: PMC10152932 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2023.v13.i02.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The population of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS has increased and so is the incidence of fragility fractures in these patients. Multiple contributory factors are responsible for osteomalacia or osteoporosis in such patients such as a chronic inflammatory response to the HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) itself, and associated comorbidities. Tenofovir has also been reported to disrupt bone metabolism and causes fragility fractures. Case Report A 40-year-old HIV-positive female came to us with pain in her left hip and was unable to bear weight. She had a history of trivial fall. The patient has been taking tenofovir-associated HAART regimen for the past 6 years and has been compliant. She was diagnosed with a left-side transverse subtrochanteric closed femur fracture. Closed reduction and internal fixation was done using a proximal femur intramedullary nail (PFNA). The latest follow-up shows fracture union and good functional outcomes after treating osteomalacia, and HAART changed to a non-tenofovir regimen later. Conclusion Patients with HIV infection are prone to fragility fractures and periodic monitoring of their BMD, serum calcium, and vitamin D3 levels should be done for prevention and early diagnosis. More vigilance in patients receiving a tenofovir-associated HAART regimen is needed. Appropriate medical treatment needs to be started once any abnormality in the bone metabolic parameters is detected, and drugs like tenofovir need to be changed as it causes osteomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Choudhary
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karthick Rangasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Address of Correspondence: Dr. Karthick Rangasamy, Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
| | - Shankar Naidu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Kaur Sachdeva
- Senior Medical Officer, ART Centre Department of Internal Medicine and ART Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine and in Charge of ART Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Aseri A, Khan SDAA, Aljarullah AM, Al-aqil FH, Almasabi S, Alqathia NS, Al Haider FF, Al Gfenh YM. Knowledge and attitude on tooth wear among Najran population, KSA. Bioinformation 2022; 18:1029-1035. [PMID: 37654841 PMCID: PMC10465779 DOI: 10.6026/973206300181029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth wear is the loss of a hard dental surface. This condition might occur due to some external or internal factors. The physiological, as well as pathological factors also caused loss of tooth surface. The aim of the following survey was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the Najran population about tooth wear. A questionnaire-based study was conducted among the people of Najran. Questions regarding attitude and knowledge about tooth wear were asked from the participants. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. It has been seen that participants of both genders almost have the same knowledge about tooth wear. However, females were more concerned with their dietary habits and the use of fluoride toothpaste. The participants of all age groups were well familiar with tooth wear and its prevention. It has been clear from the results that residents of Najran have good knowledge about the causes of tooth wear and its prevention but there is a need to increase their practices and change their food habits to avoid the severity of Tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Aseri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Siraj DAA Khan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | | | - Fahad H Al-aqil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Salem Almasabi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Nasser S Alqathia
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Fahad F Al Haider
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Yassin Mana Al Gfenh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
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Dhanuthai K, Chiramanaphan K, Tevavichulada V, Tangwongwarachai S, Chantarangsu S. Intraosseous jaw lesions: A 25-year experience. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:595. [PMID: 37082059 PMCID: PMC10112091 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_284_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Jaw bones can be afflicted by to a diverse group of lesions ranging from developmental, reactive/inflammatory, cystic lesions to tumors and tumor-like lesions. Objectives The objective of this study is to determine the relative frequency, demographic and pathologic profiles of patients with intraosseous jaw lesions from Thailand. Subjects and Methods Biopsy records from 1995 to 2019 were reviewed. Age, gender and location of the lesions were collected from the biopsy records. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 22.0. Results From 23,344 accessioned cases, 7382 cases (31.62%) were encountered within the jaw bones. Age of the participants ranged from 1 to 96 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 36.05 ± 17.80 years. Pediatric participants (aged ≤16 years) comprised 13.80% of all the participants, whereas the geriatric ones (aged ≥65 years) accounted for 7.55%. The male-to-female ratio was 0.89:1. The majority of lesions were observed in the mandible. The most prevalent intra-osseous jaw lesion was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and ameloblastoma. The most common malignant tumor was osteosarcoma followed by ameloblastic carcinoma and lymphoma. Among the pediatric participants, dentigerous cyst was the most prevalent jaw lesion, while that in the geriatric participants was radicular cyst. Conclusions This is the largest study on intra-osseous jaw lesions encompassing several pathological entities ever conducted from Thailand. It thus provides an invaluable database for clinicians to formulate a differential diagnosis as well as for the pathologists to render the final diagnosis. The results of this study are in accordance with previous studies in general.
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Konozy EHE, Osman MEFM, Ghartey-Kwansah G, Abushama HM. The striking mimics between COVID-19 and malaria: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957913. [PMID: 36081516 PMCID: PMC9445119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives COVID-19 is a transmissible illness triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its onset in late 2019 in Wuhan city of China, it continues to spread universally, leading to an ongoing pandemic that shattered all efforts to restrain it. On the other hand, in Africa, the COVID-19 infection may be influenced by malaria coinfection. Hence, in this review article, we aimed to give a comprehensive account of the similarities between COVID-19 and malaria in terms of symptoms, clinical, immunological, and molecular perspectives. Methodology In this article, we reviewed over 50 research papers to highlight the multilayered similarities between COVID-19 and malaria infections that might influence the ontology of COVID-19. Results Despite the poor health and fragile medical system of many sub-Saharan African countries, they persisted with a statistically significantly low number of COVID-19 cases. This was attributed to many factors such as the young population age, the warm weather, the lack of proper diagnosis, previous infection with malaria, the use of antimalarial drugs, etc. Additionally, population genetics appears to play a significant role in shaping the COVID-19 dynamics. This is evident as recent genomic screening analyses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and malaria-associated-variants identified 6 candidate genes that might play a role in malaria and COVID-19 incidence and severity. Moreover, the clinical and pathological resemblances between the two diseases have made considerable confusion in the diagnosis and thereafter curb the disease in Africa. Therefore, possible similarities between the diseases in regards to the clinical, pathological, immunological, and genetical ascription were discussed. Conclusion Understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 infection in Sub-Saharan Africa and how it is shaped by another endemic disease like malaria can provide insights into how to tailor a successful diagnostic, intervention, and control plans that lower both disease morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Ghartey-Kwansah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Liu D, Chang L, Wang J, Zhu Q, Jiang N, Azhar M, Ahmed A, Zeng G. Effect of Xiongmatang Extract on Behavioral and TRPV1-CGRP/CGRP-R Pathway in Rats With Migraine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835187. [PMID: 35350752 PMCID: PMC8957915 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disease, which seriously affects the quality of life in patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Xiongmatang (XMT) extract on rats with migraine induced by inflammatory soup and the underlying mechanisms. First, 1 week after dural catheterization, inflammatory soup was injected through a microsyringe to stimulate the dura of rats for 6 times (12 days), once every 2 days, 10 μL each time, to establish a migraine model. According to pain threshold analysis, behavioral change detection, and pathological analysis, the effects of XMT extract on rats with migraine were evaluated. The positive, mRNA and protein expression of related factors were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-QPCR, and Western blot analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanism. XMT extract improved the behavioral performance of rats, and improve the pathological changes in the trigeminal nerve in rats. Further experimental results show that XMT extract regulated the expression of migraine-related factors in the trigeminal nerve, manifested as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) positive expression, mRNA expression, and protein expression reduction. XMT extract can significantly improved the behavioral performance of rats with migraine, and its mechanism of action might involve regulating the activity of TRPV1-CGRP/CGRP-R pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Lulu Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mudassar Azhar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Guirong Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs and Hunan Provincial Research Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Changsha, China
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Ruan X, Zhang R, Li R, Zhu H, Wang Z, Wang C, Cheng Z, Peng H. The Research Progress in Physiological and Pathological Functions of TRAF4. Front Oncol 2022; 12:842072. [PMID: 35242717 PMCID: PMC8885719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.842072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is a member of the TRAF protein family, a cytoplasmic bridging molecule closely associated with various immune functions. The physiological processes of TRAF4 are mainly involved in embryonic development, cell polarity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of reactive oxygen species production. TRAF4 is overexpressed in a variety of tumors and regulates the formation and development of a variety of tumors. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological regulatory functions of TRAF4 and focus on understanding the biological processes involved in this gene, to provide a reference for further studies on the role of this gene in tumorigenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canfei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cheng T, Gamage SMK, Hewage D, Lu CT, Aktar S, Gopalan V, Lam AK. AHR gene expression and the polymorphism rs2066853 are associated with clinico pathological parameters in colorectal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2022:S0046-8177(22)00029-6. [PMID: 35150736 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between red and processed meat and its risk towards colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is not fully explored in literature. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pro-carcinogenic molecules that are ingested with meat cooked at high temperatures. The metabolic conversion of PAHs to carcinogenic diol epoxides is in part mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent induction of CYP1A1. This study aims to examine and expression profiles and polymorphisms of the AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) gene which is involved in the metabolic conversion of PAHs in patients with CRC. Genetic analysis was done in matched cancer and non-neoplastic tissues from 79 patients diagnosed with CRCs. Low AHR mRNA expression was associated mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma. Exon 10 of AHR showed that 27% of patients had the rs2066853 single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in an arginine to lysine change at codon 554. This variant was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of perineural invasion, presence of synchronous cancer, and multiple colorectal polyps. Furthermore, rs2066853 individuals were significantly more likely to be of more advanced age and have a more favourable tumour grade and pathological stage. These results imply the pathogenic roles of AHR in PAH-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Qin C, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ren H, Zou Y, Wu Y, Wang T, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Xu H, Zhang J, Cooper ME, Liu F. Clinical and Pathological Features of Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Biopsy-Proven Diabetic Kidney Disease, and Rapid eGFR Decline. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2847-2856. [PMID: 36148023 PMCID: PMC9489092 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s381052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate of kidney function decline in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is known to differ. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic features and related risk factors affecting long-term renal survival in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. METHODS In this retrospective descriptive study, 191 DKD patients were first classified as rapid eGFR decliners and slow eGFR decliners on the basis of the median eGFR slope value (-8.0 mL/min/1.73 m2/year). In total, 96 patients with rapid eGFR decline were included in the analyses and subsequently allocated to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and non-ESRD groups. Baseline clinicopathological data of rapid eGFR decliners were collected. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for progression to ESRD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 25 months, 52 (54.2%) rapid eGFR decliners progressed to ESRD. These 52 rapid eGFR decliners had poorer renal function, lower hemoglobin and albumin concentrations, higher total cholesterol and baseline proteinuria levels, and more severe interstitial inflammation than those who did not progress to ESRD. After adjustment for age, gender, baseline eGFR, proteinuria, hemoglobin level, serum albumin concentration, and histopathologic parameters, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that eGFR (HR 0.973, 95% CI 0.956-0.989) and proteinuria (HR 1.125, 95% CI 1.030-1.228) were associated with the increased risk of progression to ESRD. CONCLUSION Higher proteinuria and lower eGFR were independent risk factors for renal progression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and rapid eGFR decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Qin
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Zou
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingli Wang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xu
- Division of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Park HS, Kim YM, Kim S, Lee WS, Kong SJ, Yang H, Kang B, Cheon J, Shin SJ, Kim C, Chon HJ. High endothelial venule is a surrogate biomarker for T-cell inflamed tumor microenvironment and prognosis in gastric cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003353. [PMID: 34670828 PMCID: PMC8529985 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High endothelial venule (HEV) is a specialized vasculature for lymphocyte trafficking. While HEVs are frequently observed within gastric cancer (GC), the vascular–immune interaction between HEV and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has not been well elucidated. In this study, we aimed to unveil the potential value of HEVs as a surrogate marker for T-cell inflamed immune microenvironment in GC using a large number of prospectively collected surgical specimens of GC. Methods We included 460 patients with GC who underwent surgical resection. Nanostring PanCancer immune profiling was performed to evaluate the immunological phenotype of GCs. HEV density and three distinct patterns of TILs (Crohn-like lymphoid reaction, peritumoral lymphoid reaction, and intratumoral lymphoid reaction) were analyzed for their relationship and evaluated as prognostic factors for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results HEV-high GC revealed increased infiltration by immune cell subsets, including dendritic cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD4+ helper T cells. In addition, HEV-high GC demonstrated increased immune-modulating chemokines, type I or II interferon pathway, and immune checkpoints, all of which indicate the inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME). All three distinct patterns of TILs were associated with HEV density. In survival analysis, patients with HEV-high GC displayed significantly longer RFS and OS than those with HEV-low GC (p<0.001 for RFS, p<0.001 for OS). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HEV was the most significant immunological prognostic factor for RFS (patients with high HEV compared with those with low HEV; HR 0.412, 95% CI 0.241 to 0.705, p=0.001) and OS (HR 0.547, 95% CI 0.329 to 0.909, p=0.02) after adjustment for age, stage, and TIL. Conclusion HEV is the most significant immunological prognosticator for RFS and OS in resected GC, indicating inflamed TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Soon Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yoo Min Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sewha Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - So Jung Kong
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hannah Yang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Beodeul Kang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
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Montiel I, Ortega-Barón J, Basterra-González A, González-Cabrera J, Machimbarrena JM. Problematic online gambling among adolescents: A systematic review about prevalence and related measurement issues. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:566-586. [PMID: 34550906 PMCID: PMC8997231 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite its illegality among adolescents, online gambling is a common practice, which puts their mental health and well-being at serious risk. This systematic review summarises international scientific literature from the last 20 years on problematic online gambling among adolescents (11-21 years old) to determine its prevalence and to analyse related measurement issues. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and a protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, IC: CRD42020162932). Five academic databases were consulted, which resulted in an initial sample of 658 papers. RESULTS Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All studies were cross-sectional and targeted students from elementary school, secondary school or university. Most followed a convenience sampling procedure. The primary measurement instruments used were the DSM-IV-MR-J and SOGS-RA. Between 0.77% and 57.5% of adolescents present some degree of problematic online gambling (problem, pathological or disordered) depending on the instruments used, the study samples and the timeframe analysed. Between 0.89% and 1% of adolescents exhibited an online gambling disorder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION There is a great heterogeneity in the methodology of the reviewed studies (samples, measurement instruments, cut-off points and criteria applied). The limited number of studies and the limited generalizability of their results suggest the need for further research and for development of specific instruments to assess different levels of problematic online gambling in representative samples of adolescents based on clinical 'gold standard' criteria and more accurate cut-off points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Montiel
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jéssica Ortega-Barón
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Arantxa Basterra-González
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Joaquín González-Cabrera
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Machimbarrena
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida de Tolosa, 70, 20018, Donostia, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Chen WF, Ou HY, Pan CT, Liao CC, Huang W, Lin HY, Cheng YF, Wei CP. Recognition Rate Advancement and Data Error Improvement of Pathology Cutting with H-DenseUNet for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Image. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091599. [PMID: 34573941 PMCID: PMC8470617 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that previous studies have rarely investigated the recognition rate discrepancy and pathology data error when applied to different databases, the purpose of this study is to investigate the improvement of recognition rate via deep learning-based liver lesion segmentation with the incorporation of hospital data. The recognition model used in this study is H-DenseUNet, which is applied to the segmentation of the liver and lesions, and a mixture of 2D/3D Hybrid-DenseUNet is used to reduce the recognition time and system memory requirements. Differences in recognition results were determined by comparing the training files of the standard LiTS competition data set with the training set after mixing in an additional 30 patients. The average error value of 9.6% was obtained by comparing the data discrepancy between the actual pathology data and the pathology data after the analysis of the identified images imported from Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The average error rate of the recognition output after mixing the LiTS database with hospital data for training was 1%. In the recognition part, the Dice coefficient was 0.52 after training 50 epochs using the standard LiTS database, while the Dice coefficient was increased to 0.61 after adding 30 hospital data to the training. After importing 3D Slice and ITK-Snap software, a 3D image of the lesion and liver segmentation can be developed. It is hoped that this method could be used to stimulate more research in addition to the general public standard database in the future, as well as to study the applicability of hospital data and improve the generality of the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fan Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-You Ou
- Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-Y.O.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Cheng-Tang Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (W.H.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Chien-Chang Liao
- Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-Y.O.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (W.H.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Han-Yu Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (W.H.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- Liver Transplantation Program and Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-Y.O.); (C.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.C.); (C.-P.W.); Tel.: +886-773-17123-3027 (Y.-F.C.); +886-752-52000-4189 (C.-P.W.)
| | - Chia-Po Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.C.); (C.-P.W.); Tel.: +886-773-17123-3027 (Y.-F.C.); +886-752-52000-4189 (C.-P.W.)
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Aggarwal M, Aggarwal A, Arora S, Rathi AK, Singh K. Demographic and clinico pathological profile of patients of gastrointestinal stromal tumor from a tertiary care center of North India: An observational study. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 16:S104-S109. [PMID: 33380662 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_322_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal system. This study was aimed to analyze the demographic and clinicopathological data of the patient with a primary diagnosis of GIST, who were treated at our center. Materials and Methodology Patients of GIST registered at our center from September 1, 2008, to August 31, 2016, were enrolled for this study. Patient's demographic and clinicopathological data were collected from clinical records. The data were represented as absolute number, percentage, and median (range: minimum to maximum), whichever applicable. Results and Observations The analysis of 27 patients revealed that pain was the most common clinical feature. The stomach was the most common primary site. Most of the patients underwent upfront radical surgery (92.6%) followed by adjuvant imatinib. Histopathological data revealed that most tumors were >10 cm in size, 51.8% of patients had low mitotic index, and all these patients were either immunohistochemical positive for cluster differentiation 117 or KIT. The median duration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy (imatinib) in our study individual was 2.5 years with a range of 4.8 months-3 years. Response assessment revealed 74.1% complete remission, 11.1% stable disease, and 3.7% progressive disease. Median overall survival in study individuals was 2.63 years (range: 0.1-8.6 years). Patient- and tumor-related factors were analyzed for prognostic significance using univariate survival analysis; however, none was found to have a significant prognostic correlation. Conclusions Patients who underwent upfront surgery followed by adjuvant imatinib has shown good response to the treatment. However, the limitation of the small sample size and short follow-up in this study may not be a true data representation of the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Aggarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Aggarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Savita Arora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Rathi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Tian Y, Feng J, Jiang L, Ning J, Gu Z, Huang J, Luo Q. Integration of clinico pathological and mutational data offers insight into lung cancer with tumor spread through air spaces. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:985. [PMID: 34277785 PMCID: PMC8267253 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) was defined as a unique tumor invasion pattern in adenocarcinoma (ADC) by The World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors in 2015. Since then, STAS had been shown to be associated with local recurrence and poor survival results, as the typical signature and potential mechanisms of STAS remained unclear. Our objectives were to comprehensively demonstrate the clinicopathological and genetic signatures in STAS-positive lung cancer patients. Methods The clinicopathological and gene alteration characteristics of 878 STAS-positive lung cancer patients were presented. Associations between parameters were evaluated using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression. The capture-based targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) with a platform of 68 lung cancer-related genes was conducted in 139 cases, and the mutational spectrum was summarized. Results STAS was identified in 391 female and 481 male patients, of which ADC accounted for the majority of cases (92.6%). The concomitant solid or micropapillary subtype was observed in 92.12% patients with ADC. Poorly differentiated histological subtypes were more frequent and negatively correlated with tumor size in smaller tumor cases (P=0.036, Pearson’s R=−0.075). Furthermore, in the subgroup of nodules within 3 cm, the distribution of the solid and micropapillary subtypes were significantly frequent in lymph node-positive patients (P<0.001). Tumor protein p53 (TP53) alterations were more frequent in smoking patients (27.6%, P=0.007), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations were more common in female (10.8%, P=0.025), while Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) (20.3%, P=0.024) and TP53 (45.9%, P=0.003) were more prevalent in males. Conclusions Poorly differentiated histological subtypes likely played a crucial role in promoting the invasiveness of STAS, especially in small tumor-size cases. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), TP53, KARS, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) were the five most frequent alterations in STAS-positive ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Statistical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Ning
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zenan Gu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Burks JD, Elarjani T, Jamshidi AM, Govindarajan V, Levi AD. Vertebral multiple myeloma with pathological fracture: the most common etiology for emergency spine surgery in patients with no cancer diagnosis on admission. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E2. [PMID: 33932927 DOI: 10.3171/2021.2.focus201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vertebral compression fractures are common in multiple myeloma (MM). Modern treatment paradigms place emphasis on treatment with radiation, with surgery reserved for cases involving frank instability or severe neural compression. However, experience at the authors' institution has led them to suspect a more prominent role for surgical intervention in some settings. The authors undertook the present study to better understand the incidence of MM in undiagnosed patients who require urgent surgery for pathological vertebral fracture. METHODS The authors reviewed a prospectively collected database of all patients who underwent surgery with the senior author at their main hospital between June 1, 1998, and June 30, 2020. Patients admitted from the emergency room or after transfer from another hospital who then underwent surgery for pathological fracture during the same admission were included in the final analysis. Patients scheduled for elective surgery and those with previous cancer diagnoses were excluded. RESULTS Forty-three patients were identified as having undergone urgent surgical decompression and/or stabilization for pathological fracture. Histopathology confirmed diagnosis of MM in 22 (51%) patients, lung metastasis in 5 (12%) patients, and breast metastasis in 4 (9%) patients. Twelve (28%) patients were diagnosed with other types of metastatic carcinoma or undifferentiated disease. Sixteen of 29 (55%) men and 6 of 14 (42%) women were diagnosed with MM (p = 0.02). Seventeen of 34 (50%) patients who underwent surgery for neurological deficit, 5 of 6 (83%) patients who underwent surgery for spinal instability, and 0 (0%) patients who underwent surgery for pain with impending spinal cord injury were diagnosed with MM (p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS A majority of patients presenting to the authors' hospital with no history of malignancy who required urgent surgery for pathological compression fracture were found to have MM or plasmacytoma. This disease process may affect a significant portion of patients requiring decompressive or stabilizing surgery for compression fracture in academic medical centers.
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Hockin-Boyers H, Warin M. Women, Exercise, and Eating Disorder Recovery: The Normal and the Pathological. Qual Health Res 2021; 31:1029-1042. [PMID: 33593178 PMCID: PMC8114432 DOI: 10.1177/1049732321992042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate form, regularity, and intensity of exercise for individuals recovering from eating disorders is not agreed upon among health care professionals or researchers. When exercise is permitted, it is that which is mindful, embodied, and non-competitive that is considered normative. Using Canguilhem's concepts of "the normal and the pathological" as a theoretical frame, we examine the gendered assumptions that shape medical understandings of "healthy" and "dysfunctional" exercise in the context of recovery. The data set for this article comes from longitudinal semi-structured interviews with 19 women in the United Kingdom who engaged in weightlifting during their eating disorder recovery. We argue that women in recovery navigate multiple and conflicting value systems regarding exercise. Faced with aspects of exercise that are pathologized within the eating disorder literature (such as structure/routine, body transformations, and affect regulation), women re-inscribe positive value to these experiences, thus establishing exercise practices that serve them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Warin
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Davidowitz EJ, Krishnamurthy PK, Lopez P, Jimenez H, Adrien L, Davies P, Moe JG. In Vivo Validation of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Tau Self-Association in htau Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:147-161. [PMID: 31771053 PMCID: PMC6957711 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tau oligomers have been shown to transmit tau pathology from diseased neurons to healthy neurons through seeding, tau misfolding, and aggregation that is thought to play an influential role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. To develop a small molecule therapeutic for AD and related tauopathies, we have developed in vitro and cellular assays to select molecules inhibiting the first step in tau aggregation, the self-association of tau into oligomers. In vivo validation studies of an optimized lead compound were independently performed in the htau mouse model of tauopathy that expresses the human isoforms of tau without inherited tauopathy mutations that are irrelevant to AD. Treated mice did not show any adverse events related to the compound. The lead compound significantly reduced the level of self-associated tau and total and phosphorylated insoluble tau aggregates. The dose response was linear with respect to levels of compound in the brain. A confirmatory study was performed with male htau mice that gave consistent results. The results validated our screening approach by showing that targeting tau self-association can inhibit the entire tau aggregation pathway by using the selected and optimized lead compound whose activity translated from in vitro and cellular assays to an in vivo model of tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heidy Jimenez
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Leslie Adrien
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Peter Davies
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Abstract
Pathological narcissism is characterized by impaired interpersonal functioning, but few studies have examined the impact of the disorder on those living in a close relationship. Participants (N = 683; comprising romantic partners [77.8%], mothers [8.5%] or other family members [10%]) in a close relationship with a relative with pathological narcissism completed measures assessing levels of grief, burden, mental health, and coping style. Participants' reported burden was over 1.5 standard deviations above comparison carers of people with mood, neurotic, or psychotic disorders, and higher than carers of people with borderline personality disorder. Similarly, caseness for depression (69% of sample) or anxiety disorders (82%) in the sample was high. Relationship type, subtype expression (vulnerable/grandiose), and coping style were all found to significantly relate to experienced psychopathology. Although limitations exist regarding sample selection that may influence interpretation of results, these findings quantify the significant interpersonal impact of pathological narcissism in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J S Day
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marianne E Bourke
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michelle L Townsend
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Brin F S Grenyer
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
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Nururrozi A, Yanuartono Y, Widyarini S, Ramandani D, Indarjulianto S. Clinical and pathological features of aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in broilers. Vet World 2020; 13:2787-2792. [PMID: 33487999 PMCID: PMC7811560 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2787-2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous pathogen causing aspergillosis in poultry. This research aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of aspergillosis infection in broilers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. fumigatus infection was induced experimentally by intra-air sac inoculation of a 1.7×108 spore suspension into broilers. Infected and non-infected birds were closely observed for the development of clinical signs of infection twice daily. Pathological samples were collected 5, 14, and 30 days post-infection (dpi) and examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS A total of 160 birds were included in this study. Clinical signs emerged at 3 dpi and became consistent at 5 dpi. A considerable decrease in severity and number of birds showing infection symptoms followed. The clinical signs of aspergillosis included anorexia (n=40; 50%), lethargy (n=32; 40%), dyspnea (n=38; 48%), and gasping (n=29; 36%). Macroscopic changes in the air sacs at 3 dpi included the development of minor lesions showing cloudiness, slight membrane thickening, and local exudates. Histopathological examination of the air sacs collected at 3 dpi indicated local inflammation surrounded by hyphae and spores. At 5 dpi, infected birds developed nodules, necrosis, and parenchymal consolidation of the lungs. Pulmonary changes, such as bronchopneumonia, spores, septate hyphae, and mild granulomatous inflammation, were also observed. At 14 dpi, multiple caseous nodules and plaques were found in the air sacs; plaque and necrosis in large areas of the lungs and severe multifocal granulomatous inflammation were noted. CONCLUSION The clinical symptoms of aspergillosis emerged at 3 dpi and gradually decreased beginning at 7 dpi. Similar pathological changes were observed in the air sacs and lungs. The results of this work provide additional information on the pathogenesis of aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfarisa Nururrozi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yanuartono Yanuartono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sitarina Widyarini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dhasia Ramandani
- Department of Bioresource and Veterinary Technology, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Soedarmanto Indarjulianto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Shen G, Wu L, Zhao J, Wei B, Zhou X, Zhuo X, Dong Q. Imaging and Pathology Study of the Chemotherapy Regression Area of Hepatoblastoma - A Prospective Single-Center Study. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:307-316. [PMID: 31448676 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1652375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of no residual cancer tissue in the chemotherapy regression area (CRA) of hepatoblastoma after preoperative chemotherapy and to measure the distance between the tumor capsule and the residual cancer nests. Methods: All the tissues in the CRAs of the resected specimens were excised. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to determine the frequency of residual cancer tissue in the CRA, and the distances between the residual cancer nests and the tumor capsule were measured. Results: A total of 30 patients were included in the study. The tumor volume decreased after chemotherapy by an average of 619 ml. Of the 30 patients, the CRAs of 18 still had residual cancer nests. The longest distance between the residual cancer nest and tumor capsule was 11.2 mm. Conclusions: After chemotherapy, 60% of patients still had residual cancer nests in CRAs, the furthest distance was 11.2 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shen
- Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Weifang People's Hospital, Pediatric Surgery, Weifang, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Pathology Group of Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianjun Zhou
- Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhuo
- Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China.,Shandong College Collaborative Innovation Center of Digital Medicine in Clinical Treatment and Nutrition Health, Qingdao, China
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Dai LL, Yang XX, Zhao HW, Han Q, Chen Y. [Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in gingiva: a case report]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 38:343-346. [PMID: 32573146 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As an aggressive subtype of squamous cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) rarely occurs in the oral and maxillofacial region. The gingiva is an unusual site of BSCC. This study reported a 78-year-old male who presented with left maxillary pain. Clinical examination revealed a gingival mass in the left maxilla. Under microscope, the lesion showed typical comedo necrosis and peripheral palisading. Areas of glandular-like structures were also observed. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the Ki-67 score of BSCC in this case was 28%, and S-100 was positive in some areas. However, P16 and CK7 were negative. Finally, a diagnosis of BSCC was made based on the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. The patient underwent subtotal maxillectomy. After 12 months later, the patient was alive with no evidence of disease. Combined with relevant literature, this article analyzed the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BSCC. Although surgery remains the main treatment in the head and neck region, radiation-chemotherapy should be considered in some human papilloma virus-positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Mosad SM, El-Gohary FA, Ali HS, El-Sharkawy H, Elmahallawy EK. Pathological and Molecular Characterization of H5 Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry Flocks from Egypt over a Ten-Year Period (2009-2019). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061010. [PMID: 32527004 PMCID: PMC7341251 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian influenza virus (H5) remains one of the challenging zoonotic viruses in Egypt. Our study investigated the occurrence of this virus among chickens from Dakhalia governorate, Egypt over ten years through histopathological examination and molecular characterization of the virus. The molecular characterization was followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the positive samples. Importantly, we have reported several interesting pathological changes and high occurrence of the H5 avian influenza virus, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that positive samples were aligned with several Egyptian sub clades. Clearly, our study concludes the widespread of the virus among poultry flocks in Egypt and suggests further future research aims to develop an efficient surveillance program with investigation into the effectiveness of the implemented control measures for controlling this disease of public health concern. Abstract Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains one of the enzootic zoonotic diseases that challenges the poultry industry in Egypt. In the present study, a total of 500 tissue samples were collected from 100 chicken farms (broilers and layers) suspected to be infected with AIV through the period from 2009 to 2019 from Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. These samples were pooled in 100 working samples and screened for AIV then the positive samples were subjected to histopathological examination combined with real time-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). RRT-PCR positive samples were also subjected to conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of H5 AIV and some of these resulting positive samples were sequenced for detection of the molecular nature of the studied virus. Interestingly, the histopathological examination revealed necrotic liver with leukocytic infiltration with degenerative changes with necrotic pancreatitis, edema, and intense lymphoid depletion of splenic tissue and hyperplastic tracheal epithelium. Likewise, edema and congested sub mucosal blood vessels and intense bronchial necrosis with hyalinized wall vascular wall and heterophils infiltration were reported. Pneumonic areas with intense leukocytic aggregation mainly and vasculitis of the pulmonary blood vessels were also detected in lung. Collectively, these significant pathological changes in examined tissues cohered with AIV infection. Regarding the molecular characterization, 66 samples were positive for AIV by RRT-PCR and 52 of them were positive for H5 AIV by RT-PCR. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H5 viruses identified in this study were aligned with other Egyptian H5N1 AIVs in the Egyptian sub clade 2.2.1, while some of the identified strains were aligned with other Egyptian H5N8 strains in the new Egyptian sub clade 2.3.4.4. Taken together, our present findings emphasize the wide spread of AIV in Egypt and the importance of developing an efficient surveillance and periodical screening program for controlling such disease of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mosad Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Fatma A. El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hanaa Said Ali
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hanem El-Sharkawy
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Wetselaar P, Wetselaar-Glas MJM, Katzer LD, Ahlers MO. Diagnosing tooth wear, a new taxonomy based on the revised version of the Tooth Wear Evaluation System (TWES 2.0). J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:703-712. [PMID: 32274827 PMCID: PMC7384115 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the loss of dental hard tissues. Physiological tooth wear is a slow process that normally does not lead to any subjective symptoms. When the condition progresses, it can become pathological, and several signs and symptoms may occur. The Tooth Wear Evaluation System (TWES) was described to implement a systematic diagnostic and management approach. Recently, management guidelines were presented in a European Consensus Statement (ECS) as well. Objectives To evaluate the TWES in practice and to integrate the principles described in the ECS in order to compose a renewed TWES 2.0 and a new taxonomy. Methods The TWES and the recommendations of the ECS were used by dental clinicians, in order to test its applicability in practice. Results Agreement was reached that the TWES 2.0 will use a stepwise approach, with a straightforward Tooth Wear Screening part and a more detailed Tooth Wear Status part. Also, the assessment of pathology from the ECS is incorporated in the TWES 2.0 (both classification and taxonomy). Conclusions In the TWES 2.0 is described that tooth wear is pathological if moderate/severe/extreme tooth wear is present, in combination with one or several described signs and symptoms. Aetiology can be assessed by findings that indicate a chemical and/or a mechanical cause. The taxonomy may help to identify situations in which preventive (restorative) interventions in early stages of tooth wear can be indicated. The reliability and validity of the adapted parts must be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wetselaar
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda J M Wetselaar-Glas
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Oliver Ahlers
- CMD-Centrum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Centre for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Pitz V, Malek N, Tobias ES, Grosset KA, Gentleman S, Grosset DG. The Levodopa Response Varies in Pathologically Confirmed Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:218-222. [PMID: 32071945 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A good response to levodopa is a key feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), and a poor response suggests an alternative diagnosis, but the extent of variation in the levodopa response in definite PD is not well defined. Literature Review A systematic review of articles reporting pathologically confirmed PD and levodopa responsiveness from 1971 to 2018 was performed using the medical subheadings "postmortem," "Parkinson's disease," "levodopa," and "l-dopa" in PubMed, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases. Cases A total of 12 articles described 445 PD cases: 61.7% male, age at disease onset 64.0 years (SD 9.6), age at death 77.1 years (SD 7.2). Levodopa responsiveness was reported in 399 cases (89.7%) either as a graded or a binary response. In the 280 cases (70.2%) describing a graded response, it was excellent in 37.5%, good in 45.7%, moderate in 12.1%, and poor in 4.6%. In the 119 cases describing a binary response (29.8%), 73.1% were levodopa responsive, and 26.9% were nonresponsive. Comorbid brain pathology was present in 137 of 235 cases assessed, being cerebrovascular in 46.0% and Alzheimer's disease in 37.2% of these, but its contribution to levodopa responsiveness was unclear. Conclusions The levodopa motor response varies in definite PD. Explanations other than diagnostic inaccuracy should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Malek
- Department of Neurology Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust Ipswich United Kingdom
| | - Edward S Tobias
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Genetics Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Grosset
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Steve Gentleman
- Department of Medicine Imperial College London London United Kingdom
| | - Donald G Grosset
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow United Kingdom
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Adilgereyeva AS, Abdelazim IA, Zhurabekova GA. Clinical and pathological features of women with adnexal masses admitted as emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan University. Prz Menopauzalny 2019; 18:180-3. [PMID: 31975986 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2019.90377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the study To detect the clinical and pathological features of women with adnexal masses (AMs) admitted as emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan University. Material and methods A retrospective analysis of the data of women with AMs admitted as an emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan University. The collected data include: age, age of menarche and age of menopause, presenting symptoms, admission criteria – either self-referral or refereed from another department, ultrasound findings, associated pregnancy, associated pathology of the female genital tract, and post-operative histological results of surgically excised AMs (gold standard). Results 77.04% (245/318) of the studied AMs were found in the reproductive age group. The main causes for surgical intervention for the studied AMs was ruptured ovarian cyst in 27.1% or adnexal torsion in 9.7%. The available histological results of the surgically managed AMs showed the following: functional ovarian cyst in 36.2% (115/318), benign ovarian neoplasms (BONs) in 18.55% (59/318), and borderline malignant ovarian tumours in 0.63% (2/318). 44.34% of the studied AMs were associated with pregnancy, 49.3% with chronic tubo-ovarain diseases such as salpingo-oophoritis, 14.8% with cervical pathology and pelvic inflammatory diseases, 11.3% with uterine leiomyomas, and 4.4% with endometrial hyperplasia. Conclusions AMs were more common in the reproductive age group (77.04%), and 44.34% of the studied AMs were associated with pregnancy. The main causes of surgical intervention for the studied AMs were ruptured ovarian cyst in 27.1% or adnexal torsion in 9.7%.
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Chia KY, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM. Single-chain Fv Antibodies for Targeting Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 17:671-679. [PMID: 29546836 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180315161626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Protein misfolding and aggregation have been considered the common pathological hallmarks for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). These abnormal proteins aggregates damage mitochondria and induce oxidative stress, resulting in neuronal cell death. Prolonged neuronal damage activates microglia and astrocytes, development of inflammation reaction and further promotes neurodegeneration. Thus, elimination of abnormal protein aggregates without eliciting any adverse effects are the main treatment strategies. To overcome this, recent studies have deployed single- chain fragment variable antibodies (scFvs) to target the pathological protein aggregates, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, α-synuclein (α-syn) and Huntingtin (Htt). To date scFv has been effective at inhibiting abnormal protein aggregates formation in both in vitro and in vivo model system of AD, PD and HD. CONCLUSION Currently active research is still ongoing to improve the scFv gene delivery technology, to further enhance brain penetration, intracellular stability, solubility and efficacy of scFv intrabody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Yen Chia
- Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Phasha MAN, Soma P, Pretorius E, Phulukdaree A. Coagulopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathological Mechanisms and the Role of Factor XIII-A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:446-455. [PMID: 30706822 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190130113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has quadrupled within three decades since 1980, affecting 422 million adults in 2016. It remains one of the most common noncommunicable chronic diseases and the underlying risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide. There are different underlying mechanisms that play a role in the development of pathologies associated with the disease such as hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, obesity, inflammation and hypercoagulation; each of which are interlinked. Hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and obesity play a huge role in the activation of inflammation and coagulation. Activation of inflammatory pathways increases the production of thrombin which predisposes the development of thrombotic related diseases. One of the factors that contribute to the increase of thrombin is the impairment of the fibrinolysis process due to decreased expression of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) by increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), a transglutaminase that is composed of subunits A and B (FXIII-A2B2), is essential for the last step of fibrin clot formation in the coagulation pathway. Genetic variation of FXIII-A in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alters the activity of FXIII, altering clot properties which influence disease outcomes. This review discusses the link between underlying mechanisms of T2DM, well known FXIII-A variants and coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marry-Ann Ntanyane Phasha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Prashilla Soma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Science, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alia Phulukdaree
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Wang D, Wu C, Gao J, Zhao S, Ma X, Wei B, Feng L, Wang Y, Xue X. Comparative study of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis with multiple nodules or masses by CT and pathology. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4437-4444. [PMID: 30542394 PMCID: PMC6257807 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The manifestations of pulmonary cryptococcosis with multiple nodules or masses on computed tomography (CT) are diverse and difficult to differentiate from those of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. The present study compared the multislice spiral CT signs with pathological results and used the pathological results to explain the CT signs with the aim of improving the accuracy of the diagnosis of this disease. A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with primary pulmonary cryptococcosis with multiple nodules or masses was performed. Based on the CT signs, eight patients had been misdiagnosed with lung cancer accompanied by intrapulmonary metastasis andthree patients had been misdiagnosed with tuberculosis. The major CT manifestations were a cluster of nodules or masses located within 2 cm below the pleura and distributed along the bronchi. A total of nine patients had primary lesions with diameters of 1.1–2.0 cm and 12 patients had satellite lesions with diameters of 0.1–1.0 cm. Regarding treatment, 5 patients underwent surgical monotherapy, 12 patients underwent antifungal monotherapy and three patients received surgery in combination with antifungal therapy. HE staining indicated that Cryptococcus neoformans was engulfed by macrophages, which were surrounded by massive infiltrating lymphocytes and a large amount of fibrous tissue, which formed multinucleated macrophages or granulomas. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was positive and acid fast staining was negative. In conclusion, comparison of CT signs with the pathological manifestation of pulmonary cryptococcosis with multiple nodules or masses indicated that the pathological results may explain certain imaging signs. Combination of CT and pathological examination may provide a deeper understanding of this disease and improve the accuracy of its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Department of CT Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Chongchong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Shaohong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Xidong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Disease, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Limin Feng
- Department of CT Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of CT Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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Cortés-Cerda R, Mora-Ríos FG, Insunza-Ramírez A, Mejía-Rohenes LC, Ruiz-Alva SK, Pérez García CK. [Benign tumors that cause fractures in children]. Acta Ortop Mex 2018; 32:283-286. [PMID: 30726590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A pathological fracture is defined as that which occurs through an abnormal bone. Approximately 20,000 benign neoplasms of the musculoskeletal system are diagnosed each year. Often the pain of the fracture is the first symptom of a pathological process in the bone. The site, age and radiographic appearance create a differential diagnosis for pathological fractures that remains broad. The clinical examination evaluates the condition of the skin, palpating any tissue mass and determining if there are local inflammatory signs such as erythema, heat or edema. The biopsy is highly recommended to confirm the diagnosis of a pathological fracture. OBJECTIVE To determine which benign bone tumors and pseudotumoral lesions produce fractures in childrens bones more frequently in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional retrospective study, review of records of patients with diagnosis of pathological fracture, attended in the period from March 2013 to March 2017, were reviewed. Results: The benign tumors that caused fractures in previously damaged areas were: aneurysmal bone cyst 13, enchondroma 5, osteoid osteoma 3, giant cell tumor 2. CONCLUSION At our institution, aneurysmal bone cysts were the benign tumors that most frequently produce pathological fractures in children, with predominance in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cortés-Cerda
- Hospital Regional «Ignacio Zaragoza», Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México. México
| | - F G Mora-Ríos
- Hospital Regional «Ignacio Zaragoza», Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México. México
| | | | - L C Mejía-Rohenes
- Hospital Regional «Ignacio Zaragoza», Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México. México
| | - S K Ruiz-Alva
- Hospital Regional «Ignacio Zaragoza», Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México. México
| | - C K Pérez García
- Hospital Regional «Ignacio Zaragoza», Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México. México
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41
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Ata EB, Mahmoud MAEF, Madboli AA. Molecular detection and immuno pathological examination of Deltapapillomavirus 4 in skin and udder of Egyptian cattle. Vet World 2018; 11:915-920. [PMID: 30147259 PMCID: PMC6097563 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.915-920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are the main cause of bovine papillomatosis resulting in cutaneous and/or mucosal benign tumors that could be transformed to malignant ones with marked economic importance, especially in the dairy farms. Molecular, pathological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnosis of bovine papillomatosis cases was conducted to identify and characterize the circulating BPV genotype in some Egyptian governorates. Materials and Methods Wart-like lesions in skin, udder, and teats were collected from 123 infected cases in Giza, Beni Suef, and El Menoufia Governorates, Egypt, during 2016-2017. Pathological and IHC characterization, molecular identification, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis based on the conserved late (L1) gene of the all samples were carried out. Results 89 of the 123 collected samples (72.3%) were positively detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequence analysis of the obtained PCR amplicons was identical revealing identification and genotyping of only one type (Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate EGY 2017) with accession number (MG547343) which found to be closely related to the recently detected Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate 04_asi_UK (accession no. MF384288.1) and isolate Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate 25_equ_CH (accession no. MF384286.1) with 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Histopathological examination revealed severe hyperkeratosis in stratum corneum and acanthosis in most of the cases. These tissue changes were confirmed by the presence of golden brown stained proliferating cell nuclear antigen which was localized intranuclear and perinuclear in other cells using IHC Technique. Conclusion It is the first time to detect and genotype the BPVs in these areas with no record of previous genotyping in the whole country. The obtained results will highlight the importance of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Beshir Ata
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gynecomastia may occur physiologically in the neonatal period, during puberty, and in old age. It may also develop in association with various pathologic states. The challenge for the physician is to distinguish physiological gynecomastia from those with an underlying pathology. OBJECTIVE To review in depth the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of gynecomastia. METHOD A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "gynecomastia". Patents were searched using the key term "gynecomastia" from www.google.com/patents, www.uspto.gov, and www.freepatentsonline.com. RESULTS Gynecomastia is caused by an imbalance between the stimulatory effect of estrogen and the inhibitory effect of androgen at the breast tissue level. Clinically, gynecomastia is characterized by the presence of a firm or rubbery, discrete, subareolar ridge of glandular tissue that is symmetrical in shape, freely movable, and nonadherent to skin or underlying tissue. Since most cases of physiological gynecomastia regress spontaneously with time, reassurance is all that is necessary. For pathological gynecomastia, treatment should be directed at the underlying cause, if possible. If gynecomastia persists in spite of the above measures, pharmacologic therapy and reduction mammoplasty may be considered. Recent patents related to the management of gynecomastia are discussed. CONCLUSION The majority of cases are physiological and do not require treatment other than reassurance. For pathological cases, the underlying cause should be treated if possible. If gynecomastia persists in spite of the above measures and treatment becomes necessary, tamoxifen is the treatment of choice. Reduction mammoplasty may be considered for resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, #200, 233 - 16th Avenue NW, Calgary, Alberta. Canada
| | - Alexander A C Leung
- Departments of Medicine, Community Health Sciences, and Oncology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. Canada
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Wen L, Tan Y, Dai S, Zhu Y, Meng T, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Yuan H, Hu F. VEGF-mediated tight junctions pathological fenestration enhances doxorubicin-loaded glycolipid-like nanoparticles traversing BBB for glioblastoma-targeting therapy. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1843-1855. [PMID: 29182025 PMCID: PMC8241127 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1386731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly hindered the penetration and accumulation of chemotherapeutics into glioblastoma (GBM), accompany with poor therapeutic effects. The growth of GBM supervene the impairment of tight junctions (TJs); however, the pathogenesis of BBB breakdown in GBM is essentially poorly understood. This study found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by GBM cells plays an important role in increasing the permeability of BBB by disrupting endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5 and thus gave doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded glycolipid-like nanoparticles (Ap-CSSA/DOX), an effective entrance to brain tumor region for GBM-targeting therapy. In addition, VEGF downregulates the expression of claudin-5 with a dose-dependent mode, and interfering with the VEGF/VEGFR pathway using its inhibitor axitinib could reduce the permeability of BBB and enhance the integrity of the barrier. Ap-CSSA/DOX nanoparticles showed high affinity to expressed low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 1 (LRP1) in both BBB and GBM. And BBB pathological fenestration in GBM further exposed more LRP1 binding sites for Ap-CSSA/DOX nanoparticles targeting to brain tumor, resulting in a higher transmembrane transport ratio in vitro and a stronger brain tumor biodistribution in vivo, and finally realizing a considerable antitumor effect. Overall, taking advantage of BBB pathological features to design an appropriate nanodrug delivery system (NDDS) might provide new insights into other central nervous system (CNS) diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suhuan Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the pathological characteristics of rheumatic mitral valve disease in Chinese patients and formulate a pathological grading system to identify cases suitable for rheumatic mitral valve repair (rMVP). Methods Nearly 5 years of follow-up data on patients who underwent rMVP were analysed. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve for freedom from reoperation and valve failure was constructed. A pathological grading system of rheumatic mitral valve lesions (PGSRMVL) was developed based on the pathological characteristics of rheumatic mitral valve disease and tested by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve analysis. Predictors of endpoints for rheumatic repair were analysed. Results From January 2012 to June 2016, 179 patients underwent rMVP in our centre. The mean follow-up duration was 24±14 months. A left atrial anterior and posterior diameter >60 mm was an independent predictor for the 16 endpoints [hazard ratio (HR) =3.884, P=0.029]. Between 2015 and 2016, 126 consecutive pathological characteristics of rheumatic mitral valve were evaluated (61 and 65 repair and replacement cases, respectively). The ROCs area under the curve was 0.891 for the correlation between the pathological score and successful repair (cut-off point, 17.5; sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 85.2%). Seven lesions had higher ratios in the replacement group than the repair group. Commissural fusion/calcification and main chordae tendineae fusion/calcification were the most common severe pathological lesions. Conclusions The main pathological characteristics of rheumatic mitral valve disease in Chinese patients are commissure and sub-valvular apparatus lesions. Most patients can be appropriately treated via commissurotomy and leaflet thinning. Severe calcification of the commissure and sub-valvular apparatus can considerably decrease the odds of a successful repair. The median follow-up results of rheumatic mitral repair are considered satisfactory for the pathological characteristics in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Luo
- Cardiac Valve Center, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Han
- Cardiac Valve Center, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu Meng
- Cardiac Valve Center, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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Hillebrand J, Martens S, Hoffmeier A. Giant Left Atrial Myxoma: Cause for Position-Dependent Nocturnal Dyspnea and Cardiac Murmur. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Rep 2017; 6:e1-e2. [PMID: 28217430 PMCID: PMC5313258 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary tumors of the heart are rare. The majority of them are benign, the left atrial myxoma being the most frequent one. Clinical appearance varies from unapparent to life-threatening complications such as stroke, acute heart failure, or even sudden death. Diagnosis and consecutive surgical treatment strongly depend on the clinical symptoms, but their extent does not correlate with the risk for serious complications. Therefore, patients with variable clinical presentation can be especially endangered. Consequent diagnostic and immediate operative therapy is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hillebrand
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of the Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sven Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of the Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoffmeier
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of the Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Qiu ZX, Cheng Y, Liu D, Wang WY, Wu X, Wu WL, Li WM. Clinical, pathological, and radiological characteristics of solitary ground-glass opacity lung nodules on high-resolution computed tomography. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1445-1453. [PMID: 27703366 PMCID: PMC5036641 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung nodules are being detected at an increasing rate year by year with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) being widely used. Ground-glass opacity nodule is one of the special types of pulmonary nodules that is confirmed to be closely associated with early stage of lung cancer. Very little is known about solitary ground-glass opacity nodules (SGGNs). In this study, we analyzed the clinical, pathological, and radiological characteristics of SGGNs on HRCT. Methods A total of 95 resected SGGNs were evaluated with HRCT scan. The clinical, pathological, and radiological characteristics of these cases were analyzed. Results Eighty-one adenocarcinoma and 14 benign nodules were observed. The nodules included 12 (15%) adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 14 (17%) minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and 55 (68%) invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). No patients with recurrence till date have been identified. The positive expression rates of anaplastic lymphoma kinase and ROS-1 (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS) were only 2.5% and 8.6%, respectively. The specificity and accuracy of HRCT of invasive lung adenocarcinoma were 85.2% and 87.4%. The standard uptake values of only two patients determined by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were above 2.5. The size, density, shape, and pleural tag of nodules were significant factors that differentiated IA from AIS and MIA. Moreover, the size, shape, margin, pleural tag, vascular cluster, bubble-like sign, and air bronchogram of nodules were significant determinants for mixed ground-glass opacity nodules (all P<0.05). Conclusion We analyzed the clinical, pathological, and radiological characteristics of SGGNs on HRCT and found that the size, density, shape, and pleural tag of SGGNs on HRCT are found to be the determinant factors of IA. In conclusion, detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression and performance of PET/CT scan are not routinely recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | - Wei-Ya Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lu Wu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Janssen SJ, Teunis T, Hornicek FJ, van Dijk CN, Bramer JAM, Schwab JH. Outcome after fixation of metastatic proximal femoral fractures: A systematic review of 40 studies. J Surg Oncol 2016; 114:507-19. [PMID: 27374478 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoprosthetic reconstruction, intramedullary nailing, and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) are the most commonly practiced surgical strategies for treatment of metastatic proximal femoral fractures. This review describes functional outcome, local, and systemic complications. All three surgical strategies result in reasonable function on average; however, wide ranges indicate that both poor and good functional levels are obtained. We found that the overall reoperation rate was comparable for endoprosthesis and intramedullary nailing, but was higher for ORIF. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:507-519. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stein J Janssen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teun Teunis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C Niek van Dijk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A M Bramer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Saibaba B, Sen RK, Sharma M, Nahar U. Pathological fracture dislocation of the acetabulum in a patient with neurofibromatosis-1. Indian J Orthop 2016; 50:103-7. [PMID: 26955185 PMCID: PMC4759865 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.173524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal neurofibromatosis (NF) commonly manifests as scoliosis and tibial dysplasias. NF affecting the pelvic girdle is extremely rare. Pathological fracture of the acetabulum leading to anterior hip dislocation in a patient with NF-1 has never been reported in the literature. The paper presents the clinical symptomatology, the course of management and the successful outcome of such a rare case of NF-1. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies showing abundant spindle cells, which are S-100 positive and of neural origin are the classical hallmarks of neurofibromatous lesions. Tumor resection and iliofemoral arthrodesis can be considered as a valid option in young patients with pathological fracture dislocation of the acetabulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Saibaba
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Balaji Saibaba, Department of Orhtopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India. E-mail:
| | - Ramesh Kumar Sen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar
- Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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49
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Abstract
The genus Henipavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae includes the Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) which were discovered in the 1990s in Australia and Malaysia, respectively, after emerging to cause severe and often fatal outbreaks in humans and animals. While HeV is confined to Australia, more recent NiV outbreaks have been reported in Bangladesh, India and the Philippines. The clinical manifestations of both henipaviruses in humans appear similar, with a predominance of an acute encephalitic syndrome. Likewise, the pathological features are similar and characterized by disseminated, multi-organ vasculopathy comprising endothelial infection/ulceration, vasculitis, vasculitis-induced thrombosis/occlusion, parenchymal ischemia/microinfarction, and parenchymal cell infection in the central nervous system (CNS), lung, kidney and other major organs. This unique dual pathogenetic mechanism of vasculitis-induced microinfarction and neuronal infection causes severe tissue damage in the CNS. Both viruses can also cause relapsing encephalitis months and years after the acute infection. Many animal models studied to date have largely confirmed the pathology of henipavirus infection, and provided the means to test new therapeutic agents and vaccines. As the bat is the natural host of henipaviruses and has worldwide distribution, spillover events into human populations are expected to occur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Chai Ong
- Department of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Kum Thong Wong
- Department ofPathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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50
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Kawano S, Kojima M, Higuchi Y, Sugimoto M, Ikeda K, Sakuyama N, Takahashi S, Hayashi R, Ochiai A, Saito N. Assessment of elasticity of colorectal cancer tissue, clinical utility, pathological and phenotypical relevance. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1232-9. [PMID: 26083008 PMCID: PMC4582994 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, cancer tissue is palpated as a hard mass. However, the elastic nature of cancer tissue is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical utility of measuring the elastic modulus (EM) in colorectal cancer tissue. Using a tactile sensor, we measured the EM of 106 surgically resected colorectal cancer tissues. Data on the EM were compared with clinicopathological findings, including stromal features represented by Azan staining and the α-SMA positive area ratio of the tumor area. Finally, a cDNA microarray profile of the tumors with high EM were compared with the findings of tumors with low EM. A higher EM in tumors was associated with pathological T, N, and M-stage tumors (P < 0.001, P = 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Patients with high EM tumors had shorter disease-free survival than had patients with low EM. The EM showed strongly positive correlation with the Azan staining positive area ratio (r = 0.908) and the α-SMA positive area ratio (r = 0.921). Finally, the cDNA microarray data of the tumors with high EM revealed a distinct gene expression profile compared with data from those tumors with low EM. The assessment of the elasticity of colorectal cancer tissue may allow a more accurate clinical stage and prognosis estimation. The distinct phenotypical features of the high EM tumors and their strong association with stromal features suggest the existence of a biological mechanism involved in this phenomenon that may contribute to future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kawano
- Department of Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.,Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Higuchi
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motokazu Sugimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Department of Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakuyama
- Department of Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takahashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hayashi
- Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norio Saito
- Department of Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
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