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Xu C, He Z, Song Y, Shao S, Yang G, Zhao J. Atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis. Front Med 2023; 17:1-17. [PMID: 36849623 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions. However, a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs. Each pituitary gland-derived hormone exhibits a wide range of nonconventional biological effects in these non-classical target organs. Herein, the extra biological functions of pituitary hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin when they act on non-classical organs were summarized, defined by the novel concept of an "atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis." This novel proposal explains the pathomechanisms of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, hypertension, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis while offering a more comprehensive and systematic insights into the coordinated regulation of environmental factors, genetic factors, and neuroendocrine hormones on human biological functions. The continued exploration of the physiology of the "atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis" could enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Chen JF, Weng WZ, Huang M, Peng XH, Zhang J, Xiong J, He JR, Zhang SQ, Cao HJ, Gao B, Lin DN, Gao J, Gao ZL, Lin BL. The impact of serum thyroid-stimulation hormone levels on the outcome of hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure: an observational study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:330. [PMID: 35799116 PMCID: PMC9260984 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in severe liver diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of serum thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) levels on the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).
Methods This retrospective cohort study included 1,862 patients with HBV-related ACLF. Risk factors associated with 30-day and 90-day survival, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for TSH were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. The Area Under the ROC curve (AUROC) analysis was carried out, and the cut-off values were calculated. After grouping by the cut-off value, survival was compared between the groups using the log-rank test. This study data is from the “Survival Cohort Study (SCS)”, which has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03992898). Results Multivariate analysis indicated that an elevated TSH level was a highly significant predictor for 30-day survival (HR = 0.743, 95% CI: 0.629–0.878, P < 0.001) and 90-day survival (HR = 0.807, 95% CI: 0.717–0.909, P < 0.001). The AUROC of TSH level for 30-day and 90-day mortality were 0.655 and 0.620, respectively, with the same best cut-off values of 0.261 µIU/mL. Log-rank test showed that the group with higher TSH level had higher 30-day (78.5%, 95% CI: 76.1%-80.9% vs. 56.9%, 95% CI: 53.4%-60.4%; P < 0.001) and 90-day survival rate (61.5%, 95% CI: 58.6%-64.4% vs. 42.8%, 95% CI: 39.3%-46.3%; P < 0.001). Similar findings were observed in subgroups analysis. After adjusting for age and other risk factors, the higher level of TSH remained associated with 30-day survival (HR = 0.602, 95% CI: 0.502–0.721, P < 0.001) and 90-day survival (HR = 0.704, 95% CI, 0.609–0.814, P < 0.001). Conclusions Serum TSH level significantly correlate with HBV-related ACLF patients’ survival and may be of value for predicting 30-day and 90-day survival of patients with HBV-related ACLF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02406-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Nursing, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jian-Rong He
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, London, OX26HG, UK
| | - Shao-Quan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hui-Juan Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Deng-Na Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Liang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe Area, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Chen B, Lei S, Yin X, Fei M, Hu Y, Shi Y, Xu Y, Fu L. Mitochondrial Respiration Inhibition Suppresses Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/Cyclin D1 Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900444. [PMID: 35865479 PMCID: PMC9295996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, but little is known regarding PTC metabolic phenotypes and the effects of mitochondrial activity on PTC progression. The great potential of mitochondria-targeting therapy in cancer treatment promoted us to use tool compounds from a family of Mito-Fu derivatives to investigate how the regulation of mitochondrial respiration affected tumor progression characteristics and molecular changes in PTC.MethodsMito-Fu L20, a representative of 12 synthetic derivatives, was chosen for mitochondrial inhibition experiments. Sample sections from PTC patients were collected and processed to explore potential molecular alterations in tumor lymph node metastasis (LNM). In vitro analyses were performed using human PTC cell lines (K1 and TPC-1), with the human normal thyroid follicular cell line (Nthy) as a control. K1 cells were injected into nude mice to generate an animal model. The mice were injected with normal saline or Mito-Fu L20 at 20 or 50 mg/kg every other day; their body weights and tumor volumes were also measured over time. To elucidate the resulting metabolic phenotype, we measured oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Wound healing and Transwell assays, cell cycle assays, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to explore glycolysis-dominant metabolism in PTC.ResultsCyclin D1 and mitochondrial complex IV were detected in tumor samples from PTC patients with LNM. Mito-Fu L20 showed dose-independent and reversible modulation of mitochondrial respiration in PTC. In addition to mitochondrial dysfunction and early apoptosis, G1/S phase arrest. Notably, reversible mitochondrial inhibition yielded durable suppression of tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/Cyclin D1 pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Mito-Fu L20 has a good safety profile and specific restorative effect on mitochondrial activity in the liver. In addition, Mito-Fu L20 showed antitumor effects, alleviated tumor angiogenesis, and improved thyroid function.ConclusionReversible inhibition of ATP production and durable suppression of PTC growth indicates that the downregulation of mitochondrial function has a negative impact on tumor progression and LNM via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/Cyclin D1 pathway. The results provide new insights into the antitumor potential and clinical translation of mitochondrial inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlu Yin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjia Fei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Xu, ; Lei Fu,
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Agilent Technologies Joint Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Xu, ; Lei Fu,
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou R, He B, Wang W, Zhang B. Cyclophilin D: Guardian or Executioner for Tumor Cells? Front Oncol 2022; 12:939588. [PMID: 35860554 PMCID: PMC9289278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a peptide-proline cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) distributed in the mitochondrial matrix. CypD regulates the opening of the mitochondrial permeability conversion pore (mPTP) and mitochondrial bioenergetics through PPIase activity or interaction with multiple binding partners in mitochondria. CypD initially attracted attention due to its regulation of mPTP overopening-mediated cell death. However, recent studies on the effects of CypD on tumors have shown conflicting results. Although CypD has been proven to promote the aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, its regulation of malignant characteristics such as the survival, invasion and drug resistance of tumor cells remains controversial. Here, we elaborate the main biological functions of CypD and its relationships with tumor progression identified in recent years, focusing on the dual role of CypD in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhang, ; Ling Zhang,
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Rou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhang, ; Ling Zhang,
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is growing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. No pharmacological treatment is available to treat NAFLD, specifically. The reason might be that NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved, an absence of accurate and inexpensive imaging tools, and lack of adequate non-invasive biomarkers. NAFLD consists of the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, causing lipotoxicity that might progress to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current interventions in the management of the disease, and the role of sirtuins as potential targets for treatment are discussed here. In addition, the current diagnostic tools, and the role of non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic biomarkers are summarized. The availability of non-invasive biomarkers, and accurate and inexpensive non-invasive diagnosis tools are crucial in the detection of the early signs in the progression of NAFLD. This will expedite clinical trials and the validation of the emerging therapeutic treatments.
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Hou Y, Ding W, Wu P, Liu C, Ding L, Liu J, Wang X. Adipose-derived stem cells alleviate liver injury induced by type 1 diabetes mellitus by inhibiting mitochondrial stress and attenuating inflammation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:132. [PMID: 35365229 PMCID: PMC8973806 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a worldwide health priority due to autoimmune destruction and is associated with an increased risk of multiorgan complications. Among these complications, effective interventions for liver injury, which can progress to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, are lacking. Although stem cell injection has a therapeutic effect on T1D, whether it can cure liver injury and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D were treated with adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) or PBS via the tail vein formed the ADSC group or STZ group. Body weights and blood glucose levels were examined weekly for 6 weeks. RNA-seq and PCR array were used to detect the difference in gene expression of the livers between groups. Results In this study, we found that ADSCs injection alleviated hepatic oxidative stress and injury and improved liver function in rats with T1D; potential mechanisms included cytokine activity, energy metabolism and immune regulation were potentially involved, as determined by RNA-seq. Moreover, ADSC treatment altered the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) levels in T1D rat livers, implying its repair capacity. Disordered intracellular energy metabolism, which is closely related to mitochondrial stress and dysfunction, was inhibited by ADSC treatment. PCR array and ingenuity pathway analyses suggested that the ADSC-induced suppression of mitochondrial stress is related to decreased necroptosis and apoptosis. Moreover, mitochondria-related alterations caused liver inflammation, resulting in liver injury involving the T lymphocyte-mediated immune response. Conclusions Overall, these results improve our understanding of the curative effect of ADSCs on T1D complications: ADSCs attenuate liver injury by inhibiting mitochondrial stress (apoptosis and dysfunctional energy metabolism) and alleviating inflammation (inflammasome expression and immune disorder). These results are important for early intervention in liver injury and for delaying the development of liver lesions in patients with T1D. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02760-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Hou
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peishan Wu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Abstract
The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) is predominantly expressed in the basolateral membrane of thyrocytes, where it stimulates almost every aspect of their metabolism. Several extrathyroidal locations of the receptor have been found including: the pituitary, the hypothalamus, and other areas of the central nervous system; the periorbital tissue; the skin; the kidney; the adrenal; the liver; the immune system cells; blood cells and vascular tissues; the adipose tissue; the cardiac and skeletal muscles, and the bone. Although the functionality of the receptor has been demonstrated in most of these tissues, its physiological importance is still a matter of debate. A contribution to several pathological processes is evident in some cases, as is the case of Grave's disease in its multiple presentations. Conversely, in the context of other thyroid abnormalities, the contribution of the TSH-R and its ligand is still a matter of debate. This article reviews the several different sites of expression of the TSH-R and its potential role in both physiological and pathological processes.
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Nichols PH, Pan Y, May B, Pavlicova M, Rausch JC, Mencin AA, Thaker VV. Effect of TSH on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) independent of obesity in children of predominantly Hispanic/Latino ancestry by causal mediation analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234985. [PMID: 32569304 PMCID: PMC7307750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common co-morbidity of obesity. Elevated TSH levels (eTSH), also associated with obesity, may contribute to the dysmetabolic state that predisposes to NAFLD. Objective To assess the relationship between TSH levels and NAFLD in children with biopsy-proven NAFLD compared to controls. Design and methods In this retrospective study of children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and age-matched controls, the association of eTSH with NAFLD was investigated and the role of TSH as a mediator between obesity and NAFLD was assessed. Results Sixty-six cases and 4067 controls (69.7 vs 59% Hispanic/Latino ancestry, p = 0.1) of the same age range seen in the same time duration at an urban Children’s Hospital were studied. Children with NAFLD were more likely to be male (74.6 vs 39.4%, p < 0.001), have higher modified BMI-z scores (median 2.4 (IQR 1.7) vs 1.9 (IQR 1.7), p < 0.001), and abnormal metabolic parameters (TSH, ALT, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG). Multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex and severity of obesity showed significant association between the 4th quartile of TSH and NAFLD. Causal mediation analysis demonstrates that TSH mediates 33.8% of the effect of modified BMI-z score on NAFLD. This comprises of 16.0% (OR = 1.1, p = 0.002) caused by the indirect effect of TSH and its interaction with modified BMI-z, and 17.7% (OR = 1.1, p = 0.05) as an autonomous effect of TSH on NAFLD. Overall, 33.8% of the effect can be eliminated by removing the mediator, TSH (p = 0.001). Conclusions The association of eTSH and biopsy-proven NAFLD is demonstrated in children of Hispanic/Latino ancestry. Further, a causal mediation analysis implicates an effect of TSH on NAFLD, independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presley H. Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin May
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martina Pavlicova
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John C. Rausch
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali A. Mencin
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vidhu V. Thaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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