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Chatzikostopoulos T, Gialaouzidis M, Koutoupa A, Tsolaki M. The Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1961-1970. [PMID: 38306046 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Background In recent years, there has been a growing interest, supported by many experimental and clinical studies, about the benefits of pomegranate in preventing various pathologic conditions, including brain neurodegeneration. The pomegranate seed oil (PSO) contains high levels of fatty acids that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective Due to the lack of clinical trials, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PSO on cognition of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Eighty people with the diagnosis of MCI were randomized forty to take 5 drops of PSO and follow the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) and forty just followed MeDi. All were examined with an extensive neuropsychological assessment before and after one year of treatment. Results The results showed that the participants who took the PSO had statistically significantly better global cognition (p = 0.004), verbal episodic memory (p = 0.009), and processing and executive functions (p < 0.001) in contrast with the participants who did not take it. Conclusions In conclusion, the PSO can be beneficial for people with MCI as it is helpful for some important cognitive domains. As PSO is a natural product that does not burden the human body, it can be used by people with MCI and be a significant and promising part of holistic approaches for the prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanos Chatzikostopoulos
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Moses Gialaouzidis
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Koutoupa
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Stamovlasis D, Giannouli V, Vaiopoulou J, Tsolaki M. Catastrophe Theory Applied to Neuropsychological Data: Nonlinear Effects of Depression on Financial Capacity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 24:1089. [PMID: 36010753 PMCID: PMC9407425 DOI: 10.3390/e24081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Financial incapacity is one of the cognitive deficits observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and dementia, while the combined interference of depression remains unexplored. The objective of this research is to investigate and propose a nonlinear model that explains empirical data better than ordinary linear ones and elucidates the role of depression. Four hundred eighteen (418) participants with a diagnosis of amnestic MCI with varying levels of depression were examined with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Functional Rating Scale for Symptoms of Dementia (FRSSD), and the Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS). Cusp catastrophe analysis was applied to the data, which suggested that the nonlinear model was superior to the linear and logistic alternatives, demonstrating depression contributes to a bifurcation effect. Depressive symptomatology induces nonlinear effects, that is, beyond a threshold value sudden decline in financial capacity is observed. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stamovlasis
- School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaitsa Giannouli
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54634 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julie Vaiopoulou
- Department of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54634 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Balkan Center, Buildings A & B, Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chatzikostopoulos A, Moraitou D, Tsolaki M, Masoura E, Papantoniou G, Sofologi M, Papaliagkas V, Kougioumtzis G, Papatzikis E. Episodic Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (ADD): Using the “Doors and People” Tool to Differentiate between Early aMCI—Late aMCI—Mild ADD Diagnostic Groups. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1768. [PMID: 35885671 PMCID: PMC9324962 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory is the type of memory that allows the recollection of personal experiences containing information on what has happened and, also, where and when it happened. Because of its sensitivity to neurodegenerative diseases and the aging of the brain, it is considered a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD). The objective of the present study was to examine episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and ADD. Patients with the diagnosis of early aMCI, late aMCI, and mild ADD were evaluated using the Doors and People tool which consists of four subtests examining different aspects of episodic memory. The statistical analysis with receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) showed the discriminant potential and the cutoffs of every subtest. Overall, the evaluation of episodic memory with the Doors and People tool can discriminate with great sensitivity between the different groups of people with AD and, especially, early aMCI, late aMCI, and mild ADD patients.
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Fyndanis V, Masoura E, Malefaki S, Chatziadamou E, Dosi I, Caplan D. The Role of Working Memory, Short-Term Memory, Speed of Processing, Education, and Locality in Verb-Related Morphosyntactic Production: Evidence From Greek. Front Psychol 2022; 13:851440. [PMID: 35911026 PMCID: PMC9329933 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.851440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between verb-related morphosyntactic production (VRMP) and locality (i.e., critical cue being adjacent to the target or not), verbal Working Memory (vWM), nonverbal/visuospatial WM (nvWM), verbal short-term memory (vSTM), nonverbal/visuospatial STM (nvSTM), speed of processing, and education. Eighty healthy middle-aged and older Greek-speaking participants were administered a sentence completion task tapping into production of subject–verb Agreement, Time Reference/Tense, and grammatical Aspect in local and nonlocal configurations, and cognitive tasks tapping into vSTM, nvSTM, vWM, nvWM, and speed of processing. Aspect elicited worse performance than Time Reference and Agreement, and Time Reference elicited worse performance than Agreement. There were main effects of vSTM, vWM, education, and locality: the greater the participants’ vSTM/vWM capacity, and the higher their educational level, the better their VRMP; nonlocal configurations elicited worse performance on VRMP than local configurations. Moreover, vWM affected Aspect and Time Reference/Tense more than Agreement, and education affected VRMP more in local than in nonlocal configurations. Lastly, locality affected Agreement and Aspect (with nonlocal configurations eliciting more agreement and aspect errors than local configurations) but not Time Reference. That vSTM/vWM (but not nvSTM/nvWM) were found to subserve VRMP suggests that VRMP is predominantly supported by domain-specific, not by domain-general, memory resources. The main effects of vWM and vSTM suggest that both the processing and storage components of WM are relevant to VRMP. That vWM (but not vSTM) interacts with production of Aspect, Time Reference, and Agreement suggests that Aspect and Time Reference are computationally more demanding than Agreement. These findings are consistent with earlier findings that, in individuals with aphasia, vWM interacts with production of Aspect, Time Reference, and Agreement. The differential effect of education on VRMP in local vs. nonlocal configurations could be accounted for by assuming that education is a proxy for an assumed procedural memory system that is sensitive to frequency patterns in language and better supports VRMP in more frequent than in less frequent configurations. In the same vein, the interaction between locality and the three morphosyntactic categories might reflect the statistical distribution of local vs. nonlocal Aspect, Agreement, and Time Reference/Tense in Greek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valantis Fyndanis
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
- Center for Multilingualism in Society Across the Lifespan (MultiLing), Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Valantis Fyndanis,
| | - Elvira Masoura
- Department of Experimental Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sonia Malefaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efpraxia Chatziadamou
- Department of Experimental Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ifigeneia Dosi
- Department of Greek Philology, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - David Caplan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Wei YC, Chen CK, Lin C, Chen PY, Hsu PC, Lin CP, Shyu YC, Huang WY. Normative Data of Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Taiwan. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2022; 51:365-376. [PMID: 35820405 PMCID: PMC9677874 DOI: 10.1159/000525615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Appropriate tools and references are essential for evaluating individuals' cognitive levels. This study validated the Taiwan version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and provided normative data for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and ADAS-cog in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS MMSE, MoCA, and ADAS-cog were administered to 150 nondemented healthy adults aged 55-85 years during 2018-2020 as part of the Northeastern Taiwan Community Medicine Research Cohort. ADAS-cog was translated from the original English version to traditional Chinese with cultural and language considerations in Taiwan. Cronbach's alpha (α) tested the reliability of ADAS-cog, and Pearson correlations examined its external validity using MMSE and MoCA as comparisons. Normative data were generated and stratified by age and education, and the one-way analysis of variance compared scores between age and education groups. Another 20 hospital-acquired participants with cognitive impairment joined the 150 healthy participants. Comparisons in the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) tiers tested the discriminability of the tests for different cognitive levels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analyzed the power of ADAS-cog in predicting CDR 0.5 from CDR 0. RESULTS The Taiwan version of ADAS-cog had fair reliability between items (α = 0.727) and good correlations to MMSE (r = -0.673, p < 0.001) and MoCA (r = -0.746, p < 0.001). The normative data of MMSE, MoCA, and ADAS-cog showed ladder changes with age (p = 0.006, 0.001, and 0.437) and education (p < 0.001, <0.001, and <0.001) in the 150 nondemented older adults. Next, in the 170 mixed participants from the communities and the hospital, MMSE, MoCA, and ADAS-cog scores were well differentiable between CDR 0, 0.5, and 1. In addition, ADAS-cog discriminated CDR 0.5 from 0 by an AUROC of 0.827 (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The three structured cognitive tests consistently reflect cognitive levels of healthy older adults. The Taiwan version of ADAS-cog is compatible with MMSE and MoCA to distinguish people with mildly impaired from normal cognition. In addition, this study derived MMSE, MoCA, and ADAS-cog norms tailored to demographic factors. The findings highlight the need for stratification of age and education rather than applying a fixed cutoff for defining normal and abnormal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, .,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Chih-Ken Chen
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chemin Lin
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,*Wen-Yi Huang,
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Ulbl J, Rakusa M. Validation of Slovenian version of ADAS-Cog for patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:695-702. [PMID: 34424494 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia where the most prominent cognitive impairment is memory loss. Screening tests are valuable tools for detecting cognitive impairment. One such test is the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) which consists of 11 tasks. The main goal of our study was to validate the Slovenian version of the ADAS-Cog for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. METHODS Our sample included 128 participants: 61 healthy controls, 32 people with MCI, and 35 with AD. All participants were evaluated with the Slovenian translation of ADAS-Cog. RESULTS The optimal cut-off for the ADAS-Cog for MCI was 10/11 points. The sensitivity was 88%, specificity 85% and likelihood ratio 6. The optimal cut-off for AD was 11/12 points. Sensitivity was 100%, specificity 95% and likelihood ratio 20. CONCLUSION The obtained cut-off values are comparable to the results from similar validation studies. We can conclude that the ADAS-Cog is a reliable and valid tool for identifying people with MCI and AD from among healthy controls in the Slovenian population.
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Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Geromichalos GD, Pantazaki ΑA. Extra Virgin Olive Oil consumption from Mild Cognitive Impairment patients attenuates oxidative and nitrative stress reflecting on the reduction of the PARP levels and DNA damage. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111621. [PMID: 34748951 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrative stress that results from the unbalance of the overproduction/clearance of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/NOS), originated from a variety of endo- and/or exo-genous sources, can have detrimental effects on DNA and is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. An excellent marker of oxidative DNA lesions is 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) while of nitrative stress the enzyme NOS2 (Nitric oxide synthase 2). Under massive oxidative stress, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP-1) enzyme activity, responsible for restoration of DNA damage, is augmented, DNA repair enzymes are recruited, and cell survival/or death is ensued through PARP-1 activation, which is correlated positively with neurodegenerative diseases. In this biochemical study the levels of PARP-1, 8-oxo-dG, and NOS2, Aβ1-42, and p-tau in their sera determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Patients diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment participated in MICOIL clinical trial, were daily administered with 50 ml Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) for one year. All MCI patients' biomarkers that had consumed EVOO were tantamount to those of healthy participants, contrary to MCI patients who were not administered. EVOO administration in MCI patients resulted in the restoration of DNA damage and of the well-established "hallmarks" AD biomarkers, thanks probably to its antioxidant properties exhibiting a therapeutic potentiality against AD. Molecular docking simulations of the EVOO constituents on the crystal structure of PARP-1 and NOS-2 target enzymes were also employed, to study in silico the ability of the compounds to bind to these enzymes and explain the observed in vitro activity. In silico analysis has proved the binding of EVOO constituents on PARP-1and NOS-2 enzymes and their interaction with crucial amino acids of the active sites. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03362996. MICOIL GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03362996.
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Tsolaki M, Tsatali M, Gkioka M, Poptsi E, Tsolaki A, Papaliagkas V, Tabakis IM, Lazarou I, Makri M, Kazis D, Papagiannopoulos S, Kiryttopoulos A, Koutsouraki E, Tegos T. Memory Clinics and Day Care Centers in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece: 30 Years of Clinical Practice and Experience. Front Neurol 2021; 12:683131. [PMID: 34512506 PMCID: PMC8425245 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.683131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This review describes the diagnostic and interventional procedures conducted in two university memory clinics (established network of G. Papanikolaou Hospital: 1988–2017 and AHEPA hospital: 2017–today) and 2 day care centers (established network of DCCs: 2005–today) in North Greece and their contribution in the scientific field of dementia. The aims of this work are (1) to provide a diagnosis and treatment protocol established in the network of memory clinics and DCCs and (2) to present further research conducted in the aforementioned network during the last 30 years of clinical practice. Methods: The guidelines to set a protocol demand a series of actions as follows: (1) set the diagnosis criteria, neuropsychological assessment, laboratory examinations, and examination of neurophysiological, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and genetic markers; and (2) apply non-pharmacological interventions according to the needs and specialized psychosocial interventions of the patient to the caregivers of the patient. Results: In addition to the guidelines followed in memory clinics at the 1st and 3rd Department of Neurology and two DCCs, a database of patients, educational programs, and further participation in international research programs, including clinical trials, make our contribution in the dementia field strong. Conclusion: In the current paper, we provide useful guidelines on how major and minor neurocognitive disorders are being treated in Thessaloniki, Greece, describing successful practices which have been adapted in the last 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI - AUTh) Balkan Center, Buildings A & B, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,3rd University Department of Neurology "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianna Tsatali
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mara Gkioka
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Poptsi
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthoula Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Sciences International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene-Maria Tabakis
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioulietta Lazarou
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Makri
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazis
- 3rd University Department of Neurology "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotirios Papagiannopoulos
- 3rd University Department of Neurology "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Kiryttopoulos
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efrosyni Koutsouraki
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Tegos
- 1st University Department of Neurology UH "AHEPA", School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tsolaki M, Lazarou E, Kozori M, Petridou N, Tabakis I, Lazarou I, Karakota M, Saoulidis I, Melliou E, Magiatis P. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Greek High Phenolic Early Harvest Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The MICOIL Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:801-817. [PMID: 33044178 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) constitutes a natural compound with high protection over cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To investigate for the first time the effect of Greek High Phenolic Early Harvest Extra Virgin Olive Oil (HP-EH-EVOO) versus Moderate Phenolic (MP-EVOO) and Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS We conducted a randomized prospective study so as to examine the HP-EH-EVOO and MP-EVOO versus MeDi in MCI. Genetic predisposition (APOEɛ4) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) was tested and an extensive neuropsychological battery was administered at baseline and after 12 months. Each participant was randomized and assigned one of three groups: 1) Group 1 received the HP-EH-EVOO (50 mL/day); 2) Group 2 received the MP-EVOO (50 mL/day), and 3) Group 3 received only the MeDi instructions. RESULTS Better follow-up performance was found in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and Group 3 in the almost all cognitive domains. Moreover, Group 2 showed also significant improvement compared to Group 3 in ADAS-cog (p = 0.001) and MMSE (p = 0.05), whereas Group 3 exhibited worse or similar to baseline performance in almost all domains. In particular, Group 1 and Group 2 had better outcomes with regards to ADAS-cog (p = 0.003), Digit Span (p = 0.006), and Letter fluency (p = 0.003). Moreover, there was a significant difference (p = 0.001) in the presence of APOEɛ4 between the Groups 1 and 2 versus Group 3. CONCLUSION Long-term intervention with HP-EH-EVOO or MP-EVOO was associated with significant improvement in cognitive function compared to MeDi, independent of the presence of APOEɛ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology General University Hopsital "AHEPA", Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Eftychia Lazarou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Mahi Kozori
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Niki Petridou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Irene Tabakis
- Department of Neurology General University Hopsital "AHEPA", Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Ioulietta Lazarou
- Department of Neurology General University Hopsital "AHEPA", Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Karakota
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Iordanis Saoulidis
- Department of Neurology General University Hopsital "AHEPA", Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki ΑA, Geromichalos G, Lazarou E, Kozori M, Sinakos Z. The pleiotropic beneficial intervention of olive oil intake on the Alzheimer's disease onset via fibrinolytic system. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111344. [PMID: 33836262 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The daily consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in Mediterranean nutrition is tightly associated with lower frequency of many diseases' appearance, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fibrinolytic system is already assumed to be involved in AD pathophysiology through various factors, especially plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a2-antiplasmin (α2ΑP) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). We, here, present a biochemical study, as a continuation of a clinical trial of a cohort of 84 participants, focusing on the pleiotropic effect of the annual EVOO consumption on the fibrinolytic factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. The levels of all these fibrinolytic factors, measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, were reduced in the serum of MCI patients annually administered with EVOO, versus not treated MCI patients, as well as AD patients. The well-established AD hallmarks (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 species, tau, and p-tau) of MCI patients' group, annually administered with EVOO, were restored to levels equal to those of the cognitively-healthy group; in contrast to those patients not being administered, and their AD hallmarks levels increased at the end of the year. Moreover, one of the EVOO annual consumption multimodal effects on the MCI patients focused on the levels of an oxidative stress trademark, malondialdehyde (MDA), which displayed also a visible quenching; On the other hand, an increase exhibited in the MCI patients not consuming EVOO one year after, was attributed to the lack of the EVOO anti-oxidative properties. These outcomes are exploitable towards the establishment of natural products like EVOO, as a preventive remedy fighting this neurodegenerative disorder, AD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03362996 MICOIL gov Identifier: NCT03362996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Tzekaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1(st) Department of Neurology, Medical School, "AHEPA" General Hospital Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece; Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece.
| | - Αnastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece.
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Eftychia Lazarou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece
| | - Mahi Kozori
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece
| | - Zacharias Sinakos
- Emeritus Professor of Hematology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece
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11
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Jian ZH, Li CP, Chiu EC. Ecological, convergent, and discriminative validities of the cognitive abilities screening instrument in people with dementia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25225. [PMID: 33726020 PMCID: PMC7982157 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) assesses global cognitive function in people with dementia with 9 domains (i.e., long-term memory, short-term memory, concentration, orientation, attention, abstraction and judgment, language abilities, visual construction, and category fluency). However, the ecological, convergent, and discriminant validities of the CASI have not yet been examined. PURPOSE This study designed to investigate these 3 validities of the CASI in people with dementia. METHODS Fifty-eight participants underwent assessments with the CASI, 3 functional measures, and 3 cognitive measures. Pearson's r was used to estimate correlations among the CASI and 3 functional measures for examining ecological validity. We computed correlations (r) among the CASI and 3 functional measures for examining convergent validity. An independent t-test was applied to compare the levels of disability, and ceiling/floor effects were analyzed for examining discriminative validity. RESULTS The CASI total score and domains had moderate to high correlations with 3 functional measures (r = 0.42-0.80), except in 2 CASI domains (i.e., attention and language). The CASI total score and domains showed moderate to high correlations with 3 cognitive measures (r = 0.45-0.93). The t-test results revealed significant differences (P < .05) in the CASI total score and other domains except for the short-term memory domains. Four domains of the CASI showed noticeable ceiling effects (22.4-39.7%). CONCLUSIONS The CASI has adequate ecological validity, good convergent validity, and acceptable discriminative validity in people with dementia. The 5 domains with nonsignificant differences or ceiling effects should only be used with caution to distinguish people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hua Jian
- Department of Long-Term Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei
| | - Chih-Ping Li
- Department of Health Industry Management, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - En-Chi Chiu
- Department of Long-Term Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei
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12
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Ng KP, Chiew HJ, Lim L, Rosa-Neto P, Kandiah N, Gauthier S. The influence of language and culture on cognitive assessment tools in the diagnosis of early cognitive impairment and dementia. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:859-869. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1532792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kok Pin Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jin Chiew
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Levinia Lim
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Ben Jemaa S, Attia Romdhane N, Bahri-Mrabet A, Jendli A, Le Gall D, Bellaj T. An Arabic Version of the Cognitive Subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog): Reliability, Validity, and Normative Data. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:11-21. [PMID: 28505978 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale's cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) is the most widely used instrument for screening cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the present study was to develop an Arabic version of this scale (A-ADAS-Cog), examine its psychometric properties (reliability and validity), and provide normative data. The A-ADAS-Cog), an Arabic version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (A-MMSE), and a Standardized Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) were administered to three Tunisian groups: 124 normal controls (NC), 33 patients with non-Alzheimer dementia (N-AD), and 25 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The A-ADAS-Cog scores were significantly affected by age and education. A correction table was constructed to control these effects. The results showed that the A-ADAS-Cog has good internal consistency and reliability (α= 0.82 for AD). The test-retest reliability of the A-ADAS-Cog was stable over time (r = 0.97). An evaluation of the construct validity of the A-ADAS-Cog using principal component analysis led to a solution with three factors (memory, language and praxis), which explained 72% of the variance. The concurrent validity of the A-ADAS-Cog was established using the A-MMSE score (r = -0.86), CDR Sum of Boxes score (CDR-SB; r = 0.87), and global CDR score (CDR-Global; r = 0.74). Finally, the A-ADAS-Cog has an excellent discriminating power in the diagnosis of AD (ROC area = 0.92). A cut-off score of 10 (sensitivity = 84% and specificity = 91%) is indicated for the screening of the AD. Overall, the results indicated that the A-ADAS-Cog is psychometrically reliable and valid and provides promising results for screening of dementia in Arabic speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ben Jemaa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tunis, Tunis University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Neila Attia Romdhane
- Department of Neurology, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Adel Jendli
- College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Didier Le Gall
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Bretagne-Loire University and Angers University, France
| | - Tarek Bellaj
- Psychology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Jimenez A, Pegueroles J, Carmona-Iragui M, Vilaplana E, Montal V, Alcolea D, Videla L, Illán-Gala I, Pané A, Casajoana A, Belbin O, Clarimón J, Moizé V, Vidal J, Lleó A, Fortea J, Blesa R. Weight loss in the healthy elderly might be a non-cognitive sign of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104706-104716. [PMID: 29285207 PMCID: PMC5739594 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss has been proposed as a sign of pre-clinical Alzheimer Disease (AD). To test this hypothesis, we have evaluated the association between longitudinal changes in weight trajectories, cognitive performance, AD biomarker profiles and brain structure in 363 healthy controls from the Alzheimer´s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean follow-up 50.5±30.5 months). Subjects were classified according to body weight trajectory into a weight loss group (WLG; relative weight loss ≥ 5%) and a non-weight loss group (non-WLG; relative weight loss < 5%). Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the effect of body weight changes on ADAS-Cognitive score across time. Baseline CSF tau/AΔ42 ratio and AV45 PET uptake were compared between WLG and non-WLG by analysis of covariance. Atrophy maps were compared between groups at baseline and longitudinally at a 2-year follow-up using Freesurfer. WLG showed increased baseline levels of cerebrospinal fluid tau/AΔ42 ratio, increased PET amyloid uptake and diminished cortical thickness at baseline. WLG also showed faster cognitive decline and faster longitudinal atrophy. Our data support weight loss as a non-cognitive manifestation of pre-clinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jimenez
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Obesity Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduard Vilaplana
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Victor Montal
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Laura Videla
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adriana Pané
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Obesity Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Casajoana
- General Surgery Service, Hospital de Barcelona-SCIAS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Violeta Moizé
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Obesity Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Obesity Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastian, Spain
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Paddick SM, Kisoli A, Mkenda S, Mbowe G, Gray WK, Dotchin C, Ogunniyi A, Kisima J, Olakehinde O, Mushi D, Walker RW. Adaptation and validation of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) in a low-literacy setting in sub-Saharan Africa. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017; 29:244-51. [PMID: 28345494 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a low-literacy adaptation of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) for use in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for interventional studies in dementia. No such adaptations currently exist. METHODS Tanzanian and Nigerian health professionals adapted the ADAS-Cog by consensus. Validation took place in a cross-sectional sample of 34 rural-dwelling older adults with mild/moderate dementia alongside 32 non-demented controls in Tanzania. Participants were oversampled for lower educational level. Inter-rater reliability was conducted by two trained raters in 22 older adults (13 with dementia) from the same population. Assessors were blind to diagnostic group. RESULTS Median ADAS-Cog scores were 28.75 (interquartile range (IQR), 22.96-35.54) in mild/moderate dementia and 12.75 (IQR 9.08-16.16) in controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.973 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.936-1.00) for dementia. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α 0.884) and inter-rater reliability was excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.905, 95% CI 0.804-0.964). CONCLUSION The low-literacy adaptation of the ADAS-Cog had good psychometric properties in this setting. Further evaluation in similar settings is required.
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Tsolaki M, Fountoulakis KN, Chantzi H, Kazis A. The Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG): A validation study in outpatients suffering from dementia and non-demented elderly subjects (including Age Associated Cognitive Decline patients) in Greece. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153331750001500513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The Cambridge Cognitive Examination for the elderly (CAMCOG) was first published in 1986 as a reliable instrument for the study of patients with cognitive function impairment. Objective: To standardize the Greek version of CAMCOG. Setting: Dementia Outpatient Clinic, 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Participants: 150 nondemented controls and 100 patients suffering from mild to severe dementia of various types took part in the study. Results: CAMCOG manifests Cronbach's alpha=0.93. In the group of patients under 75, sensitivity (Sn) is 90.00 percent at the level of 76/77 and specificity is 91.89 percent at the level of 70/71. The respective scores for the group of patients over 74 are 68/69 (Sn=90.00 percent) and 60/61 (Sp=92.30 percent). It seems that CAMCOG shows an “uncertainty zone” in both groups between the scores of 71 to 76 for the first group and of 61 to 68 for the second. The MMSE cut-off point, for the two groups are 23/24 (Sn=94.28 percent, Sp=90.99 percent) and 22/23 (Sn=96.60 percent, Sp=94.87 percent), respectively. Conclusion: The Greek version of CAMCOG manifests different properties than the original British Version. This is probably due to differences in education and social background (e.g., cultural isolation of rural areas). MMSE performs better than CAMCOG mainly because diagnosis is based on the assessment of fundamental aspects of cognitive function, which is reflected in MMSE in a way that is less affected by the mental or educational status of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Aristides Kazis
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ferris S, Cummings J, Christensen D, Doody R, Farlow M, Sabbagh M, Liu L, Mackell J, Fain R. Effects of donepezil 23 mg on Severe Impairment Battery domains in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease: evaluating the impact of baseline severity. Alzheimers Res Ther 2013; 5:12. [PMID: 23433097 PMCID: PMC4055003 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The US Food and Drug Administration approved a 23 mg daily dose of donepezil for treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on outcomes from a large trial comparing the 23 mg/day dose with the standard 10 mg/day dose. Results from this study indicated that after 24 weeks, donepezil 23 mg/day provided significant cognitive benefits over donepezil 10 mg/day, measured using the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB). In the analyses reported herein, we further characterize the range of cognitive domains impacted by treatment with donepezil 23 mg/day. METHODS A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from a 24-week, randomized, double-blind trial comparing donepezil 23 mg/day versus 10 mg/day in 1,467 patients with moderate to severe AD (baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 0 to 20). Changes from baseline to week 24 in the nine SIB domain scores were analyzed in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population (baseline MMSE 0 to 20), in patients with more severe baseline AD (MMSE 0 to 16), and in severity strata based on baseline MMSE scores (0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, 16 to 20). RESULTS In the ITT population, changes in six of the nine SIB domains favored donepezil 23 mg/day over donepezil 10 mg/day. LS mean treatment differences were significant for the language, visuospatial ability, and construction domains. In the more advanced cohort of patients (MMSE 0 to 16 at baseline), LS mean treatment differences were statistically significant favoring donepezil 23 mg/day in five of the nine domains: language, memory, visuospatial ability, attention, and construction. Descriptive analysis of LS mean changes in SIB domain scores in the four baseline severity strata showed variable patterns of response; overall, cognitive benefits of donepezil 23 mg/day were greatest in patients with MMSE scores of 0 to 15. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that donepezil 23 mg/day provides benefits over 10 mg/day across a range of cognitive domains. The magnitude of benefit and domains impacted varied depending on the stage of AD; significant benefits with higher dose donepezil were most apparent at more advanced stages of AD and were most prominent in the language domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ferris
- Alzheimer Disease Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, 145 E 32nd St, Room 506, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W. Bonneville, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Daniel Christensen
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Rachelle Doody
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 07730, USA
| | - Martin Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 541 Clinical Drive, CL299, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- The Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner-Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Eisai Inc., 100 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - Joan Mackell
- Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Randi Fain
- Eisai Inc., 100 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
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Bossers WJR, van der Woude LHV, Boersma F, Scherder EJA, van Heuvelen MJG. Recommended measures for the assessment of cognitive and physical performance in older patients with dementia: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2012; 2:589-609. [PMID: 23341825 PMCID: PMC3551396 DOI: 10.1159/000345038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim/Goal To recommend a set of neuropsychological and physical exercise tests for researchers to assess cognition and physical fitness in clinical trials with older patients with dementia; to create consensus, decrease heterogeneity, and improve research quality. Methods A literature search (2005–2011) yielded 89 randomized controlled trials. To provide information on test recommendations the frequency of test use, effect size of the test outcome, study quality, and psychometric properties of tests were analyzed. Results Fifty-nine neuropsychological tests (cognitive domains: global cognition, executive functioning, memory, and attention) and 10 exercise tests (physical domains: endurance capacity, muscle strength, balance, and mobility) were found. Conclusion The Severe Impairment Battery, Mini Mental State Examination, and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale – cognitive subscale were recommended to measure global cognition. The Verbal Fluency Test Category/Letters, Clock Drawing Test, and Trail Making Test-B were recommended to measure executive functioning. No specific memory test could be recommended. The Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward, and Trail Making Test-A were recommended to measure attention. As physical exercise tests, the Timed Up and Go and Six Meter Walk for mobility, the Six Minute Walk Distance for endurance capacity, and the Tinetti Balance Scale were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J R Bossers
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pákáski M, Drótos G, Janka Z, Kálmán J. [Validation of the Hungarian version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale--cognitive subscale]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:461-6. [PMID: 22411219 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale is the most widely used test in the diagnostic and research work of Alzheimer's disease. AIMS The aim of this study was to validate and investigate reliability of the Hungarian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale in patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy control subjects. METHODS sixty-six patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease and 47 non-demented control subjects were recruited for the study. The cognitive status was established by the Hungarian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale and Mini Mental State Examination. Discriminative validity, the relation between age and education and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined. RESULTS Both the Mini Mental State Examination and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale had significant potential in differentiating between patients with mild and moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease and control subjects. A very strong negative correlation was established between the scores of the Mini Mental State Examination and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale in the Alzheimer's disease group. The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale showed slightly negative relationship between education and cognitive performance, whereas a positive correlation between age and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale scores was detected only in the control group. According to the analysis of the ROC curve, the values of sensitivity and specificity of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale were high. CONCLUSIONS The Hungarian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale was found to be highly reliable and valid and, therefore, the application of this scale can be recommended for the establishment of the clinical stage and follow-up of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, the current Hungarian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale is not sufficient; the list of words and linguistic elements should be selected according to the Hungarian standard in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Pákáski
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem Pszichiátriai Klinika, Alzheimer-kór Kutatócsoport Szeged Kálvária sgt.
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Appels BA, Scherder E. The diagnostic accuracy of dementia-screening instruments with an administration time of 10 to 45 minutes for use in secondary care: a systematic review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2010; 25:301-16. [PMID: 20539025 PMCID: PMC10845578 DOI: 10.1177/1533317510367485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early screening for dementia is crucial for identifying reversible causes as well as managing, counseling, and other therapeutic interventions. Many reviews have compared the suitability of very brief screening instruments for use in primary care, but reviews on more extensive instruments in secondary care are scarce. In addition, results on diagnostic accuracy are often biased due to methodological shortcomings, differences in the spectrum of patients or reporting. This systematic review reports the diagnostic accuracy of dementia-screening instruments with an administration time of 10 to 45 minutes, validated in secondary care, restricted to mild dementia and validation studies of ''high quality.'' Characteristics such as cognitive domains and reliability figures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje A Appels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Plitas A, Plakiotis C. Neuropsychological testing of culturally and linguistically diverse individuals: the case of Greek-speaking individuals. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2010; 23:261-6. [PMID: 20224407 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283383d38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to update clinicians and researchers regarding neuropsychological tools that have been normed in Greece, thereby assisting them to improve diagnostic accuracy when undertaking neuropsychological assessment of Greek-speaking individuals. RECENT FINDINGS A growing number of neuropsychological tests of cognition have been normed in the healthy Greek adult population and the findings reported in the English-language literature. Neuropsychological Greek normative studies have revealed performance differences in Greek speakers. In general, research findings indicate that population-specific norms are required for accurate neuropsychological assessment of the Greek adult population. SUMMARY Validating neuropsychological tests of cognition in healthy Greek adults improves clinicians' and researchers' ability to accurately assess, diagnose and manage Greek individuals with cognitive disorders. Normative studies in Greek-speaking clinical populations and studies examining performance differences between native Greek speakers and the Greek diaspora are directions for future research.
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Abstract
This paper presents an alternative measure for scoring the recognition memory task in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS), which is one of the most common screening tests. Memory studies routinely take into account not only correct responses to old items (Hits) but also incorrect responses to new items (False Alarms). Here, a bias-corrected measure of recognition memory, Hits minus False Alarms (called Pr), is computed and its significance evaluated against the original measure, Hits. 28 male and 40 female healthy elderly people (M age= 68.5 yr., SD=3.5) recruited from the neighborhood community participated in this study. Multiple stepwise regression analyses first with Hit Rate then False Alarm Rate showed that False Alarm Rate significantly improved R(2) in the two subscale scores of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and scores of the Mini-Mental State Exam. Thus, this new measure taking into account false responses may be more sensitive and useful to detect early stages of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Kinjo
- School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women's University, 2-7-1 Karakida, Tama-city, Tokyo 206-8540, Japan.
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Tsolaki M, Alexiadou A, Kiosseoglou G, Kounti F. Correlations between the Functional-Cognitive Assessment Scale and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale when administered to patients with dementia residing in long-term care. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2006; 21:274-80. [PMID: 16948292 PMCID: PMC10833296 DOI: 10.1177/1533317506289258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) and the Functional Cognitive Assessment Scale (FUCAS) examine the cognitive performance of patients with dementia. ADAS has been widely used as a clinical instrument, mainly in clinical trials. FUCAS is a useful tool in diagnosing early dementia since it examines executive skills. Moreover, it is sensitive to the subtle changes that occur during the progress of the disease. The aim of this study was to examine the possible correlations between FUCAS and ADAS. The 2 neuropsychological scales were administered to 32 patients with dementia residing in long-term care. They were 12 men and 20 women, 65 to 90 years old, with 4 to 12 years of education. Twenty-four patients were reassessed 3 months after the first assessment, with the same scales. Pearson's correlation showed that the total score of FUCAS correlated significantly with the total score of ADAS: r = 0.80 (P < .01). The t test showed that changes over the 3 months for FUCAS were more significant than ADAS, suggesting that FUCAS is a more sensitive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsolaki
- Aristotle University, Thessalonki, Hellas, Greece.
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Mavioglu H, Gedizlioglu M, Akyel S, Aslaner T, Eser E. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease and normal subjects. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006; 21:259-65. [PMID: 16477580 DOI: 10.1002/gps.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assesment Scale (ADAS-Cog) is the most widely used test in clinical trials dealing with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of ADAS-Cog. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with AD, fulfilling NINCDS-ADRDA criteria of probable AD, who were in stage 3-5 according to the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), and 27 non-demented control subjects with similar age, gender and educational status were recruited for the study. The Turkish version of ADAS-Cog, Standardized Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test (SOMCT) were applied to both of the groups. Inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, test-retest reliability; face validity, differential validity and convergent validity were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Both MMSE and ADAS-Cog have significantly differentiated patients with AD and control subjects (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was established between MMSE and ADAS-Cog scores in AD group (r: -0.739). ADAS-Cog was also highly significantly correlated with GDS (r: 0.720) and SOMCT (r: 0.738). For the group with AD, control and whole cohort coefficients of internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha: 0.800, 0.515, 0.873 were found respectively. Inter-rater reliability for total ADAS-Cog score was found as ICC: 0.99 and 0.98 and test-retest reliability was found as ICC: 0.91 and 0.95 for demented and nondemented subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of ADAS-Cog has been found to be highly reliable and valid in differentiating patients with mild and moderate AD from nondemented subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mavioglu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
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Sabbah I, Drouby N, Sabbah S, Retel-Rude N, Mercier M. Quality of life in rural and urban populations in Lebanon using SF-36 health survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2003; 1:30. [PMID: 12952543 PMCID: PMC194221 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-1-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2003] [Accepted: 08/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring health status in a population is important for the evaluation of interventions and the prediction of health and social care needs. Quality of life (QoL) studies are an essential complement to medical evaluation but most of the tools available in this area are in English. In order to evaluated QoL in rural and urban areas in Lebanon, the short form 36 health survey (SF-36) was adapted into Arabic. METHODS SF-36 was administered in a cross-sectional study, to collect sociodemographic and environmental variables as well as self reported morbidity. We analysed a representative sample containing 1632 subjects, from whom we randomly picked 524 subjects aged 14 years and over. The translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the SF-36 followed the International Quality of Life Assessment methodology. Multivariate analysis (generalized linear model) was performed to test the effect of habitat (rural on urban areas) on all domains of the SF-36. RESULTS The rate of missing data is very low (0.23% of items). Item level validation supported the assumptions underlying Likert scoring. SF-36 scale scores showed wide variability and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70), factor analysis yielded patterns of factor correlation comparable to that found in the U.S.A and France. Patients resident in rural areas had higher vitality scores than those in urban areas. Older people reported more satisfaction with some domains of life than younger people, except for physical functioning. The QoL of women is poorer than men; certain symptoms and morbidity independently influence the domains of SF-36 in this population. CONCLUSION The results support the validity of the SF-36 Arabic version. Habitat has a minor influence on QoL, women had a poor QoL, and health problems had differential impact on QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Sabbah
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Besançon, France
| | - Nabil Drouby
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Saîda, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Sabbah
- Center of Methodology and Technology of the Information, Franche Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Nathalie Retel-Rude
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Besançon, France
| | - Mariette Mercier
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Besançon, France
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Youn JC, Lee DY, Kim KW, Lee JH, Jhoo JH, Lee KU, Ha J, Woo JI. Development of the Korean version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-K). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17:797-803. [PMID: 12221651 DOI: 10.1002/gps.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was the development of the Korean Version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-K). METHOD ADAS-K was administrated to 84 AD patients as well as 105 non-demented control subjects. Three aspects of reliability were tested. To evaluate the validity of ADAS-K, discriminant validity and concurrent validity were tested. To evaluate the sensitivity of ADAS-K to disease severity, all subjects, AD patients and control subjects, were grouped by CDR scale and their mean scores on ADAS-K were compared. RESULT ADAS-K demonstrated high levels of reliability. Mean ADAS-K scores for AD patients were significantly different from the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, ADAS-K exhibited significant correlations with other tests and scales (range 0.45-0.85, p < 0.01). In ROC curve analysis, ADAS-K displayed high diagnostic efficacy and the optimal cut-off point was selected between 18/19. ADAS-K was able to discriminate the degree of AD severity according to CDR classification. Our results suggested that ADAS-K-cog was sensitive to very mild AD. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ADAS-K is a reliable and valid instrument not only for AD diagnosis but also for evaluation of its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Youn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
An important element in the diagnostic approach to psychogeriatric patients is the neuropsychologic assessment. Most instruments have been developed in the United States or the United Kingdom, but their appropriateness for culturally different populations is still an open question. Validation studies in Greece revealed certain difficulties both for the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination for the Elderly. These results were probably due to the functional illiteracy of elderly people in Greece, the coexistence of mood disorders, restricted access to news over past decades, and low levels of cooperation between the subject and the examiner The need for a more suitable diagnostic instrument for this kind of population led to the development of the Epidemiological Dementia Index. Data from developing countries support the possibility that research results from Europe and the United States are not directly applicable to the whole world; thus, the need for data from non-English speaking countries is evergrowing. Our understanding of psychogeriatric disorders in the developing world is like an iceberg: The larger portion is hidden because of the lack of relevant data.
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Abstract
The cognitive subscale of the "Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale" (ADAS-Cog) is widely used for the evaluation of dementia and is very popular in dementia drug trials because of the characteristics of the scale. The objective of the present study was to adapt the ADAS-Cog for use for the Brazilian population. A major problem is that education is variable, a fact that may influence performance in cognitive evaluation. This study was conducted on a control group (CG) of 96 subjects (25 males and 71 females aged 68 +/- 8.6 years) and on 44 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (19 males and 25 females aged 72 +/- 6.4 years) with mild dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating score 1). For statistical analysis groups were divided into three educational levels: I, 0-4 years of schooling (65 CG/20 AD); II, 5-11 years of schooling (19 CG/7 AD), and III, 12 or more years of schooling (12 CG/17 AD). The battery was applied according to original instructions. Total mean score for CG and AD was 10.9 and 22.9 for level I, 7.8 and 22.4 for level II, and 6.2 and 15.4 for level III, respectively. These results indicate that our version of the ADAS-Cog is useful to identify mild dementia, though there may be an overlapping when comparing high education demented with low education non-demented subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Schultz
- Setor de Neurologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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