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Alves-Martinez P, Atienza-Navarro I, Vargas-Soria M, Carranza-Naval MJ, Infante-Garcia C, Benavente-Fernandez I, Del Marco A, Lubian-Lopez S, Garcia-Alloza M. Caffeine Restores Neuronal Damage and Inflammatory Response in a Model of Intraventricular Hemorrhage of the Preterm Newborn. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:908045. [PMID: 36035990 PMCID: PMC9411947 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.908045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is the most frequent intracranial hemorrhage in the preterm infant (PT). Long-term GM-IVH-associated sequelae include cerebral palsy, sensory and motor impairment, learning disabilities, or neuropsychiatric disorders. The societal and health burden associated with GM-IVH is worsened by the fact that there is no successful treatment to limit or reduce brain damage and neurodevelopment disabilities. Caffeine (Caf) is a methylxanthine that binds to adenosine receptors, regularly used to treat the apnea of prematurity. While previous studies support the beneficial effects at the brain level of Caf in PT, there are no studies that specifically focus on the role of Caf in GM-IVH. Therefore, to further understand the role of Caf in GM-IVH, we have analyzed two doses of Caf (10 and 20 mg/kg) in a murine model of the disease. We have analyzed the short (P14) and long (P70) effects of the treatment on brain atrophy and neuron wellbeing, including density, curvature, and phospho-tau/total tau ratio. We have analyzed proliferation and neurogenesis, as well as microglia and hemorrhage burdens. We have also assessed the long-term effects of Caf treatment at cognitive level. To induce GM-IVH, we have administered intraventricular collagenase to P7 CD1 mice and have analyzed these animals in the short (P14) and long (P70) term. Caf showed a general neuroprotective effect in our model of GM-IVH of the PT. In our study, Caf administration diminishes brain atrophy and ventricle enlargement. Likewise, Caf limits neuronal damage, including neurite curvature and tau phosphorylation. It also contributes to maintaining neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, a neurogenic niche that is severely affected after GM-IVH. Furthermore, Caf ameliorates small vessel bleeding and inflammation in both the cortex and the subventricular zone. Observed mitigation of brain pathological features commonly associated with GM-IVH also results in a significant improvement of learning and memory abilities in the long term. Altogether, our data support the promising effects of Caf to reduce central nervous system complications associated with GM-IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alves-Martinez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Atienza-Navarro
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Salus-Infirmorum, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Isabel Benavente-Fernandez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Area of Pediatrics, Department of Child and Mother Health and Radiology, Medical School, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Section of Neonatology, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Simon Lubian-Lopez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Section of Neonatology, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Simon Lubian-Lopez, ; Monica Garcia-Alloza,
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Simon Lubian-Lopez, ; Monica Garcia-Alloza,
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Bhat JA, Kumar M. Neuroprotective Effects of Theobromine in permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1787-1801. [PMID: 35587851 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) is a common underlying mechanism of dementia disorders linked to aberrations in the neurovascular unit. Hemodynamic disturbances adversely affect cellular energy homeostasis that triggers a sequence of events leading to irrevocable damage to the brain and neurobehavioral discrepancies. Theobromine is a common ingredient of many natural foods consumed by a large population worldwide. Theobromine has shown health benefits in several studies, attributed to regulation of calcium homeostasis, phosphodiesterase, neurotransmission, and neurotrophins. The current study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of theobromine against CH in the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) prototype. Wistar rats were distributed in Sham-operated (S), S + T100, CH, CH + T50, and CH + T100 groups. Animals received permanent BCCAO or Sham treatment on day 1. Theobromine (50, 100 mg/kg) was given orally in animals subjected to BCCAO for 14 days daily. CH caused neurological deficits (12-point scale), motor dysfunction, and memory impairment in rats. Treatment with theobromine significantly attenuated neurological deficits and improved sensorimotor functions and memory in rats with CH. In biochemistry investigation of the entire brain, findings disclosed reduction in brain oxidative stress, inflammatory intermediaries (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and - 6, nuclear factor-κB), markers of cell demise (lactate dehydrogenase, caspase-3), acetylcholinesterase activity, and improvement in γ-aminobutyric acid quantity in rats that were given theobromine for 14 days daily after CH. Histopathological analysis substantiated attenuation of neurodegenerative changes by theobromine. The findings of this study indicated that theobromine could improve neurological scores, sensorimotor abilities, and memory in CH prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
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Takechi R, Mamo J, Das S, Graneri L, D'Alonzo Z, Nesbit M, Junaldi E, Lam V. Short-term consumption of alcohol (vodka) mixed with energy drink (AMED) attenuated alcohol-induced cerebral capillary disturbances and neuroinflammation in adult wild-type mice. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2398-2407. [PMID: 34549671 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1975364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The ingestion of combinatory Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink (AMED) beverages continues to increase markedly, particularly among young adults. Some studies suggest detrimental health effects related to the combination of alcohol with energy drink formulations; however, the consumption of AMED has not been investigated in context of the cerebral microvasculature or neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that cerebral capillary integrity and glial cells are particularly vulnerable to the combination of AMED.Methods:12-week old wild-type C57BL/6J mice were orally gavaged with either vehicle (water), alcohol (vodka), an energy drink (MotherTM), or a combination AMED, daily for five days. Thereafter, mice were sacrificed, blood alcohol concentrations were analysed and cryosections of brain specimens were subjected to confocal immunofluorescent analysis for measures of cerebral capillary integrity via immunoglobulin G (IgG), and markers of neuroinflammation, ionized-calcium-binding-adaptor-molecule 1 (Iba1) and Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein (GFAP). Proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2, IL-17A, IFN-ϒ, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10, were also measured in serum.Results: Consistent with previous studies, cerebral capillary dysfunction and astroglial cell activation were markedly greater in the alcohol-only group (AO); however, the AO-induced effects were profoundly attenuated with the AMED combination. Mice maintained on AO and AMED interventions exhibited a moderate increase in microglial recruitment. There were no significant changes in pro-inflammatory nor anti-inflammatory cytokines in ED or AMED treated mice.Conclusion: This study suggests that paradoxically the acute detrimental effects of alcohol on cerebral capillary integrity and astrogliosis are counteracted with the co-provision of an ED, rich in caffeine and taurine and containing B-group vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - John Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sukanya Das
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Liam Graneri
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Zachary D'Alonzo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Nesbit
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Edwin Junaldi
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
With the improvement in neonatal rescue technology, the survival rate of critically ill preterm infants has substantially increased; however, the incidence of brain injury and sequelae in surviving preterm infants has concomitantly increased. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of preterm brain injury, and its prevention and treatment have been investigated in recent years, powerful and effective neuroprotective strategies are lacking. Caffeine is an emerging neuroprotective drug, and its benefits have been widely recognized; however, its effects depend on the dose of caffeine administered, the neurodevelopmental stage at the time of administration, and the duration of exposure. The main mechanisms of caffeine involve adenosine receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition, calcium ion activation, and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonism. Studies have shown that there are both direct and indirect beneficial effects of caffeine on the immature brain. Accordingly, this article briefly reviews the pharmacological characteristics of caffeine, its mechanism of action in the context of encephalopathy in premature infants, and its use in the neuroprotection of encephalopathy in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sun M, Yuan R, Liu H, Zhang J, Tu S. The effects of repeated propofol anesthesia on spatial memory and long-term potentiation in infant rats under hypoxic conditions. Genes Dis 2020; 7:245-252. [PMID: 32215294 PMCID: PMC7083743 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is widely used as an intravenous drug for induction and maintenance in general anesthesia. Hypoxemia is a common complication during perianesthesia. We want to know the effect of propofol on spatial memory and LTP (Long-term potentiation) under hypoxic conditions. In this study, 84 seven-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 14)-four control groups: lipid emulsion solvent + 50% oxygen (CO), lipid emulsion solvent + room air (CA), lipid emulsion solvent + 18% oxygen (CH), and propofol + 50% oxygen (propofol–oxygen, PO); and two experiment groups: propofol + room air (propofol–air, PA), and propofol + 18% oxygen (propofol–hypoxia, PH). After receiving propofol (50 mg/kg) or the same volume of intralipid intraperitoneal (5.0 ml/kg), injected once per day for seven consecutive days, the rats were exposed to 18% oxygen, 50% oxygen and air, until recovery of the righting reflex. We found that the apoptotic index and activated caspase-3 increased in the PH group (P < 0.05) compared with the PA group, fEPSP (field excitatory postsynaptic) potential and success induction rate of LTP reduced in all propofol groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the PO group, the fEPSP and success induction rate of LTP reduced significantly in the PA and PH groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with CH group, the average time of escape latency was longer, and the number of platform location crossings was significantly reduced in the PH group (P < 0.05). Thus, we believe that adequate oxygen is very important during propofol anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China
| | - Ruixue Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China
| | - Shengfen Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, China
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Abu-Sa'da OS, Armstrong EA, Scott O, Shaw O, Nguyen AT, Shen K, Cheung PY, Baker G, Yager JY. The Effect of Caffeine on the Neuropathological and Neurobehavioral Outcome in the Newborn Rat. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2017.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Abu-Sa'da
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Edward A. Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ori Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Oriana Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Antoinette T. Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Keqin Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Po-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Glen Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jerome Y. Yager
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Makarska-Bialokoz M. Comparative study of binding interactions between porphyrin systems and aromatic compounds of biological importance by multiple spectroscopic techniques: A review. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 200:263-274. [PMID: 29694930 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The specific spectroscopic and redox properties of porphyrins predestine them to fulfill the role of sensors during interacting with different biologically active substances. Monitoring of binding interactions in the systems porphyrin-biologically active compound is a key question not only in the field of physiological functions of living organisms, but also in environmental protection, notably in the light of the rapidly growing drug consumption and concurrently the production of drug effluents. Not always beneficial action of drugs on natural porphyrin systems induces to further studies, with commercially available porphyrins as the model systems. Therefore the binding process between several water-soluble porphyrins and a series of biologically active compounds (e.g. caffeine, guanine, theophylline, theobromine, xanthine, uric acid) has been studied in different aqueous solutions analyzing their absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectra, the porphyrin fluorescence lifetimes and their quantum yields. The magnitude of the binding and fluorescence quenching constants values for particular quenchers decreases in a series: uric acid > guanine > caffeine > theophylline > theobromine > xanthine. In all the systems studied there are characters of static quenching, as a consequence of the π-π-stacked non-covalent and non-fluorescent complexes formation between porphyrins and interacting compounds, accompanied simultaneously by the additional specific binding interactions. The porphyrin fluorescence quenching can be explain by the photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer from aromatic compound to the center of the porphyrin molecule, playing the role of the binding site. Presented results can be valuable for designing of new fluorescent porphyrin chemosensors or monitoring of drug traces in aqueous solutions. The obtained outcomes have also the toxicological and medical importance, providing insight into the interactions of the water-soluble porphyrins with biologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Makarska-Bialokoz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. C. Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a safe natural molecule involved in the immunomodulation of many physiological processes. Orally administered ALA has been reported to treat several inflammatory pathologies and support pregnancy. Our study aimed at testing ALA vaginal administration in female Wistar rats evaluating its tissue distribution (experiment I), impact on implantation process (experiment II), and effectiveness in contrasting induced preterm birth (experiment III). In experiment I, rats were intravaginally treated with 50 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg ALA, or with a physiologic solution, for 4 days. α-Lipoic acid distribution in uterus and cervical tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses. In experiment II, rats received intravaginally the above treatments for 5 days, then they were mated and, if pregnant, included in the experiment to evaluate both implantation rate and the content of implantation mediators in uterus tissues. In experiment III, pregnant rats were pretreated with placebo or with vaginal ALA for 4 days and then induced to delivery with mifepristone plus PGE2 on the 19th day of pregnancy. The delivery time was recorded, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in the uterine tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was also performed. Results showed that vaginal ALA was well absorbed and distributed. The treatment did not affect the implantation process and was able to significantly revert mifepristone plus prostaglandin E2 effects, delaying the timing of delivery and significantly decreasing mRNA synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We provide for the first time new information on vaginal ALA use, even during pregnancy, opening a perspective for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Cilaker Micili
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Goker
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kuscu
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andrea Fuso
- 3 Department of Surgery "P. Valdoni," Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Caffeine use in preterm infants has endured several paradigms: from standard of care to possible neurotoxin to one of the few medications for which there is evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk reduction. The purpose of the review is to analyze this dynamic trajectory and discuss controversies that still remain after decades of caffeine use. RECENT FINDINGS Following concerns for caffeine safety in preterm infants, a large randomized controlled trial demonstrated a reduction in BPD and treatment for patent ductus arteriosus. The lower rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment noted at 18-21 months was not statistically different at later timepoints; however, infants in the caffeine group had lower rates of motor impairment at 11-year follow-up. The time of caffeine therapy initiation is now substantially earlier, and doses used are sometimes higher that previously used, but there are limited data to support these practices. SUMMARY Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity (AOP) remains one of the pillars of neonatal care, although more evidence to support dosing and timing of initiation and discontinuation are needed.
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Curran CP, Marczinski CA. Taurine, caffeine, and energy drinks: Reviewing the risks to the adolescent brain. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1640-1648. [PMID: 29251842 PMCID: PMC5737830 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy drinks are emerging as a major component of the beverage market with sales projected to top $60 billion globally in the next five years. Energy drinks contain a variety of ingredients, but many of the top-selling brands include high doses of caffeine and the amino acid taurine. Energy drink consumption by children has raised concerns, due to potential caffeine toxicity. An additional risk has been noted among college-aged consumers of energy drinks who appear at higher risk of over-consumption of alcohol when the two drinks are consumed together. The differential and combinatorial effects of caffeine and taurine on the developing brain are reviewed here with an emphasis on the adolescent brain, which is still maturing. Key data from animal studies are summarized to highlight both reported benefits and adverse effects reported following acute and chronic exposures. The data suggest that age is an important factor in both caffeine and taurine toxicity. Although the aged or diseased brain might benefit from taurine or caffeine supplementation, it appears that adolescents are not likely to benefit from supplementation and may, in fact, suffer ill effects from chronic ingestion of high doses. Additional work is needed though to address gaps in our understanding of how taurine affects females, since the majority of animal studies focused exclusively on male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Perdan Curran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA 41099
| | - Cecile A. Marczinski
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA 41099
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Endesfelder S, Zaak I, Weichelt U, Bührer C, Schmitz T. Caffeine protects neuronal cells against injury caused by hyperoxia in the immature brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:221-34. [PMID: 24129198 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine administered to preterm infants has been shown to reduce rates of cerebral palsy and cognitive delay, compared to placebo. We investigated the neuroprotective potential of caffeine for the developing brain in a neonatal rat model featuring transient systemic hyperoxia. Using 6-day-old rat pups, we found that after 24 and 48h of 80% oxygen exposure, apoptotic (TUNEL(+)) cell numbers increased in the cortex, hippocampus, and central gray matter, but not in the hippocampus or dentate gyrus. In the dentate gyrus, high oxygen exposure led to a decrease in the number of proliferating (Ki67(+)) cells and the number of Ki67(+) cells double staining for nestin (immature neurons), doublecortin (progenitors), and NeuN (mature neurons). Absolute numbers of nestin(+), doublecortin(+), and NeuN(+) cells also decreased after hyperoxia. This was mirrored in a decline of transcription factors expressed in immature neurons (Pax6, Sox2), progenitors (Tbr2), and mature neurons (Prox1, Tbr1). Administration of a single dose of caffeine (10mg/kg) before high oxygen exposure almost completely prevented these effects. Our findings suggest that caffeine exerts protection for neonatal neurons exposed to high oxygen, possibly via its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Irina Zaak
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weichelt
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Dilek M, Kumral A, Okyay E, Ozbal S, Tugyan K, Tuzun F, Sever AH, Yilmaz O, Duman N, Ozkan H. Protective effects of pentoxifylline on lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in a rat model of periventricular leukomalasia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:1865-71. [PMID: 23614640 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.798290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of maternal pentoxifylline (PNTX) treatment in endotoxin-induced periventricular leukomalasia (PVL) in the developing rat brain. METHOD Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide was administered on two of three Wistar pregnant rats to establish PVL. To obtain PNTX-treated group, one of the two dams were injected with PNTX. The control group was treated with saline. Rat pups were grouped as control, maternal LPS-treated group and PNTX + LPS-treated group. At 7th postnatal days, apoptosis and hypomyelination were evaluated. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT] dUTP nick endlabelling reaction (TUNEL) immunostaining. To assess hypomyelination, myelin basic protein (MBP) staining, as a marker of myelination, was evaluated. RESULTS MBP staining was significantly less and weaker in the brains of the LPS-treated group as compared with the PNTX-treated group. PNTX treatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the periventricular WM shown on Tunel and caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS Presented study is first indicated that PNTX may provide protection against an LPS-induced inflammatory response and WMI in the developing rat brain. Our results also suggest that PNTX treatment in pregnant women with maternal or placental infection may minimize the risk of PVL and cerebral palsy.
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Somekawa-Kondo T, Yamaguchi K, Ishitsuka Y, Ito S, Tanaka K, Irikura M, Moriuchi H, Takahama K, Ando Y, Yamazaki T, Irie T. Aminophylline, administered at usual doses for rodents in pharmacological studies, induces hippocampal neuronal cell injury under low tidal volume hypoxic conditions in guinea-pigs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:102-14. [PMID: 23215693 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish whether aminophylline, administered at usual doses for rodents in pharmacological studies, induces brain injury in systemic hypoxaemia in guinea-pigs. METHODS A hypoxaemia (partial oxygen tension of arterial blood (PaO₂) = 40-60 mmHg) model was developed by low tidal volume mechanical ventilation in guinea-pigs. KEY FINDINGS Under hypoxic conditions, aminophylline significantly increased the concentration of brain-specific creatine kinase in the serum in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A reduced number of hippocampal neuronal cells in the CA1 region, an increase in the concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an increase in lipid hydroperoxides and a decrease in the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide in the brain tissues were also observed. These effects were not observed when aminophylline at the same doses was administered under normoxic conditions (PaO₂ = 80-100 mmHg). There was no difference in either serum or CSF concentrations of theophylline between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Another methylxanthine, caffeine, did not increase the concentration of NSE in CSF. CONCLUSIONS Aminophylline potentially induces brain damage under hypoxic conditions. We suggest that aminophylline treatment has adverse effects in patients with hypoxaemia subsequent to respiratory disorders such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Somekawa-Kondo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Wang X, Guo S, Lu S, Zhou J, Li J, Xia S. Ultrasound-induced release of GDNF from lipid coated microbubbles injected into striatum reduces hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rats. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:495-500. [PMID: 22579834 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that inflammation and apoptosis were involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The immature brain is particularly vulnerable to damage. Intracerebral injection of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to reduce the injury induced by hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this study, the neuroprotective effect of intracerebral ultrasound-induced dissolution of lipid-coated GDNF microbubbles was investigated in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Hypoxic-ischemic injury was induced in 7-day-old rats in the present study. The rats with hypoxia-ischemia received intracerebral injections of GDNF-containing microbubbles (0.5 mg/kg). They then received low frequency ultrasound stimulation (20 kHz, 2 h intervals for a total of 24 h and each time lasted for 1 min) to induce release of GDNF into the right striatum. We found that low frequency ultrasound stimulation can induce lipid-coated GDNF microbubbles to release GDNF. Ultrasound-induced dissolution of lipid-coated GDNF microbubbles treatment reduced infarction volume and improved neurological outcomes in neonatal rats. In the meanwhile, the microbubbles attenuated the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as the activation of caspase-3 in insulted side of brain in neonatal rats. These data demonstrated that ultrasound-induced dissolution of lipid-coated GDNF microbubbles treatment can provide a neuroprotective effect against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xuzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
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Leconte C, Léger M, Boulouard M, Tixier E, Fréret T, Bernaudin M, Schumann-Bard P. Repeated mild hypoxic exposures decrease anxiety-like behavior in the adult mouse together with an increased brain adrenomedullin gene expression. Behav Brain Res 2012; 230:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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