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Atif SM, Mack DG, Martin AK, Fontenot AP. Protective role of tissue-resident regulatory T cells in a murine model of beryllium-induced disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156098. [PMID: 35819849 PMCID: PMC9462505 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells drive the immunopathogenesis of chronic beryllium disease (CBD), and their recruitment to the lung heralds the onset of granulomatous inflammation. We have shown that regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) control granuloma formation in an HLA-DP2 transgenic (Tg) model of CBD. In these mice, Be oxide (BeO) exposure resulted in the accumulation of three distinct CD4+ T cell subsets in the lung with the majority of tissue-resident memory cells expressing FoxP3. The amount of Be regulated the number of total and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and Tregs in the lungs of HLA-DP2 Tg mice. Depletion of Tregs increased the number of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and enhanced lung injury while mice treated with IL2/αIL-2 complexes had increased Tregs and reduced inflammation and Be-responsive T cells in the lung. BeO-experienced resident Tregs suppressed anti-CD3-induced proliferation of CD4+ T cells in a contact-dependent manner. CLTLA-4 and ICOS blockade as well as addition of LPS to BeO-exposed mice increased the Teff/Treg ratio and enhanced lung injury. Collectively, these data show that the protective role of tissue-resident Tregs is dependent on quantity of Be exposure and is overcome by blocking immune regulatory molecules or additional environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Auroroa, United States of America
| | - Douglas G Mack
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Auroroa, United States of America
| | - Allison K Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Auroroa, United States of America
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Auroroa, United States of America
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McKee AS, Atif SM, Falta MT, Fontenot AP. Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease. J I 2022; 208:1835-1843. [PMID: 35418504 PMCID: PMC9106315 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis and chronic beryllium disease are noninfectious lung diseases that are characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. Chronic beryllium disease is caused by occupational exposure to beryllium containing particles, whereas the etiology of sarcoidosis is not known. Genetic susceptibility for both diseases is associated with particular MHC class II alleles, and CD4+ T cells are implicated in their pathogenesis. The innate immune system plays a critical role in the initiation of pathogenic CD4+ T cell responses as well as the transition to active lung disease and disease progression. In this review, we highlight recent insights into Ag recognition in chronic beryllium disease and sarcoidosis. In addition, we discuss the current understanding of the dynamic interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems and their impact on disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S McKee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Michael T Falta
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Petanová J, Bencko V. Health aspects of exposure to emissions from burning coal of high beryllium content: interactions with the immune system. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 28:198-201. [PMID: 32997475 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Beryllium has an impact on the human health of professionally or non-occupationally exposed people. Current evidence suggests that beryllium acts as a hapten with limited antigenic properties and is presented by antigen presenting cells to CD4+ T cells, which possess specific antigen receptors. The immunological changes in humoral immunoreactivity were considered biomarkers of beryllium exposure. In the present, due to the development of immunologic knowledge, tests of cellular immunity have promising potential for further research in this field. The historical view of the immune response to beryllium in acute and/or chronic beryllium disease is an example of the development of the interaction between mechanisms of innate and adaptive (specific), humoral and cellular immunity. The authors emphasize the increasing importance of immunological aspects in the studies of health impacts of human exposure to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Petanová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Abstract
Abstract
Beryllium has long been considered the most toxic non-radioactive element to humans. However, it is shown that the acute toxicity of beryllium ions does not exceed that of other toxic cations like Cd2+, Ba2+, Hg2+ or As3+. The physiological mechanisms liable for the development of beryllium-associated diseases are discussed. Additionally an overview over proposed low-molecular model system for the beryllium species responsible for beryllioses is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
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5
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Abstract
The coordination chemistry of beryllium with ligands containing biologically relevant functional groups is discussed. The geometry, speciation and reactivity of these compounds, aids a better understanding of metal ion induced immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie
- Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
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6
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Silveira LJ, Strand M, Van Dyke MV, Mroz MM, Faino AV, Dabelea DM, Maier LA, Fingerlin TE. Clinical tool for disease phenotyping in granulomatous lung disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188119. [PMID: 29145499 PMCID: PMC5690625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to beryllium may lead to granuloma formation and fibrosis in those who develop chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Although disease presentation varies from mild to severe, little is known about CBD phenotypes. This study characterized CBD disease phenotypes using longitudinal measures of lung function. Methods Using a case-only study of 207 CBD subjects, subject-specific trajectories over time were estimated from longitudinal pulmonary function and exercise-tolerance tests. To estimate linear combinations of the 30-year values that define underlying patterns of lung function, we conducted factor analysis. Cluster analysis was then performed on all the predicted lung function values at 30 years. These estimates were used to identify underlying features and subgroups of CBD. Results Two factors, or composite measures, explained nearly 70% of the co-variation among the tests; one factor represented pulmonary function in addition to oxygen consumption and workload during exercise, while the second factor represented exercise tests related to gas exchange. Factors were associated with granulomas on biopsy, exposure, steroid use and lung inflammation. Three clusters of patients (n = 53, n = 59 and, n = 95) were identified based on the collection of test values. Lower levels of each of the factor composite scores and cluster membership were associated with baseline characteristics of patients. Conclusions Using factor analysis and cluster analysis, we identified disease phenotypes that were associated with baseline patient characteristics, suggesting that CBD is a heterogeneous disease with varying severity. These clinical tools may be used in future basic and clinical studies to help define the mechanisms and risk factors for disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori J. Silveira
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew Strand
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Van Dyke
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. Mroz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anna V. Faino
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dana M. Dabelea
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Maier
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Neff CP, Chain JL, MaWhinney S, Martin AK, Linderman DJ, Flores SC, Campbell TB, Palmer BE, Fontenot AP. Lymphocytic alveolitis is associated with the accumulation of functionally impaired HIV-specific T cells in the lung of antiretroviral therapy-naive subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:464-73. [PMID: 25536276 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1521oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Lymphocytic alveolitis in HIV-1-infected individuals is associated with multiple pulmonary complications and a poor prognosis. Although lymphocytic alveolitis has been associated with viremia and an increased number of CD8(+) T cells in the lung, its exact cause is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine if HIV-1-specific T cells are associated with lymphocytic alveolitis in HIV-1-infected individuals. METHODS Using blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from normal control subjects and untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, we examined the frequency and functional capacity of HIV-1-specific T cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found that HIV-1-specific T cells were significantly elevated in the BAL compared with blood of HIV-1-infected individuals and strongly correlated with T-cell alveolitis. Expression of Ki67, a marker of in vivo proliferation, was significantly reduced on HIV-1-specific T cells in BAL compared with blood, suggesting a diminished proliferative capacity. In addition, HIV-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in BAL had higher expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and lower cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression than those in the blood. A strong correlation between PD-1, but not CTLA-4, and HIV-1-specific T-cell proliferation was seen, and blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway augmented HIV-1-specific T-cell proliferation, suggesting that the PD-1 pathway was the main cause of reduced proliferation in the lung. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that alveolitis associated with HIV-1 infection is caused by the recruitment of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to the lung. These antigen-specific T cells display an impaired proliferative capacity that is caused by increased expression of PD-1.
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Mack DG, Falta MT, McKee AS, Martin AK, Simonian PL, Crawford F, Gordon T, Mercer RR, Hoover MD, Marrack P, Kappler JW, Tuder RM, Fontenot AP. Regulatory T cells modulate granulomatous inflammation in an HLA-DP2 transgenic murine model of beryllium-induced disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8553-8. [PMID: 24912188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408048111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is linked to certain HLA-DP molecules, including HLA-DP2. To elucidate the molecular basis of this association, we exposed mice transgenic (Tg) for HLA-DP2 to beryllium oxide (BeO) via oropharyngeal aspiration. As opposed to WT mice, BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice developed mononuclear infiltrates in a peribronchovascular distribution that were composed of CD4(+) T cells and included regulatory T (Treg) cells. Beryllium-responsive, HLA-DP2-restricted CD4(+) T cells expressing IFN-γ and IL-2 were present in BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice and not in WT mice. Using Be-loaded HLA-DP2-peptide tetramers, we identified Be-specific CD4(+) T cells in the mouse lung that recognize identical ligands as CD4(+) T cells derived from the human lung. Importantly, a subset of HLA-DP2 tetramer-binding CD4(+) T cells expressed forkhead box P3, consistent with the expansion of antigen-specific Treg cells. Depletion of Treg cells in BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice exacerbated lung inflammation and enhanced granuloma formation. These findings document, for the first time to our knowledge, the development of a Be-specific adaptive immune response in mice expressing HLA-DP2 and the ability of Treg cells to modulate the beryllium-induced granulomatous immune response.
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Galati D, De Martino M, Trotta A, Rea G, Bruzzese D, Cicchitto G, Stanziola AA, Napolitano M, Sanduzzi A, Bocchino M. Peripheral depletion of NK cells and imbalance of the Treg/Th17 axis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Cytokine 2014; 66:119-26. [PMID: 24418172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The immune response plays an unsettled role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the contribution of inflammation being controversial as well. Emerging novel T cell sub-populations including regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and interleukin (IL)-17 secreting T helper cells (Th17) may exert antithetical actions in this scenario. Phenotype and frequency of circulating immune cell subsets were assessed by multi-parametric flow cytometry in 29 clinically stable IPF patients and 17 healthy controls. The interplay between Treg lymphocytes expressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Th17 cells was also investigated. Proportion and absolute number of natural killer (NK) cells were significantly reduced in IPF patients in comparison with controls (p<0.001). Conversely, the proportion and absolute number of CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp-3(+) cells were significantly increased in IPF patients (p=0.000). As in controls, almost the totality of cells (>90%) expressed TGF-β upon stimulation. Interestingly, the frequency of Th17 cells was significantly compromised in IPF patients (p=0.000) leading to an increased TGF-β/IL-17 ratio (4.2±2.3 vs 0.5±0.3 in controls, p=0.000). Depletion of NK and Th17 cells along with a not compromised Treg compartment delineate the existence of an "immune profile" that argue against the recent hypothesis of IPF as an autoimmune disease. Our findings along with the imbalance of the Treg/Th17 axis more closely suggest these immune perturbations to be similar to those observed in cancer. Clinical relevance, limitations and perspectives for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galati
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina De Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Trotta
- UOSC Immunologia Oncologica, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rea
- Dipartimento dei Servizi Diagnostici e Generali, Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Napolitano
- UOSC Immunologia Oncologica, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanduzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Bocchino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Kim KW, Kim D, Won YL, Kang SK. Effects of beryllium on human serum immunoglobulin and lymphocyte subpopulation. Toxicol Res 2013; 29:115-20. [PMID: 24278637 PMCID: PMC3834450 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2013.29.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of short-term exposure of beryllium on the human immune system, the proportion of T-lymphocytes such as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD95, and NK cells, andthe proportion of B cells and TNFα level in peripheral blood and immunoglobulins in the serum of 43 exposed workers and 34 healthy control subjects were studied. External exposure to beryllium was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer as recommended by the NIOSH analytical method 7300. T lymphocyte subpopulation analysis was carried out with flow cytometer. The working duration of exposed workers was less than 3 months and the mean ambient beryllium level was 3.4 μg/m(3), 112.3 μg/m(3), and 2.3 μg/m(3) in molding (furnace), deforming (grinding), and sorting processes, respectively (cited from Kim et al., 2008). However, ambient beryllium level after process change was non-detectable (< 0.1 μg/m(3)). The number of T lymphocytes and the amount of immunoglobulins in the beryllium-exposed workers and control subjects were not significantly different, except for the total number of lymphocytes and CD95 (APO1/FAS). The total number of lymphocytes was higher in the beryllium-exposed individuals than in the healthy control subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed lymphocytes to be affected by beryllium exposure (odd ratio = 7.293; p < 0.001). These results show that short-term exposure to beryllium does not induce immune dysfunction but is probably associated with lymphocytes proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Incheon, Korea
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Pacheco Y, Calender A, Valeyre D, Lebecque S. [Role of T lymphocyte cyclic nucleotides and G protein in sarcoidosis]. Rev Mal Respir 2013; 30:644-56. [PMID: 24182651 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes play a major role in the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis. Many studies have investigated the immunological and genetic abnormalities in this disease. There are few studies concerning the metabolic pathways. Essentially they concern the pathways: STAT1, MAPK38, NF-κB, Galphai, cAMP and cGMP PDE and PEMT1. Using studies in the literature and results of our own work concerning some metabolic aspects of T lymphocytes in sarcoidosis, we present a revue of the various hypotheses, which involve dysfunction of cAMP signaling pathways, such as RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK in T lymphocytes, leading to a disorder of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pacheco
- UMR Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, faculté C.-Merieux, université Claude-Bernard Lyon-1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Mikko M, Forsslund H, Cui L, Grunewald J, Wheelock Å, Wahlström J, Sköld C. Increased intraepithelial (CD103+) CD8+ T cells in the airways of smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immunobiology 2013; 218:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Maier LA, Barkes BQ, Mroz M, Rossman MD, Barnard J, Gillespie M, Martin A, Mack DG, Silveira L, Sawyer RT, Newman LS, Fontenot AP. Infliximab therapy modulates an antigen-specific immune response in chronic beryllium disease. Respir Med 2012; 106:1810-3. [PMID: 22974830 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Martin AK, Mack DG, Falta MT, Mroz MM, Newman LS, Maier LA, Fontenot AP. Beryllium-specific CD4+ T cells in blood as a biomarker of disease progression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:1100-6.e1-5. [PMID: 21943943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4(+) T cells are responsible for the progressive lung damage seen in patients with chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a granulomatous lung disorder in which antigen-specific, T(H)1-type, cytokine-secreting T cells have been characterized. Compared with those seen in beryllium (Be)-sensitized subjects, increased numbers of Be-responsive T cells are present in the blood of patients with CBD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the number of Be-specific T cells in blood predicted the development of CBD in a cohort of Be-exposed subjects. METHODS Using IFN-γ ELISpot and proliferation-based assays, we determined the frequency and proliferative capacity of Be-responsive T cells in blood. RESULTS Compared with the Be lymphocyte proliferation test, which detected an abnormal Be-induced proliferative response in 11 (4.2%) of 260 workers from a Be-machining facility, the IFN-γ ELISpot detected a sensitization rate of 10% (χ(2) = 55.7, P < .0001). A significant positive correlation was also noted between the number of Be-responsive CD4(+) T cells in the blood and lung tissue of patients with CBD. Importantly, the transition from Be sensitization to CBD was associated with an increased number of antigen-specific T cells in blood. CONCLUSION These findings have important implications for Be-induced disease and potentially other immune-mediated disorders, suggesting that the frequency of antigen-specific T cells in blood can serve as a noninvasive biomarker to predict disease development and severity of the Be-specific CD4(+) T-cell alveolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo 80045, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Risbano MG, Meadows CA, Coldren CD, Jenkins TJ, Edwards MG, Collier D, Huber W, Mack DG, Fontenot AP, Geraci MW, Bull TM. Altered immune phenotype in peripheral blood cells of patients with scleroderma-associated pulmonary hypertension. Clin Transl Sci 2011; 3:210-8. [PMID: 20973920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2010.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a common and fatal complication of scleroderma that may involve inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms. Alterations in the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been previously described in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Our goal is to identify differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in scleroderma patients with and without pulmonary hypertension as biomarkers of disease. Gene expression analysis was performed on a Microarray Cohort of scleroderma patients with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) pulmonary hypertension. Differentially expressed genes were confirmed in the Microarray Cohort and validated in a Validation Cohort of scleroderma patients with (n = 15) and without (n = 19) pulmonary hypertension by RT-qPCR. We identified inflammatory and immune-related genes including interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) and chemokine receptor 7 as differentially expressed in patients with scleroderma-associated pulmonary hypertension. Flow cytometry confirmed decreased expression of IL-7R on circulating CD4+ T-cells from scleroderma patients with pulmonary hypertension. Differences exist in the expression of inflammatory and immune-related genes in peripheral blood cells from patients with scleroderma-related pulmonary hypertension compared to those with normal pulmonary artery pressures. These findings may have implications as biomarkers to screen at-risk populations for early diagnosis and provide insight into mechanisms of scleroderma-related pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Risbano
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, USA.
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Sawyer RT, Maier LA. Chronic beryllium disease: an updated model interaction between innate and acquired immunity. Biometals 2011; 24:1-17. [PMID: 20981472 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, there have been concerted efforts to reduce beryllium (Be) exposure in the workplace and thereby reduce potential cases of this occupational lung disorder. Despite these efforts, it is estimated that there are at least one million Be-exposed individuals in the U.S. who are potentially at risk for developing chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Previously, we reviewed the current CBD literature and proposed that CBD represents a model interaction between innate and acquired immunity (Sawyer et al., Int Immunopharmacol 2:249-261, 2002). We closed this review with a section on "future directions" that identified key gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of CBD. In the intervening period, progress has been made to fill in some of these gaps, and the current review will provide an update on that progress. Based on recent findings, we provide a new hypothesis to explain how Be drives sustained chronic inflammation and granuloma formation in CBD leading to progressive compromised lung function in CBD patients. This paradigm has direct implications for our understanding of the development of an immune response to Be, but is also likely applicable to other immune-mediated lung diseases of known and unknown etiology.
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