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Curate F, Alves I, Rodrigues T, Garcia SJ. Assigned sex estimation with the clavicle and scapula: A study in a Portuguese reference sample. Med Sci Law 2024; 64:15-22. [PMID: 37170562 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231174822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of biological sex is a critical step in the assessment of the biological profile of an anonymous skeletonized individual. In certain recovery circumstances, the most dimorphic skeletal areas, such as the pelvis, are absent or fragmented; in that case, other bones of the skeleton, including the clavicle and scapula, can be used to predict sex. The purpose of this research is to generate new models for the estimation of sex with clavicular and scapular measurements using a study-sample of 129 individuals with clavicle (65 males and 64 females) and 112 individuals with scapula (50 males and 62 females) from the Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collection (Portugal). A decision tree classifier (C4.5) and logistic regression (LR) were employed to create univariable and multivariable sex prediction models. Accuracy under cross-validation of the classification models is high (up to 93.8%), with minimal bias (<5%), particularly in the multivariable models. The proposed LR models facilitate the probabilistic estimation of biological sex, accounting for the significant overlap in the expression of sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Curate
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Tomar, Portugal
| | - Inês Alves
- Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tomás Rodrigues
- Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana J Garcia
- Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- National Museum of Natural History and Science, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Castillo-Alonso C, Tabilo L, López-Lázaro S. Use of dimensions in posterior dentition for sex estimation in forensic contexts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105782. [PMID: 37611493 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the validity of dimensions in posterior dentition for sex estimation in forensic contexts. DESIGN A systematic review was established following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). After assessing the risk of bias and methodological quality with the QUADAS-2 system, the data were subjected to statistical tests for a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and I2 to verify the heterogeneity. RESULTS The search resulted in 15 studies that underwent qualitative testing, all were selected for quantitative analysis. The papers included: the mesiodistal of the upper first molar, lower first molar, and upper second molar, and the buccolingual of the upper first molar and upper second molar. The results showed that sensitivity and specificity rates were lower with the mesiodistal diameter, with rates of 0.577 for the lower first molar, 0.674 for the upper first molar, and 0.698 for the upper second molar, while the rates were higher with the buccolingual diameter, with 0.724 for the upper first molar, and 0.743 for the upper second molar. The power to estimate sex is greater for males than for females. High heterogeneity was detected among the studies of almost all dimensions, except sensibility for the lower first molar and specificity for the upper second molar. CONCLUSIONS None of the dimensions reached an accuracy of ≥80%, however, so they are not a reliable method for sex estimation in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo-Alonso
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Av. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luna Tabilo
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Av. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Av. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, Chile; Forensic Dentistry Lab, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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3
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Bu W, Ji L, Han M, Wu Z, Sultan B, Chen T, Tang Y, Guo Y, Wang F. Accuracy comparison of tooth volume and mesiodistal diameter measurements for sex dimorphism based on cone-beam computed tomography: a study for the northern Chinese population. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:133-139. [PMID: 37621453 PMCID: PMC10445665 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex estimation based on teeth could help to narrow the scope for individual identification. According to the different teeth morphology among both genders, we plan to establish a sex estimation method for the northern Chinese population through mesiodistal diameter and teeth volume measurements and compare the accuracy of the two methods. In this study, measurements were taken from cone-beam computed tomography images collected from 142 males and 140 females aged 21-59 years. The mesiodistal diameter and volume of the left canines and the first molars in both upper and lower jaws were measured and analyzed for suitable coefficients. We selected 80% samples as the training set to set up the logistic regression formulas and 20% as the test set to obtain accuracy. The accuracy of sex estimation by mesiodistal diameter can reach 87.50%, and the volume is up to 78.57%. The measurement of mesiodistal diameter is less time-consuming. This work established and tested a method to estimate sex for the northern Chinese population. Results showed that sex estimation based on the mesiodistal diameter of teeth has higher accuracy than the method based on teeth volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingling Ji
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengqi Han
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Badr Sultan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Teng Chen
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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4
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Harudin MH, Franco A, Jaffar N, Noor MHM, Ibrahim MA, Manica S. Volumetric assessment of canines using post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) for sexual dimorphism in a Malaysian population. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 36945364 PMCID: PMC10021044 DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has explored volumetric assessment in three-dimensional (3D) imaging procedures for sexual dimorphism. The 3D techniques have enabled a more realistic, accurate, and non-invasive visualization of sex-related anatomical parameters, such as the size and shape of human teeth. Aim To perform sexual dimorphism based on dental tissue volumes of permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines in a Malaysian population. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) scans of Malaysian subjects (114 males and 106 females) aged between 18 and 40 years old. The permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines were analysed based on the volume of their (I) enamel cap, (II) coronal dentine, and (III) root, as well as the combination between the three dental tissue volumes (DTV). 3D Slicer version 4.10.2 computer software was used to perform a semi-automated segmentation of the anatomic regions of interest of each tooth. Results The DTV of the permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines showed sexual dimorphism as the males presented larger DTV than females (p < 0.05). After binary logistic regression, the DTV revealed an overall sex classification rate of 60 to 74.1%. The DTV of the permanent left mandibular canine had more discriminant power to correctly classify males and females compared to the left maxillary canine. Conclusions The volumetric assessment of the dental tissues of the permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines could discriminate sex in the Malaysian population. Given the limited classification rate, this approach could act solely as a supplementary tool to existing sex estimation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafizal Harudin
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Unit of Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ademir Franco
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Norhayati Jaffar
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Unit of Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Helmee Mohamad Noor
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Unit of Forensic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Azaini Ibrahim
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic Institute of Malaysia (NFIM), Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Scheila Manica
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Beschiu LM, Ardelean LC, Tigmeanu CV, Rusu L. Cranial and Odontological Methods for Sex Estimation—A Scoping Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:1273. [PMID: 36143950 PMCID: PMC9505889 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of sex from osteological and dental records has long been an interdisciplinary field of dentistry, forensic medicine and anthropology alike, as it concerns all the above mentioned specialties. The aim of this article is to review the current literature regarding methods used for sex estimation based on the skull and the teeth, covering articles published between January 2015 and July 2022. New methods and new approaches to old methods are constantly emerging in this field, therefore resulting in the need to summarize the large amount of data available. Morphometric, morphologic and biochemical analysis were reviewed in living populations, autopsy cases and archaeological records. The cranial and odontological sex estimation methods are highly population-specific and there is a great need for these methods to be applied to and verified on more populations. Except for DNA analysis, which has a prediction accuracy of 100%, there is no other single method that can achieve such accuracy in predicting sex from cranial or odontological records.
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Albernaz Neves J, Antunes-Ferreira N, Machado V, Botelho J, Proença L, Quintas A, Sintra Delgado A, Mendes JJ. An Umbrella Review of the Evidence of Sex Determination Procedures in Forensic Dentistry. J Pers Med 2022; 12:787. [PMID: 35629209 PMCID: PMC9147890 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex determination in forensic dentistry is a major step towards postmortem profiling. The most widely recognized method is DNA, yet its application in the dental field of forensic sciences is still impractical. Depending on the conditions of the remains, teeth are often the only surviving organ. Some systematic reviews (SRs) have been recently produced; hence this umbrella review critically assesses their level of evidence and provides an overall comprehensive view. An electronic database search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and LILACS) and three grey search engines up to December 2021, focusing on SRs of sex determination through forensic dentistry procedures. The methodological quality of the SRs was analyzed using the measurement tool to assess SRs criteria (AMSTAR2). Five SRs were included, two of critically low quality and three of low quality. The SRs posited that canines are the most dimorphic teeth; oral tissue remnants are a rich source for sex determination by DNA tracing; and artificial intelligence tools demonstrate high potential in forensic dentistry. The quality of evidence on sex determination using dental approaches was rated as low. Well-designed clinical trials and high standard systematic reviews are essential to corroborate the accuracy of the different procedures of sex determination in forensic dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Albernaz Neves
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Nathalie Antunes-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz (LCFPEM), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (N.A.-F.); (A.Q.)
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Orthodontics Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (EMDC), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz (LCFPEM), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (N.A.-F.); (A.Q.)
| | - Ana Sintra Delgado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Orthodontics Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (EMDC), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.B.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
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7
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Rocha MFN, Pinto PHV, Franco A, da Silva RHA. Applicability of the mandibular canine index for sex estimation: a systematic review. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-022-00270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Mandibular Canine Index (MCI) comprises a method of sex estimation by teeth that presents controversial results in the literature.
Main body
This systematic review aims to expose whether MCI can be used as a method of reliable sex estimation. A literature search was performed using the keywords “canine,” “sex,” “gender,” “determination,” “estimation,” “dimorphism,” “assessment,” “forensic” in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo, and Web of Science. In addition, manual searches were carried out on the reference lists of the selected articles to cover the largest number of articles of interest as possible. Studies that performed the measurements only on maxillary canines, scientific conferences abstract books, case reports and literature reviews were excluded. The assessment of methodological quality and risk of bias was carried out based on a checklist for cross-sectional studies and another for accuracy studies. Thus, 53 articles were selected, 13 of which were accurate and 40 were cross-sectional. All accuracy articles were assessed as low risk. Among cross-sectional articles, seven were considered to be of low risk, 31 of moderate risk, and two of high risk. The accuracy of the sex estimate by MCI was verified and, despite varying among studies, the minimum and maximum values found were, respectively, 20% and 87.5% for women and 40.6% and 94% for men.
Conclusion
The accuracy of the MCI was variable and should be used with caution and as an auxiliary method of sex estimation.
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Gamulin O, Škrabić M, Serec K, Par M, Baković M, Krajačić M, Babić SD, Šegedin N, Osmani A, Vodanović M. Possibility of Human Gender Recognition Using Raman Spectra of Teeth. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133983. [PMID: 34210090 PMCID: PMC8271900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender determination of the human remains can be very challenging, especially in the case of incomplete ones. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept experiment where the possibility of gender recognition using Raman spectroscopy of teeth is investigated. Raman spectra were recorded from male and female molars and premolars on two distinct sites, tooth apex and anatomical neck. Recorded spectra were sorted into suitable datasets and initially analyzed with principal component analysis, which showed a distinction between spectra of male and female teeth. Then, reduced datasets with scores of the first 20 principal components were formed and two classification algorithms, support vector machine and artificial neural networks, were applied to form classification models for gender recognition. The obtained results showed that gender recognition with Raman spectra of teeth is possible but strongly depends both on the tooth type and spectrum recording site. The difference in classification accuracy between different tooth types and recording sites are discussed in terms of the molecular structure difference caused by the influence of masticatory loading or gender-dependent life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Škrabić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Serec
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marija Baković
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maria Krajačić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
| | - Sanja Dolanski Babić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Šegedin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aziz Osmani
- Community Health Center “Kutina”, 44320 Kutina, Croatia;
| | - Marin Vodanović
- Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sex determination can be useful in forensic casework, such as in mass disasters, transportation accidents, and cases of a missing person or sexual assault. The remnants of the body can be traced by DNA of the victim, using samples from various sources such as teeth, oral epithelial tissue, and saliva.
Main body
The review aimed to describe research in forensic dentistry with DNA source from the oral region and methods of the applied DNA analysis. A search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus electronic databases from 2009 to 2019 was conducted to include studies according to PRISMA guidelines. Ten studies were eligible for the review. Genetic markers originated from dentin, dental pulp, saliva, or epithelial cells from buccal tissue and prosthesis. The applied DNA analysis methods were PCR, real-time PCR, and nested PCR.
Conclusions
The published articles mostly showed successful DNA extraction and sex determination, but the rate of success declined as the sample source underwent manipulation to mimic the forensic conditions. Amelogenin, SRY, and DYS14 were reliable indicators for sex determination. Molecular analysis has proved to be efficient and accurate, but the daily forensic practice must select the most appropriate method according to the available body remnants.
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10
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Neves JA, Antunes-ferreira N, Machado V, Botelho J, Proença L, Quintas A, Mendes JJ, Delgado AS. Sex Prediction Based on Mesiodistal Width Data in the Portuguese Population. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:4156. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate sex prediction is a key step in creating a postmortem forensic profile as it excludes approximately half the population. It is our goal to develop a predictive model to establish sex through teeth mesiodistal widths in a Portuguese population. The pretreatment dental casts of 168 of Portuguese orthodontics subjects (59 males and 109 females) were included. Mesiodistal widths from right first molar to left first molar were measured on each pretreatment cast to the nearest 0.01 mm using a digital caliper. Overall, the mesiodistal widths of the upper and lower canines, premolars, and molars were found to be significantly different between females and males. Conversely, no significant differences between sexes were identified for incisors. A multivariate logistic regression model for sex prediction was developed and the teeth included in the final reduced model being the upper left canine (2.3), the lower right lateral incisor (4.2) and the lower right canine (4.3). There is a prevalence of sexual dimorphism in all teeth except the incisors. The canines present the most noticeable difference between sexes. The presented sex determination predictive model exhibits an overall correct classification of 75%, outperforming all available models for this purpose and therefore is a potential tool for forensic analysis in this population.
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11
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Ishikawa N, Hirayama Y, Miake Y, Kitamura K, Kasahara N, Abe S, Yamamoto H. Comparison of the Morphological Structures of the Human Calvarium and Turtle Shell. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Ishikawa
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yuzo Hirayama
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yasuo Miake
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Norio Kasahara
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College
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12
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Azevedo Á, Pereira ML, Gouveia S, Tavares JN, Caldas IM. Sex estimation using the mandibular canine index components. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 15:191-7. [PMID: 30535911 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The mandibular canine index (MCI) has been described as a suitable methodology for sex estimation in forensic scenarios but there are contradictory reports about its accuracy. Moreover, the two mandibular canine teeth must be available, which is not always a viable option. The aim of this study was to strip the MCI by analyzing the MCI itself and its components, in order to optimize its use for sex estimation. The mesiodistal dimensions of the mandibular canine crown and the mandibular canine arch width were measured in a sample of 120 cast models. Five predictor variables were considered in this study: the standard MCI, a variation of the MCI using the left canine, and MCI components (MD43, MD33 and D33-43). Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed using stepwise forward approach to select the most statistical relevant variables on the probability of a cast being from a female. The estimated probability was then analyzed with respect to performance in sex classification (ROC analysis and optimal cut-offs accuracy) and compared with the performance of the univariate variables. MCI43 and MCI33 presented the lowest performance (64.2% and 63.3% respectively), and the highest overall accuracy was attained using the MD43 and MD33 (85.8% in both cases). The multivariate logistic model obtained (using MD43 and MD33) exhibited the same accuracy as the logistic model based solely on MD43 (85.8%). Our results suggest that MD43 should be used instead of MCI for sex estimation.
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Adserias-Garriga J, Thomas C, Ubelaker DH, C Zapico S. When forensic odontology met biochemistry: Multidisciplinary approach in forensic human identification. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 87:7-14. [PMID: 29241027 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When human remains are found, the priority of the investigation is to ascertain the identity of the deceased. A positive identification is a key factor in providing closure for the family of the deceased; it is also required to issue the death certificate and therefore, to settle legal affairs. Moreover, it is difficult for any forensic investigation involving human remains to be solved without the determination of an identity. Therefore, personal identification is necessary for social, legal and forensic reasons. In the last thirty years forensic odontology has experienced an important transformation, from primarily involving occasional dental identification into a broader role, contributing to the determination of the biological profile. In the same way, "DNA fingerprinting" has evolved not only in terms of improving its technology, but also in its application beyond the "classical": helping with the estimation of sex, age and ancestry. As these two forensic disciplines have developed independently, their pathways have crossed several times through human identification operations, especially the ones that require a multidisciplinary approach. Thus, the aim of this review is to describe the contributions of both forensic odontology and molecular biology/biochemistry to human identification, demonstrating how a multidisciplinary approach can lead to a better and more efficient identification.
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