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Anselmi S, Pastorino P, Provenza F, Renzi M. Ecotoxicity of marine sediments: Sampling and laboratory artifacts and their impacts on risk classification. J Environ Manage 2023; 334:117483. [PMID: 36796195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the ecotoxicological risk of marine sediments is now a critical factor in deciding how to treat dredged material in harbor and coastal areas. Although ecotoxicological analyses are routinely required by some regulatory agencies in Europe, laboratory skills necessary to perform them are often underestimated. According to the Italian Ministerial decree No. 173/2016, ecotoxicological tests are performed on the solid phase and elutriates, and the classification of sediment quality is defined using the "Weight of Evidence" (WOE) approach. However, the decree does not provide adequate information regarding the preparation techniques and laboratory skills. As result, a wide variability among laboratories occurs. An error in the classification of ecotoxicological risk has a negative impact on the whole environmental quality and/or the economy and management of the interested area. Thus, the main aim of this study was to determine if such variability can affect the ecotoxicological outcomes of tested species and WOE associated classification, producing different options for the management of dredged sediments. Four different sediment types were selected to assess the ecotoxicological responses and their changes as a function of variability of the following factors: a) the storage time laps (STL) for both the solid phase and the elutriates; b) the methods used to prepare the elutriates (centrifugation vs. filtration), and the conservation method used for the elutriates (freshly prepared vs. freezing). Results suggest a wide variability of ecotoxicological responses among the four sediment samples here considered, differentiated according to chemical pollution, grain-size texture, and macronutrient contents. The storage time laps significantly affect the physicochemical parameters and the ecotoxicity of both the solid phase test and elutriates. For the elutriates preparation, centrifugation is preferred to filtration to preserve a better representation of sediment heterogeneity. Freezing of elutriates does not seem to show any significant effects on the toxicity. Findings allow to define a weighted schedule of the storage time of sediments and elutriates useful for laboratories to scale analytical priority and strategies related to different sediment types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Anselmi
- Bioscience Research Center, via Aurelia Vecchia 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Provenza
- Bioscience Research Center, via Aurelia Vecchia 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00164, Roma, Italy
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Broccoli A, Morroni L, Valentini A, Vitiello V, Renzi M, Nuccio C, Pellegrini D. Comparison of different ecotoxicological batteries with WOE approach for the environmental quality evaluation of harbour sediments. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 237:105905. [PMID: 34229254 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted under the Italian Ministerial Decree D.M. 173/2016 which regulates the assessment of the Sediment Class Quality in Italy using ecotoxicological bioassay and chemical analysis (Weight-Of-Evidence model). The aim of this work was to evaluate the real classification obtained by the theoretically equivalent responses of nine different combinations of batteries based on six different species: Aliivibrio fischeri (inhibition of bioluminescence), Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum, Dunaliella tertiolecta (inhibition of algal growth), Paracentrotus lividus and Crassostrea gigas (embryotoxicity). Bioassays, in many cases, showed a non-bioavailability effect of the pollutants; these one highly revealed by the chemical analyses. Algal species showed responses very similar from each other. Otherwise, species used for embryotoxicity produced wide responses, consequently modifying the quality class of sediments and the handling management (i.e. landfill confinement or beach nourishment) allowed by the Law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Broccoli
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, Orbetello 58015, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Morroni
- Italian Institute for the Environmental Protection and Research, Via del Cedro, 38, Livorno 57122, Italy
| | - Andrea Valentini
- Tuscany Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection, Via Fiume, 35, Grosseto 58100, Italy
| | - Valentina Vitiello
- Italian Institute for the Environmental Protection and Research, Via del Cedro, 38, Livorno 57122, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Caterina Nuccio
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via P.A. Micheli, 1, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - David Pellegrini
- Italian Institute for the Environmental Protection and Research, Via del Cedro, 38, Livorno 57122, Italy
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3
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Luna GM, Manini E, Turk V, Tinta T, D'Errico G, Baldrighi E, Baljak V, Buda D, Cabrini M, Campanelli A, Cenov A, Del Negro P, Drakulović D, Fabbro C, Glad M, Grilec D, Grilli F, Jokanović S, Jozić S, Kauzlarić V, Kraus R, Marini M, Mikuš J, Milandri S, Pećarević M, Perini L, Quero GM, Šolić M, Lušić DV, Zoffoli S. Status of faecal pollution in ports: A basin-wide investigation in the Adriatic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 147:219-228. [PMID: 29636186 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ports are subject to a variety of anthropogenic impacts, and there is mounting evidence of faecal contamination through several routes. Yet, little is known about pollution in ports by faecal indicator bacteria (FIB). FIB spatio-temporal dynamics were assessed in 12 ports of the Adriatic Sea, a semi-enclosed basin under strong anthropogenic pressure, and their relationships with environmental variables were explored to gain insight into pollution sources. FIB were abundant in ports, often more so than in adjacent areas; their abundance patterns were related to salinity, oxygen, and nutrient levels. In addition, a molecular method, quantitative (q)PCR, was used to quantify FIB. qPCR enabled faster FIB determination and water quality monitoring that culture-based methods. These data provide robust baseline evidence of faecal contamination in ports and can be used to improve the management of routine port activities (dredging and ballast water exchange), having potential to spread pathogens in the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Luna
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), National Research Council, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elena Manini
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), National Research Council, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Turk
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Tinkara Tinta
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Giuseppe D'Errico
- Department for Life and Environmental Science (DISVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Baldrighi
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), National Research Council, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vanja Baljak
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Donatella Buda
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) on Marine Biotoxin, Viale A. Vespucci 2, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Marina Cabrini
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Oceanography Division, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), National Research Council, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, Ancona, Italy
| | - Arijana Cenov
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Department of Environmental Health, Krešimirova 52a, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Paola Del Negro
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Oceanography Division, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Fabbro
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Oceanography Division, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marin Glad
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Department of Environmental Health, Krešimirova 52a, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dolores Grilec
- Institute of Public Health of Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia
| | - Federica Grilli
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), National Research Council, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Slaven Jozić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Kauzlarić
- Institute of Public Health of Istrian County, Department of Environmental Health, Pula, Croatia
| | - Romina Kraus
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), National Research Council, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, Ancona, Italy
| | - Josip Mikuš
- University of Dubrovnik, Department of Aquaculture, Ćira Carića 4, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Stefania Milandri
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) on Marine Biotoxin, Viale A. Vespucci 2, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Marijana Pećarević
- University of Dubrovnik, Department of Aquaculture, Ćira Carića 4, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | | | | | - Mladen Šolić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Darija Vukić Lušić
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia; Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Department of Environmental Health, Krešimirova 52a, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Silvia Zoffoli
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) on Marine Biotoxin, Viale A. Vespucci 2, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
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Evans JS, Erwin PM, Shenkar N, López-Legentil S. A comparison of prokaryotic symbiont communities in nonnative and native ascidians from reef and harbor habitats. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5056155. [PMID: 30052904 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Harbor systems represent passive gateways for the introduction of nonnative ascidians that compete with the surrounding benthos and may spread through localized dispersal, even populating adjacent natural reefs. To investigate the potential role of microbial symbionts in the success of ascidian introductions and spread, we evaluated the host-specificity of prokaryotic communities within two ascidian species commonly found off the North Carolina coast. Replicate samples of the native ascidian Eudistoma capsulatum, the nonnative ascidian Distaplia bermudensis and seawater were collected from artificial (harbor) and natural reef substrates. Prokaryotic communities in seawater samples and ascidian tunics were characterized via next-generation sequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Ascidian microbiomes clustered strongly in response to host species, with significant differences in community structure between the two species and seawater. Further, symbiont community structure differed significantly between E. capsulatumindividuals collected from artificial and natural habitats, though this was not the case for D. bermudensis. These findings suggested that some ascidian species possess stable microbial symbiont communities that allow them to thrive in a wide range of habitats, while other species rely on the restructuring of their microbial communities with specific symbionts (e.g. Chelativorans) to survive under particular environmental conditions such as increased pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Evans
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, and Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington NC 28409, USA
| | - Patrick M Erwin
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, and Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington NC 28409, USA
| | - Noa Shenkar
- School of Zoology, and The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Susanna López-Legentil
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, and Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington NC 28409, USA
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Wu Y, Sun J, Wang M, Yu G, Yu L, Wang C. The Relationship of Children's Intelligence Quotient and Blood Lead and Zinc Levels: a Meta-analysis and System Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:185-195. [PMID: 28710590 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing studies and to investigate the relationship between children's full-scale intelligence quotient (FIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) and their blood lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels. All documents in Chinese and English were collected from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from inception date to December 30, 2016. RevMan software (version 5.2) was used for the meta-analysis and Stata software (version 12.0) for the meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. A total of 32 eligible literatures was included in the study. Seven prevalence studies showed that the blood Pb level was negatively correlated with children's IQ. The results of the meta-analysis from 22 case-control studies indicate a significant difference between FIQ and PIQ with blood Pb levels, detailed as the FIQ score with a weighted mean difference (WMD) = -6.60 (95% CI: -9.01, -4.20), P < 0.001; PIQ WMD = -8.85 (95% CI: -12.651, -5.05), P < 0.001; but VIQ WMD = -3.32 (95% CI: -6.98, 0.33), P > 0.05. Three studies on the blood Zn concentrations were with a FIQ WMD = 7.88 (95% CI: -0.07, 15.83), VIQ WMD = 7.73 (95% CI: -7.40, 22.86), and PIQ WMD = 6.69 (95% CI: -7.13, 20.51), all P > 0.05. The results indicate that Pb is harmful to children's intelligence development, especially in PIQ. Zn is beneficial to intelligence, although more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Minsheng Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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Evans JS, Erwin PM, Shenkar N, López-Legentil S. Introduced ascidians harbor highly diverse and host-specific symbiotic microbial assemblages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11033. [PMID: 28887506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ascidian species have experienced worldwide introductions, exhibiting remarkable success in crossing geographic borders and adapting to local environmental conditions. To investigate the potential role of microbial symbionts in these introductions, we examined the microbial communities of three ascidian species common in North Carolina harbors. Replicate samples of the globally introduced species Distaplia bermudensis, Polyandrocarpa anguinea, and P. zorritensis (n = 5), and ambient seawater (n = 4), were collected in Wrightsville Beach, NC. Microbial communities were characterized by next-generation (Illumina) sequencing of partial (V4) 16S rRNA gene sequences. Ascidians hosted diverse symbiont communities, consisting of 5,696 unique microbial OTUs (at 97% sequenced identity) from 44 bacterial and three archaeal phyla. Permutational multivariate analyses of variance revealed clear differentiation of ascidian symbionts compared to seawater bacterioplankton, and distinct microbial communities inhabiting each ascidian species. 103 universal core OTUs (present in all ascidian replicates) were identified, including taxa previously described in marine invertebrate microbiomes with possible links to ammonia-oxidization, denitrification, pathogenesis, and heavy-metal processing. These results suggest ascidian microbial symbionts exhibit a high degree of host-specificity, forming intimate associations that may contribute to host adaptation to new environments via expanded tolerance thresholds and enhanced holobiont function.
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Booth SC, Weljie AM, Turner RJ. Metabolomics reveals differences of metal toxicity in cultures of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 grown on different carbon sources. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:827. [PMID: 26347721 PMCID: PMC4538868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-contamination of metals and organic pollutants is a global problem as metals interfere with the metabolism of complex organics by bacteria. Based on a prior observation that metal tolerance was altered by the sole carbon source being used for growth, we sought to understand how metal toxicity specifically affects bacteria using an organic pollutant as their sole carbon source. To this end metabolomics was used to compare cultures of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 grown on either biphenyl (Bp) or succinate (Sc) as the sole carbon source in the presence of either aluminum (Al) or copper (Cu). Using multivariate statistical analysis it was found that the metals caused perturbations to more cellular processes in the cultures grown on Bp than those grown on Sc. Al induced many changes that were indicative of increased oxidative stress as metabolites involved in DNA damage and protection, the Krebs cycle and anti-oxidant production were altered. Cu also caused metabolic changes that were indicative of similar stress, as well as appearing to disrupt other key enzymes such as fumarase. Additionally, both metals caused the accumulation of Bp degradation intermediates indicating that they interfered with Bp metabolism. Together these results provide a basic understanding of how metal toxicity specifically affects bacteria at a biochemical level during the degradation of an organic pollutant and implicate the catabolism of this carbon source as a major factor that exacerbates metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Booth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada ; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Smilow Centre for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada ; Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
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Bigongiari N, Cipriani LE, Pranzini E, Renzi M, Vitale G. Assessing shelf aggregate environmental compatibility and suitability for beach nourishment: a case study for Tuscany (Italy). Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 93:183-193. [PMID: 25684591 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beach nourishment practices are a key aspect in coastal management plans for stakeholders and communities. Stemming from a concrete case-study (Tuscany), this research analyzes: (i) principal problems of current law regulating dredging, (ii) gaps in technical guidelines, (iii) advantages of integrated approaches to the decision-making process, (iv) possible applicable nourishment options and their costs and benefits. Our results show that sand compatibility is driven mainly by grain-size stability due to the occurrence of lower pollution levels in off-shore deposits than in threatened beaches, thus current laws and guidelines should be improved to fill the evident gap in the evaluation process and to include a more complete approach to data evaluation and an integrated approach to ecotoxicity evaluation, which is relevant in cases of geochemical anomalies. The cost-benefit analysis performed indicates that only dredging intended to manage more than 1 million m(3) of aggregates would represent a real advantage for local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bigongiari
- CIBM - Center of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", Viale N. Sauro 4, Livorno, Italy
| | - Luigi E Cipriani
- Region of Tuscany - D.G. for the Environment, Energy and Climate Change - Section for the Protection and Value Enhancement of Marine and Coastal Environments, via di Novoli, 26, 50127 Firenze, Italy
| | - Enzo Pranzini
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Borgo Albizi 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, SP Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Borgo Albizi 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy
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Ye J, Du C, Wang L, Li Z, Huang S, Wang H, He L, Bi Y, Wang C. Relationship of blood levels of Pb with Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Hb in children aged 0 ∼ 6 years from Wuhan, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:18-24. [PMID: 25516118 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood lead (Pb) levels with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and hemoglobin (Hb) in children aged from 0-6 years in Wuhan, China. A total of 1047 children from six communities, which were randomly selected in Wuhan city and three communities, located in the urban area and others in the suburban area, were recruited for this study between November 2012 and July 2013. The levels of elements in the blood were detected using an atomic absorption spectrometer, and Hb level was tested by an automated hematology analyzer. The results showed that the mean blood lead level (BLL) is 33.72 ± 19.03 μg/L. The BLL was significantly higher among boys than girls (P < 0.05). Higher BLL was also observed in suburbs compared to that in urban areas (P < 0.05). The BLL and Zn level were gradually increased with age. The elevated rate of BLL in children was 20.9 %, while the Zn deficiency rate was 65.0 %. And, the level of Hb in higher BLL group was significantly lower. Negative correlations of the blood levels of Pb with those of Cu (r = -0.087, P = 0.005), Mg (r = -0.102, P = 0.001), and Fe (r = -0.091, P = 0.003) were observed. These data suggested that the elevated rate of BLL in children from Wuhan is still higher according to the updated reference values in the USA. The deficiency of Cu, Mg, and Fe may indicate the elevation of lead absorption. The dietary supplement of Zn, Ca, and Fe in children requires more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Ye
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
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Koigoora S, Ahmad I, Pallela R, Janapala VR. Spatial variation of potentially toxic elements in different grain size fractions of marine sediments from Gulf of Mannar, India. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:7581-7589. [PMID: 23475527 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments of the Gulf of Mannar (GoM), India are contaminated by potential toxic elements (PTEs) due to anthropogenic activities posing a risk to the existing fragile coral ecosystem and human health. The current study aimed to assess the distribution of PTEs (arsenic--As; cobalt--Co; copper--Cu, molybdenum--Mo; lead--Pb; and zinc--Zn) in marine sediments of different grain size fractions, viz., medium sand (710 μm), fine sand (250 μm), and clay (<63 μm) among the different coastal regions of Pamban, Palk Bay, and Rameswaram coasts of GoM, using grain size as one of the key factor controlling their concentrations. The concentrations of PTEs were measured in the different size fractions of sediment using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer. The order of accumulation of all PTEs in the three fractions was ranked as Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Co > Mo and in the three locations as Rameswaram > Palk Bay > Pamban. The concentration of PTEs in Palk Bay and Rameswaram coast was significantly different (P < 0.05), when compared to Pamban coast. Measured geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) and contamination factor (CF) indicated significant enrichment of Co and Pb from Rameswaram coast when compared to other two coasts. Although the concentration of Co was low but the measured I(geo) and CF values indicated significant enrichment of this PTE in Rameswaram coast. The increased input of PTEs in the coastal regions of GoM signifies the need to monitor the coast regularly using suitable monitoring tools such as sediments to prevent further damage to the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Koigoora
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Andaloro F, Romeo T, Renzi M, Guerranti C, Perra G, Consoli P, Perzia P, Focardi SE. Alteration of potential harmful elements levels in sediments and biota from the central Mediterranean Sea (Aeolian Archipelago) following an episode of intense volcanic activity. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:4035-4047. [PMID: 21800066 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper levels of four (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) potential harmful elements (PHE) were measured in three different environmental matrices (sediments, macroalgae and fishes) from the Aeolian Archipelago and control areas both after 1 and 10 months from a volcanic activity of particular relevance occurred at the end of October 2002. Results were analysed on a multivariate statistical basis with the aim to evaluate: (I) general levels of pollution and increase of PHE due to the event; (II) differences observed among tested matrices in the time of recovery after the occurrence of the critical event; (III) the biological enrichment of PHE along the trophic web produced by the geological event. Results evidenced that volcanic emissions could represent a local source of particular relevance able to determine great enrichments of considered PHE in sediments and biological species. After 10 months from the event, levels in sediments and macroalgae notably decreased, whereas fish species evidenced an increase, principally related to the bioaccumulation phenomena. On the basis of the biological enrichment factors (BEF), major enrichments were evidenced after 1 month whereas, after 10 months, were recorded values reliable to an incomplete recovery. Concerning Cd, the BEF higher levels reported for the species Serranus cabrilla was probably related both to the diet and to the specific detoxification rates of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Andaloro
- Ispra-Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, STS Palermo, Laboratory of Milazzo, Via dei Mille 44, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
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Tessier E, Garnier C, Mullot JU, Lenoble V, Arnaud M, Raynaud M, Mounier S. Study of the spatial and historical distribution of sediment inorganic contamination in the Toulon bay (France). Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:2075-2086. [PMID: 21864863 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study presents trace elements levels in surface and deep sediments of the Toulon bay (SE France) subjected to anthropogenic inputs (navy base, harbors, etc.). The studied elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) are defined as priority contaminants in aquatic systems. Fifty-five points scattered on the entire bay were sampled, allowing the determination of contaminants distribution with a high resolution. Several approaches were used to assess the degree of contamination and the potential toxicity of the Toulon bay sediments: comparison to the French legislation, surface-weighted average metal concentrations, enrichment factors (EF), geoaccumulation indices (Igeo), trace element stock calculation and comparison to sediment quality guidelines. A principal component analysis was performed to reveal common behavior of the studied contaminants. Results demonstrated the very high contamination of the small bay, especially in Hg (EF up to 1500), Cu, Pb and Zn, with export to the large bay further governed by hydrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Tessier
- Laboratoire PROTEE, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde, France
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Wu Y, Yang X, Ge J, Zhang J. Blood lead level and its relationship to certain essential elements in the children aged 0 to 14 years from Beijing, China. Sci Total Environ 2011; 409:3016-3020. [PMID: 21601238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate blood lead level and its relationship to copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron in the children aged 0 to 14 years old from Beijing, China. METHODS We classified 3181 children into one of the four groups: Group A (n=783, <1 year old); Group B (n=1538, 1-3 years old); Group C (n=443, 3-7 years old); and, Group D (n=417, 7-14 years old). All these metal elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS The blood lead level was 0.207±0.105 μmol/L. There was a significant gender difference for zinc (P<0.05) in Group C, and there was also a significant gender difference for copper (P<0.05) and lead (P<0.05) in Group D. Controlling for gender and age, we observed that there was a negative correlation of lead with zinc (r=-0.052, P<0.01), magnesium (r=-0.042, P<0.05) and iron (r=-0.031, P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, in the children aged 1-7 years old, we also found there was a negative linear correlation of lead with zinc, magnesium and iron, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Blood lead level in children from Beijing was markedly decreased. And deficiency of zinc, magnesium and iron is related to the elevated blood lead level in the children aged 1-7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Huntingford EJ, Turner A. Trace metals in harbour and slipway sediments from the island of Malta, central Mediterranean. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:1557-1561. [PMID: 21665231 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sediment samples collected from large harbours and public slipways on the island of Malta have been analysed for geochemically important metals (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn) and contaminant metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) following fractionation (<63 μm) and digestion in aqua regia. Absolute and Al-normalised concentrations of contaminant metals exhibited relatively little dispersion both among different samples from the same location and between samples from different locations, notable exceptions including lower concentrations of Cr and Sn on the slipways than in the harbours. Sources of contaminant metals are attributed to diffuse and specific waste inputs from urban surroundings and boating and shipping activities. Overall, concentrations are similar to those reported for other large harbours in urban settings where equivalent sample fractionation-digestion has been performed. Relative to various sediment quality guidelines, Pb is predicted to exert the greatest threat to the marine environment of Malta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Huntingford
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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