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El-Demerdash FM, Karhib MM, Ghanem NF, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Sayed RA. Echinacea purpurea root extract mitigates hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and ultrastructural changes induced by hexavalent chromium via oxidative stress suppression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26760-26772. [PMID: 38459283 PMCID: PMC11052792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is mostly renowned as a possible hepatotoxic in mammals. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, a phenolic-rich plant, is recurrently used for its therapeutic properties. Therefore, this investigation was done to explore whether E. purpurea (EP) root extract would have any potential health benefits against an acute dose of CrVI-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity. Results revealed that GC-MS analysis of EP root extract has 26 identified components with a significant amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Twenty-four Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, EP (50 mg/kg BW/day for 21 days), CrVI (15 mg/kg BW as a single intraperitoneal dosage), and EP + CrVI, respectively. Rats treated with CrVI displayed a remarkable rise in oxidative stress markers (TBARS, H2O2, PCC), bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase activity, and a marked decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase activities, and serum protein level. Also, CrVI administration induced apoptosis and inflammation in addition to histological and ultrastructural abnormalities in the liver tissue. The examined parameters were improved significantly in rats pretreated with EP and then intoxicated with CrVI. Conclusively, EP had a potent antioxidant activity and could be used in the modulation of CrVI-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa M Karhib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Nora F Ghanem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Pharmacy Program, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt
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Santana FDFV, Da Silva J, Lozi AA, Araujo DC, Ladeira LCM, De Oliveira LL, Da Matta SLP. Toxicology of arsenate, arsenite, cadmium, lead, chromium, and nickel in testes of adult Swiss mice after chronic exposure by intraperitoneal route. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127271. [PMID: 37506466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some residues such as the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr VI), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As), this last one in its oxidized forms + 5 (arsenate) and + 3 (arsenite), can cause injuries to human health, so they are currently considered environmental health emergencies. In the testis, heavy metals can cause morphological and functional damage due to constant exposure acting chronically in individuals. Thus, we aimed to determine the toxicological mechanism of As+5, As+3, Cd, Cr VI, and Ni that leads to testicular damage and establish for the first time an order of toxicity among these studied heavy metals. METHODS Forty-two Swiss mice at reproductive age (140 days) were used, randomly distributed into seven experimental groups (n = 6). Exposure to heavy metals was weekly performed, by intraperitoneal route. Group 1 received 0.7 mL 0.9% saline (control), and the other groups received 1.5 mg/ kg of As+5, As+3, Cd, Pb, Cr VI, or Ni, for six weeks. RESULTS These studied heavy metals did not accumulate in the testis tissue. However, exposure to Ni induced moderate pathologies in the seminiferous tubules, plus changes in the tunica propria, blood vessels, lymphatic space, and carbonyl protein levels. Cd exposure caused moderate tubular histopathologies and changes in the blood vessels and lymphatic space. Cr VI induced slight tubular histopathologies, changes in the lymphatic space, blood vessels, and SOD activity. Pb and As+3 exposure triggered moderate tubular pathologies and changes in the SOD activity and carbonyl protein levels, respectively. Finally, As+5 induced only slight tubular pathologies. CONCLUSION The testicular histopathologies caused by the studied heavy metals are mainly triggered by changes in testicular oxidative balance. Based on our findings of histomorphological alterations, the toxicity order among the heavy metals is Ni>Cd>Cr(VI)>PbAs+3 >As+5. However, considering oxidative stress results, we propose the following testicular toxicity order for these heavy metals: Ni>As+3 > Cd>Cr(VI)>Pb>As+5. Ni exposure shows the most harmful among the heavy metals to the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle de Fátima Viana Santana
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Janaina Da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université de Rennes 1, UMR 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Amanda Alves Lozi
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diane Costa Araujo
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sérgio Luis Pinto Da Matta
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Xu H, Shi L, Feng L, Wu F, Chen J, Qin Y, Dong X, Jiang Z, Li Y, Xia H, Lou J. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced ribosomal DNA copy number variation and DNA damage responses and their associations with nucleolar protein HRAS in humans and cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121816. [PMID: 37182578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds has been widely recognized, yet the mechanism of genetic damage is still not fully understood. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number is recently considered a potential marker of cancer-associated stress. To investigate the roles of rDNA copy number variation (CNV) in DNA damage responses (DDRs) induced by Cr(VI) and the potential mechanism from nucleolar protein HRAS, a cross-sectional study in Cr(Ⅵ)-exposed workers and an in vitro experiment using HeLa cells were conducted. Our results showed increased levels of rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS expression in Cr(VI)-exposed workers. Generalized linear regression analyses showed that Cr(VI) exposure was significantly positively associated with increased levels of rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS expression in Cr(VI)-exposed workers. Moreover, there were pairwise associations between rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS levels. Mediation analyses found that rDNA CNV significantly mediated the association between Cr(VI) exposure and DDRs. The in vitro experiments further confirmed that Cr(VI) treatment induced increased levels of rDNA CNV, DDRs, and HRAS expression in HeLa cells. Cr(VI)-induced rDNA CNV, ATM activation, and apoptosis damage were then strongly enhanced by HRAS depletion with siRNA in vitro, suggesting the important role of HRAS in CNV and DDRs caused by Cr(VI). The combined results of the human and cell line studies indicated that Cr(VI) exposure might enhance rDNA CNV by regulation of HRAS expression, which leads to Cr(VI)-induced genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Li Shi
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Junfei Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Yao Qin
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Xiaowen Dong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Hailing Xia
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China; School of Medicine, and the First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
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Savici J, Boldura OM, Balta C, Muselin F, Mederle N, Cristina RT, Brezovan D. Effects of Aronia melanocarpa and Hypericum perforatum aqueous extracts on hexavalent chromium induced toxicity in rat's thyrocytes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127151. [PMID: 36948046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium known as oxidizing agent is able to form reactive oxygen species. Aronia melanocarpa and Hypericum perforatum are two plants known for their antioxidant effects. Our study aimed to establish if CrVI induces apoptosis and structural changes in thyrocytes and if its effect can be counteracted by the administration of both extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats divided in five groups: C - distilled water (DW), Cr - 75 mg/L CrVI in DW for 3 months, Cr 2 - 75 mg/L CrVI in DW for 3 months followed by 1 month DW, CrA - 3 months 75 mg/L CrVI in DW and 1 month Aronia 2.5% extract, CrH - 3 months 75 mg/L CrVI in DW and 1 month Hypericum 2.5% extract. Histological assessment and qRT-PCR for evaluation of BAX and Bcl2 protein levels performed on thyroid samples. RESULTS The Cr and Cr2 groups were those with altered cytoarchitecture: increase in the diameter of many thyroid follicles, a decrease in their number, a decrease in the height of the follicular cells. The histological examination of the CrH group revealed almost recovery of structural architecture. The BAX gene levels were higher in the Cr and Cr2 groups indicating the apoptotic activity of chromium. In extract receiving groups the BAX gene expressions were significantly lower, but the lowest level presented the CrH group. Bcl2 gene expression levels indicate antiapoptotic activity being elevated in the Cr group, followed by CrA, Cr2, and CrH groups. The BAX/Bcl2 ratio which significantly increased in the case of the Cr and Cr2 group compared to the groups that were administered the two plant extracts. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study confirm that CrVI has toxic effects on thyroid endocrine cells and H. perforatum has stronger antioxidant properties against the action of hexavalent chromium in thyrocytes than A. melanocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Savici
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Maria Boldura
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Institute of Life Sciences, Romania
| | - Florin Muselin
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Narcisa Mederle
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romeo Teodor Cristina
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Brezovan
- University of Life Sciences "King Michael I", Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
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Zhuge R, Li Z, He C, Ma W, Yan J, Xue Q, Wang R, Liu Y, Lu R, Du H, Yin F, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair hexavalent chromium-induced testicular injury by regulating autophagy and ferroptosis mediated by the AKT/mTOR pathway in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:289-299. [PMID: 36416502 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is no ideal therapy for testicular damage induced by Cr(VI); however, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation may be a promising therapy. A Cr(VI) solution was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days, then BMSCs from donor rats were transplanted. Two weeks later, decreased activity and appetite, along with other pathological changes, were improved in the BMSCs group. The location of BMSCs in damaged testes was observed via laser confocal microscopy. Chromium content in the Cr(VI) and BMSCs groups significantly increased compared with that in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups, as revealed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The ferrous iron and the total iron content of testes in the BMSCs group were significantly lower than those in the Cr(VI) group, as observed by Lillie staining and a tissue iron assay kit. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expression of Beclin 1, LC3B, 4-hydroxynonenal, and transferrin receptor 1 was decreased in the BMSCs group, compared with the Cr(VI) group. The expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), SLC7A11, p-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p-mTOR in the BMSCs group was higher than that in the Cr(VI) group. Taken together, we propose that BMSCs repair Cr(VI)-damaged testes by alleviating ferroptosis and downregulating autophagy-associated proteins through the upregulation of AKT and mTOR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijian Zhuge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhongrun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changhao He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenxuan Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rifeng Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haiying Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Hao D, Wang J, Zhang D, Sun Z, Liu C. Selenium Alleviates Chromium(VI)-Induced Ileum Damage and Cecal Microbial Disturbances in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4750-4761. [PMID: 35031963 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is one of the most common environmental contaminants caused by its broad industrial applications. Importantly, exposure to Cr(VI) induces oxidative damage and apoptosis in animal cells. Studies have shown that selenium (Se) can alleviate the toxic effects of Cr(VI) by functioning as an antioxidant and/or by chelating Cr(VI) into biologically inert complexes, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether Se can ameliorate ileum damage and cecal microbial disturbances induced by Cr(VI) in vivo. Mice administered Cr(VI) for 30 days presented histopathological damage, reduced responses to oxidative stress, and increased expression of apoptosis-related genes in the ileum compared with those in the control (non-exposed) group. Se alleviated the histopathological damage and decreased the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by Cr(VI) in the ileum. In addition, Cr(VI) disturbed cecal microflora, and it was partially reversed by Se treatment. These findings demonstrate that the damaging and potentially pathological effects of Cr(VI) on the ileum and cecal microflora can be effectively alleviated with Se treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezheng Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Ci Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, People's Republic of China.
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Xia B, Yuan J, Pang L, He K. Chromium [Cr(VI)] Exposure Causes Cytotoxicity of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (16-HBE) and Proteomic Alterations. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:225-233. [PMID: 35341331 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221078277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a common industrial pollutant, and exposure may cause toxic effects in multiple organ systems and carcinogenesis, including lung cancer. However, the toxic effect of Cr(VI) on the respiratory system is poorly understood. In the present study, it was demonstrated that Cr(VI) exposure significantly decreased the viability of human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry demonstrated that Cr(VI) enhanced the transition of 16-HBE cells from G1 to S phase and arrested S-phase progression. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a significant alteration in the expression of apoptosis-associated genes in Cr(VI)-treated 16-HBE cells. In addition, using two-dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry, 15 differentially expressed proteins (1 upregulated and 14 downregulated) were identified in 16-HBE cells with Cr(VI) treatment compared with controls. Functional classification revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were involved in apoptosis, cytoskeletal structure, and energy metabolism. In conclusion, these data suggested that Cr(VI) caused toxic effects in bronchial epithelial cells and the mechanisms may involve the abnormal expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and energy metabolism-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, 12575Hunan Agricultural University, East Renmin Road, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, 568734Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, 12575Hunan Agricultural University, East Renmin Road, Changsha, China
| | - Li Pang
- College of Horticulture, 12575Hunan Agricultural University, East Renmin Road, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, 568734Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Changes in heavy metal levels, reproductive characteristics, oxidative stress markers and testicular apoptosis in rams raised around thermal power plant. Theriogenology 2021; 179:211-222. [PMID: 34894490 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive dysfunction is one of the damages in the organism caused by heavy metals. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the changes in heavy metal levels in serum and testicular tissue, and serum hormone levels, epididymal spermatozoa characteristics, tissue oxidative stress levels, testicular histology and testicular apoptosis level in rams raised in remote and near regions of a thermal power plant. A total of 75 rams were divided into 3 groups according to the regions, where they were born and raised, being far [250 km distance, group 1 (control), n = 25], close (20 km distance, group 2, n = 25) and very close (10 km distance, group 3, n = 25) to the thermal power plant. The blood along with testis and epididymis tissues was taken from the animals after slaughtering. In addition, soil and water heavy metal analyzes were also performed. The highest levels of serum Al, Cr, As, Ag, Sn and testicular Al, V, Ni, Ag, Cd, Cr, As, Pb, and the lowest levels of serum Cu, testicular Cu and Zn were determined in group 3 compared to control. Soil and water heavy metal results were similar to those found in serum and testis. The lowest serum testosterone level, tissue glutathione-peroxidase and catalase activities, spermatozoon concentration, and the highest tissue malondialdehyde level, dead spermatozoon rate, Bax apoptotic protein expression level and Bax/Bcl-2 rate alongside some testicular histopathological lesions were found in group 3 in comparison to control. Significant correlations were determined between some heavy metal levels and some parameters measured. As a result, heavy metals accumulate in the soil and water in the region close to the thermal power plant. The endocrine and exocrine reproductive potentials of rams born and grown in these regions were clearly damaged by the increased testicular heavy metals due to water drank and herbs consumed.
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Wu S, Zhong G, Wan F, Jiang X, Tang Z, Hu T, Rao G, Lan J, Hussain R, Tang L, Zhang H, Huang R, Hu L. Evaluation of toxic effects induced by arsenic trioxide or/and antimony on autophagy and apoptosis in testis of adult mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54647-54660. [PMID: 34014480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and antimony (Sb) are well-known ubiquitous environmental contaminants and cause unpromising male reproductive effects in target and non-target exposed organisms. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ATO or/and Sb on process of autophagy, apoptosis, and reproductive organ in adult mice. For this reason, a total of 32 adult mice were randomly divided into different groups like control group, ATO-treated group, Sb-treated group, and combined group. The duration of current experimental trial was 2 months. Various adverse effects of ATO or/and Sb on sperm parameters, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were determined in testis of mice. Results indicated that parameters of sperm quality for organ coefficient, sperm count, ratio of sperm survival, testosterone level, and germ cells were significantly decreased, while malformation rate and vacuolization significantly increased in mice exposed to different treatments. Furthermore, the status of antioxidant index of T-AOC, SOD, and MsrB1 levels was reduced, while MDA increased significantly in ATO + Sb group. Results on TEM investigation determined that the autophagosomes, autolysosome, nuclear pyknosis, and chromatin condensation were prominent ailments, and the levels of autophagy and pro-apoptosis indictors including Beclin1, Atg-5, LC3B/LC3A, caspase-8, cytc, cleaved caspase-3, p53, and Bax were up-regulated in treated group, while the content of an anti-apoptosis maker (Bcl-2) was down-regulated. In conclusion, the results of our experiment suggested that abnormal process of autophagy and apoptosis was triggered by arsenic and antimony, and intensity of toxic effects increased in combined treatments of ATO and Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gan Rao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Juan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Lixuan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Impact of Environmental and Lifestyle Use of Chromium on Male Fertility: Focus on Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091365. [PMID: 34572997 PMCID: PMC8468676 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive tissues are strongly susceptible to several environmental and lifestyle stressors. In general, male reproductive health is highly sensitive to oxidative stress, which results in reversible and/or irreversible changes in testosterone-producing cells, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. Chromium compounds are widely used in the +3 and +6 valence states, as food supplements, and in the industrial field, respectively. Chromium (III) compounds, i.e., Cr(III)-tris-picolinate, [Cr(pic)3], known as chromium picolinate, are used as nutritional supplements for the control of diabetes, body weight, and muscular growth. However, previous studies showed that animal models exposed to chromium picolinate experienced degenerative changes in spermatogenesis. Contradictory results are documented in the literature and deserve discussion. Furthermore, the long-term effects of chromium picolinate on the antioxidant system of treated subjects have not been properly studied. Comprehensive studies on the role of this compound will help to establish the safe and useful use of chromium supplementation. On the other hand, chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in several industries, despite being well-known environmental pollutants (i.e., welding fumes). Chromium (VI) is known for its deleterious effects on male reproductive health as toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. Previous studies have demonstrated severe lesions to mouse spermatogenesis after exposure to chromium (VI). However, workers worldwide are still exposed to hexavalent chromium, particularly in electronics and military industries. Data from the literature pinpoints mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by chromium compounds in somatic and germ cells that lead to apoptosis, thus underlining the impairment of fertility potential. In this review, we analyze the benefits and risks of chromium compounds on male fertility, as well as the mechanisms underlying (in)fertility outcomes. Although supplements with antioxidant properties may maximize male fertility, adverse effects need to be investigated and discussed.
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Li X, He S, Zhou J, Yu X, Li L, Liu Y, Li W. Cr (VI) induces abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism through ROS/Nrf2 signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112320. [PMID: 33991932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hexavalent form of chromium, Cr (VI), has been associated with various diseases in humans. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the effect of Cr (VI) on glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. We found that Cr (VI) induced abnormal liver function, increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), as well as glucose and insulin intolerance in mice. Furthermore, Cr (VI) decreased glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) level and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) expression, increased the levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) and fat synthase (FAS) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Cr (VI) promoted intracellular ROS production in vitro, and induced reduction of antioxidant enzyme level and Nrf2/HO-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Also, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger) pretreatment inhibited the production of intracellular ROS, significantly suppressed Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, decreased G6P and GLUT2, and improved impaired glucose tolerance and glucose and insulin intolerance caused by Cr (VI) in mice. Dh404 activated expression of Nrf2 decreased ROS level, increased HO-1 expression, ameliorated activity of the antioxidant enzyme, inhibited Cr (VI) increase of SREBP1, FAS level, and reduction of G6P and GLUT2. To sum up, these data suggest that dysregulation of ROS/Nrf2/HO-1 has an important role in Cr (VI)-induced glucose/lipid metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Shengwen He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Lanhua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Public Health Demonstration Center, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Wanwei Li
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China.
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12
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Savici J, Cristina RT, Brezovan D, Radulov I, Balta C, Boldura OM, Muselin F. Aronia melanocarpa Ameliorates Adrenal Cytoarchitecture Against the Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Injury. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2936-2944. [PMID: 33001412 PMCID: PMC8222023 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a toxin that penetrates the cell, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aronia melanocarpa, due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adrenal gland, and if this impact can be recovered by the administration of A. melanocarpa. Accordingly, 36 rats were divided into six groups: control; Aronia; Cr receiving Cr(VI) in distilled water for 3 months; CrA receiving a mix of Cr(VI) and A. melanocarpa at 2.5% aqueous extract for 3 months; Cr2 receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, and next, for 1 month, only distilled water; and respectively, CrA2 receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, followed by 1 month of Aronia at 2.5% extract administration. The adrenal gland samples were examined toward histological and molecular assessment, and results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Hexavalent chromium induced changes in the adrenal cortex expressed by focal or diffuse hypertrophies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (due to lipidic accumulation), and cells' shape and size alteration, including necrosis. These structural alterations were carried by Bax and Bcl2 gene expression: the Bax gene expression levels, increased significantly (p < 0.001) in all experimental groups, except the Aronia group, compared with control. In the Cr2, CrA, and CrA2 groups, notable reduction of Bax gene expression (p < 0.001) was reported compared with the Cr group. Regarding the Bcl2 gene expression (p < 0.001), a significant increase was observed in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The Bcl2 expression level had a similar pattern to Bax gene, consequently trying to compensate its overexpression. Aronia administered concomitantly, or after Cr(VI), diminished structural changes and expression of the studied genes, thus reducing the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and suggesting that the active ingredients from Aronia are capable of blocking apoptotic cascade induced by the pathway of Bax and Bcl2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Savici
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell biology, Banat University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara (BUAVM), Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Romeo Teodor Cristina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacoogy and Pharmacy, Banat University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara (BUAVM), Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Diana Brezovan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell biology, Banat University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara (BUAVM), Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Banat University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara (BUAVM), Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- "Vasile Goldis" Western University Arad, Revolutiei Blvd. No, 94, Arad, Romania
| | - Oana Maria Boldura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Banat University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara (BUAVM), Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Florin Muselin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Toxicology, Banat University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara (BUAVM), Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timișoara, Romania
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Melatonin Alleviated Potassium Dichromate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Reprotoxicity in Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3565360. [PMID: 34222468 PMCID: PMC8221856 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3565360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (ML) is a potent antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the protective effect of melatonin on potassium dichromate- (PDC-) induced male reproductive toxicity. Forty rats were divided into five groups: the control group, rats administered PDC orally (10 mg/kg body weight) for eight weeks, rats administered ML intraperitoneally at doses of either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg followed by the administration of PDC, and rats administered 5 mg/kg ML only. The treatment of rats with PDC led to a decrease in the levels of plasma sex hormones, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, carnitine, sperm count, and motility. Testicular malondialdehyde levels, nitric oxide concentrations, and abnormalities increased significantly in the PDC group. Melatonin administration to the PDC-treated rats reduced the increase of malondialdehyde and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), glutathione, and sex hormone levels. Moreover, ML attenuated PDC-induced increase in levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6. ML alleviated histopathological changes and an increase of p53-positive immune reaction due to PDC. Furthermore, ML inhibited PDC-induced decrease in the DNA content of spermatogenic cells. This study proposed that melatonin may be useful in mitigating oxidative stress-induced testicular damage due to potassium dichromate toxicity.
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El-Demerdash FM, El-Sayed RA, Abdel-Daim MM. Hepatoprotective potential of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil against hexavalent chromium-induced hematotoxicity, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical changes in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17445-17456. [PMID: 33394444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) is widely known as a potential hepatotoxic in humans and animals and its toxicity is associated with oxidative stress. So, an in vivo study was outlined to assess the protective and therapeutic role of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (rosemary; REO) against Cr VI-induced hepatotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were assigned into five equal groups (1st group served as control; 2nd and 3rd groups received 0.5 ml/kg BW REO and 2 mg/kg BW Cr VI, respectively; 4th group pretreated with REO then injected with K2Cr2O7; and 5th group received Cr VI then treated with REO for 3 weeks). Results revealed that rats exposed to Cr VI showed a valuable changes in hematological parameters and an increase in oxidative stress markers (Protein carbonyl, TBARS, and H2O2) and a noteworthy decline in glutathione (GSH) content. Furthermore, a considerable decrease in enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST), transaminases (AST and ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, as well as total protein and albumin levels, was detected, while serum liver function biomarkers were increased significantly. In addition, the evaluation of histopathological and immunohistochemical PCNA expression showed significant variations in the liver that confirm the biochemical results. Administration of REO pre- or post-chromium treatment restored the parameters cited above near to the normal values. Otherwise, individual intake with REO slumped lipid peroxidation and gotten better antioxidant status significantly. Conclusively, REO proved to be an effective antioxidant in modulating Cr VI-induced hepatotoxicity, especially in the pretreated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University , 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University , 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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15
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Counteracting effects of heavy metals and antioxidants on male fertility. Biometals 2021; 34:439-491. [PMID: 33761043 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is regarded as a global health problem affecting 8-12% of couples. Male factors are regarded as the main cause of infertility in 40% of infertile couples and contribute to this condition in combination with female factors in another 20% of cases. Abnormal sperm parameters such as oligospermia, asthenospermia, and teratozoospermia result in male factor infertility. Several studies have shown the deteriorative impact of heavy metals on sperm parameters and fertility in human subjects or animal models. Other studies have pointed to the role of antioxidants in counteracting the detrimental effects of heavy metals. In the currents study, we summarize the main outcomes of studies that assessed the counteracting impacts of heavy metal and antioxidants on male fertility. Based on the provided data from animal studies, it seems rational to administrate appropriate antioxidants in persons who suffer from abnormal sperm parameters and infertility due to exposure to toxic elements. Yet, further human studies are needed to approve the beneficial effects of these antioxidants.
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Huang L, Huang S, Luo X, Li L, Chen X, Zan G, Tan Y, Liu C, Hou Q, Ge X, Chen C, Hong X, Tian Y, Yang A, Chen P, Li M, Mo Z, Yang X. Associations of prenatal exposure to multiple metals with testicular volume and anogenital distance in infant boys: A longitudinal cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105900. [PMID: 32653800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human are widely exposed to multiple metals, some of which have suspected reproductive toxicity, but no human studies have investigated the developmental effects of prenatal metal exposure. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the associations between prenatal multiple metal exposure and reproductive development in boys at 2-3 years using multi-pollutant approach. METHODS This prospective study used data of 564 mother-child pairs recruited from the Guangxi Birth Cohort Study. Twenty serum metal concentrations were measured. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression was used to identify independent associations between prenatal multiple metal exposure and testicular volume (TV), and anogenital distance (AGD). Adjusted estimates were then obtained using multiple linear regression analysis, and the regression tree method was used to explore the interactions. RESULTS Boys in the highest quartile of prenatal lead exposure had a 0.064 mL (95% CI: -0.124, -0.004) smaller ln-transformed TV, 0.060 cm (95% CI: -0.110, -0.011) shorter ln-transformed anopenile distance (AGDap), and 0.115 cm (95% CI: -0.190, -0.039) shorter ln-transformed anoscrotal distance (AGDas) than boys in the lowest quartile (all Ptrend < 0.05). Chromium was inversely with ln-transformed AGDap (β = -0.078, 95% CI: -0.127, -0.030) and ln-transformed AGDas (β = -0.113, 95% CI: -0.188, -0.038), while stibium was positivity associated with ln-transformed AGDap (β = 0.091, 95% CI: 0.046, 0.136) and strontium was positivity associated with ln-transformed AGDas (β = 0.120, 95% CI: 0.051, 0.189) (all Ptrend < 0.05). And the critical window of vulnerability may be the late pregnancy (the second and third trimester). Moreover, we detected interaction effects between lead, chromium and stibium on AGDap; lead, chromium and strontium on AGDas. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that prenatal exposure to lead, chromium, stibium and strontium may affect TV and/or AGD in infant boys. Potential mechanisms for the complex metal interactive effects during vulnerable periods are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sifang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Longman Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gaohui Zan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingzhi Hou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoting Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunfei Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanning, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Mujun Li
- Department of Reproductive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Zhao Y, Yan J, Li AP, Zhang ZL, Li ZR, Guo KJ, Zhao KC, Ruan Q, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could reduce the toxic effects of hexavalent chromium on the liver by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway in rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Shil K, Pal S. Metabolic and morphological disorientations in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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El-Demerdash FM, Jebur AB, Nasr HM, Hamid HM. Modulatory effect of Turnera diffusa against testicular toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or hexavalent chromium in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:330-339. [PMID: 30578656 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species have been implicated in pesticides and heavy metals toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Turnera diffusa Willd (damiana) on counteracting fenitrothion (FNT) and/or potassium dichromate (CrVI)-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative injury in rats. FNT and/or CrVI intoxicated animals revealed a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide levels. While, reduced glutathione and protein content, as well as antioxidant enzymes, phosphatases, and aminotransferases activities, were significantly decreased. In addition, significant changes in testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were detected. Furthermore, histological and immunohistochemical alterations were observed in rat testes and this supported the observed biochemical changes. On the other hand, rats treated with damiana alone decreased lipid peroxidation and increased most of the examined parameters. Moreover, damiana pretreatment to FNT and/or CrVI-intoxicated rats showed significant improvement in lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities, and hormones as compared with their respective treated groups. Conclusively, rats treated with both FNT and/or CrVI showed pronounced hazardous effect especially in their combination group in addition, Turnera diffusa had a potential protective role against FNT and/or CrVI induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali B Jebur
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Nasr
- Department of Pest Control and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hanin M Hamid
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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20
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Decreased 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) expression and DNA oxidation damage induced by Cr (VI). Chem Biol Interact 2019; 299:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Zheng W, Ge F, Wu K, Chen X, Li X, Chen Y, Lv Y, Lian Q, Ge RS. In utero exposure to hexavalent chromium disrupts rat fetal testis development. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:201-209. [PMID: 30315952 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) acts as an endocrine disruptor. Herein, we investigated effects of Cr6+ on the development of rat fetal Leydig and Sertoli cells, which support differentiation of the male reproductive tract in late gestation. Female pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with potassium dichromate (0, 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg) from gestational days (GD) 12 to GD 21. Leydig and Sertoli cell function was evaluated by investigating serum testosterone levels, cell number and distribution, and the expression levels of Leydig and Sertoli cell genes and proteins. Cr6+ increased serum testosterone level at dose of 3 mg/kg (1.170 ± 0.121 ng/ml vs. 0.720 ± 0.082 ng/ml in the control), while lowered it at dose of 12 mg/kg (0.400 ± 0.098 ng/ml). In addition, it showed that Cr6+ dose-dependently reduced Leydig cell size and cytoplasmic size and decreased the percentage of medium fetal Leydig cell cluster at dose of 12 mg/kg. Further study demonstrated that the expression of Leydig cell (Lhcgr, Scarb1, and Hsd3b1) and Sertoli cell (Fshr, Pdgfa, and Lif) genes in the testis was upregulated at dose of 3 mg/kg while the expression of Lhcgr, Hsd17b3 and Igf1 was downregulated by Cr6+ at dose of 12 mg/kg. In conclusion, Cr6+ had biphasic effects on fetal Leydig cell development with low dose to stimulate testosterone production and high dose to inhibit it, possibly via biphasically regulating growth factor gene expression in fetal Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Keyang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xianwu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Banerjee S, Joshi N, Mukherjee R, Singh PK, Baxi D, Ramachandran AV. Melatonin protects against chromium (VI) induced hepatic oxidative stress and toxicity: Duration dependent study with realistic dosage. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 10:20-29. [PMID: 30123032 PMCID: PMC6096861 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the degree of oxidative stress and toxic effects induced by chromium on hepatic tissue in male Wistar rats exposed to a realistic dosage of Cr(VI) (20 mg/kg/b.w./day) through drinking water, based on the levels of these metals found in the environment, for a duration of 15, 30 and 60 days. The protective effect of melatonin (10 mg/kg) was also studied by simultaneous administration with the metal. Levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as lipid peroxidation were assessed. There was a significant decrease in enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants and an increase in the lipid peroxidation level, which were prevented and maintained at near-normal levels by the administration of melatonin in all treatment periods. Metal accumulation was maximal at 15 days, with gradual decreases till 60 days. Histopathological observations also demonstrated the fact that Cr (VI) exposure leads to cytological lesions in the hepatic tissue promoting cellular necrotic/apoptotic changes, while melatonin was able to counteract insults induced by Cr (VI) at all treatment periods. It also prevented alterations in insulin and glucose levels. Overall, the present study suggests a duration-dependent effect of Cr on hepatic oxidative stress and cytotoxicity and shows the potent activity of melatonin in preventing the negative effects of Cr (VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Niraj Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Raktim Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Prem Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Darshee Baxi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
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Remy LL, Byers V, Clay T. Reproductive outcomes after non-occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium, Willits California, 1983-2014. Environ Health 2017; 16:18. [PMID: 28264679 PMCID: PMC5340004 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 1963-1995, a factory in Willits, Mendocino County, CA used toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) without adequate measures to protect the population. We use longitudinal hospital data to compare reproductive outcomes for two generations in Willits and two generations in the Rest of County (ROC). This is the first study to quantify the reproductive impact of Cr(VI) in a non-occupational population. METHODS We searched California hospital discharge data (1983-2014) to find Mendocino County residents born 1950 or later. ZIP-code 95490 identifies Willits residents, with all others living in ROC. We used the Multi-Level Clinical Classification Software (CCS) to classify health outcomes. First, we calculated the crude birth rate using an external census denominator. The next two models used self-contained denominators to assess health of infants and two generations of pregnant women. Finally, we focused on non-pregnant females and, for comparison, males. Here we added admissions for people who moved, linked and summarized admissions to the person level, and calculated rates per census population. RESULTS We found 29311 newborn records in ROC and 5036 from Willits. At start of period, Willits birth rate was low and did not recover until 12 years after Plant closure. While the Plant was open, respiratory conditions, perinatal jaundice, and birth defect rates were higher for Willits infants compared to ROC, but improved post-closure. Risk for abnormal birthweight and term was high and remained high over the study period. During the period under study, we identified 31444 admissions of pregnant ROC women and 5558 from Willits. Willits women had significantly higher risk of pregnancy loss compared to ROC, whether stratified by generation, age group, or pre- and post-closure. Regardless of when exposed, Willits women continued to have significantly higher rates of in-hospital terminations, as animal studies of Cr(VI) exposure predict. In life course models, non-pregnant Willits women have significantly higher risk of reproductive organ conditions and neoplasms compared to ROC. CONCLUSIONS Adverse reproductive outcomes are elevated and consistent with animal studies. General health outcomes reflect the same broad effect reported for occupationally exposed workers. For the first time, the detrimental reproductive effects of non-occupational Cr(VI) exposure in human females and their infants is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Remy
- Family Health Outcomes Project, Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave. Room MU-337, San Francisco, CA 94143-0900 USA
| | - Vera Byers
- Immunology Inc, PO Box 4703, Incline Village, NV 89450 USA
| | - Ted Clay
- Family Health Outcomes Project, Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave. Room MU-337, San Francisco, CA 94143-0900 USA
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Kart A, Koc E, Dalginli KY, Gulmez C, Sertcelik M, Atakisi O. The Therapeutic Role of Glutathione in Oxidative Stress and Oxidative DNA Damage Caused by Hexavalent Chromium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:387-391. [PMID: 27165098 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) causes various toxic and carcinogenic effects. The main carcinogenic effect is observed in the pulmonary system through inhalation route. Reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (V, IV, and III) reactive intermediates within the cells by intracellular reducing agents such as glutathione is an important event leading to oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. This study evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of Cr (VI) and GSH on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index, and oxidative DNA damage by evaluating the level of 8-hydroxy-2́-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in Swiss-Albino mice. Seventy two mice were divided into 6 groups and treated intraperitoneally as follow: control (saline), group GSH (30 mg/kg GSH) groups of Cr-20 (20 mg/kg, K2Cr2O7), Cr-30 (30 mg/kg K2Cr2O7), Cr-20 + GSH (20 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 + 30 mg/kg GSH), Cr-30 + GSH (30 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 + 30 mg/kg GSH). Total oxidant capacities of Cr-20 and Cr-30 were increased compared to control, Cr-20 + GSH, and Cr-30 + GSH. TOS levels in Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH were lower than in Cr-20 and Cr-30. No difference in TAC was observed among the groups. 8-Hydroxy-2́-deoxyguanosine levels were increased in groups Cr-20 and Cr-30 compared with control and groups Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH. No difference was determined in 8-OHdG levels among control, groups GSH, Cr-20 + GSH and Cr-30 + GSH. Results indicate that Cr (VI) given i.p. route causes increased oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in the blood of Swiss-Albino mice. Administration of GSH via i.p. route protects from oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Kart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Evren Koc
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Kezban Yildiz Dalginli
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Canan Gulmez
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sertcelik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Onur Atakisi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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