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Li X, Ullah I, Hou C, Liu Y, Xiao K. Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with angelica sinensis- radix rehmanniae drug pair. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36118. [PMID: 37986355 PMCID: PMC10659600 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the angelica sinensis - radix rehmanniae (AR) role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), employing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques for active ingredient, targets, and pathway prediction. AR active components were obtained through TCMSP platform and literature search. The related targets of AR and PCOS were obtained through the disease and Swiss Target Prediction databases. An "active ingredient-target" network map was constructed using Cytoscape software, and gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis was conducted through Hiplot. Finally, Auto Dock Tools software was used to conduct molecular docking between active ingredients and core targets. The main bioactive ingredients of AR in the treatment of PCOS are acteoside, baicalin, caffeic acid, cistanoside F, geniposide, etc. These ingredients involve 10 core targets, such as SRC, HSP90AA1, STAT3, MAPK1, and JUN. The effect of AR on anti-PCOS mainly involves the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, Relaxin signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and ErbB signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components and key targets of AR could be stably combined. AR can improve hyperandrogen status, regulate glucose homeostasis, and correct lipid metabolism and other physiological processes through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway. Thus, it could play a significant role in PCOS treatment. The results of our study provide a scientific foundation for basic research and clinical applications of AR for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Li
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chunxia Hou
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Keyuan Xiao
- Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Mirani M, Bahmanpour S, Masjedi F, Derakhshan Z, Dara M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Tabei SMB. Pyridoxamine protects human granulosa cells against advanced glycation end-products-induced steroidogenesis disturbances. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8537-8549. [PMID: 37642758 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulation is associated with ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) dysfunction. Vitamin B6 derivatives positively affected reproduction. The current study was conducted to elucidate the AGEs effects on human luteinized mural GCs steroidogenesis in the presence or absence of pyridoxamine (PM). METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated GCs of 50 healthy women were divided into four parts and treated with media alone (Control), PM alone, or human glycated albumin (HGA) with/without PM. Main steroidogenic enzymes and hormones were assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The AGE receptor (RAGE) protein was also determined using Western blotting. The non-toxic concentration of HGA increased the expression of RAGE, StAR, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD (P < 0.0001 for all) but decreased the expression of CYP19A1 at mRNA levels. The increased RAGE protein expression was also confirmed by western blot analysis. These effects resulted in declined estradiol (E2), slightly, and a sharp rise in progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T) levels, respectively. PM, on its own, ameliorated the HGA-altered enzyme expression and, thereby, corrected the aberrant levels of E2, P4, and T. These effects are likely mediated by regulating the RAGE gene and protein expression. CONCLUSION This study indicates that hormonal dysfunctions induced by the AGEs-RAGE axis in luteinized GCs are likely rectified by PM treatment. This effect is likely acquired by reduced expression of RAGE. A better understanding of how AGEs and PM interact in ovarian physiology and pathology may lead to more targeted therapy for treating ovarian dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirani
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soghra Bahmanpour
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Masjedi
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran.
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Genetically Modified Circulating Levels of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Their Soluble Receptor (AGEs-RAGE Axis) with Risk and Mortality of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246124. [PMID: 36551607 PMCID: PMC9776370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) with their receptor (RAGE) elicits oxidative stress and inflammation, which is involved in the development of breast cancer. However, large-scale population-based evidence exploring genetically modified circulating levels of AGEs-RAGE axis with risk and mortality of breast cancer is scarce. We recruited 1051 pairs of age-matched breast cancers and controls and measured plasma AGEs and sRAGE concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard model were used to calculate the effects of plasma levels and genetic variants of the AGEs-RAGE axis and their combined effects on breast cancer risk and prognosis, respectively. Furthermore, linear regression was performed to assess the modifications in plasma AGEs/sRAGE levels by genetic predisposition. Higher levels of AGEs and AGEs/sRAGE-ratio were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, but sRAGE levels were negatively associated with breast cancer risk, especially in women <60 years. We also observed a positive association between AGEs and the bad prognosis of breast cancer. Although we did not observe a significant contribution of genetic variants to breast cancer risk, rs2070600 and rs1800624 in the AGER gene were dose-dependently correlated with sRAGE levels. Further, compared to the haplotype CT at the lowest quartile of AGEs, haplotypes TT and TA were prominently associated with breast cancer risk in the highest quartile of AGEs. This study depicted a significant association between circulating levels of AGEs-RAGE axis and breast cancer risk and mortality and revealed the potential of plasma AGEs, especially coupled with AGER polymorphism as biomarkers of breast cancer.
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Mouanness M, Nava H, Dagher C, Merhi Z. Contribution of Advanced Glycation End Products to PCOS Key Elements: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173578. [PMID: 36079834 PMCID: PMC9460172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, data has suggested that dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AGEs are highly reactive molecules that are formed by the non-enzymatic glycation process between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. They can be formed endogenously under normal metabolic conditions or under abnormal situations such as diabetes, renal disease, and other inflammatory disorders. Bodily AGEs can also accumulate from exogenous dietary sources particularly when ingested food is cooked and processed under high-temperature conditions, such as frying, baking, or grilling. Women with PCOS have elevated levels of serum AGEs that are associated with insulin resistance and obesity and that leads to a high deposition of AGEs in the ovarian tissue causing anovulation and hyperandrogenism. This review will describe new data relevant to the role of AGEs in several key elements of PCOS phenotype and pathophysiology. Those elements include ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. The literature findings to date suggest that targeting AGEs and their cellular actions could represent a novel approach to treating PCOS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Nava
- Rejuvenating Fertility Center, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Christelle Dagher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | - Zaher Merhi
- Rejuvenating Fertility Center, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(203)-557-9696
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Molecular Genomic Study of Inhibin Molecule Production through Granulosa Cell Gene Expression in Inhibin-Deficient Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175595. [PMID: 36080362 PMCID: PMC9458043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibin is a molecule that belongs to peptide hormones and is excreted through pituitary gonadotropins stimulation action on the granulosa cells of the ovaries. However, the differential regulation of inhibin and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on granulosa cell tumor growth in mice inhibin-deficient females is not yet well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of inhibin and FSH on the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles at the premature antral stage. This study stimulated immature wild-type (WT) and Inhibin-α knockout (Inha−/−) female mice with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and examined hCG-induced gene expression changes in granulosa cells. Also, screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed in the two groups under study. In addition, related modules to external traits and key gene drivers were determined through Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. The results identified a number of 1074 and 931 DEGs and 343 overlapping DEGs (ODEGs) were shared in the two groups. Some 341 ODEGs had high relevance and consistent expression direction, with a significant correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.9145). Additionally, the gene co-expression network of selected 153 genes showed 122 nodes enriched to 21 GO biological processes (BP) and reproduction and 3 genes related to genomic pathways. By using principal component analysis (PCA), the 14 genes in the regulatory network were fixed and the cumulative proportion of fitted top three principal components was 94.64%. In conclusion, this study revealed the novelty of using ODEGs for investigating the inhibin and FSH hormone pathways that might open the way toward gene therapy for granulosa cell tumors. Also, these genes could be used as biomarkers for tracking the changes in inhibin and FSH hormone from the changes in the nutrition pattern.
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Jurczewska J, Szostak-Węgierek D. The Influence of Diet on Ovulation Disorders in Women—A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081556. [PMID: 35458118 PMCID: PMC9029579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility is commonly due to ovulation disorders. They are mostly related to polycystic ovary syndrome, which is currently viewed as one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Ovulation-related female fertility is influenced by multiple factors which may include: age, smoking cigarettes, stress, use of psychoactive substances, and physical activity. Moreover, diet-related factors play an important role in the regulation of ovulation. Dietary components that exert a positive influence on ovulation include: carbohydrate products with low glycemic index, plant protein, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, folic acid, vitamin D, antioxidants, and iron. A diet based on the structure of the Mediterranean diet also seems beneficial. Components that have a negative influence mostly include high glycemic index carbohydrates, large amounts of animal protein, saturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids, which are typically found in the Western model of nutrition. Due to the paucity of studies that presented a direct link between nutrition and the risk of anovulatory infertility, this study aimed to summarize the most recent research on the influence of dietary factors on ovulation disorders and indicate the possibilities of future research.
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Mouanness M, Merhi Z. Impact of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products on Female Reproduction: Review of Potential Mechanistic Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050966. [PMID: 35267940 PMCID: PMC8912317 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogenous group of products formed by the reaction between protein and reducing sugars, can form endogenously due to non-enzymatic reactions or by exogenous sources such as diet where considerable increase in AGEs is observed due to the modification of food mainly by thermal processing. Recent studies have suggested that AGEs could impact, via inducing inflammation and oxidative stress, the reproductive health and fertility in both males and females. This review presents a summary of recently published data pertaining to the pathogenesis of dietary AGEs and their receptors as well as their potential impact on female reproductive health. More specifically, it will present data pertaining to dietary AGEs’ involvement in the mechanistic pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian dysfunction, as well as the AGEs’ effect perinatally on the female offspring reproduction. Understanding the mechanistic impact of dietary AGEs on female reproduction can help contribute to the development of targeted pharmacological therapies that will help curb rising female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mouanness
- Rejuvenating Fertility Center, 315 W 57th Street, Suite 208, New York, NY 10019, USA;
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - Zaher Merhi
- Rejuvenating Fertility Center, 315 W 57th Street, Suite 208, New York, NY 10019, USA;
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Correspondence:
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Role of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Other Ligands for AGE Receptors in Thyroid Cancer Progression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184084. [PMID: 34575195 PMCID: PMC8470575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, thyroid cancers (TCs) remain a clinical challenge owing to their heterogeneous nature. The etiopathology of TCs is associated not only with genetic mutations or chromosomal rearrangements, but also non-genetic factors, such as oxidative-, nitrosative-, and carbonyl stress-related alterations in tumor environment. These factors, through leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, induce tumor tissue proliferation. Interestingly, the incidence of TCs is often coexistent with various simultaneous mutations. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), their precursors and receptors (RAGEs), and other ligands for RAGEs are reported to have significant influence on carcinogenesis and TCs progression, inducing gene mutations, disturbances in histone methylation, and disorders in important carcinogenesis-related pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/NF-kB, p21/MEK/MPAK, or JAK/STAT, RAS/ERK/p53, which induce synthesis of interleukins, growth factors, and cytokines, thus influencing metastasis, angiogenesis, and cancer proliferation. Precursors of AGE (such as methylglyoxal (MG)) and selected ligands for RAGEs: AS1004, AS1008, and HMGB1 may, in the future, become potential targets for TCs treatment, as low MG concentration is associated with less aggressive anaplastic thyroid cancer, whereas the administration of anti-RAGE antibodies inhibits the progression of papillary thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer. This review is aimed at collecting the information on the role of compounds, engaged in glycation process, in the pathogenesis of TCs. Moreover, the utility of these compounds in the diagnosis and treatment of TCs is thoroughly discussed. Understanding the mechanism of action of these compounds on TCs pathogenesis and progression may potentially be the grounds for the development of new treatment strategies, aiming at quality-of-life improvements.
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Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Coptis chinensis Franchin Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6651307. [PMID: 34457027 PMCID: PMC8390140 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6651307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes low fertility in females. Coptis chinensis (C. chinensis) is used to clear heat and dampness, purify fire, and detoxify in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although C. chinensis has demonstrated efficacy against PCOS in clinical practice, there are no available data regarding the bioactive components of C. chinensis, their targets, and molecular mechanisms underlying their effects. Methods and Results Network pharmacology was used to analyze the bioactive components of C. chinensis, their targets, and signaling pathways underlying their effects. The TCM systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) was used to screen 14 effective active ingredients and 218 targets of C. chinensis. The GeneCards, OMIM, and PharmGkb databases were used to screen 3517 disease targets for PCOS, and 102 common targets of drugs and diseases were screened using R Cytoscape that was utilized to build a drug-active ingredient-disease target interaction network, and the STRING platform was utilized to construct a common target protein-protein interaction network, including 102 nodes and 221 edges. Key targets of C. chinensis for the treatment of PCOS included JUN, MAPK, IL6, CXCL8, FOS, and IL1B. A total of 123 gene ontology (GO) terms and 129 pathways were acquired by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The AGEs/RAGE, TNF, IL-17, MAPK, and HIF-1 signaling pathways were closely related to PCOS and may be the core pathways involved in PCOS. Schrodinger software was used to evaluate the interaction between active components and their targets and explore binding modes. Furthermore, based on the prediction of network pharmacology study, a mouse model of PCOS was established to evaluate the curative role and underlying mechanisms of C. chinensis. The results showed that C. chinensis treatment reversed histopathological damage of the ovary and also ameliorated the mRNA and protein expression levels of the predicted hub targets (MAPK1, CXCL8, IL-6, and IL-1β). These results indicated that WZYZP has a protective effect on spermatogenesis disorder, suggesting that it could be an alternative choice for male infertility therapy. Conclusions This preliminary study verified the basic pharmacological effects and mechanisms of C. chinensis, a TCM, in the treatment of PCOS. These results indicate that the therapeutic effects of C. chinensis on PCOS may be achieved by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors. This study provides new insights for the systematic exploration of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Paradiso E, Lazzaretti C, Sperduti S, Antoniani F, Fornari G, Brigante G, Di Rocco G, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Morini D, Falbo AI, Villani MT, Nofer JR, Simoni M, Potì F, Casarini L. Sphingosine-1 phosphate induces cAMP/PKA-independent phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111082. [PMID: 33189864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a lysosphingolipid present in the ovarian follicular fluid. The role of the lysosphingolipid in gonads of the female is widely unclear. At nanomolar concentrations, S1P binds and activates five specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as S1P1-5, modulating different signaling pathways. S1P1 and S1P3 are highly expressed in human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC), as well as in the immortalized human primary granulosa cell line hGL5. In this study, we evaluated the signaling cascade activated by S1P and its synthetic analogues in hGLC and hGL5 cells, exploring the biological relevance of S1PR-stimulation in this context. METHODS AND RESULTS hGLC and hGL5 cells were treated with a fixed dose (0.1 μM) of S1P, or by S1P1- and S1P3-specific agonists SEW2871 and CYM5541. In granulosa cells, S1P and, at a lesser extent, SEW2871 and CYM5541, potently induced CREB phosphorylation. No cAMP production was detected and pCREB activation occurred even in the presence of the PKA inhibitor H-89. Moreover, S1P-dependent CREB phosphorylation was dampened by the mitogen-activate protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil. The complete inhibition of CREB phosphorylation occurred by blocking either S1P2 or S1P3 with the specific receptor antagonists JTE-013 and TY52156, or under PLC/PI3K depletion. S1P-dependent CREB phosphorylation induced FOXO1 and the EGF-like epiregulin-encoding gene (EREG), confirming the exclusive role of gonadotropins and interleukins in this process, but did not affect steroidogenesis. However, S1P or agonists did not modulate granulosa cell viability and proliferation in our conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that S1P may induce a cAMP-independent activation of pCREB in granulosa cells, although this is not sufficient to induce intracellular steroidogenic signals and progesterone synthesis. S1P-induced FOXO1 and EREG gene expression suggests that the activation of S1P-S1PR axis may cooperate with gonadotropins in modulating follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoniani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Fornari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Immacolata Falbo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Central Laboratory Facility, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; PR China, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Papadakis G, Kandaraki EA, Garidou A, Koutsaki M, Papalou O, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Peppa M. Tailoring treatment for PCOS phenotypes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:9-18. [PMID: 33382003 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1865152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive-aged women. Hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, chronic anovulation, and metabolic aberrations are its common features. The treatment approach focuses on the main aberrations, which characterize the different phenotypes. Areas covered: Management strategies targeting the metabolic phenotype include lifestyle modifications for weight loss and improvement of dietary habits, as well as medication, such as insulin-sensitizers. The treatment of hyperandrogenic phenotype includes cosmetic procedures and the combined oral contraceptives with or without antiandrogens. The therapeutic approach to reproductive phenotype includes diet and lifestyle modifications, clomiphene citrate, and aromatase inhibitors. Alternative treatments include dietary supplements, herbs, resveratrol, myo-inositol, and acupuncture. Expert opinion: New studies have shown that higher anti-Müllerian hormone levels, gut microbiome composition, and plasma metabolomics are new parameters that are related to the most severe phenotypes. The clinical phenotypes can change over the lifespan with weight gain and can coexist in the same individual. Individualized treatment remains the main approach but grouping the phenotypes and following therapeutic recommendations may prove to be also clinically appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papadakis
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, STEPS Stoffwechselzentrum , Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Eleni A Kandaraki
- Endocrinology &Diabetes, European University Cyprus (EUC) , Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital Athens , Greece
| | - Anna Garidou
- Private Practice, Endocrinologist and Diabetologist , Chalandri, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Koutsaki
- Private Practice, Endocrinologist and Diabetologist , Kesariani, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital Athens , Greece
| | | | - Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Greece
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12
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Zhu JL, Cai YQ, Long SL, Chen Z, Mo ZC. The role of advanced glycation end products in human infertility. Life Sci 2020; 255:117830. [PMID: 32450172 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are heterogeneous products of the non-enzymatic interaction between proteins and reducing sugars. Numerous studies have shown that AGEs are associated with senescence, diabetes, vascular disease, aging and kidney disease. Infertility has been affected approximately 10 to15% of couples of reproductive ages. AGEs accumulation has been shown to play a crucial role in pathogenesis of infertility-related diseases. The present review provides the generation process, mechanism and pathological significance of AGEs and the novel treatment targeting AGEs for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ling Zhu
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang 416000, Hunan, China; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China; Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ya-Qin Cai
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China; Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shuang-Lian Long
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang 416000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang 416000, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China.
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13
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Bahri Khomami M, Joham AE, Boyle JA, Piltonen T, Silagy M, Arora C, Misso ML, Teede HJ, Moran LJ. Increased maternal pregnancy complications in polycystic ovary syndrome appear to be independent of obesity-A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Obes Rev 2019; 20:659-674. [PMID: 30674081 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of maternal pregnancy and delivery complications. However, the impact of clinical features of PCOS and other potential risk factors in PCOS is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the association of PCOS with maternal pregnancy and delivery complications with consideration of risk factors and potential confounders. The meta-analysis included 63 studies. PCOS was associated with higher miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, induction of labour, and caesarean section. The association of PCOS with these outcomes varied by geographic continent, PCOS phenotypes, and study quality. Pre-eclampsia and induction of labour were not associated with PCOS on body mass index-matched studies. No outcome was associated with PCOS on assisted pregnancies. Age was significantly associated with higher miscarriage on meta-regression. There were no studies assessing perinatal depression. We confirm that PCOS is associated with an increased risk of maternal pregnancy and delivery complications. The association of PCOS with the outcomes is worsened in hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes, in specific geographic continents, and in the highest quality studies but disappears in assisted pregnancies. Future studies in PCOS are warranted to investigate proper timing for screening and prevention of maternal pregnancy and delivery complications with consideration of clinical features of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Bahri Khomami
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anju E Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline A Boyle
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terhi Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Michael Silagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chavy Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie L Misso
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Merhi Z, Kandaraki EA, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Implications and Future Perspectives of AGEs in PCOS Pathophysiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:150-162. [PMID: 30712978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human, animal, and in vitro studies provide evidence that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its metabolic and reproductive consequences. AGEs are able to induce, via activation of key intracellular signaling pathways, the generation of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, thus contributing to the adverse health impact of PCOS. This review presents the implications of AGEs in several disease pathophysiologies, including PCOS, as well as the cellular and systemic effects of AGEs on insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenemia, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hypoxia, and ovarian function. The gaps in our knowledge will serve as launching pad for future developments ranging from dietary and lifestyle changes to pharmaceutical interventions aiming at potential applications in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Merhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Eleni A Kandaraki
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece; Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Marousi, Athens, Greece
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15
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Ravichandran G, Lakshmanan DK, Raju K, Elangovan A, Nambirajan G, Devanesan AA, Thilagar S. Food advanced glycation end products as potential endocrine disruptors: An emerging threat to contemporary and future generation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:486-500. [PMID: 30622074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mankind exposure to chemicals in the past century has increased dramatically throughout environment. There is no question that chemicals interfere with the physiology of biological system. Abundance of chemicals is documented to be detrimental to human and wildlife. The mammalian endocrine system is comprised of many interacting tissues mediate themselves through hormones that are essential for metabolism, growth and development. Humans secrete over fifty different hormones to orchestrate major physiological functions however; these vital functions can be intervened by huge number of internal and external chemical stressors that are identified as endocrine disruptors. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), familiarly known as Maillard products, formed through non-enzymatic glycation whose production is augmented on aging as well as environmental stressors. Processed foods have become very popular today due to their taste, convenience, and inexpensiveness. Manufacture of these day-to-day foods involves extreme temperatures on processing results in the formation of AGEs could independently promote oxidative stress, aging, diabetes, cancer, degenerative diseases, more fascinatingly hormonal disruption is the subject of interest of this review. Based on some substantial observations documented till time, we discuss the emergence of dietary AGEs as potential endocrine disruptors by emphasizing their occurrence, mechanisms and participation in endocrine interruption. Both economically and in terms of human life, AGEs may represent an enormous cost for the future society. Therefore, by explicating their novel role in endocrine diseases, the review strives to make an impact on AGEs and their exposure among public as well as scientific communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guna Ravichandran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karthik Raju
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Abbirami Elangovan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gayathri Nambirajan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arul Ananth Devanesan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P. Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Sivasudha Thilagar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
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16
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Macut D, Milutinović DV, Rašić-Marković A, Nestorov J, Bjekić-Macut J, Stanojlović O. A decade in female reproduction: an endocrine view of the past and into the future. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:497-505. [PMID: 30421155 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, huge achievements have been made in the fields of neurophysiology, molecular endocrinology, and biochemistry, as well as in the successful translation of clinical research into diseases into clinical practice. As regards female reproduction, most of the advances made in this area were achieved in gonadal axis regulation, regulation of behavior through sex steroids, reproductive genetics, preservation of ovarian reproductive function, steroid profiling, and metabolic and overall reproductive outcomes. The coming years are expected to bring further understanding of the relationships between nutrition, energy metabolism, and reproductive function and to succeed in identifying new genetic markers linked to adverse metabolic and unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes in women. From our perspective, future research in the field of female reproduction should be directed toward doing research into genetic reproductive abnormalities and neuroendocrine diseases, pathophysiology, long-term health outcomes for oligo/amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction. It is additionally expected that a better understanding will be gained of the endocrinology of the placenta and of pregnancy, the role of the microbiome in female reproduction, the role of insulin sensitizers, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic drugs, and various advances in the prevention of ovarian damage caused by various oncology therapies, while new therapeutic options for the treatment of infertility, including kisspeptin, will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Nestorov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekić-Macut
- UMC Bežanijska kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Laganà AS, Garzon S, Casarin J, Franchi M, Ghezzi F. Inositol in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Restoring Fertility through a Pathophysiology-Based Approach. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:768-780. [PMID: 30270194 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) are insulin second messengers, and MI is involved in follicular gonadotropin pathways which orchestrate ovulation. The tissue-specific MI/DCI ratio is modulated by insulin through aromatase and is altered in insulin resistance (IR), with reduced epimerization of MI to DCI in insulin-sensitive tissues. In ovaries, the MI/DCI ratio is 100:1, but is dramatically reduced by insulin-stimulated epimerase in hyperinsulinemic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Inositols have proved to be effective in PCOS, improving metabolic and hormonal state, and restoring spontaneous ovulation. In assisted reproductive technology, inositol improved ovarian stimulation parameters, although data concerning fertility outcomes are conflicting. Given their functions, inositols are an attractive treatment option for PCOS, although well-designed studies on spontaneous and non-spontaneous fertility are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Filippo Del Ponte' Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Equal contributions.
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona (AOUI Verona), University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Equal contributions
| | - Jvan Casarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Filippo Del Ponte' Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona (AOUI Verona), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghezzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Filippo Del Ponte' Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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18
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Goldsammler M, Merhi Z, Buyuk E. Role of hormonal and inflammatory alterations in obesity-related reproductive dysfunction at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:45. [PMID: 29743077 PMCID: PMC5941782 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides being a risk factor for multiple metabolic disorders, obesity could affect female reproduction. While increased adiposity is associated with hormonal changes that could disrupt the function of the hypothalamus and the pituitary, compelling data suggest that obesity-related hormonal and inflammatory changes could directly impact ovarian function. OBJECTIVE To review the available data related to the mechanisms by which obesity, and its associated hormonal and inflammatory changes, could affect the female reproductive function with a focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. METHODS PubMed database search for publications in English language until October 2017 pertaining to obesity and female reproductive function was performed. RESULTS The obesity-related changes in hormone levels, in particular leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein, are associated with reproductive dysfunction at both the hypothalamic-pituitary and the ovarian levels. The pro-inflammatory molecules advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) are emerging as relatively new players in the pathophysiology of obesity-related ovarian dysfunction. CONCLUSION There is an intricate crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the inflammatory system with the HPO axis function. Understanding the mechanisms behind this crosstalk could lead to potential therapies for the common obesity-related reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Goldsammler
- Montefiore’s Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Hartsdale, NY USA
| | - Zaher Merhi
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
- 0000000121791997grid.251993.5Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Erkan Buyuk
- Montefiore’s Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Hartsdale, NY USA
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