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Yamashita M, Tomoda T, Mizuo A, Isoda T, Egawa M, Yoshida M, Toki T, Kudo K, Terui K, Ito E, Morio T, Takagi M. Transient erythroblastopenia due to a GATA1 variant in an infant female. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30834. [PMID: 38149846 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital anemia with erythroid cell aplasia. Most of the causative genes are ribosomal proteins. GATA1, a hematopoietic master transcription factor required for erythropoiesis, also causes DBA. GATA1 is located on Xp11.23; therefore, DBA develops only in males in an X-linked inheritance pattern. Here, we report a case of transient erythroblastopenia and moderate anemia in a female newborn infant with a de novo GATA1 variant. In this patient, increased methylation of the GATA1 wild-type allele was observed in erythroid cells. Skewed lyonization of GATA1 may cause mild transient erythroblastopenia in a female patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Mizuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagawa Saiseikai Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Egawa
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Li J, Su Y, Chen L, Lin Y, Ru K. Identification of novel mutations in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and literature review of RPS10 and RPS26 mutations. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:766-773. [PMID: 37376976 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by erythroid aplasia, physical malformation, and cancer predisposition. Twenty ribosomal protein genes and three non-ribosomal protein genes have been identified associated with DBA. METHODS To investigate the presence of novel mutations and gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease, targeted next-generation sequencing was performed in 12 patients with clinically suspected DBA. Literatures were retrieved with complete clinical information published in English by November 2022. The clinical features, treatment, and RPS10/RPS26 mutations were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 12 patients, 11 mutations were identified and 5 of them were novel (RPS19, p.W52S; RPS10, p.P106Qfs*11; RPS26, p.R28*; RPL5, p.R35*; RPL11, p.T44Lfs*40). Including 2 patients in this study, 13 patients with RPS10 mutations and 38 patients with RPS26 mutations were reported from 4 and 6 countries, respectively. The incidences of physical malformation in patients with RPS10 and RPS26 mutations (22% and 36%, respectively) were lower than the overall incidence in DBA patients (~50%). Patients with RPS26 mutations had a worse response rate of steroid therapy than RPS10 (47% vs. 87.5%), but preferred RBC transfusions (67% vs. 44%, p = 0.0253). CONCLUSION Our findings add to the DBA pathogenic variant database and demonstrate the clinical presentations of the DBA patients with RPS10/RPS26 mutations. It shows that next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of genetic diseases such as DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- SINO-US Diagnostics, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of AI-aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongfeng Su
- Department of Hematology for Seniors, the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Chen
- SINO-US Diagnostics, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of AI-aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, Tianjin, China
| | - Yani Lin
- SINO-US Diagnostics, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of AI-aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Ru
- SINO-US Diagnostics, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of AI-aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Kubickova A, Maceckova Z, Vojta P, Ondra M, Volejnikova J, Koralkova P, Jungova A, Jahoda O, Mojzikova R, Hadacova I, Cermak J, Horvathova M, Pospisilova D, Hajduch M. Missense mutation in RPS7 causes Diamond-Blackfan anemia via alteration of erythrocyte metabolism, protein translation and induction of ribosomal stress. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 97:102690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fedorova D, Ovsyannikova G, Kurnikova M, Pavlova A, Konyukhova T, Pshonkin A, Smetanina N. De novo TP53 germline activating mutations in two patients with the phenotype mimicking Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29558. [PMID: 35084091 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, associated with mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Growing data on mutations in non-RP genes in patients with DBA-like phenotype became available over recent years. We describe two patients with the phenotype of DBA (onset of macrocytic anemia within the first year of life, paucity of erythroid precursors in bone marrow) and germline de novo variants in the TP53 gene. Both patients became transfusion independent, probably due to L-leucine therapy. The possible role of TP53 variants should be considered in patients with DBA-like phenotype and no mutations in RP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Fedorova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Ovsyannikova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Kurnikova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Pavlova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Konyukhova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Pshonkin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya Smetanina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Medical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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5
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Brodie SA, Khincha PP, Giri N, Bouk AJ, Steinberg M, Dai J, Jessop L, Donovan FX, Chandrasekharappa SC, de Andrade KC, Maric I, Ellis SR, Mirabello L, Alter BP, Savage SA. Pathogenic germline IKZF1 variant alters hematopoietic gene expression profiles. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006015. [PMID: 34162668 PMCID: PMC8327879 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IKZF1 encodes Ikaros, a zinc finger–containing transcription factor crucial to the development of the hematopoietic system. Germline pathogenic variants in IKZF1 have been reported in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and immunodeficiency syndromes. Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by erythroid hypoplasia, associated with a spectrum of congenital anomalies and an elevated risk of certain cancers. DBA is usually caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in genes that function in ribosomal biogenesis; however, in many cases the genetic etiology is unknown. We identified a germline IKZF1 variant, rs757907717 C > T, in identical twins with DBA-like features and autoimmune gastrointestinal disease. rs757907717 C > T results in a p.R381C amino acid change in the IKZF1 Ik-x isoform (p.R423C on isoform Ik-1), which we show is associated with altered global gene expression and perturbation of transcriptional networks involved in hematopoietic system development. These data suggest that this missense substitution caused a DBA-like syndrome in this family because of alterations in hematopoiesis, including dysregulation of networks essential for normal erythropoiesis and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Payal P Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Aaron J Bouk
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Mia Steinberg
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Jieqiong Dai
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Lea Jessop
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kelvin C de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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6
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An K, Zhou JB, Xiong Y, Han W, Wang T, Ye ZQ, Wu YD. Computational Studies of the Structural Basis of Human RPS19 Mutations Associated With Diamond-Blackfan Anemia. Front Genet 2021; 12:650897. [PMID: 34108988 PMCID: PMC8181406 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.650897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited rare disease characterized with severe pure red cell aplasia, and it is caused by the defective ribosome biogenesis stemming from the impairment of ribosomal proteins. Among all DBA-associated ribosomal proteins, RPS19 affects most patients and carries most DBA mutations. Revealing how these mutations lead to the impairment of RPS19 is highly demanded for understanding the pathogenesis of DBA, but a systematic study is currently lacking. In this work, based on the complex structure of human ribosome, we comprehensively studied the structural basis of DBA mutations of RPS19 by using computational methods. Main structure elements and five conserved surface patches involved in RPS19-18S rRNA interaction were identified. We further revealed that DBA mutations would destabilize RPS19 through disrupting the hydrophobic core or breaking the helix, or perturb the RPS19-18S rRNA interaction through destroying hydrogen bonds, introducing steric hindrance effect, or altering surface electrostatic property at the interface. Moreover, we trained a machine-learning model to predict the pathogenicity of all possible RPS19 mutations. Our work has laid a foundation for revealing the pathogenesis of DBA from the structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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7
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Strahm B, Loewecke F, Niemeyer CM, Albert M, Ansari M, Bader P, Bertrand Y, Burkhardt B, Da Costa LM, Ferster A, Fischer A, Güngör T, Gruhn B, Hainmann I, Kapp F, Lang P, Müller I, Schulz A, Szvetnik A, Wlodarski M, Noellke P, Leblanc T, Dalle JH. Favorable outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1760-9. [PMID: 32343795 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital pure red cell aplasia associated with congenital abnormalities and cancer predisposition. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can correct the hematological phenotype and is indicated in transfusion-dependent patients. In 70 children reported to the German DBA and French HSCT registries, HSCT was performed from 1985 to 2017. Median age at HSCT was 5.5 years (range, 0.9-17.3 years). Two-thirds of patients (64%) were transplanted from a matched sibling donor (MSD), and most procedures were performed after the year 1999 (73%). Primary engraftment was achieved in all patients. One patient developed secondary graft failure. Cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 24% for °II-IV (95% confidence interval [CI], 16% to 37%) and 7% for °III-IV (95% CI, 3% to 17%); cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 11% (95% CI, 5% to 22%). The probability of chronic GVHD-free survival (cGFS) was 87% (95% CI, 79% to 95%) and significantly improved over time (<2000: 68% [95% CI, 47% to 89%] vs ≥2000: 94% [95% CI, 87% to 100%], P < .01). cGFS was comparable following HSCT from a MSD and an unrelated donor (UD). Of note, no severe chronic GVHD or deaths were reported following MSD-HSCT after 1999. The difference of cGFS in children transplanted <10 years of age compared with older patients did not reach statistical significance (<10 years: 90% [95% CI, 81% to 99%] vs 10-18 years 78% [95% CI, 58% to 98%]). In summary, these data indicate that HSCT is efficient and safe in young DBA patients and should be considered if a MSD or matched UD is available. HSCT for transfusion dependency only must be critically discussed in older patients.
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8
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Long Z, Li H, Du Y, Chen M, Zhuang J, Han B. Gene mutation profile in patients with acquired pure red cell aplasia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1749-1754. [PMID: 32594217 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a disorder characterized by normocytic anemia associated with reticulocytopenia and an absence of erythroblasts. The gene mutation profile in acquired PRCA is not defined yet. In this study, we aimed to identify the gene mutation spectrum of patients with acquired PRCA and the correlation between gene mutations and response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Thirty newly diagnosed acquired PRCA patients were enrolled in this study, and then whole-exome sequencing were performed among these patients and a panel with 93 candidate genes which associated with other bone marrow failure for the following analysis. Subsequently patients were treated with IST for at least 2 years. When treated with IST, there were thirteen complete response, ten partial response (ORR 76.7%), and seven no response at a medium of 8 (6-10) months. Totally twenty-three mutations in fifteen genes were detected in sixteen patients (53%). The mutated genes were associated with transcription, signal transduction, and epigenetic regulation pathways. The most frequent transitions in the point mutations were C > T. Age, gender, hemoglobin level at diagnosis, and gene mutation or not did not influence the response to IST. However, although patients with BCOR or BCORL1 mutations had a similar response to IST compared with those without mutation (P = 0.235), they had a better response than those with other gene mutations (P = 0.0193). In conclusion, patients with acquired PRCA may have clonal gene mutations. The patients with BCOR and BCORL1 mutations may suggest a better response to IST compared with those with other mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbiao Long
- Department of Hematology, Peking union medical college hospital, Chinese academy of medical sciences and Peking union medical college, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Hematology, The first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking union medical college hospital, Chinese academy of medical sciences and Peking union medical college, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yali Du
- Department of Hematology, Peking union medical college hospital, Chinese academy of medical sciences and Peking union medical college, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Peking union medical college hospital, Chinese academy of medical sciences and Peking union medical college, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junling Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Peking union medical college hospital, Chinese academy of medical sciences and Peking union medical college, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Hematology, Peking union medical college hospital, Chinese academy of medical sciences and Peking union medical college, Beijing, 100730, China.
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9
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Lezzerini M, Penzo M, O'Donohue MF, Marques Dos Santos Vieira C, Saby M, Elfrink HL, Diets IJ, Hesse AM, Couté Y, Gastou M, Nin-Velez A, Nikkels PGJ, Olson AN, Zonneveld-Huijssoon E, Jongmans MCJ, Zhang G, van Weeghel M, Houtkooper RH, Wlodarski MW, Kuiper RP, Bierings MB, van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Leblanc T, Montanaro L, Dinman JD, Da Costa L, Gleizes PE, MacInnes AW. Ribosomal protein gene RPL9 variants can differentially impair ribosome function and cellular metabolism. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:770-787. [PMID: 31799629 PMCID: PMC6954397 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in ribosomal protein (RP) genes drive Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a bone marrow failure syndrome that can also predispose individuals to cancer. Inherited and sporadic RP gene variants are also linked to a variety of phenotypes, including malignancy, in individuals with no anemia. Here we report an individual diagnosed with DBA carrying a variant in the 5′UTR of RPL9 (uL6). Additionally, we report two individuals from a family with multiple cancer incidences carrying a RPL9 missense variant. Analysis of cells from these individuals reveals that despite the variants both driving pre-rRNA processing defects and 80S monosome reduction, the downstream effects are remarkably different. Cells carrying the 5′UTR variant stabilize TP53 and impair the growth and differentiation of erythroid cells. In contrast, ribosomes incorporating the missense variant erroneously read through UAG and UGA stop codons of mRNAs. Metabolic profiles of cells carrying the 5′UTR variant reveal an increased metabolism of amino acids and a switch from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis while those of cells carrying the missense variant reveal a depletion of nucleotide pools. These findings indicate that variants in the same RP gene can drive similar ribosome biogenesis defects yet still have markedly different downstream consequences and clinical impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lezzerini
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Penzo
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata (CRBA), Policlinico Universitario di S. Orsola, Università di Bologna,Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- LBME, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manon Saby
- INSERM UMR S1134, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Hyung L Elfrink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Illja J Diets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Gastou
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Institute Gustave Roussy, Inserm unit U1170, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Nin-Velez
- Department of Comparative Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Peter G J Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra N Olson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C J Jongmans
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Utrecht University Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcin W Wlodarski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.,St. Jude's Children Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Roland P Kuiper
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc B Bierings
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Utrecht University Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thierry Leblanc
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Service, Robert Debré Hospital, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata (CRBA), Policlinico Universitario di S. Orsola, Università di Bologna,Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jonathan D Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lydie Da Costa
- INSERM UMR S1134, F-75015, Paris, France.,Paris University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Hematology Lab, Robert Debré Hospital, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- LBME, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Alyson W MacInnes
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Tominaga M, Hamanoue S, Goto H, Saito T, Nagai JI, Masuno M, Umeda Y, Kurosawa K. Diamond-Blackfan anemia caused by chromosome 1p22 deletion encompassing RPL5. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:36. [PMID: 31645974 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited anemia with multiple congenital malformations, and mutations in ribosomal protein genes have been identified as the underlying cause. We describe a female patient with mild DBA due to 1p22 deletion, encompassing the gene encoding 60S ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5). Considering previously reported cases together with our patient, we suggest that RPL5 haploinsufficiency might cause a less severe form of DBA than loss-of-function mutations.
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11
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Do J, Motz P, Parikh P. Case 3: Severe Anemia in a Term Newborn. Neoreviews 2019; 20:e45-e47. [PMID: 31261074 DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-1-e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Do
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Patrick Motz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Pratik Parikh
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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12
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Khurana M, Edwards D, Rescorla F, Miller C, He Y, Sierra Potchanant E, Nalepa G. Whole-exome sequencing enables correct diagnosis and surgical management of rare inherited childhood anemia. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a003152. [PMID: 30275003 PMCID: PMC6169821 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct diagnosis of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes is a challenge because of the significant overlap in clinical presentation of these disorders. Establishing right genetic diagnosis is crucial for patients’ optimal clinical management and family counseling. A nondysmorphic infant reported here developed severe transfusion-dependent anemia and met clinical criteria for diagnosis of Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA). However, whole-exome sequencing demonstrated that the child was a compound heterozygote for a paternally inherited pathogenic truncating variant (SPTA1c.4975 C>T) and a novel maternally inherited missense variant of uncertain significance (SPTA1c.5029 G>A) within the spectrin gene, consistent with hereditary hemolytic anemia due to disruption of red blood cell (RBC) cytoskeleton. Ektacytometry demonstrated abnormal membrane flexibility of the child's RBCs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological aberrations of the patient's RBCs. Both parents were found to have mild hereditary elliptocytosis. Importantly, patients with severe RBC membrane defects may be successfully managed with splenectomy to minimize peripheral destruction of misshapen RBCs, whereas patients with DBA require lifelong transfusions, steroid therapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. As suggested by the WES findings, splenectomy rendered our patient transfusion-independent, improving the family's quality of life and preventing transfusion-related iron overload. This case illustrates the utility of whole-exome sequencing in clinical care of children with genetic disorders of unclear presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Khurana
- Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Donna Edwards
- Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Frederic Rescorla
- Department of Surgery, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Caroline Miller
- Electron Microscopy Core, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Ying He
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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13
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis results in the correct formation of all the different blood cell types. In mammals, it starts from specific hematopoietic stem and precursor cells residing in the bone marrow. Mature blood cells are responsible for supplying oxygen to every cell of the organism and for the protection against pathogens. Therefore, inherited or de novo genetic mutations affecting blood cell formation or the regulation of their activity are responsible for numerous diseases including anemia, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, hyper- or hypo-inflammation, and cancer. By definition, an animal disease model is an analogous version of a specific clinical condition developed by researchers to gain information about its pathophysiology. Among all the model species used in comparative medicine, mice continue to be the most common and accepted model for biomedical research. However, because of the complexity of human diseases and the intrinsic differences between humans and other species, the use of several models (possibly in distinct species) can often be more helpful and informative than the use of a single model. In recent decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become increasingly popular among researchers, because it represents an inexpensive alternative compared to mammalian models, such as mice. Numerous advantages make it an excellent animal model to be used in genetic studies and in particular in modeling human blood diseases. Comparing zebrafish hematopoiesis to mammals, it is highly conserved with few, significant differences. In addition, the zebrafish model has a high-quality, complete genomic sequence available that shows a high level of evolutionary conservation with the human genome, empowering genetic and genomic approaches. Moreover, the external fertilization, the high fecundity and the transparency of their embryos facilitate rapid, in vivo analysis of phenotypes. In addition, the ability to manipulate its genome using the last genome editing technologies, provides powerful tools for developing new disease models and understanding the pathophysiology of human disorders. This review provides an overview of the different approaches and techniques that can be used to model genetic diseases in zebrafish, discussing how this animal model has contributed to the understanding of genetic diseases, with a specific focus on the blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Long Z, Yu F, Du Y, Li H, Chen M, Zhuang J, Han B. Successful treatment of refractory/relapsed acquired pure red cell aplasia with sirolimus. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2047-2054. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Arbiv OA, Cuvelier G, Klaassen RJ, Fernandez CV, Robitaille N, Steele M, Breakey V, Abish S, Wu J, Sinha R, Silva M, Goodyear L, Jardine L, Lipton JH, Corriveau-Bourque C, Brossard J, Michon B, Ghemlas I, Waespe N, Zlateska B, Sung L, Cada M, Dror Y. Molecular analysis and genotype-phenotype correlation of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Clin Genet 2017; 93:320-328. [PMID: 29044489 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) features hypoplastic anemia and congenital malformations, largely caused by mutations in various ribosomal proteins. The aim of this study was to characterize the spectrum of genetic lesions causing DBA and identify genotypes that correlate with phenotypes of clinical significance. Seventy-four patients with DBA from across Canada were included. Nucleotide-level mutations or large deletions were identified in 10 ribosomal genes in 45 cases. The RPS19 mutation group was associated with higher requirement for chronic treatment for anemia than other DBA groups. Patients with RPS19 mutations, however, were more likely to maintain long-term corticosteroid response without requirement for further chronic transfusions. Conversely, patients with RPL11 mutations were less likely to need chronic treatment. Birth defects, including cardiac, skeletal, hand, cleft lip or palate and genitourinary malformations, also varied among the various genetic groups. Patients with RPS19 mutations had the fewest number of defects, while patients with RPL5 had the greatest number of birth defects. This is the first study to show differences between DBA genetic groups with regards to treatment. Previously unreported differences in the rate and types of birth defects were also identified. These data allow better patient counseling, a more personalized monitoring plan, and may also suggest differential functions of DBA genes on ribosome and extra-ribosomal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Arbiv
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Cuvelier
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - R J Klaassen
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C V Fernandez
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - N Robitaille
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Steele
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - V Breakey
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Abish
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Wu
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - R Sinha
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - M Silva
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - L Goodyear
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Janeway Child Health Centre, St. John's, Canada
| | - L Jardine
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - J H Lipton
- Department of Haematology and Internal Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Corriveau-Bourque
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Alberta Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - J Brossard
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Centre Y Sante L'Estrie-Fleur, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - B Michon
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - I Ghemlas
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Waespe
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - B Zlateska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Sung
- Program in Child Health and Evaluative Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Lymphoma Leukemia Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Cada
- The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Y Dror
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Haematology Section, Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Simkins A, Bannon SA, Khoury JD, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Foglesong JS, Alvarado Y, Borthakur G, DiNardo CD. Diamond-Blackfan Anemia Predisposing to Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Early Adulthood. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 1:1-5. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aron Simkins
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah A. Bannon
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Yesid Alvarado
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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17
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Allali S, Brousse V, Sacri AS, Chalumeau M, de Montalembert M. Anemia in children: prevalence, causes, diagnostic work-up, and long-term consequences. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:1023-1028. [PMID: 29023171 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1354696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia in children is a major public health problem throughout the world. It is often multifactorial, iron deficiency being the most frequent etiology. Consequences are diverse and largely under evaluated. Areas covered: This paper briefly reviews the main causes and focus on the potential consequences of acute and chronic anemia in children. Expert commentary: Anemia in children should never be trivialized. Even if iron deficiency is frequently involved, other potentially life-threatening causes are possible and should be looked for. The exact contribution of anemia to child mortality and morbidity is difficult to assess because of overlapping comorbidities. Chronic anemia may impair growth, cardiac function and cognitive development in infants but other consequences are rather poorly described and should be explored more thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Allali
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Valentine Brousse
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Anne-Sylvia Sacri
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Martin Chalumeau
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Mariane de Montalembert
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France.,b Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex , Paris , France
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18
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Mirabello L, Khincha PP, Ellis SR, Giri N, Brodie S, Chandrasekharappa SC, Donovan FX, Zhou W, Hicks BD, Boland JF, Yeager M, Jones K, Zhu B, Wang M, Alter BP, Savage SA. Novel and known ribosomal causes of Diamond-Blackfan anaemia identified through comprehensive genomic characterisation. J Med Genet 2017; 54:417-425. [PMID: 28280134 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterised by erythroid hypoplasia. It is associated with congenital anomalies and a high risk of developing specific cancers. DBA is caused predominantly by autosomal dominant pathogenic variants in at least 15 genes affecting ribosomal biogenesis and function. Two X-linked recessive genes have been identified. OBJECTIVES We aim to identify the genetic aetiology of DBA. METHODS Of 87 families with DBA enrolled in an institutional review board-approved cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00027274), 61 had genetic testing information available. Thirty-five families did not have a known genetic cause and thus underwent comprehensive genomic evaluation with whole exome sequencing, deletion and CNV analyses to identify their disease-associated pathogenic variant. Controls for functional studies were healthy mutation-negative individuals enrolled in the same study. RESULTS Our analyses uncovered heterozygous pathogenic variants in two previously undescribed genes in two families. One family had a non-synonymous variant (p.K77N) in RPL35; the second family had a non-synonymous variant (p. L51S) in RPL18. Both of these variants result in pre-rRNA processing defects. We identified heterozygous pathogenic variants in previously known DBA genes in 16 of 35 families. Seventeen families who underwent genetic analyses are yet to have a genetic cause of disease identified. CONCLUSIONS Overall, heterozygous pathogenic variants in ribosomal genes were identified in 44 of the 61 families (72%). De novo pathogenic variants were observed in 57% of patients with DBA. Ongoing studies of DBA genomics will be important to understand this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Payal P Khincha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosomes, the protein-producing factories of the cell, are composed of four ribosomal RNA molecules and roughly 80 proteins. Their biogenesis is a complex process that involves more than 200 biogenesis factors that facilitate the production, modification, and assembly of ribosomal components and the structural transitions along the maturation pathways of the pre-ribosomal particles. Here, I review recent structural and mechanistic insights into the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit that were furthered by cryo-electron microscopy of natively purified pre-60S particles and in vitro reconstituted ribosome assembly factor complexes. Combined with biochemical, genetic, and previous structural data, these structures have provided detailed insights into the assembly and maturation of the central protuberance of the 60S subunit, the network of biogenesis factors near the ribosomal tunnel exit, and the functional activation of the large ribosomal subunit during cytoplasmic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil J Greber
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3220, USA
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20
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Abstract
Congenital anemias comprise a group of blood disorders characterized by a reduction in the number of peripherally circulating erythrocytes. Various genetic etiologies have been identified that affect diverse aspects of erythroid physiology and broadly fall into two main categories: impaired production or increased destruction of mature erythrocytes. Current therapies are largely focused on symptomatic treatment and are often based on transfusion of donor-derived erythrocytes and management of complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only curative option currently available for the majority of congenital anemias. Recent advances in gene therapy and genome editing hold promise for the development of additional curative strategies for these blood disorders. The relative ease of access to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment, as well as the possibility of genetic manipulation ex vivo and subsequent transplantation in an autologous manner, make blood disorders among the most amenable to cellular therapies. Here we review cell-based and gene therapy approaches, and discuss the limitations and prospects of emerging avenues, including genome editing tools and the use of pluripotent stem cells, for the treatment of congenital forms of anemia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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21
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Abstract
The recent advent of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system for precise genome editing has revolutionized methodologies in haematology and oncology studies. CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used to remove and correct genes or mutations, and to introduce site-specific therapeutic genes in human cells. Inherited haematological disorders represent ideal targets for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene therapy. Correcting disease-causing mutations could alleviate disease-related symptoms in the near future. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is also a useful tool for delineating molecular mechanisms involving haematological malignancies. Prior to the use of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene correction in humans, appropriate delivery systems with higher efficiency and specificity must be identified, and ethical guidelines for applying the technology with controllable safety must be established. Here, the latest applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in haematological disorders, current challenges and future directions are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas-Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nami McCarty
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas-Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Diamond blackfan anemia (DBA) is a well-known inherited bone marrow failure syndrome mostly caused by mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes but also rarely in the hematopoietic transcription factor gene, GATA1, or TSR2, a ribosomal protein (Rps26) chaperone gene. About 25% of patients have heterozygous mutations in the RPS19 gene, which leads to haploinsufficiency of Rps19 protein in most cases. However, some RPS19 missense mutations appear to act in a dominant negative fashion. DBA typically leads to a hypoplastic anemia that becomes apparent during the first year of life, and standard treatment includes steroids or red blood cell transfusions, each modality having attendant side effects. The only curative therapy is allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, but this option is limited to patients with a histocompatible donor. DBA-mutant embryonic, induced pluripotent, and hematopoietic stem cells all exhibit growth abnormalities that can be corrected by DNA gene transfer, suggesting the possibility of ex vivo autologous gene therapy. The authors have been interested in the application of spliceosome-mediated mRNA trans-splicing (SMaRT) technology to RNA repair of DBA stem cells. Compared with gene replacement or other RNA re-programming approaches, SMaRT has several potential advantages. First, delivery of the entire normal cDNA is unnecessary, thus minimizing the overall size of the construct for packaging into a viral delivery vector. Second, RNA transcription of the corrected gene relies on the cell's endogenous transcriptional, processing, and regulatory machinery, thereby ensuring faithful and contextual expression. Third, RNA trans-splicing employs the endogenous spliceosome enzymatic machinery present in nearly all cells. Fourth, RNA trans-splicing converts mutant transcripts into therapeutically useful mRNA, and thus may be capable of treating disorders caused by dominant negative mutations. This review critically assesses prospects for both gene and RNA repair in DBA stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L D'Allard
- Les Nelkin Memorial Pediatric Oncology Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, New York
| | - Johnson M Liu
- Les Nelkin Memorial Pediatric Oncology Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, New York
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23
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Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare heterogeneous genetic disease characterized by severe anemia, reduction or absence of erythroid progenitors, and pro-apoptoptic hematopoiesis, which culminates in bone marrow failure. The disease generally manifests in infancy, as craniofacial, cardiac, genitourinary, and upper limb congenital anomalies. Therapy with corticoids is the treatment of choice, while blood transfusion is adopted during diagnosis and as a chronic approach if the patient does not respond to corticoids. This case report describes DBA in a patient that presented with lesions on the oral mucosa caused by secondary neutropenia. The stomatologist plays an important role in a transdisciplinary team and must remain attentive to the general health conditions of patients, since some oral lesions may be associated with systemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Munerato
- Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Eckalbar WL, Schlebusch SA, Mason MK, Gill Z, Parker AV, Booker BM, Nishizaki S, Muswamba-Nday C, Terhune E, Nevonen KA, Makki N, Friedrich T, VanderMeer JE, Pollard KS, Carbone L, Wall JD, Illing N, Ahituv N. Transcriptomic and epigenomic characterization of the developing bat wing. Nat Genet 2016; 48:528-36. [PMID: 27019111 PMCID: PMC4848140 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight, but little is known about the genetic determinants that shape their wings. Here we generated a genome for Miniopterus natalensis and performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq (H3K27ac and H3K27me3) analyses on its developing forelimb and hindlimb autopods at sequential embryonic stages to decipher the molecular events that underlie bat wing development. Over 7,000 genes and several long noncoding RNAs, including Tbx5-as1 and Hottip, were differentially expressed between forelimb and hindlimb, and across different stages. ChIP-seq analysis identified thousands of regions that are differentially modified in forelimb and hindlimb. Comparative genomics found 2,796 bat-accelerated regions within H3K27ac peaks, several of which cluster near limb-associated genes. Pathway analyses highlighted multiple ribosomal proteins and known limb patterning signaling pathways as differentially regulated and implicated increased forelimb mesenchymal condensation in differential growth. In combination, our work outlines multiple genetic components that likely contribute to bat wing formation, providing insights into this morphological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Eckalbar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen A Schlebusch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mandy K Mason
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zoe Gill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ash V Parker
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Betty M Booker
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sierra Nishizaki
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Terhune
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, Primate Genetics Section, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kimberly A Nevonen
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, Primate Genetics Section, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Nadja Makki
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tara Friedrich
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia E VanderMeer
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucia Carbone
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, Primate Genetics Section, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeff D Wall
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicola Illing
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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25
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Pesciotta EN, Lam HS, Kossenkov A, Ge J, Showe LC, Mason PJ, Bessler M, Speicher DW. In-Depth, Label-Free Analysis of the Erythrocyte Cytoplasmic Proteome in Diamond Blackfan Anemia Identifies a Unique Inflammatory Signature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140036. [PMID: 26474164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare, congenital erythrocyte aplasia that is usually caused by haploinsufficiency of ribosomal proteins due to diverse mutations in one of several ribosomal genes. A striking feature of this disease is that a range of different mutations in ribosomal proteins results in similar disease phenotypes primarily characterized by erythrocyte abnormalities and macrocytic anemia, while most other cell types in the body are minimally affected. Previously, we analyzed the erythrocyte membrane proteomes of several DBA patients and identified several proteins that are not typically associated with this cell type and that suggested inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of DBA. In this study, we evaluated the erythrocyte cytosolic proteome of DBA patients through in-depth analysis of hemoglobin-depleted erythrocyte cytosols. Simple, reproducible, hemoglobin depletion using nickel columns enabled in-depth analysis of over 1000 cytosolic erythrocyte proteins with only moderate total analysis time per proteome. Label-free quantitation and statistical analysis identified 29 proteins with significantly altered abundance levels in DBA patients compared to matched healthy control donors. Proteins that were significantly increased in DBA erythrocyte cytoplasms included three proteasome subunit beta proteins that make up the immunoproteasome and proteins induced by interferon-γ such as n-myc interactor and interferon-induced 35 kDa protein [NMI and IFI35 respectively]. Pathway analysis confirmed the presence of an inflammatory signature in erythrocytes of DBA patients and predicted key upstream regulators including mitogen activated kinase 1, interferon-γ, tumor suppressor p53, and tumor necrosis factor. These results show that erythrocytes in DBA patients are intrinsically different from those in healthy controls which may be due to an inflammatory response resulting from the inherent molecular defect of ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency or changes in the bone marrow microenvironment that leads to red cell aplasia in DBA patients.
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26
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Briggs TA, Harris J, Innes J, Will A, Arkwright PD, Clayton-Smith J. The value of microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) testing in the paediatric clinic. Arch Dis Child 2015; 100:728-31. [PMID: 25809346 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T A Briggs
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Harris
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Innes
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Will
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - P D Arkwright
- Department of Paediatric Allergy & Immunology, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Charles LTR, Mehdi AMS, Baker D, Edwards MR. Bilateral heel pain in a patient with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia. Foot (Edinb) 2015; 25:110-3. [PMID: 26004126 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A rare case of bilateral calcaneal stress fractures in a patient with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia is described. This has not been previously reported in the literature. A calcaneal stress fracture is an important differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with heel pain. Bilaterality of symptoms should not exclude this diagnosis and clinicians should be especially vigilant with predisposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren T R Charles
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, South London Healthcare NHS Trust, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent BR6 8ND, United Kingdom.
| | - Adil M S Mehdi
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, South London Healthcare NHS Trust, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent BR6 8ND, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Baker
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, South London Healthcare NHS Trust, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent BR6 8ND, United Kingdom
| | - Max R Edwards
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, South London Healthcare NHS Trust, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent BR6 8ND, United Kingdom
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28
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Abstract
Peripheral blood cytopenia in children can be due to a variety of acquired or inherited diseases. Genetic disorders affecting a single hematopoietic lineage are frequently characterized by typical bone marrow findings, such as lack of progenitors or maturation arrest in congenital neutropenia or a lack of megakaryocytes in congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, whereas antibody-mediated diseases such as autoimmune neutropenia are associated with a rather unremarkable bone marrow morphology. By contrast, pancytopenia is frequently associated with a hypocellular bone marrow, and the differential diagnosis includes acquired aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes such as Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita, and a variety of immunological disorders including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Thorough bone marrow analysis is of special importance for the diagnostic work-up of most patients. Cellularity, cellular composition, and dysplastic signs are the cornerstones of the differential diagnosis. Pancytopenia in the presence of a normo- or hypercellular marrow with dysplastic changes may indicate myelodysplastic syndrome. More challenging for the hematologist is the evaluation of the hypocellular bone marrow. Although aplastic anemia and hypocellular refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) can reliably be differentiated on a morphological level, the overlapping pathophysiology remains a significant challenge for the choice of the therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes are usually associated with the morphological picture of RCC, and the recognition of these entities is essential as they often present a multisystem disease requiring different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This paper gives an overview over the different disease entities presenting with (pan)cytopenia, their pathophysiology, characteristic bone marrow findings, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Erlacher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany ; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Brigitte Strahm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
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29
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Nerurkar P, Altvater M, Gerhardy S, Schütz S, Fischer U, Weirich C, Panse VG. Eukaryotic Ribosome Assembly and Nuclear Export. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology 2015; 319:107-40. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Mirabello L, Macari ER, Jessop L, Ellis SR, Myers T, Giri N, Taylor AM, McGrath KE, Humphries JM, Ballew BJ, Yeager M, Boland JF, He J, Hicks BD, Burdett L, Alter BP, Zon L, Savage SA. Whole-exome sequencing and functional studies identify RPS29 as a novel gene mutated in multicase Diamond-Blackfan anemia families. Blood 2014; 124:24-32. [PMID: 24829207 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-540278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a cancer-prone inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Approximately half of DBA patients have a germ-line mutation in a ribosomal protein gene. We used whole-exome sequencing to identify disease-causing genes in 2 large DBA families. After filtering, 1 nonsynonymous mutation (p.I31F) in the ribosomal protein S29 (RPS29[AUQ1]) gene was present in all 5 DBA-affected individuals and the obligate carrier, and absent from the unaffected noncarrier parent in 1 DBA family. A second DBA family was found to have a different nonsynonymous mutation (p.I50T) in RPS29. Both mutations are amino acid substitutions in exon 2 predicted to be deleterious and resulted in haploinsufficiency of RPS29 expression compared with wild-type RPS29 expression from an unaffected control. The DBA proband with the p.I31F RPS29 mutation had a pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing defect compared with the healthy control. We demonstrated that both RPS29 mutations failed to rescue the defective erythropoiesis in the rps29(-/-) mutant zebra fish DBA model. RPS29 is a component of the small 40S ribosomal subunit and essential for rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. We uncovered a novel DBA causative gene, RPS29, and showed that germ-line mutations in RPS29 can cause a defective erythropoiesis phenotype using a zebra fish model.
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31
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Pesciotta EN, Sriswasdi S, Tang HY, Speicher DW, Mason PJ, Bessler M. Dysferlin and other non-red cell proteins accumulate in the red cell membrane of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85504. [PMID: 24454878 PMCID: PMC3891812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital anemia usually caused by diverse mutations in ribosomal proteins. Although the genetics of DBA are well characterized, the mechanisms that lead to macrocytic anemia remain unclear. We systematically analyzed the proteomes of red blood cell membranes from multiple DBA patients to determine whether abnormalities in protein translation or erythropoiesis contribute to the observed macrocytosis or alterations in the mature red blood cell membrane. In depth proteome analysis of red cell membranes enabled highly reproducible identification and quantitative comparisons of 1100 or more proteins. These comparisons revealed clear differences between red cell membrane proteomes in DBA patients and healthy controls that were consistent across DBA patients with different ribosomal gene mutations. Proteins exhibiting changes in abundance included those known to be increased in DBA such as fetal hemoglobin and a number of proteins not normally found in mature red cell membranes, including proteins involved in the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway. Most striking was the presence of dysferlin in the red blood cell membranes of DBA patients but absent in healthy controls. Immunoblot validation using red cell membranes isolated from additional DBA patients and healthy controls confirmed a distinct membrane protein signature specific to patients with DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther N. Pesciotta
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sira Sriswasdi
- The Center for Systems and Computational Biology and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- The Center for Systems and Computational Biology and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David W. Speicher
- The Center for Systems and Computational Biology and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Monica Bessler
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Yadav GV, Chakraborty A, Uechi T, Kenmochi N. Ribosomal protein deficiency causes Tp53-independent erythropoiesis failure in zebrafish. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:1-7. [PMID: 24417973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia is an inherited genetic disease caused by mutations in ribosomal protein genes. The disease is characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and a severe erythroid defect. The activation of the TP53 pathway has been suggested to be critical for the pathophysiology of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. While this pathway plays a role in the morphological defects that associate with ribosomal protein loss-of-function in animal models, its role in the erythroid defects has not been clearly established. To understand the specificity of erythroid defects in Diamond-Blackfan anemia, we knocked down five RP genes (two Diamond-Blackfan anemia-associated and three non-Diamond-Blackfan anemia-associated) in zebrafish and analyzed the effects on the developmental and erythroid phenotypes in the presence and absence of Tp53. The co-inhibition of Tp53 activity rescued the morphological deformities but did not alleviate the erythroid aplasia indicating that ribosomal protein deficiency causes erythroid failure in a Tp53-independent manner. Interestingly, treatment with L-Leucine or L-Arginine, amino acids that augment mRNA translation via mTOR pathway, rescued the morphological defects and resulted in a substantial recovery of erythroid cells. Our results suggest that altered translation because of impaired ribosome function could be responsible for the morphological and erythroid defects in ribosomal protein-deficient zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnaneshwar V Yadav
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamayo Uechi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
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33
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Abstract
A systems approach to blood diseases can help make essential contributions to our ability to diagnose, treat, and perhaps even prevent common diseases in humans. Using blood as a window, one can study health and disease through this unique tool box with reactive biological fluids that mirrors the prevailing hemodynamics of the vessel walls and the various blood cell types. Many blood diseases, rare and common, can and have been exploited using systems biology approaches with successful results and therefore ideal models for systems medicine. More importantly, hematopoiesis offers one of the best studied systems with insight into stem cell biology, cellular interaction, development; linage programming and reprogramming that are influenced every day by the most mature and understood regulatory networks.
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34
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Abstract
Ribosomes are highly conserved ribonucleoprotein nanomachines that translate information in the genome to create the proteome in all cells. In yeast these complex particles contain four RNAs (>5400 nucleotides) and 79 different proteins. During the past 25 years, studies in yeast have led the way to understanding how these molecules are assembled into ribosomes in vivo. Assembly begins with transcription of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus, where the RNA then undergoes complex pathways of folding, coupled with nucleotide modification, removal of spacer sequences, and binding to ribosomal proteins. More than 200 assembly factors and 76 small nucleolar RNAs transiently associate with assembling ribosomes, to enable their accurate and efficient construction. Following export of preribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, they undergo final stages of maturation before entering the pool of functioning ribosomes. Elaborate mechanisms exist to monitor the formation of correct structural and functional neighborhoods within ribosomes and to destroy preribosomes that fail to assemble properly. Studies of yeast ribosome biogenesis provide useful models for ribosomopathies, diseases in humans that result from failure to properly assemble ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Woolford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Susan J. Baserga
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Genetics and Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8024
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35
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Abstract
While the majority of leukemia cases occur in the absence of any known predisposing factor, there are germline mutations that significantly increase the risk of developing hematopoietic malignancies in childhood. In this review article, we describe a number of these mutations and their clinical features. These predispositions can be broadly classified as those leading to bone marrow failure, those involving tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair defects, immunodeficiencies or other congenital syndromes associated with transient myeloid disorders. While leukemia can develop as a secondary event in the aforementioned syndromes, there are also several syndromes that specifically lead to the development of leukemia as their primary phenotype. Many of the genes discussed in this review can also be somatically mutated in other cancers, highlighting the importance of understanding shared alterations and mechanisms underpinning syndromic and sporadic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, USA
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36
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Garçon L, Ge J, Manjunath SH, Mills JA, Apicella M, Parikh S, Sullivan LM, Podsakoff GM, Gadue P, French DL, Mason PJ, Bessler M, Weiss MJ. Ribosomal and hematopoietic defects in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from Diamond Blackfan anemia patients. Blood 2013; 122:912-21. [PMID: 23744582 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-478321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital disorder with erythroid (Ery) hypoplasia and tissue morphogenic abnormalities. Most DBA cases are caused by heterozygous null mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins. Understanding how haploinsufficiency of these ubiquitous proteins causes DBA is hampered by limited availability of tissues from affected patients. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of DBA patients carrying mutations in RPS19 and RPL5. Compared with controls, DBA fibroblasts formed iPSCs inefficiently, although we obtained 1 stable clone from each fibroblast line. RPS19-mutated iPSCs exhibited defects in 40S (small) ribosomal subunit assembly and production of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Upon induced differentiation, the mutant clone exhibited globally impaired hematopoiesis, with the Ery lineage affected most profoundly. RPL5-mutated iPSCs exhibited defective 60S (large) ribosomal subunit assembly, accumulation of 12S pre-rRNA, and impaired erythropoiesis. In both mutant iPSC lines, genetic correction of ribosomal protein deficiency via complementary DNA transfer into the "safe harbor" AAVS1 locus alleviated abnormalities in ribosome biogenesis and hematopoiesis. Our studies show that pathological features of DBA are recapitulated by iPSCs, provide a renewable source of cells to model various tissue defects, and demonstrate proof of principle for genetic correction strategies in patient stem cells.
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37
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Abstract
Since their introduction as pets several decades ago, ferrets have become an increasingly popular household pet. Great strides have been made in improving their diet and understanding common diseases (eg, insulinoma, hyperadrenocorticism, lymphoma) that affect them. With the frequency with which these conditions are seen, it sometimes is easy to forget that ferrets can be affected by other diseases. Some of these diseases, such as cryptococcosis, are known, but may be increasing in incidence and range, whereas others, such as hypothyroidism and pure red cell aplasia, may be underrecognized or underreported. This review highlights new and emerging diseases not already well reviewed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Wyre
- Section of Exotic Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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38
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Hannan KM, Sanij E, Rothblum LI, Hannan RD, Pearson RB. Dysregulation of RNA polymerase I transcription during disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1829:342-60. [PMID: 23153826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the ribosomal RNA genes by the dedicated RNA polymerase I enzyme and subsequent processing of the ribosomal RNA are fundamental control steps in the synthesis of functional ribosomes. Dysregulation of Pol I transcription and ribosome biogenesis is linked to the etiology of a broad range of human diseases. Diseases caused by loss of function mutations in the molecular constituents of the ribosome, or factors intimately associated with RNA polymerase I transcription and processing are collectively termed ribosomopathies. Ribosomopathies are generally rare and treatment options are extremely limited tending to be more palliative than curative. Other more common diseases are associated with profound changes in cellular growth such as cardiac hypertrophy, atrophy or cancer. In contrast to ribosomopathies, altered RNA polymerase I transcriptional activity in these diseases largely results from dysregulated upstream oncogenic pathways or by direct modulation by oncogenes or tumor suppressors at the level of the RNA polymerase I transcription apparatus itself. Ribosomopathies associated with mutations in ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA processing or assembly factors have been covered by recent excellent reviews. In contrast, here we review our current knowledge of human diseases specifically associated with dysregulation of RNA polymerase I transcription and its associated regulatory apparatus, including some cases where this dysregulation is directly causative in disease. We will also provide insight into and discussion of possible therapeutic approaches to treat patients with dysregulated RNA polymerase I transcription. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Transcription by Odd Pols.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hannan
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
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39
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40
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Abstract
Aberrations in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway are associated with hematologic malignancies. p53-dependent cell cycle control, senescence, and apoptosis functions are actively involved in maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis under normal and stress conditions. Whereas loss of p53 function promotes leukemia and lymphoma development in humans and mice, increased p53 activity inhibits hematopoietic stem cell function and results in myelodysplasia. Thus, exquisite regulation of p53 activity is critical for homeostasis. Most of our understanding of p53 function in hematopoiesis is derived from genetically engineered mice. Here we summarize some of these models, the various mechanisms that disrupt the regulation of p53 activity, and their relevance to human disease.
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41
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Rao S, Lee SY, Gutierrez A, Perrigoue J, Thapa RJ, Tu Z, Jeffers JR, Rhodes M, Anderson S, Oravecz T, Hunger SP, Timakhov RA, Zhang R, Balachandran S, Zambetti GP, Testa JR, Look AT, Wiest DL. Inactivation of ribosomal protein L22 promotes transformation by induction of the stemness factor, Lin28B. Blood 2012; 120:3764-73. [PMID: 22976955 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-415349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein (RP) mutations in diseases such as 5q- syndrome both disrupt hematopoiesis and increase the risk of developing hematologic malignancy. However, the mechanism by which RP mutations increase cancer risk has remained an important unanswered question. We show here that monoallelic, germline inactivation of the ribosomal protein L22 (Rpl22) predisposes T-lineage progenitors to transformation. Indeed, RPL22 was found to be inactivated in ∼ 10% of human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Moreover, monoallelic loss of Rpl22 accelerates development of thymic lymphoma in both a mouse model of T-cell malignancy and in acute transformation assays in vitro. We show that Rpl22 inactivation enhances transformation potential through induction of the stemness factor, Lin28B. Our finding that Rpl22 inactivation promotes transformation by inducing expression of Lin28B provides the first insight into the mechanistic basis by which mutations in Rpl22, and perhaps some other RP genes, increases cancer risk.
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