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Kong P, Wang X, Gao YK, Zhang DD, Huang XF, Song Y, Zhang WD, Guo RJ, Li H, Han M. RGS5 maintaining vascular homeostasis is altered by the tumor microenvironment. Biol Direct 2023; 18:78. [PMID: 37986113 PMCID: PMC10662775 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5), as a negative regulator of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, is highly expressed in arterial VSMCs and pericytes, which is involved in VSMC phenotypic heterogeneity and vascular remodeling in tumors. However, its role in normal and tumor vascular remodeling is controversial. METHODS RGS5 knockout (Rgs5-KO) mice and RGS5 overexpression or knockdown in VSMCs in vivo by adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV) carrying RGS5 cDNA or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting RGS5 were used to determine the functional significance of RGS5 in vascular inflammation. RGS5 expression in the triple-negative (TNBCs) and non-triple-negative breast cancers (Non-TNBCs) was determined by immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining. The effect of breast cancer cell-conditioned media (BC-CM) on the pro-inflammatory phenotype of VSMCs was measured by phagocytic activity assays, adhesion assay and Western blot. RESULTS We identified that knockout and VSMC-specific knockdown of RGS5 exacerbated accumulation and pyroptosis of pro-inflammatory VSMCs, resulting in vascular remodeling, which was negated by VSMC-specific RGS5 overexpression. In contrast, in the context of breast cancer tissues, the role of RGS5 was completely disrupted. RGS5 expression was increased in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues and in the tumor blood vessels, accompanied with an extensive vascular network. VSMCs treated with BC-CM displayed enhanced pro-inflammatory phenotype and higher adherent with macrophages. Furthermore, tumor-derived RGS5 could be transferred into VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that tumor microenvironment shifts the function of RGS5 from anti-inflammation to pro-inflammation and induces the pro-inflammatory phenotype of VSMCs that is favorable for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Kun Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Di Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui-Juan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Biomechanical Science and Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Hsu LC, Hsu LS, Lee TH. RGS5 rs4657251 polymorphism is associated with small vessel occlusion stroke in Taiwan Han Chinese. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:251-254. [PMID: 32080025 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulator of G-protein signaling protein 5 (RGS5) has been demonstrated to play a role in regulating blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Studies have shown that RGS5 polymorphisms exhibit susceptibility to hypertension. However, no study has yet been performed among stroke patients. METHODS To evaluate whether RGS5 rs4657251 is a susceptibility gene for stroke, we performed a case-control association study involving 714 large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) patients, 383 small vessel occlusion (SVO) patients, 401 hypertensive intracranial hemorrhages (HICH), and 626 controls. The RGS5 rs4657251 polymorphism was analyzed through polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The TC genotype was significantly higher in the SVO group compared with that in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.76, p = 0.035). In addition, the dominant phenotype (TC + CC vs TT) was also significantly different between the SVO and the control groups (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.01-1.70, p = 0.046). However, no association was found between RGS5 rs4657251 and LAA an HICH. After adjustment with gender, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, RGS5 rs4657251 polymorphism remained an independent risk factor for SVO (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.12-1.98) but not for LAA or HICH. CONCLUSION Our findings, obtained among Taiwan Han Chinese subjects, provide the first evidence that RGS5 rs4657251 polymorphism is an independent risk factor for SVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chi Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Yang-Ming University school of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institutes of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu S, Jiang X, Lu H, Xing M, Qiao Y, Zhang C, Zhang W. HuR (Human Antigen R) Regulates the Contraction of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Maintains Blood Pressure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:943-957. [PMID: 32075416 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HuR (human antigen R)-an RNA-binding protein-is involved in regulating mRNA stability by binding adenylate-uridylate-rich elements. This study explores the role of HuR in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction and blood pressure. Approach and Results: Vascular HuRSMKO (smooth muscle-specific HuR knockout) mice were generated by crossbreeding HuRflox/flox mice with α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin)-Cre mice. As compared with CTR (control) mice, HuRSMKO mice showed hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. HuR levels were decreased in aortas from hypertensive patients and SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats), and overexpression of HuR could lower the blood pressure of SHRs. Contractile response to vasoconstrictors was increased in mesenteric artery segments isolated from HuRSMKO mice. The functional abnormalities in HuRSMKO mice were attributed to decreased mRNA and protein levels of RGS (regulator of G-protein signaling) protein(s) RGS2, RGS4, and RGS5, which resulted in increased intracellular calcium increase. Consistently, the degree of intracellular calcium ion increase in HuR-deficient smooth muscle cells was reduced by overexpression of RGS2, RGS4, or RGS5. Finally, administration of RGS2 and RGS5 reversed the elevated blood pressure in HuRSMKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HuR regulates vascular smooth muscle contraction and maintains blood pressure by modulating RGS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L., H.L., C.Z., W.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuxin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (X.J.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Lu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L., H.L., C.Z., W.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdan Xing
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Key Laboratory of MOE for Modern Teaching Technology, Center for Teacher Professional Ability Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China (M.X., Y.Q.)
| | - Yanning Qiao
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Key Laboratory of MOE for Modern Teaching Technology, Center for Teacher Professional Ability Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China (M.X., Y.Q.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L., H.L., C.Z., W.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine (S.L., H.L., C.Z., W.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhang X, Tang N, Xi D, Feng Q, Liu Y, Wang L, Tang Y, Zhong H, He F. Human cytomegalovirus promoting endothelial cell proliferation by targeting regulator of G-protein signaling 5 hypermethylation and downregulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2252. [PMID: 32041970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and environmental factors can increase susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH). Although endothelial dysfunction is the initial factor of EH, the epigenetic mechanisms through which HCMV infection induces endothelial cell dysfunction are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated whether HCMV regulated endothelial cell function and assessed the underlying mechanisms. Microarray analysis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with HCMV AD169 strain in the presence of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia revealed differential expression of genes involved in hypertension. Further analyses validated that the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) gene was downregulated in infected HUVECs and showed that HCMV infection promoted HUVEC proliferation, whereas hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia inhibited HUVEC proliferation. Additionally, treatment with decitabine (DAC) and RGS5 reversed the effects of HCMV infection on HUVEC proliferation, but not triggered by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In summary, upregulation of RGS5 may be a promising treatment for preventing HCMV-induced hypertension.
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Beladiya JV, Chaudagar K, Mehta AA. Gαq-RGS2 loop activator modulates the activity of vario us agonists on isolated heart and aorta of normal rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Fedoseeva LA, Klimov LO, Ershov NI, Efimov VM, Markel AL, Orlov YL, Redina OE. The differences in brain stem transcriptional profiling in hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:297. [PMID: 32039698 PMCID: PMC7226933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of essential hypertension is associated with a wide range of mechanisms. The brain stem neurons are essential for the homeostatic regulation of arterial pressure as they control baroreflex and sympathetic nerve activity. The ISIAH (Inherited Stress Induced Arterial Hypertension) rats reproduce the human stress-sensitive hypertensive disease with predominant activation of the neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic adrenal axes. RNA-Seq analysis of the brain stems from the hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive control WAG (Wistar Albino Glaxo) rats was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the main central mechanisms (biological processes and metabolic pathways) contributing to the hypertensive state in the ISIAH rats. RESULTS The study revealed 224 DEGs. Their annotation in databases showed that 22 of them were associated with hypertension and blood pressure (BP) regulation, and 61 DEGs were associated with central nervous system diseases. In accordance with the functional annotation of DEGs, the key role of hormonal metabolic processes and, in particular, the enhanced biosynthesis of aldosterone in the brain stem of ISIAH rats was proposed. Multiple DEGs associated with several Gene Ontology (GO) terms essentially related to modulation of BP were identified. Abundant groups of DEGs were related to GO terms associated with responses to different stimuli including response to organic (hormonal) substance, to external stimulus, and to stress. Several DEGs making the most contribution to the inter-strain differences were detected including the Ephx2, which was earlier defined as a major candidate gene in the studies of transcriptional profiles in different tissues/organs (hypothalamus, adrenal gland and kidney) of ISIAH rats. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study showed that inter-strain differences in ISIAH and WAG brain stem functioning might be a result of the imbalance in processes leading to the pathology development and those, exerting the compensatory effects. The data obtained in this study are useful for a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the complexity of the brain stem processes in ISIAH rats, which are a model of stress-sensitive form of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa A. Fedoseeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630090
| | - Leonid O. Klimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita I. Ershov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630090
| | - Vadim M. Efimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Arcady L. Markel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E. Redina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Squires KE, Montañez-Miranda C, Pandya RR, Torres MP, Hepler JR. Genetic Analysis of Rare Human Variants of Regulators of G Protein Signaling Proteins and Their Role in Human Physiology and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:446-474. [PMID: 29871944 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate the physiologic actions of many neurotransmitters, hormones, and other signaling molecules. Human RGS proteins comprise a family of 20 canonical proteins that bind directly to G protein-coupled receptors/G protein complexes to limit the lifetime of their signaling events, which regulate all aspects of cell and organ physiology. Genetic variations account for diverse human traits and individual predispositions to disease. RGS proteins contribute to many complex polygenic human traits and pathologies such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, addiction, cancers, and many others. Recent analysis indicates that most human diseases are due to extremely rare genetic variants. In this study, we summarize physiologic roles for RGS proteins and links to human diseases/traits and report rare variants found within each human RGS protein exome sequence derived from global population studies. Each RGS sequence is analyzed using recently described bioinformatics and proteomic tools for measures of missense tolerance ratio paired with combined annotation-dependent depletion scores, and protein post-translational modification (PTM) alignment cluster analysis. We highlight selected variants within the well-studied RGS domain that likely disrupt RGS protein functions and provide comprehensive variant and PTM data for each RGS protein for future study. We propose that rare variants in functionally sensitive regions of RGS proteins confer profound change-of-function phenotypes that may contribute, in newly appreciated ways, to complex human diseases and/or traits. This information provides investigators with a valuable database to explore variation in RGS protein function, and for targeting RGS proteins as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Squires
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Carolina Montañez-Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Rushika R Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Matthew P Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - John R Hepler
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
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Beladiya JV, Chaudagar KK, Mehta AA. A protective role of Gαq-RGS2 loop activator on streptozotocin induced diabetic complications in rats: An independent on elevated serum glucose level modulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hong K, Li M, Nourian Z, Meininger GA, Hill MA. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Mechanoactivation Involves RGS5 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 5) in Skeletal Muscle Arteries: Impaired Trafficking of RGS5 in Hypertension. Hypertension 2017; 70:1264-1272. [PMID: 29061726 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that arteriolar pressure-induced vasoconstriction can be initiated by GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors), including the AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor). This raises the question, are such mechanisms regulated by negative feedback? The present studies examined whether RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells are colocalized with the AT1R when activated by mechanical stress or angiotensin II and whether this modulates AT1R-mediated vasoconstriction. To determine whether activation of the AT1R recruits RGS5, an in situ proximity ligation assay was performed in primary cultures of cremaster muscle arteriolar vascular smooth muscle cells treated with angiotensin II or hypotonic solution in the absence or presence of candesartan (an AT1R blocker). Proximity ligation assay results revealed a concentration-dependent increase in trafficking/translocation of RGS5 toward the activated AT1R, which was attenuated by candesartan. In intact arterioles, knockdown of RGS5 enhanced constriction to angiotensin II and augmented myogenic responses to increased intraluminal pressure. Myogenic constriction was attenuated to a higher degree by candesartan in RGS5 siRNA-transfected arterioles, consistent with RGS5 contributing to downregulation of AT1R-mediated signaling. Further, translocation of RGS5 was impaired in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats. This is consistent with dysregulated (RGS5-mediated) AT1R signaling that could contribute to excessive vasoconstriction in hypertension. In intact vessels, candesartan reduced myogenic vasoconstriction to a greater extent in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with controls. Collectively, these findings suggest that AT1R activation results in translocation of RGS5 toward the plasma membrane, limiting AT1R-mediated vasoconstriction through its role in Gq/11 protein-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangseok Hong
- From the Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (K.H., M.L., G.A.M., M.A.H.) and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (K.H., Z.N., G.A.M., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.H.)
| | - Min Li
- From the Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (K.H., M.L., G.A.M., M.A.H.) and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (K.H., Z.N., G.A.M., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.H.)
| | - Zahra Nourian
- From the Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (K.H., M.L., G.A.M., M.A.H.) and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (K.H., Z.N., G.A.M., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.H.)
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- From the Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (K.H., M.L., G.A.M., M.A.H.) and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (K.H., Z.N., G.A.M., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.H.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- From the Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (K.H., M.L., G.A.M., M.A.H.) and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (K.H., Z.N., G.A.M., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.H.).
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Huhtinen A, Hongisto V, Laiho A, Löyttyniemi E, Pijnenburg D, Scheinin M. Gene expression profiles and signaling mechanisms in α 2B-adrenoceptor-evoked proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. BMC Syst Biol 2017; 11:65. [PMID: 28659168 PMCID: PMC5490158 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α2-adrenoceptors are important regulators of vascular tone and blood pressure. Regulation of cell proliferation is a less well investigated consequence of α2-adrenoceptor activation. We have previously shown that α2B-adrenoceptor activation stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This may be important for blood vessel development and plasticity and for the pathology and therapeutics of cardiovascular disorders. The underlying cellular mechanisms have remained mostly unknown. This study explored pathways of regulation of gene expression and intracellular signaling related to α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked VSMC proliferation. RESULTS The cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways of α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked proliferation of VSMCs are complex and include redundancy. Functional enrichment analysis and pathway analysis identified differentially expressed genes associated with α2B-adrenoceptor-regulated VSMC proliferation. They included the upregulated genes Egr1, F3, Ptgs2 and Serpine1 and the downregulated genes Cx3cl1, Cav1, Rhoa, Nppb and Prrx1. The most highly upregulated gene, Lypd8, represents a novel finding in the VSMC context. Inhibitor library screening and kinase activity profiling were applied to identify kinases in the involved signaling pathways. Putative upstream kinases identified by two different screens included PKC, Raf-1, Src, the MAP kinases p38 and JNK and the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and HGF/HGFR. As a novel finding, the Src family kinase Lyn was also identified as a putative upstream kinase. CONCLUSIONS α2B-adrenoceptors may mediate their pro-proliferative effects in VSMCs by promoting the activity of bFGF and PDGF and the growth factor receptors EGFR, HGFR and VEGFR-1/2. The Src family kinase Lyn was also identified as a putative upstream kinase. Lyn is known to be expressed in VSMCs and has been identified as an important regulator of GPCR trafficking and GPCR effects on cell proliferation. Identified Ser/Thr kinases included several PKC isoforms and the β-adrenoceptor kinases 1 and 2. Cross-talk between the signaling mechanisms involved in α2B-adrenoceptor-evoked VSMC proliferation thus appears to involve PKC activation, subsequent changes in gene expression, transactivation of EGFR, and modulation of kinase activities and growth factor-mediated signaling. While many of the identified individual signals were relatively small in terms of effect size, many of them were validated by combining pathway analysis and our integrated screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Huhtinen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Hongisto
- Toxicology Division, Misvik Biology Oy, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dirk Pijnenburg
- PamGene International BV, Wolvenhoek 10, 5211HH s’Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Scheinin
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Ribas J, Zhang YS, Pitrez PR, Leijten J, Miscuglio M, Rouwkema J, Dokmeci MR, Nissan X, Ferreira L, Khademhosseini A. Biomechanical Strain Exacerbates Inflammation on a Progeria-on-a-Chip Model. Small 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201603737. [PMID: 28211642 PMCID: PMC5545787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip platforms seek to recapitulate the complex microenvironment of human organs using miniaturized microfluidic devices. Besides modeling healthy organs, these devices have been used to model diseases, yielding new insights into pathophysiology. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disease showing accelerated vascular aging, leading to the death of patients due to cardiovascular diseases. HGPS targets primarily vascular cells, which reside in mechanically active tissues. Here, a progeria-on-a-chip model is developed and the effects of biomechanical strain are examined in the context of vascular aging and disease. Physiological strain induces a contractile phenotype in primary smooth muscle cells (SMCs), while a pathological strain induces a hypertensive phenotype similar to that of angiotensin II treatment. Interestingly, SMCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells of HGPS donors (HGPS iPS-SMCs), but not from healthy donors, show an exacerbated inflammatory response to strain. In particular, increased levels of inflammation markers as well as DNA damage are observed. Pharmacological intervention reverses the strain-induced damage by shifting gene expression profile away from inflammation. The progeria-on-a-chip is a relevant platform to study biomechanics in vascular biology, particularly in the setting of vascular disease and aging, while simultaneously facilitating the discovery of new drugs and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrícia R. Pitrez
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Miscuglio
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xavier Nissan
- INSERM U861, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Evry Cedex 91030, France
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12
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Palao T, Swärd K, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, de Vos J, van Weert A, Arribas SM, Groma G, vanBavel E, Bakker ENTP. Gene Expression and MicroRNA Expression Analysis in Small Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Evidence for ER Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137027. [PMID: 26356734 PMCID: PMC4565692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Small arteries are known to develop functional and structural alterations in hypertension. However, the mechanisms of this remodeling are not fully understood. We hypothesized that altered gene expression is associated with the development of hypertension in mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Three sublines of SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were studied at 6 weeks and 5 months of age. MiRNA and mRNA microarray experiments were performed and analyzed with bioinformatical tools, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Principal component analysis showed a clear separation in both miRNA and mRNA expression levels between both ages studied, demonstrating strong age-related changes in expression. At the miRNA level, IPA identified differences between SHR and WKY related to metabolic diseases, cellular growth, and proliferation. The mRNAs differentially expressed between SHR and WKY were related to metabolism, cellular movement and proliferation. The most strongly upregulated gene (9.2-fold) was thrombospondin 4 (Thbs4), a protein involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response that activates transcription factor 6α (ATF6α). ATF6α downstream targets were also differentially expressed in SHR vs. WKY. Differential expression of THBS4, the cleaved form of ATF6α, and two of its targets were further confirmed at the protein level by western blot. In summary, these data revealed a number of genes (n = 202) and miRNAs (n = 3) in mesenteric arteries of SHR that had not been related to hypertension previously. The most prominent of these, Thbs4, is related to vascular ER stress that is associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Palao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perry D. Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela van Weert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gergely Groma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed vanBavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik N. T. P. Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins of the B/R4 family are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system where their role in fine-tuning G protein signaling is critical to maintaining homeostasis. Among members of this family, RGS2 and RGS5 have been shown to play key roles in cardiac and smooth muscle function by tightly regulating signaling pathways that are activated through Gq/11 and Gi/o classes of heterotrimeric G proteins. This chapter reviews accumulating evidence supporting a key role for RGS2 in vascular function and the implication of changes in RGS2 function and/or expression in the pathogenesis of blood pressure disorders, particularly hypertension. With such understanding, RGS2 and the signaling pathways it controls may emerge as novel targets for developing next-generation antihypertensive drugs/agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Manivannan J, Silambarasan T, Kadarkarairaj R, Raja B. Systems pharmacology and molecular docking strategies prioritize natural molecules as cardioprotective agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional prioritization of cardioprotective natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thangarasu Silambarasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- India
| | | | - Boobalan Raja
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Annamalai University
- India
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15
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Guan TH, Chen G, Gao B, Janssen MR, Uttarwar L, Ingram AJ, Krepinsky JC. Caveolin-1 deficiency protects against mesangial matrix expansion in a mouse model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2068-77. [PMID: 23793581 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glomerular matrix protein accumulation, mediated largely by resident mesangial cells (MCs), is central to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We previously showed that caveolin (CAV)-1/caveolae mediate matrix upregulation by MCs in response to high glucose and TGFβ, two important pathogenic mediators of diabetic glomerular sclerosis. Here, we evaluated the in vivo role of CAV-1/caveolae in the development of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Diabetes was induced in Cav1-knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts by streptozotocin injection. After 10 months, kidneys were evaluated for the development of nephropathy, including glomerular sclerosis and upregulation of matrix proteins. Parallel experiments assessing glucose-induced matrix upregulation were carried out in MCs isolated from KO mice. RESULTS KO diabetic mice developed hyperglycaemia and renal hypertrophy, but were protected from developing albuminuria and glomerular sclerosis compared with WT mice. KO mice were significantly protected from the upregulation of glomerular collagen I, fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and TGFβ. In vitro, glucose induced collagen I A1 promoter activation and collagen I, fibronectin and CTGF protein upregulation in WT but not KO MCs. Re-expression of Cav1 in KO cells restored this response. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Cav1 deletion rendered significant protection from glomerular matrix accumulation and albuminuria in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. These studies provide a foundation for the development of renal-targeted interference with CAV-1/caveolae as a novel approach to the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Guan
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, St Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 4A6
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17
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Holobotovskyy V, Manzur M, Tare M, Burchell J, Bolitho E, Viola H, Hool LC, Arnolda LF, McKitrick DJ, Ganss R. Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 controls blood pressure homeostasis and vessel wall remodeling. Circ Res 2013; 112:781-91. [PMID: 23303165 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) modulates G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and is prominently expressed in arterial smooth muscle cells. Our group first reported that RGS5 is important in vascular remodeling during tumor angiogenesis. We hypothesized that RGS5 may play an important role in vessel wall remodeling and blood pressure regulation. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that RGS5 has a unique and nonredundant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and to identify crucial RGS5-regulated signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS We observed that arterial RGS5 expression is downregulated with chronically elevated blood pressure after angiotensin II infusion. Using a knockout mouse model, radiotelemetry, and pharmacological inhibition, we subsequently showed that loss of RGS5 results in profound hypertension. RGS5 signaling is linked to the renin-angiotensin system and directly controls vascular resistance, vessel contractility, and remodeling. RGS5 deficiency aggravates pathophysiological features of hypertension, such as medial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Moreover, we demonstrate that protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Rho kinase signaling pathways are major effectors of RGS5-mediated hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Loss of RGS5 results in hypertension. Loss of RGS5 signaling also correlates with hyper-responsiveness to vasoconstrictors and vascular stiffening. This establishes a significant, distinct, and causal role of RGS5 in vascular homeostasis. RGS5 modulates signaling through the angiotensin II receptor 1 and major Gαq-coupled downstream pathways, including Rho kinase. So far, activation of RhoA/Rho kinase has not been associated with RGS molecules. Thus, RGS5 is a crucial regulator of blood pressure homeostasis with significant clinical implications for vascular pathologies, such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Holobotovskyy
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Rear, 50 Murray St, Perth, WA 6010, Australia
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19
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Zarzuelo MJ, Jiménez R, Galindo P, Sánchez M, Nieto A, Romero M, Quintela AM, López-Sepúlveda R, Gómez-Guzmán M, Bailón E, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Zarzuelo A, Gálvez J, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Duarte J. Antihypertensive effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2011; 58:733-43. [PMID: 21825230 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.174490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ) has been shown to improve insulin resistance and plasma high-density lipoprotein levels, but nothing is known about its effects in genetic hypertension. We studied whether the PPARβ agonist GW0742 might exert antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The rats were divided into 4 groups, Wistar Kyoto rat-control, Wistar Kyoto rat-treated (GW0742, 5 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1) by oral gavage), SHR-control, and SHR-treated, and followed for 5 weeks. GW0742 induced a progressive reduction in systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate in SHRs and reduced the mesenteric arterial remodeling, the increased aortic vasoconstriction to angiotensin II, and the endothelial dysfunction characteristic of SHRs. These effects were accompanied by a significant increase in endothelial NO synthase activity attributed to upregulated endothelial NO synthase and downregulated caveolin 1 protein expression. Moreover, GW0742 inhibited vascular superoxide production, downregulated p22(phox) and p47(phox) proteins, decreased both basal and angiotensin II-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity, inhibited extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, and reduced the expression of the proinflammatory and proatherogenic genes, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, or intercellular adhesion molecule 1. None of these effects were observed in Wistar Kyoto rats. PPARβ activation, both in vitro and in vivo, increased the expression of the regulators of G protein-coupled signaling proteins RGS4 and RGS5, which negatively modulated the vascular actions of angiotensin II. PPARβ activation exerted antihypertensive effects, restored the vascular structure and function, and reduced the oxidative, proinflammatory, and proatherogenic status of SHRs. We propose PPARβ as a new therapeutic target in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Zarzuelo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Gunaje JJ, Bahrami AJ, Schwartz SM, Daum G, Mahoney WM. PDGF-dependent regulation of regulator of G protein signaling-5 expression and vascular smooth muscle cell functionality. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C478-89. [PMID: 21593453 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00348.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, and notably members of the RGS-R4 subfamily, control vasocontractility by accelerating the inactivation of Gα-dependent signaling. RGS5 is the most highly and differently expressed RGS-R4 subfamily member in arterial smooth muscle. Expression of RGS5 first appears in pericytes during development of the afferent vascular tree, suggesting that RGS5 is a good candidate for a regulator of arterial contractility and, perhaps, for determining the mass of the smooth muscle coats required to regulate blood flow in the branches of the arterial tree. Consistent with this hypothesis, using cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we demonstrate RGS5 overexpression inhibits G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated hypertrophic responses. The next objective was to determine which physiological agonists directly control RGS5 expression in VSMCs. GPCR agonists failed to directly regulate RGS5 mRNA expression; however, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) acutely represses expression. Downregulation of RGS5 results in the induction of migration and the activation of the GPCR-mediated signaling pathways. This stimulation leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases directly downstream of receptor stimulation, and ultimately VSMC hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that RGS5 expression is a critical mediator of both VSMC contraction and potentially, arterial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadambika J Gunaje
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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21
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Howitt L, Sandow SL, Grayson TH, Ellis ZE, Morris MJ, Murphy TV. Differential effects of diet-induced obesity on BKCa {beta}1-subunit expression and function in rat skeletal muscle arterioles and small cerebral arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H29-40. [PMID: 21536854 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00134.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying obesity-related vascular dysfunction are unclear. This study examined the effect of diet-induced obesity on expression and function of large conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) in rat pressurized small resistance vessels with myogenic tone. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a cafeteria-style high fat diet (HFD; ∼30% energy from fat) for 16-20 wk were ∼30% heavier than controls fed standard chow (∼13% fat). Obesity did not alter BK(Ca) α-subunit function or α-subunit protein or mRNA expression in vessels isolated from the cremaster muscle or middle-cerebral circulations. In contrast, BK(Ca) β(1)-subunit protein expression and function were significantly reduced in cremaster muscle arterioles but increased in middle-cerebral arteries from obese animals. Immunohistochemistry showed α- and β(1)-subunits were present exclusively in the smooth muscle of both vessels. Cremaster muscle arterioles from obese animals showed significantly increased medial thickness, and media-to-lumen ratio and pressurized arterioles showed increased myogenic tone at 30 mmHg, but not at 50-120 mmHg. Myogenic tone was not affected by obesity in middle-cerebral arteries. The BK(Ca) antagonist iberiotoxin constricted both cremaster muscle and middle-cerebral arterioles from control rats; this effect of iberiotoxin was abolished in cremaster muscle arteries only from obese rats. Diet-induced obesity has contrasting effects on BK(Ca) function in different vascular beds, through differential effects on β(1)-subunit expression. However, these alterations in BK(Ca) function had little effect on overall myogenic tone, suggesting that the mechanisms controlling myogenic tone can be altered and compensate for altered BK(Ca) expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Howitt
- Dept. of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia.
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22
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Puig O, Wang IM, Cheng P, Zhou P, Roy S, Cully D, Peters M, Benita Y, Thompson J, Cai TQ. Transcriptome profiling and network analysis of genetically hypertensive mice identifies potential pharmacological targets of hypertension. Physiol Genomics 2010; 42A:24-32. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00010.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a condition with major cardiovascular and renal complications, affecting nearly a billion patients worldwide. Few validated gene targets are available for pharmacological intervention, so there is a need to identify new biological pathways regulating blood pressure and containing novel targets for treatment. The genetically hypertensive “blood pressure high” (BPH), normotensive “blood pressure normal” (BPN), and hypotensive “blood pressure low” (BPL) inbred mouse strains are an ideal system to study differences in gene expression patterns that may represent such biological pathways. We profiled gene expression in liver, heart, kidney, and aorta from BPH, BPN, and BPL mice and determined which biological processes are enriched in observed organ-specific signatures. As a result, we identified multiple biological pathways linked to blood pressure phenotype that could serve as a source of candidate genes causal for hypertension. To distinguish in the kidney signature genes whose differential expression pattern may cause changes in blood pressure from those genes whose differential expression pattern results from changes in blood pressure, we integrated phenotype-associated genes into Genetic Bayesian networks. The integration of data from gene expression profiling and genetics networks is a valuable approach to identify novel potential targets for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Puig
- Department of Molecular Profiling Research Informatics, and
| | - I-Ming Wang
- Department of Molecular Profiling Research Informatics, and
| | - Ping Cheng
- Hypertension, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway New Jersey
| | - Pris Zhou
- Hypertension, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway New Jersey
| | - Sophie Roy
- Hypertension, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway New Jersey
| | - Doris Cully
- Hypertension, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway New Jersey
| | - Mette Peters
- Department of Molecular Profiling Research Informatics, and
| | - Yair Benita
- Department of Molecular Profiling Research Informatics, and
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Molecular Profiling Research Informatics, and
| | - Tian-Quan Cai
- Hypertension, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway New Jersey
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Marques FZ, Campain AE, Yang YHJ, Morris BJ. Meta-analysis of genome-wide gene expression differences in onset and maintenance phases of genetic hypertension. Hypertension 2010; 56:319-24. [PMID: 20585107 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.155366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression differences accompany both the onset and established phases of hypertension. By an integrated genome-transcriptome approach we performed a meta-analysis of data from 74 microarray experiments available on public databases to identify genes with altered expression in the kidney, adrenal, heart, and artery of spontaneously hypertensive and Lyon hypertensive rats. To identify genes responsible for the onset of hypertension we used a statistical approach that sought to eliminate expression differences that occur during maturation unrelated to hypertension. Based on this adjusted fold-difference statistic, we found 36 genes for which the expression differed between the prehypertensive phase and established hypertension. Genes having possible relevance to hypertension onset included Actn2, Ankrd1, ApoE, Cd36, Csrp3, Me1, Myl3, Nppa, Nppb, Pln, Postn, Spp1, Slc21a4, Slc22a2, Thbs4, and Tnni3. In established hypertension 102 genes exhibited altered expression after Bonferroni correction (P<0.05). These included Atp5o, Ech1, Fabp3, Gnb3, Ldhb, Myh6, Lpl, Pkkaca, Vegfb, Vcam1, and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenases. Among the genes identified, there was an overrepresentation of gene ontology terms involved in energy production, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, oxidation, and transport. These could contribute to increases in reactive oxygen species. Our meta-analysis has revealed many new genes for which the expression is altered in hypertension, so pointing to novel potential causative, maintenance, and responsive mechanisms and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Z Marques
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Xiao B, Zhang Y, Niu WQ, Gao PJ, Zhu DL. Haplotype-based association of regulator of G-protein signaling 5 gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension and metabolic parameters in Chinese. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 47:1483-8. [PMID: 19863299 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent genome-wide linkage study mapped blood pressure (BP)-related loci on human chromosome 1q and identified the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) as a candidate for regulation of BP. Thus, we assessed the relationship between RGS5 genetic polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese. METHODS A total of 906 patients with EH and 894 age- and gender-matched normotensive (NT) controls were enrolled. Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RGS5 were genotyped. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the overall distributions of the genotypic and allelic frequencies for each SNPs between the two groups. However, in haplotype analysis, significant differences for the overall distributions were noted for four haplotypes constructed by five SNPs (rs12041294C/T, rs10917690A/G, rs10917695T/C, rs10917696T/C and rs2662774G/A), viz. H(2) (C-A-C-T-A) (p=0.038), H(5) (C-G-T-T-G) (p=0.001), H(6) (T-G-C-T-A) (p=0.021) and H(12) (T-A-T-T-G) (p=0.023). Serum concentrations of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed significant associations with haplotypes revealed by a global test (p=0.0001 and 0.0309). CONCLUSIONS Multiple SNPs in combination in RGS5 may confer risk for hypertension. Our results also lend support for the effect of RGS5 SNPs on lipid metabolism. Further studies are warranted to find the causal SNPs in RGS5 for EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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25
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Suh JW, Choi DJ, Chang HJ, Cho YS, Youn TJ, Chae IH, Kim KI, Kim CH, Kim HS, Oh BH, Park YB. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor improves endothelial dysfunction in spontaneous hypertensive rats via down-regulation of caveolin-1 and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:16-23. [PMID: 20052342 PMCID: PMC2800001 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk. Caveolin-1 regulates nitric oxide (NO) signaling by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The purpose of this study was to examine whether HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor improves impaired endothelial function of the aorta in spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved. Eight-week-old male SHR were assigned to either a control group (CON, n=11) or a rosuvastatin group (ROS, n=12), rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) administered for eight weeks. Abdominal aortic rings were prepared and responses to acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-4) M) were determined in vitro. To evaluate the potential role of NO and caveolin-1, we examined the plasma activity of NOx, eNOS, phosphorylated-eNOS and expression of caveolin-1. The relaxation in response to acetylcholine was significantly enhanced in ROS compared to CON. Expression of eNOS RNA was unchanged, whereas NOx level and phosphorylated-eNOS at serine-1177 was increased accompanied with depressed level of caveolin-1 in ROS. We conclude that 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor can improve impaired endothelial dysfunction in SHR, and its underlying mechanisms are associated with increased NO production. Furthermore, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor can activate the eNOS by phosphorylation related to decreased caveolin-1 abundance. These results imply the therapeutic strategies for the high blood pressure-associated endothelial dysfunction through modifying caveolin status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In-Ho Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyo-soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buyng-Hee Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Bae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Yono M, Yoshida M, Yamamoto Y, Imanishi A, Fukagawa A, Latifpour J, Eto M. Molecular mechanisms regulating urogenital expression of nitric oxide synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2009; 85:334-8. [PMID: 19576905 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although doxazosin, but not nifedipine, can partially prevent a decrease in urogenital expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), the mechanisms involved in the regulated expression of NOS are not known. Therefore, we identified differential gene expression profiles in SHRs to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating urogenital expression of NOS. MAIN METHODS SHRs and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats received doxazosin (30 mg/kg/day) or nifedipine (30 mg/kg/day) orally for 4 weeks. Microarray expression data of key transcripts were verified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. KEY FINDINGS RT-PCR data, in accord with the microarray analysis, indicated that untreated SHRs had lower mRNA expression levels of cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (Creb1) in the pelvic ganglion and vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) and kinase insert domain protein receptor (Kdr) in the penis, and higher mRNA expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 (Ntf3) in the bladder and Ntf3, Rho-kinases (Rock1 and Rock2) and caveolin 1 (Cav1) in the penis than untreated WKY rats. In SHRs, doxazosin and nifedipine caused a significant decrease in penile expression of Rock1 and Rock2, whereas the differential alterations in urogenital expression of Creb1, Vegfa, Kdr and Cav1 were attenuated by treatment with doxazosin, but not nifedipine. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that differential alterations in the expression of several genes related to pathways that mediate NOS expression in the urogenital tissues of SHRs, which can be attenuated by doxazosin treatment, may play an important role in regulating urogenital expression of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yono
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Abstract
Caveolae are omega-shaped membrane invaginations present in essentially all cell types in the cardiovascular system, and numerous functions have been ascribed to these structures. Caveolae formation depends on caveolins, cholesterol and polymerase I and transcript release factor-Cavin (PTRF-Cavin). The current review summarizes and critically discusses the cardiovascular phenotypes reported in caveolin-1-deficient mice. Major changes in the structure and function of heart, lung and blood vessels have been documented, suggesting that caveolae play a critical role at the interface between blood and surrounding tissue. According to an emerging paradigm, many of these changes are secondary to uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Thus, nitric oxide synthase not only synthesizes more nitric oxide in the absence of caveolin-1, but also more superoxide with potential pathogenic consequences. It is further argued that the vasodilating drive from increased nitric oxide production in caveolin-1-deficient mice is balanced by changes in the vascular media that favour increased dynamic resistance regulation. Harnessing the therapeutic opportunities buried in caveolae, while challenging, could expand the arsenal of treatment options in cancer, lung disease and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rahman
- Division of Vascular and Airway Research, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Hendriks-Balk MC, Hajji N, van Loenen PB, Michel MC, Peters SLM, Alewijnse AE. Sphingosine-1-phosphate regulates RGS2 and RGS16 mRNA expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 606:25-31. [PMID: 19374869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) protein expression is altered under growth promoting conditions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Since sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important growth stimulatory factor, we investigated whether stimulation of VSMCs with S1P results in alterations in mRNA expression levels of several RGS proteins and which signalling components are involved. VSMCs were stimulated with S1P and mRNA expression levels of RGS2, RGS3, RGS4, RGS5 and RGS16 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. S1P caused a time-dependent up-regulation of RGS2 and RGS16 mRNA expression. FTY720-P, a S1P(1)/S1P(3-5) agonist, did not regulate RGS2 mRNA levels although it did up-regulate RGS16 mRNA expression. Pertussis toxin treatment revealed that the S1P-induced RGS16 expression was G(i/o)-dependent whereas up-regulation of RGS2 mRNA was not. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase apparently were not involved in the S1P-induced up-regulation of both RGS proteins. The present study demonstrates that S1P induces RGS2 and RGS16 mRNA expression but uses distinct S1P receptor subtypes and signalling pathways to regulate expression of these RGS proteins.
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Abstract
Hypertension is a prevalent condition in the developed world and disease severity is directly correlated with additional cardiovascular complications. It is estimated that 30% of the adult population in the United States has hypertension, which is classified as a systolic blood pressure > or =140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mmHg. A prolonged increase in afterload ultimately leads to congestive heart failure in the majority of cases. Currently, medication designed to treat hypertension is inadequate, thus new therapies need to be explored. Blood pressure is tightly regulated by blood vessel radius, which is established by hormones and/or peptides binding to GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Catecholamines and peptide hormones, such as AngII (angiotensin II), are elevated in hypertension and, therefore, signalling by these GPCRs is increased. Their signalling is tightly controlled by a class of proteins, the GRKs (GPCR kinases). Elevated levels of either GRK2 or GRK5 in both the lymphocytes and VSM (vascular smooth muscle) are associated with human hypertension and animal models of the disease. The focus of the present review is on the role GRKs, and their regulation of GPCRs, play in high blood pressure.
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