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Ismail J, Shebaby WN, Daher J, Boulos JC, Taleb R, Daher CF, Mroueh M. The Wild Carrot ( Daucus carota): A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:93. [PMID: 38202401 PMCID: PMC10781147 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Daucus carota L., a member of the Apiaceae family, comprises 13 subspecies, with one being cultivated (D. carota L. ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.) and the remaining being wild. Traditionally, the wild carrot has been recognized for its antilithic, diuretic, carminative, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties and has been employed in the treatment of urinary calculus, cystitis, gout, prostatitis, and cancer. While extensive literature is available on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic evaluations of the cultivated carrot, limited information has been published on the wild carrot. A thorough search was conducted on the phytochemical composition, folk-medicine uses, and pharmacological properties of wild carrot subspecies (Daucus carota L. ssp. carota). Various electronic databases were consulted, and the literature spanning from 1927 to early 2023 was reviewed. Thirteen wild Daucus carota subspecies were analyzed, revealing over 310 compounds, including terpenoids, phenylpropenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with 40 constituting more than 3% of the composition. This review also highlights the antioxidant, anticancer, antipyretic, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, hypolipidemic, and hepato- and gastroprotective properties of wild carrot subspecies. Existing in vitro and in vivo studies support their traditional uses in treating infections, inflammation, and cancer. However, further research on other subspecies is required to confirm additional applications. Well-designed preclinical and clinical trials are still necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of wild Daucus carota for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (J.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Wassim N. Shebaby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (J.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Joey Daher
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon;
| | - Joelle C. Boulos
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Robin Taleb
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (R.T.); (C.F.D.)
| | - Costantine F. Daher
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (R.T.); (C.F.D.)
- Alice Ramez Chagoury School of Nursing, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Mroueh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102-2801, Lebanon; (J.I.); (M.M.)
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Hu S, Li C, Liu D, Guo J. Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on the proliferation and differentiation of primary Sertoli cells in young rats. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Asdaq SMB, Swathi E, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M, Ali Mohzari Y, Alrashed AA, Alotaibi AS, Mohammed Alhassan B, Nagaraja S. Role of Daucus carota in Enhancing Antiulcer Profile of Pantoprazole in Experimental Animals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225287. [PMID: 33202703 PMCID: PMC7696376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The carrot plant (Daucus carota) and its components are traditionally reported for the management of gastric ulcers. This study was performed to evaluate the role of carrot when administered concurrently with a conventional antiulcer treatment, pantoprazole, in alleviating gastric and duodenal ulcers in female experimental animals. The study involved standard animal models to determine the ulcer preventive effect using pylorus ligation, ethanol, and stress induced acute gastric ulcer models and duodenal ulcer models involving cysteamine. Acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models were used to evaluate the ulcer healing effect. Carrot fruit (500 mg/kg) and its co-administration with pantoprazole produced significant protection in an ethanol- and stress-induced acute gastric ulcer and cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer. The healing of the acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer was also augmented with this combination. Both total proteins and mucin contents were significantly increased in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Similarly, in pylorus ligation, the pepsin content of gastric juice, total acidity, and free acidity were reduced. Overall, both ulcer preventive effects and ulcer healing properties of the pantoprazole were significantly enhanced in animals who received the co-administration of carrot fruit (500 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-403555-3399
| | - Earla Swathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560035, India; (E.S.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Sunil S Dhamanigi
- Department of Pharmacology, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560035, India; (E.S.); (S.S.D.)
| | - Mohammed Asad
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya Ali Mohzari
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Alrashed
- Pharmaceutical Service Department, Inpatient Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alotaibi
- Pharmaceutical Service Department, Inpatient Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | | | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
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Abe S, Ueno M, Nishitani M, Akamatsu T, Sato T, Shimoda M, Kanaoka H, Nii Y, Yamasaki H, Yuasa K. Citrus sudachi Peel Extract Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Promotes the Differentiation of Keratinocytes through Inhibition of the EGFR-ERK Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1468. [PMID: 33096942 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus sudachi is a well-known fruit in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, and its peels are rich in phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds. Although it is expected that the extract of the C. sudachi peel elicits various beneficial physiological activities, the effect on the skin has not been investigated. In this study, we report that the aqueous extract from the peel of C. sudachi suppresses cell proliferation of the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The extract of C. sudachi peel suppressed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EGF receptor activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation, which suggests that the extract exerts its inhibitory effect through inhibition of both the EGF receptor (EGFR) and its downstream molecules. Additionally, the extract of C. sudachi peel potentiated calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation. These results suggest that the extract of C. sudachi peel may have beneficial effects against skin diseases that are characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, such as those seen in psoriasis and in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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Hodroj MH, Al Bast NAH, Taleb RI, Borjac J, Rizk S. Nettle Tea Inhibits Growth of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro by Promoting Apoptosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092629. [PMID: 32872275 PMCID: PMC7551597 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urtica dioica (UD), commonly known as "stinging nettle", is a herbaceous flowering plant that is a widely used agent in traditional medicine worldwide. Several formulations of UD leaf extract have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with anticancer potential. The current study investigated the possible anticancer properties of nettle tea, prepared from Urtica dioica leaves, on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, and deciphered the underlying molecular mechanisms. Treatment of AML cell lines (U-937 and KG-1) with UD aqueous leaf extract resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation, an increase in apoptotic hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine flipping to the outer membrane leaflet, and DNA fragmentation as revealed by cell-death ELISA and cell-cycle analysis assays. Apoptosis induction in U937 cells involves alterations in the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 upon exposure to nettle tea. Furthermore, the chemical composition of UD aqueous extract indicated the presence of multiple chemical agents, such as flavonoids and phenolics, mainly patuletin, m/p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid, among others, to which the pro-apoptotic and anti-tumor effects may be attributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Hodroj
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (M.H.H.); (N.a.H.A.B.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Nour al Hoda Al Bast
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (M.H.H.); (N.a.H.A.B.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Robin I. Taleb
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (M.H.H.); (N.a.H.A.B.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Jamilah Borjac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh 1107-2809, Lebanon;
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (M.H.H.); (N.a.H.A.B.); (R.I.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-9944-851
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Abstract
StarD13 is a tumor suppressor and a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rho GTPases. Thus, StarD13 regulates cell survival pathways and induces apoptosis in a p53-dependent and independent manners. In tumors, StarD13 is either downregulated or completely inhibited, depending on the tumor type. As such, and through the dysregulation of Rho GTPases, this affects adhesion dynamics, actin dynamics, and leads to an increase or a decrease in tumor metastasis depending on the tumor grade and type. Being a key regulatory protein, StarD13 is a potential promising candidate for therapeutic approaches. This paper reviews the key characteristics of this protein and its role in tumor malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jaafar
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, P.O. Box 13-5053, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Chamseddine
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, P.O. Box 13-5053, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, P.O. Box 13-5053, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Daaboul HE, Dagher C, Taleb RI, Bodman-Smith K, Shebaby WN, El-Sibai M, Mroueh MA, Daher CF. β-2-Himachalen-6-ol inhibits 4T1 cells-induced metastatic triple negative breast carcinoma in murine model. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108703. [PMID: 31194954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
β-2-himachalen-6-ol (HC), a major sesquiterpene isolated from the Lebanese wild carrot umbels, was shown to possess remarkable in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. The present study investigates the anti-metastatic activity of HC post 4T1 breast cancer cells inoculation in a murine model. The effect of HC on 4T1 cell viability was assessed using WST-1 kit, while cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Tumor development and metastasis were evaluated by injecting 4T1 cells in the mice mammary gland region followed by either HC or cisplatin treatment. The 6-thioguanine assay was used for the quantification of metastatic cells in the blood. HC treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with IC50 and IC90 values of 7 and 28 μg/mL respectively. Concomitant treatment with cisplatin significantly reduced cell viability when compared to cells treated with cisplatin or HC alone. Flow cytometry revealed a significant increase (p˂0.05) in cell count in the Sub-G1 phase at HC 10 μg/mL, and total DNA fragmentation (p˂0.001) at HC 25 μg/mL. Annexin/PI staining showed early and late apoptotic mode of cell death upon treatment with HC. Histopathological evaluation revealed less incidence of primary and metastatic tumor/inflammation in the HC and cisplatin treated groups. Tumor size and colony-forming units were significantly decreased in the HC treated group. HC treatment induced cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis and reduced the incidence of primary and metastatic lesions caused by 4T1 cells. The present findings suggest that HC has an anti-metastatic potential against aggressive types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid E Daaboul
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Carole Dagher
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Lebanon.
| | - Robin I Taleb
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - Kikki Bodman-Smith
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Wassim N Shebaby
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad A Mroueh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
| | - Costantine F Daher
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
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Daaboul HE, Dagher C, Taleb RI, Bodman-Smith K, Shebaby WN, El-Sibai M, Mroueh MA, Daher CF. The chemotherapeutic effect of β-2-himachalen-6-ol in chemically induced skin tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:443-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Shebaby WN, Mroueh MA, Boukamp P, Taleb RI, Bodman-Smith K, El-Sibai M, Daher CF. Erratum to: Wild carrot pentane-based fractions suppress proliferation of human HaCaT keratinocytes and protect against chemically-induced skin cancer. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:149. [PMID: 28274227 PMCID: PMC5343321 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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