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Maitra S, Mukerjee N, Alharbi HM, Ghosh A, Alexiou A, Thorat ND. Targeted therapies for HPV-associated cervical cancer: Harnessing the potential of exosome-based chipsets in combating leukemia and HPV-mediated cervical cancer. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29596. [PMID: 38590017 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have emerged as significant vehicles for transporting disease-specific biomarkers. This feature provides profound insights into the progression of diseases and the responses of patients to treatments. For example, in leukemia, exosomes convey critical information through the carriage of specific proteins and nucleic acids. In the case of human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cervical cancer, exosomes are particularly useful for noninvasive detection as they transport high-risk HPV DNA and specific biomolecules, which can be indicators of the disease. Despite their vast potential, there are several challenges associated with the use of exosomes in medical diagnostics. These include their inherent heterogeneity, the need for enhanced sensitivity in detection methods, the establishment of standardization protocols, and the requirement for cost-effective scalability in their application. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the effective implementation of exosome-based diagnostics. Future research and development are geared towards overcoming these obstacles. Efforts are concentrated on refining the processes of biomarker discovery, establishing comprehensive regulatory frameworks, developing convenient point-of-care devices, exploring methods for multimodal detection, and conducting extensive clinical trials. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to inaugurate a new era of precision diagnostics within healthcare. This would significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of diseases such as leukemia and HPV-mediated cervical cancer. The integration of exosomes with cutting-edge technology holds the promise of significantly reinforcing the foundations of healthcare, leading to enhanced diagnostic accuracy, better disease monitoring, and more personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hanan M Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
- AFNP, Med, Wein, Austria
| | - Nanasaheb D Thorat
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute and Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre (LDCRC), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
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2
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Yang C, Xue Y, Duan Y, Mao C, Wan M. Extracellular vesicles and their engineering strategies, delivery systems, and biomedical applications. J Control Release 2024; 365:1089-1123. [PMID: 38065416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanoscale vesicles that can be secreted by all cell types, are intracellular in origin and have the same composition as their parent cells, play a key role in intercellular communication in organismal health and disease, and are now often used as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic agents in biomedical research. When injected locally or systemically, they have the ability to provide a variety of therapeutic effects, for example, regeneration of skin damage or restoration of cardiac function. However, direct injection of extracellular vesicles may result in their rapid clearance from the injection site.In order to maintain the biological activity of extracellular vesicles and to control the release of effective concentrations for better therapeutic efficacy during long-term disease treatment, the design of an optimized drug delivery system is necessary and different systems for the continuous delivery of extracellular vesicles have been developed. This paper first provides an overview of the biogenesis, composition and physiological function of extracellular vesicles, followed by a review of different strategies for extracellular vesicle isolation and methods for engineering extracellular vesicles. In addition, this paper reviews the latest extracellular vesicle delivery platforms such as micro-nanoparticles, injectable hydrogels, microneedles and scaffold patches. At the same time, the research progress and key cases of extracellular vesicle delivery systems in the field of biomedical therapeutics are described. Finally, the challenges and future trends of extracellular vesicle delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunxin Xue
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Duan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Modabber N, Mahboub SS, Khoshravesh S, Karimpour F, Karimi A, Goodarzi V. Evaluation of Long Non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in the Pathogenesis of Chemotherapy Resistance in Cervical Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00909-6. [PMID: 37804407 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), is a leading cause of female malignancies worldwide. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of CC development and identifying novel therapeutic targets are significantly important. Cisplatin resistance is a significant challenge in the management of CC. Recent studies highlighted the critical role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulation of cisplatin resistance. This comprehensive review aims to collect the current understanding roles of lncRNAs and their involvement in cisplatin resistance in CC by highlighting key processes of cancer progression, including apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We discussed the role of lncRNA in CC resistance to cisplatin through molecular pathways and examined gene expression changes. We also discussed treatment strategies and factors that reduce CC resistance to cisplatin by targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Modabber
- Shahid Akbar-Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (SHACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Sadat Mahboub
- Shahid Akbar-Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (SHACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Karimpour
- Cancer Reserch Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Anita Karimi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Goodarzi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rasoul-Akram Medical Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Gameiro SF, Flondra KM. Human Papillomavirus-Associated Tumor Extracellular Vesicles in HPV + Tumor Microenvironments. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5668. [PMID: 37685735 PMCID: PMC10488665 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most infections with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are self-resolving and asymptomatic. However, some infections can lead to the development of cancer at different mucosal sites, such as the cervix and the head and neck. Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are dichotomized into HPV-positive (HPV+) or HPV-negative (HPV-) based on their respective etiologies. Notably, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of the HPV+ subtype has an immune landscape characterized with increased immune infiltration, higher levels of T cell activation, and higher levels of immunoregulatory stimuli compared to their HPV- counterparts. Both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses hijack the extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis pathway to deploy a "trojan horse" strategy with a pseudoviral envelope to enhance infectivity and evade inflammation. EVs derived from HPV-infected tumor cells could allow for the stealth transport of viral cargo to neighboring nonmalignant cellular populations or infiltrating immune cells within the TME. Furthermore, viral cargo or altered cellular cargo from HPV-associated tumor EVs (HPV-TEVs) could alter the functional state or biological responses of the recipient cellular populations, which could shape the distinctive HPV+ TME. This review will cover the impact of EVs released from HPV-infected cells on HPV-induced carcinogenesis, their role in shaping the distinctive HPV+ tumor microenvironment, and current efforts to develop a painless EV-based liquid biopsy for HPV+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F. Gameiro
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn M. Flondra
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
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Salimi L, Seyedaghamiri F, Karimipour M, Mobarak H, Mardi N, Taghavi M, Rahbarghazi R. Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood-brain-barrier interface. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:118. [PMID: 37208741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) interface with multicellular structure controls strictly the entry of varied circulating macromolecules from the blood-facing surface into the brain parenchyma. Under several pathological conditions within the central nervous system, the integrity of the BBB interface is disrupted due to the abnormal crosstalk between the cellular constituents and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with diverse therapeutic outcomes. These particles transfer a plethora of signaling molecules with the potential to modulate target cell behavior in a paracrine manner. Here, in the current review article, the therapeutic properties of Exos and their potential in the alleviation of compromised BBB structure were discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salimi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Contreras S, Escalona R, Cantin C, Valdivia P, Zapata D, Carvajal L, Brito R, Cerda Á, Illanes S, Gutiérrez J, Leiva A. Small extracellular vesicles from pregnant women with maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia impair endothelial cell function in vitro. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 150:107174. [PMID: 37105374 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (MPH, maternal total cholesterol (TC) levels at term of pregnancy ≤280 mg/dl) occurs to assure fetal development. Maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH, TC levels >280 mg/dl) is a pathological condition associated with maternal, placental, and fetal endothelial dysfunction and early neonatal atherosclerosis development. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are delivered to the extracellular space by different cells, where they modulate cell functions by transporting active signaling molecules, including proteins and miRNA. AIM To determine whether sEVs from MSPH women could alter the function of endothelial cells (angiogenesis, endothelial activation and nitric oxide synthesis capacity). METHODS This study included 24 Chilean women (12 MPH and 12 MSPH). sEVs were isolated from maternal plasma and characterized by sEV markers (CD9, Alix and HSP70), nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and protein and cholesterol content. The endothelial cell line HMEC-1 was used to determine the uptake of labeled sEVs and the effects of sEVs on cell viability, endothelial tube formation, endothelial cell activation, and endothelial nitric oxide expression and function. RESULTS In MSPH women, the plasma concentration of sEVs was increased compared to that in MPH women. MSPH-sEVs were highly taken up by HMEC-1 cells and reduced angiogenic capacity and the expression and activity of eNOS without changing cell viability or endothelial activation. CONCLUSION sEVs from MSPH women impair angiogenesis and nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells, which could contribute to MSPH-associated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Escalona
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudette Cantin
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pascuala Valdivia
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Brito
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, CEMT-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Álvaro Cerda
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, CEMT-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
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Avila JP, Carvalho BM, Coimbra EC. A Comprehensive View of the Cancer-Immunity Cycle (CIC) in HPV-Mediated Cervical Cancer and Prospects for Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041333. [PMID: 36831674 PMCID: PMC9954575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 new cases each year and a mortality rate of around 55%. Over 80% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The most important risk factor for CC is persistent infection by a sexually transmitted virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV). Conventional treatments to eradicate this type of cancer are accompanied by high rates of resistance and a large number of side effects. Hence, it is crucial to devise novel effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have aimed to develop immunotherapeutic methods for treating cancer. However, these strategies have not proven to be effective enough to combat CC. This means there is a need to investigate immune molecular targets. An adaptive immune response against cancer has been described in seven key stages or steps defined as the cancer-immunity cycle (CIC). The CIC begins with the release of antigens by tumor cells and ends with their destruction by cytotoxic T-cells. In this paper, we discuss several molecular alterations found in each stage of the CIC of CC. In addition, we analyze the evidence discovered, the molecular mechanisms and their relationship with variables such as histological subtype and HPV infection, as well as their potential impact for adopting novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Prabakaran DS. Exploring the Molecular Pathogenesis, Pathogen Association, and Therapeutic Strategies against HPV Infection. Pathogens 2022; 12. [PMID: 36678374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV), commonly documented as the cause of warts, has gained much interest recently due to its possible links to several types of cancer. HPV infection is discussed in this review from multiple angles, including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, immunology, clinical symptoms, and treatment. Recent breakthroughs in molecular biology have led to the development of new methods for detecting and treating HPV in tissue. There is no cure for HPV, and although vaccines are available to prevent infection with the most common HPV viruses, their utilization is limited. Destruction and excision are the primary treatment modalities. This review sheds light on the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, the association of several other pathogens with HPV, the latest treatment strategies available to treat the same, and an overview of the progress made and the obstacles still to be overcome in the fight against HPV infection.
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Chen Z, Wang X. The Role and Application of Exosomes and Their Cargos in Reproductive Diseases: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120706. [PMID: 36548867 PMCID: PMC9785507 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of the reproductive diseases is increasing year-by-year, leading to abortion or fetal arrest, which seriously affects the reproductive health of human beings and the reproductive efficiency of animals. Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles that are widely distributed in living organisms and released by the cells of various organs and tissues. Exosomes contain proteins, RNA, lipids, and other components and are important carriers of information transfer between cells, which play a variety of physiological and pathological regulatory functions. More and more studies have found that exosomes and their connotations play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases. A systematic review was conducted in this manuscript and then highlights our knowledge about the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes to reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, premature ovarian failure (POF), preeclampsia, polycystic, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate gland cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang R, Zou Y, Luo J. Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Cancer Treatment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120740. [PMID: 36550946 PMCID: PMC9774372 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer are the three most common gynecological malignancies that seriously threaten women's health. With the development of molecular biology technology, immunotherapy and targeted therapy for gynecologic tumors are being carried out in clinical treatment. Extracellular vesicles are nanosized; they exist in various body fluids and play an essential role in intercellular communication and in the regulation of various biological process. Several studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are important targets in gynecologic cancer treatment as they promote tumor growth, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune system escape. This article reviews the progress of research into extracellular vesicles in common gynecologic tumors and discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in gynecologic tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yixing Zou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
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Miao M, Miao Y, Zhu Y, Wang J, Zhou H. Advances in Exosomes as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers for Gynaecological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4743. [PMID: 36230667 PMCID: PMC9563301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The three major gynaecological cancers are ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer, which endanger women’s health worldwide. Significant progress has been made in the study of exosomes, which have been proven to be an important form of intercellular communication, as well as an important carrier for the uptake, transport, and release of cargo. Exosomes may also be promising diagnostic or prognostic markers for gynaecologic malignancies, which may improve the level of treatment of gynaecologic malignancies. This article reviews the latest research progress and systematic knowledge of exosomes in gynaecological malignant tumours in recent years, in order to provide a new perspective for the treatment of gynaecological tumours and promote the clinical application of exosomes in gynaecological malignancies. Abstract Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be released by practically all types of cells. They have a diameter of 30–150 nm. Exosomes control the exchange of materials and information between cells. This function is based on its special cargo-carrying and transporting functions, which can load a variety of useful components and guarantee their preservation. Recently, exosomes have been confirmed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gynaecological malignancies. Particularly, participation in liquid biopsy was studied extensively in gynaecological cancer, which holds the advantages of noninvasiveness and individualization. Literature Review: This article reviews the latest research progress of exosomes in gynaecological malignancies and discusses the involvement of humoral and cell-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and treatment of ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. Advances in the clinical application of exosomes in diagnostic technology, drug delivery, and overcoming tumour resistance are also presented. Conclusion: Exosomes are potentially diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gynaecological malignancies, and also provide new directions for the treatment of gynaecological tumours, showing great clinical potential.
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Wang X, Huang J, Chen W, Li G, Li Z, Lei J. The updated role of exosomal proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Exp Mol Med 2022. [PMID: 36138197 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles encompassed by a lipid bilayer that are released by various living cells. Exosomal proteins are encapsulated within the membrane or embedded on the surface. As an important type of exosome cargo, exosomal proteins can reflect the physiological status of the parent cell and play an essential role in cell-cell communication. Exosomal proteins can regulate tumor development, including tumor-related immune regulation, microenvironment reconstruction, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, etc. The features of exosomal proteins can provide insight into exosome generation, targeting, and biological function and are potential sources of markers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Here, we summarize the effects of exosomal proteins on cancer biology, the latest progress in the application of exosomal proteins in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and the potential contribution of exosomal proteins in cancer therapeutics and vaccines.
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Lee JE, Chung Y, Rhee S, Kim TH. Untold story of human cervical cancers: HPV-negative cervical cancer. BMB Rep 2022; 55:429-438. [PMID: 35725012 PMCID: PMC9537028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide. Although infection from human papillomavirus (HPV) has been the leading cause of cervical cancer, HPV-negative cervical cancer accounts for approximately 3-8% of all cases. Previous research studies on cervical cancer have focused on HPV-positive cervical cancer due to its prevalence, resulting in HPV-negative cervical cancer receiving considerably less attention. As a result, HPV-negative cervical cancer is poorly understood. Its etiology remains elusive mainly due to limitations in research methodology such as lack of defined markers and model systems. Moreover, false HPV negativity can arise from inaccurate diagnostic methods, which also hinders the progress of research on HPV-negative cervical cancer. Since HPV-negative cervical cancer is associated with worse clinical features, greater attention is required to understand HPV-negative carcinoma. In this review, we provide a summary of knowledge gaps and current limitations of HPV-negative cervical cancer research based on current clinical statistics. We also discuss future directions for understanding the pathogenesis of HPV-independent cervical cancer. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(9): 429-438].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yein Chung
- St. Benedict Catholic Secondary School, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 4X5, Canada, NM 87131, USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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14
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Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Mirzaei S, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Naghdi MJ, Sabet S, Khoshbakht MA, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Sethi G, Zarrabi A, Kumar AP, Tan SC, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, Islam MA, Mostafavi E, Ashrafizadeh M. Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:83. [PMID: 35765040 PMCID: PMC9238168 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer progression and therapy. We discuss how exosomes are able to modulate components of the tumor microenvironment and influence proliferation and migration rates of cancer cells. We also highlight that, depending on their cargo, exosomes can suppress or promote tumor cell progression and can enhance or reduce cancer cell response to radio- and chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe how exosomes can trigger chronic inflammation and lead to immune evasion and tumor progression by focusing on their ability to transfer non-coding RNAs between cells and modulate other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN and PI3K/Akt in cancer. Subsequently, we discuss the use of exosomes as carriers of anti-tumor agents and genetic tools to control cancer progression. We then discuss the role of tumor-derived exosomes in carcinogenesis. Finally, we devote a section to the study of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical courses that is important for the treatment of cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of exosomes in cancer therapy, focusing on their therapeutic value in cancer progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Naghdi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Sabet
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khoshbakht
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia.,AFNP Med Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Ran Z, Wu S, Ma Z, Chen X, Liu J, Yang J. Advances in exosome biomarkers for cervical cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4966-4978. [PMID: 35578572 PMCID: PMC9761094 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in females worldwide. Exosomes are a subclass of extracellular vesicles released by nearly all types of cells that act as cargo transport vehicles, carrying proteins, and genetic material (such as miRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs) derived from their parent cells may affect receiving cells and thus have emerged as key players in several biological processes, including inflammatory pathways. In this review, we concentrated on the findings of exosome investigations in CC, particularly their components. They direct the actions of CC cells by inducing surface molecules associated with various biological pathways. We summarized the current knowledge of exosomal RNAs and proteins from CC cells and discussed the feasibility of exosomes as potential biomarkers for CC. We suggest that cancer-derived exosomes promote metastasis in CC by supporting EMT, controlling the proliferation, invasion, or migration of cancer cells, as well as influencing immune escape and aiding angiogenesis. Overall, cancer-derived exosomes are critical in the progression of CC, and further studies are necessary to advance our understanding of the clinical value of exosomes in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ran
- Department of ResearchShanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu HospitalShanghaiChina,Inspection and Quarantine Department, The College of Medical TechnologyShanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghaiChina,The Genius Medicine Consortium (TGMC)ShanghaiChina
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Inspection and Quarantine Department, The College of Medical TechnologyShanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghaiChina,The Genius Medicine Consortium (TGMC)ShanghaiChina
| | - Zijng Ma
- Inspection and Quarantine Department, The College of Medical TechnologyShanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghaiChina,The Genius Medicine Consortium (TGMC)ShanghaiChina
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- Inspection and Quarantine Department, The College of Medical TechnologyShanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghaiChina,The Genius Medicine Consortium (TGMC)ShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Inspection and Quarantine Department, The College of Medical TechnologyShanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jingcheng Yang
- The Genius Medicine Consortium (TGMC)ShanghaiChina,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision MedicineGuangzhouChina
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16
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Kowalczyk A, Wrzecińska M, Czerniawska-Piątkowska E, Kupczyński R. Exosomes - Spectacular role in reproduction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112752. [PMID: 35220028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized structures that are found in semen, epididymal -fluid, endometrium, as well as in follicular fluid. They are responsible for transporting bioactive cargo- proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have been proven to influence processes in both female and male reproductive systems, including gametogenesis, acrosomal reaction, sperm capacitation, and embryo implantation in the endometrium. Exosomes are made of the same particles as the cells they come from and are secreted by normal and pathological cells. Therefore, exosomes can reflect the physiological state of cells. Moreover, due to the transportation of biomolecules, they participate in intercellular communication and can be used as biomarkers of many diseases, including ovarian, endometrial and prostate cancer. Identification of exosomes as biomarkers could contribute to a better understanding of genital dysfunction and fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kowalczyk
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcjanna Wrzecińska
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, Wrocław, Poland.
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17
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Kumar VS, Anjali K. Tumour generated exosomal miRNAs: A major player in tumour angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Kaur S, Elkahloun AG, Petersen JD, Arakelyan A, Livak F, Singh SP, Margolis L, Zimmerberg J, Roberts DD. CD63 + and MHC Class I + Subsets of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Wild-Type and CD47-Deficient Jurkat T Cells Have Divergent Functional Effects on Endothelial Cell Gene Expression. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1705. [PMID: 34829933 PMCID: PMC8615535 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells and endothelial cells engage in bidirectional communication that regulates angiogenesis and T cell transmigration. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by the transfer of bioactive molecules including RNAs. EVs produced by a given cell type are heterogeneous in their RNA content, but it is unclear how specific EV surface markers relate to their functional effects on target cells. Our previous work established that Jurkat T cell EVs bearing CD63, MHC-I, or CD47 surface markers contain distinct noncoding RNA populations. The present study reveals that CD63+ and MHC-I+ EVs from CD47-deficient Jurkat T cells are enriched in small non-coding RNAs relative to EVs from wild-type Jurkat T cells. CD47-deficient Jurkat T cells secrete more CD63+ and MHC-I+ EVs, but MHC-I+ EVs are selectively taken up more by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Transcriptomics analysis of endothelial cells treated with CD63+ or MHC-I+ EVs showed surface marker- and CD47-dependent changes in gene expression in the target cells. Gene set enrichment analysis identified CD47-dependent, and surface marker-dependent effects of T cell EVs on VEGF and inflammatory signaling, cell cycle, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Thus, subsets of T cell EVs differentially regulate endothelial cell metabolism and inflammatory and angiogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdel G. Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jennifer D. Petersen
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.D.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Ferenc Livak
- Flow Cytometry Core, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.D.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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