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庞 碧, 黄 娜, 黄 晓, 李 馨, 熊 文, 孔 波, 姚 焱. [Lithocholic acid decreases mRNA stability of nuclear receptor PPAR α by upregulating miR-21 expression in hepatoma HepG2 cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2023; 43:2086-2094. [PMID: 38189395 PMCID: PMC10774099 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of lithocholic acid (LCA) on nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-alpha (PPARα) mRNA stability at the post-transcriptional level. METHODS PPARα 3'UTR luciferase reporter gene vectors were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells to observe the changes in cellular luciferase activity in response to LCA treatments. Bioinformatic prediction and miRNA PCR array technique were used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs induced by LCA and their potential binding sites on the 3'UTR. The binding sites (Mut1, Mut2 and Mut1+Mut2) were mutated to compare the changes in cellular luciferase activity following LCA treatment. Western blotting and RTqPCR were used to detect the activated signaling pathway and the expression levels of its downstream transcription factors in LCA-treated cells. The changes in PPARα protein expression level were detected in the cells following overexpression of the transcription factors. RESULTS Treatment with 100 μmol/L LCA significantly reduced luciferase activity of PPARα 3'UTR1 and 3'UTR2 in HepG2 cells by more than 50% (P<0.01) and induced significant upregulation of miR-21 and miR-22, especially the former (by 2.35 folds, P<0.05). Two predicted miR-21-binding sites in the 3'UTR1 were mutated to construct Mut1, Mut2 and Mut1+Mut2 reporter gene vectors. LCA treatment down-regulated 3'UTR1 luciferase activity by 51%, while Mut1, Mut2, and Mut1+Mut2 were down-regulated by 37%, 39%, and 13%, respectively. LCA caused ERK1/2 phosphorylation and activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and treatment with 100 μmol/L LCA upregulated the expression of transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) by 5.83 folds (P<0.01). Transient overexpression of EGR1 significantly decreased cellular PPARα protein levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION LCA reduces PPARα mRNA stability and thus decreases PPARα mRNA and protein expressions in hepatocytes by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and upregulating EGR1 and miR-21, which targets 3'UTR regulatory region of PPARα mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- 碧滢 庞
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 娜娜 黄
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 晓霞 黄
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 馨 李
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 文婷 熊
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 波 孔
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 焱 姚
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhu J, Liu H, Xu L, Wu Y, He C, Song Y. Minor alleles of FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms confer a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, but not coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1249070. [PMID: 38161971 PMCID: PMC10754952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1249070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Relationships of the polymorphisms in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta gene (PPARD) with metabolic-related diseases remain to be clarified. Methods One thousand three hundred and eighty-one subjects were enrolled. Metabolic-related diseases including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) were defined based on diagnostic criteria. FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449, and PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism method. Results Patients with T2DM or dyslipidemia had a higher frequency of AA, AT or AA + AT genotypes as well as A allele of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism than those free of T2DM or dyslipidemia (P ≤ 0.04 for all). Patients with T2DM or dyslipidemia had a higher frequency of GG, GT or GG + GT genotypes as well as G allele of FTO rs17817449 polymorphism than those free of T2DM or dyslipidemia (P ≤ 0.03 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms were independently associated with T2DM as well as dyslipidemia after adjustment for age, sex, smoking and other metabolic diseases. FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms were not associated with obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension and CAD. Obese or T2DM carriers of the AA or AT genotype of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to non-obese or non-T2DM carriers of the AA or AT genotype (P = 0.03 for both). Among the carriers of GG or GT genotype of the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in obese patients was higher than that in non-obese subjects (P < 0.01). PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms were not correlated with any of the metabolic-related diseases in the study population. Conclusion Minor alleles of FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms confer a higher risk of T2DM and dyslipidemia, and the risk is further increased among obese individuals. PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms are not associated with metabolic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lvlin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junchen Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luying Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Benak D, Benakova S, Plecita-Hlavata L, Hlavackova M. The role of m 6A and m 6Am RNA modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1223583. [PMID: 37484960 PMCID: PMC10360938 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1223583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly developing research field of epitranscriptomics has recently emerged into the spotlight of researchers due to its vast regulatory effects on gene expression and thereby cellular physiology and pathophysiology. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) are among the most prevalent and well-characterized modified nucleosides in eukaryotic RNA. Both of these modifications are dynamically regulated by a complex set of epitranscriptomic regulators called writers, readers, and erasers. Altered levels of m6A and also several regulatory proteins were already associated with diabetic tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and gaps about m6A and m6Am modifications and their respective regulators in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. It focuses mainly on the more prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its treatment by metformin, the first-line antidiabetic agent. A better understanding of epitranscriptomic modifications in this highly prevalent disease deserves further investigation and might reveal clinically relevant discoveries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Benak
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stepanka Benakova
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islet Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lydie Plecita-Hlavata
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islet Research, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marketa Hlavackova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Song Y, Wade H, Zhang B, Xu W, Wu R, Li S, Su Q. Polymorphisms of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene in the Pathogenesis of Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:2643. [PMID: 37375547 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent around the world and is associated with a high likelihood of suffering from severe diseases such as cardiovascular disease later in adulthood. MetS is associated with genetic susceptibility that involves gene polymorphisms. The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) encodes an RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase that regulates RNA stability and molecular functions. Human FTO contains genetic variants that significantly contribute to the early onset of MetS in children and adolescents. Emerging evidence has also uncovered that FTO polymorphisms in intron 1, such as rs9939609 and rs9930506 polymorphisms, are significantly associated with the development of MetS in children and adolescents. Mechanistic studies reported that FTO polymorphisms lead to aberrant expressions of FTO and the adjacent genes that promote adipogenesis and appetite and reduce steatolysis, satiety, and energy expenditure in the carriers. The present review highlights the recent observations on the key FTO polymorphisms that are associated with child and adolescent MetS with an exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of increased waist circumference, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in child and adolescent MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Henry Wade
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Bingrui Zhang
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shujin Li
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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Sun Z, Ji J, Zuo L, Hu Y, Wang K, Xu T, Wang Q, Cheng F. Causal relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and different sleep traits: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159258. [PMID: 37334291 PMCID: PMC10272397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is common worldwide and has previously been reported to be associated with sleep traits. However, it is not clear whether NAFLD changes sleep traits or whether the changes in sleep traits lead to the onset of NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between NAFLD and changes in sleep traits using Mendelian randomization. Methods We proposed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and performed validation analyses to dissect the association between NAFLD and sleep traits. Genetic instruments were used as proxies for NAFLD and sleep. Data of genome-wide association study(GWAS) were obtained from the center for neurogenomics and cognitive research database, Open GWAS database and GWAS catalog. Three MR methods were performed, including inverse variance weighted method(IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median. Results In total,7 traits associated with sleep and 4 traits associated with NAFLD are used in this study. A total of six results showed significant differences. Insomnia was associated with NAFLD (OR(95% CI)= 2.25(1.18,4.27), P = 0.01), Alanine transaminase levels (OR(95% CI)= 2.79(1.70, 4.56), P =4.71×10-5) and percent liver fat(OR(95% CI)= 1.31(1.03,1.69), P = 0.03). Snoring was associated with percent liver fat (1.15(1.05,1.26), P =2×10-3), alanine transaminase levels (OR(95% CI)= 1.27(1.08,1.50), P =0.04).And dozing was associated with percent liver fat(1.14(1.02,1.26), P =0.02).For the remaining 50 outcomes, no significant or definitive association was yielded in MR analysis. Conclusion Genetic evidence suggests putative causal relationships between NAFLD and a set of sleep traits, indicating that sleep traits deserves high priority in clinical practice. Not only the confirmed sleep apnea syndrome, but also the sleep duration and sleep state (such as insomnia) deserve clinical attention. Our study proves that the causal relationship between sleep characteristics and NAFLD is the cause of the change of sleep characteristics, while the onset of non-NAFLD is the cause of the change of sleep characteristics, and the causal relationship is one-way.
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Jeon H, Lee CG, Jeong H, Yun SH, Kim J, Uprety LP, Oh KI, Singh S, Yoo J, Park E, Jeong SY. Inhibitory Effects of Loganin on Adipogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of mature adipocytes that store surplus energy in the form of lipids. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of loganin on adipogenesis in mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and primary cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and in mice with ovariectomy (OVX)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in vivo. For an in vitro study, loganin was co-incubated during adipogenesis in both 3T3-L1 cells and ADSCs, lipid droplets were evaluated by oil red O staining, and adipogenesis-related factors were assessed by qRT-PCR. For in vivo studies, mouse models of OVX- and HFD-induced obesity were orally administered with loganin, body weight was measured, and hepatic steatosis and development of excessive fat were evaluated by histological analysis. Loganin treatment reduced adipocyte differentiation by accumulating lipid droplets through the downregulation of adipogenesis-related factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpa), perilipin 2 (Plin2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription protein 1 (Srebp1). Loganin administration prevented weight gain in mouse models of obesity induced by OVX and HFD. Further, loganin inhibited metabolic abnormalities, such as hepatic steatosis and adipocyte enlargement, and increased the serum levels of leptin and insulin in both OVX- and HFD-induced obesity models. These results suggest that loganin is a potential candidate for preventing and treating obesity.
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Tang Z, Sun C, Yan Y, Niu Z, Li Y, Xu X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Wang L, Hu C, Li Z, Jiang J, Ying H. Aberrant elevation of FTO levels promotes liver steatosis by decreasing the m6A methylation and increasing the stability of SREBF1 and ChREBP mRNAs. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 14:6817255. [PMID: 36352530 PMCID: PMC9951264 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated an association of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. This study aimed to decipher the complex role of FTO in hepatic lipid metabolism. We found that a decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in the liver of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) was accompanied by an increase in FTO expression. Overexpression of FTO in the liver promoted triglyceride accumulation by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes. Mechanistical studies revealed that FTO could stabilize the mRNAs of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), two master lipogenic transcription factors, by demethylating m6A sites. Knockdown of either SREBF1 or ChREBP attenuated the lipogenic effect of FTO, suggesting that they are bona fide effectors for FTO in regulating lipogenesis. Insulin could stimulate FTO transcription through a mechanism involving the action of intranuclear insulin receptor beta, while knockdown of FTO abrogated the lipogenic effect of insulin. Inhibition of FTO by entacapone decreased the expression of SREBF1, ChREBP, and downstream lipogenic genes, ameliorating liver steatosis in HFD-fed mice. Thus, our study established a critical role of FTO in both the insulin-regulated hepatic lipogenesis and the pathogenesis of NAFLD and provided a potential strategy for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhoumin Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China.,Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
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Tan J, Wang YF, Dai ZH, Yin HZ, Mu CY, Wang SJ, Yang F. Roles of RNA m6A modification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0046. [PMID: 38345896 PMCID: PMC9988276 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a series of liver disorders, and it has become the most prevalent hepatic disease to date. However, there are no approved and effective pharmaceuticals for NAFLD owing to a poor understanding of its pathological mechanisms. While emerging studies have demonstrated that m6A modification is highly associated with NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the general profile of NAFLD and m6A modification, and the role of m6A regulators including erasers, writers, and readers in NAFLD. Finally, we also highlight the clinical significance of m6A in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-fan Wang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-hui Dai
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-zan Yin
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-yang Mu
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-jie Wang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Rivera-Iñiguez I, Panduro A, Roman S, González-Aldaco K. What do we know about nutrient-based strategies targeting molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related fatty liver disease? Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:100874. [PMID: 36371078 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the associated molecular mechanisms could be targeted with nutrient-based strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current mechanisms to propose further treatments. Obesity facilitates the onset of insulin resistance, lipidic abnormalities, hepatic fat accumulation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation, all related to further steatosis progression and fibrosis. Microbiota alterations can also influence liver disease by the translocation of pathogenic bacteria, energy extraction from short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal suppression of the expression of fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF), reduction of bile acids, and altered choline metabolism. There are also genetic polymorphisms in metabolic proteins that predispose to a higher risk of liver diseases, such as those found in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) or also known as lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1), transmembrane channel-like 4 genes (TMC4), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), the b Klotho (KLB) and carboxylesterase (CES1). No clear dietary guidelines target all mechanisms related to NAFLD development and progression. However, energy and carbohydrate intake restriction, regular physical exercise, supplementation of antioxidants, and restoration of gut microbiota seem to have beneficial effects on the new proposed features of NAFLD.
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Yang ZY, Wu YY, Zhou Y, Yang YQ, Zhang JH, He T, Liu S. N-linoleyltyrosine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice via cannabinoid receptor regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:938527. [PMID: 36111301 PMCID: PMC9468927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.938527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-linoleyltyrosine (NITyr) showed mild effects in preclinical studies. The research discussed the effect of NITyr on a high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese (DIO) mice, and preliminarily explored its mechanism. METHODS The DIO mice were established by feeding an HFD for 12 weeks and subsequently administrated orally with NITyr (30, 60 and 100 mg/kg) for four weeks. The indexes of serum and liver samples were determined by ELISA kit. The pathological status of adipose and liver were detected by HE staining. The factors related to energy and lipid metabolism were measured via western blot. RESULTS NITyr at 60 and 100 mg/kg/day suppressed the weight gain without affecting water and food intake. Accordingly, NITyr reduced adipose weight and the area of individual adipocytes and increased the number of adipocytes. Moreover, NITyr didn't affect the appetite-related indexes such as ghrelin, peptide YY and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Besides, NITyr didn't affect other organ coefficients except for the liver. Correspondingly, NITyr reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, yet didn't influence IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and the liver injury. The levels of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin, adiponectin and leptin in serum were assessed to evaluate the effect of NITyr on glucose and lipid metabolism. NITyr decreased the levels of TG, TC and glucose, and didn't affect insulin, adiponectin and leptin levels. Meanwhile, NITyr up-regulated p-AMPK and the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) expressions, and down-regulated PPAR, FAS and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) expressions.Overall, NITyr suppressed lipid accumulation via improving lipid and glucose metabolism involving CB1 and CB2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Research and Development Center, Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Sha Liu, ; Tao He,
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Sha Liu, ; Tao He,
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