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Yun WJ, Li J, Yin NC, Zhang CY, Cui ZG, Zhang L, Zheng HC. The facilitating effects of KRT80 on chemoresistance, lipogenesis, and invasion of esophageal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2302162. [PMID: 38241178 PMCID: PMC10802210 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2302162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin 80 (KRT80) is a filament protein that makes up one of the major structural fibers of epithelial cells, and involved in cell differentiation and epithelial barrier integrity. Here, KRT80 mRNA expression was found to be higher in esophageal cancer than normal epithelium by RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis (p < .05), opposite to KRT80 methylation (p < .05). There was a negative relationship between promoter methylation and expression level of KRT80 gene in esophageal cancer (p < .05). KRT80 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the differentiation, infiltration of immune cells, and poor prognosis of esophageal cancer (p < .05). KRT80 mRNA expression was positively linked to no infiltration of immune cells, the short survival time of esophageal cancers (p < .05). The differential genes of KRT80 mRNA were involved in fat digestion and metabolism, peptidase inhibitor, and intermediate filament, desosome, keratinocyte differentiation, epidermis development, keratinization, ECM regulator, complement cascade, metabolism of vitamins and co-factor (p < .05). KRT-80-related genes were classified into endocytosis, cell adhesion molecule binding, cadherin binding, cell-cell junction, cell leading edge, epidermal cell differentiation and development, T cell differentiation and receptor complex, plasma membrane receptor complex, external side of plasma membrane, metabolism of amino acids and catabolism of small molecules, and so forth (p < .05). KRT80 knockdown suppressed anti-apoptosis, anti-pyroptosis, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and lipogenesis in esophageal cancer cells (p < .05), while ACC1 and ACLY overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of KRT80 on lipogenesis and chemoresistance. These findings indicated that up-regulated expression of KRT80 might be involved in esophageal carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, aggravate aggressive phenotypes, and induced chemoresistance by lipid droplet assembly and ACC1- and ACLY-mediated lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Nan-Chang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cong-Yu Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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Zhang M, Duan C, Lin W, Wu H, Chen L, Guo H, Yu M, Liu Q, Nie Y, Wang H, Wang S. Levistilide A Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect by Suppressing Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming and Preventing Microglia Polarization Shift: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:912. [PMID: 38398662 PMCID: PMC10893236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The microglia, displaying diverse phenotypes, play a significant regulatory role in the development, progression, and prognosis of Parkinson's disease. Research has established that glycolytic reprogramming serves as a critical regulator of inflammation initiation in pro-inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, the modulation of glycolytic reprogramming has the potential to reverse the polarized state of these macrophages. Previous studies have shown that Levistilide A (LA), a phthalide component derived from Angelica sinensis, possesses a range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. In our study, we have examined the impact of LA on inflammatory cytokines and glucose metabolism in microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we explored the effects of LA on the AMPK/mTOR pathway and assessed its neuroprotective potential both in vitro and in vivo. The findings revealed that LA notably diminished the expression of M1 pro-inflammatory factors induced by LPS in microglia, while leaving M2 anti-inflammatory factor expression unaltered. Additionally, it reduced ROS production and suppressed IκB-α phosphorylation levels as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Notably, LA exhibited the ability to reverse microglial glucose metabolism reprogramming and modulate the phosphorylation levels of AMPK/mTOR. In vivo experiments further corroborated these findings, demonstrating that LA mitigated the death of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons and reduced microglia activation in the ventral SNpc brain region of the midbrain and the striatum. In summary, LA exhibited neuroprotective benefits by modulating the polarization state of microglia and altering glucose metabolism, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Congyan Duan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Weifang Lin
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Honghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.W.); (L.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.W.); (L.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.W.); (L.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Minyu Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yaling Nie
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (M.Z.); (C.D.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (Q.L.); (Y.N.)
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Adachi T, Goda H, Shinriki S, Tokuzen N, Kuribayashi N, Hino S, Nakashiro KI, Uchida D. Prognostic Significance of Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e54439. [PMID: 38510850 PMCID: PMC10951754 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often poor despite standard treatments. Additionally, no useful prognostic markers are available. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and prognosis and explore its local and systemic effects in patients with OSCC. Methods Ninety-five new cases of OSCC were included, and the prognosis was compared between high and low serum IL-6 groups. The localization of IL-6 in OSCC tissues was examined. Furthermore, a comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed in OSCC tissues and compared between the two groups. Results A significant difference in overall survival and disease-free survival was observed. Furthermore, a substantial expression of IL-6 was localized in the stroma. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of tumor localization showed increased expression of genes related to oxidoreductase and lipid metabolism in the primary tissues of the group with high serum IL-6 levels. Regarding the correlation between blood tests and serum IL-6 levels, a strong positive correlation was observed between inflammatory responses and nutritional factors. Conclusion These results suggest that serum IL-6 may be a prognostic factor for metabolic abnormalities in patients with OSCC and that aggressive nutritional interventions may contribute to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Adachi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, JPN
| | - Hiroyuki Goda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, JPN
| | - Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JPN
| | - Norihiko Tokuzen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, JPN
| | - Nobuyuki Kuribayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, JPN
| | - Satoshi Hino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, JPN
| | - Koh-Ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, JPN
| | - Daisuke Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, JPN
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He H, Qi R, Cui J, Liu M, Guan B, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hao X, Wang H, Liu H. Lipid characteristics of lung tissue in silicosis rat model were studied based on lipid metabolomics. Toxicol Lett 2024; 391:111-119. [PMID: 38061438 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a common occupational disease caused by the long-term inhalation of large amounts of silica dust. Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the progression of silicosis, but its contributing mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential lipid metabolites and active metabolic pathways in silicosis rat lung tissue. We first constructed a silicosis rat model, and randomly divided 24 male SD rats into control group (C), silicosis group for 1 week (S1W), silicosis group for 2 weeks (S2W) and silicosis group for 4 weeks (S4W) with 6 rats in each group. 1 mL SiO2 suspension (50 mg/mL) or normal saline were injected into the trachea, and the rats were killed at 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. The lung tissue pathology of the rats was observed by HE staining and VG staining, and the plasma TC and FC levels were detected by the kit. Western blot was used to detect the expression of lipid-related factors CD36, PGC1α and LXR. In addition, lipidomics analysis of lung tissue samples was performed using UPLC-IMS-QTOF mass spectrometer to screen out potential differential metabolites in silicosis models and analyze lipid enrichment, and verified the expression of differential gene CHPT1 in the metabolic pathway. HE and VG staining showed that the number of nodules and fibrosis increased in a time-dependent manner in the silicosis model group, and the levels of TC, FC and CE in silicosis plasma increased. Western blot results showed that PGC1α and LXR decreased in the silicosis model group, while CD36 expression increased. In addition, metabolomics screened out 28 differential metabolites in the S1W group, 32 in the S2W group, and 22 in the S4W group, and found that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and ether lipid metabolism, and the expression of differential gene CHPT1 in the metabolic pathway was decreased in the silicosis model group. These results suggest that there are significant changes in lipid metabolites in lung tissue in silicosis rat models, and glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly enriched, suggesting that glycerophospholipids play an important role in the progression of silicosis. The differential metabolites and pathways reported in this study may provide new ideas for the pathogenesis of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan He
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Rong Qi
- School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Bo Guan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yingshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
| | - Heliang Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
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Yun WJ, Zhang L, Yang N, Cui ZG, Jiang HM, Ha MW, Yu DY, Zhao MZ, Zheng HC. FAM64A aggravates proliferation, invasion, lipid droplet formation, and chemoresistance in gastric cancer: A biomarker for aggressiveness and a gene therapy target. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1537-1552. [PMID: 37571819 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
FAM64A is a mitogen-induced regulator of the metaphase and anaphase transition. Here, we found that FAM64A messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels were higher in gastric cancer tissue than in normal mucosa (p < .05). FAM64A methylation was negatively correlated with FAM64A mRNA expression (p < .05). The differentially expressed genes of FAM64A were mainly involved in digestion, potassium transporting or exchanging ATPase, contractile fibers, endopeptidase, and pancreatic secretion (p < .05). The FAM64A-related genes were principally categorized into ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle, chromosome segregation and mitosis, microtubule binding and organization, metabolism of amino acids, cytokine receptors, lipid droplet, central nervous system, and collagen trimer (p < .05). FAM64A protein expression was lower in normal gastric mucosa than intestinal metaplasia, adenoma, and primary cancer (p < .05), negatively correlated with older age, T stage, lymphatic and venous invasion, tumor, node, metastasis stage, and dedifferentiation (p < .05), and associated with a favorable overall survival of gastric cancer patients. FAM64A overexpression promoted proliferation, antiapoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the EGFR/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB, while the opposite effect was observed for FAM64A knockdown. FAM64A also induced chemoresistance directly or indirectly through lipid droplet formation via ING5. These results suggested that upregulation of FAM64A expression might induce aggressive phenotypes, leading to gastric carcinogenesis and its subsequent progression. Thus, FAM64A could be regarded as a prognosis biomarker and a target for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yun
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Min-Wen Ha
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Da-Yong Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Ming-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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Yun WJ, Li J, Yin NC, Zhang CY, Cui ZG, Zhang L, Zheng HC. The promoting effects of GPR176 expression on proliferation, chemoresistance, lipogenesis and invasion of oesophageal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14641-14655. [PMID: 37584712 PMCID: PMC10602955 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor 1 family, the G-protein-coupled receptor 176 (GPR176) gene encodes a glycosylated protein made up of 515 amino acids. The current study was performed to evaluate the impact of GPR176 on the clinicopathology and prognosis of oesophageal cancer, as well as uncover its molecular mechanisms. METHODS Bioinformatics and clinical tissue samples were used to detect the expression and clinicopathological significance of GPR176 in oesophageal cancer. The expression, proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis and lipid droplet formation of GPR176 gene in oesophageal cancer were performed as phenotypic readouts. RESULTS Here, RT-PCR and bioinformatic analyses revealed that GPR176 mRNA expression was significantly higher in oesophageal cancer than in normal mucosa (p < 0.05). GPR176 mRNA expression was associated with low weight and BMI, low T stage, low N and clinicopathological stage, low histological grade and favourable clinical outcome of oesophageal cancer (p < 0.05). The differential genes of GPR176 mRNA were involved in protein digestion and absorption, extracellular matrix constituent, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, among others (p < 0.05). GPR176-related genes were classified as being involved in oxidoreductase activity, actin and myosin complexes, lipid localisation and transport, among others (p < 0.05). GPR176 knockdown suppressed proliferation, anti-apoptotic and anti-pyroptotic properties, migration, invasion, chemoresistance and lipid droplet formation in oesophageal cancer cells (p < 0.05), while ACC1 and ACLY overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of GPR176 silencing on lipid droplet formation and chemoresistance. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that upregulated expression of GPR176 might be involved in oesophageal carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, aggressiveness, and induced chemoresistance by ACC1- and ACLY-mediated lipogenesis and lipid droplet assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Nan-Chang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Cong-Yu Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China.
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Zhang CY, Zhang R, Zhang L, Wang ZM, Sun HZ, Cui ZG, Zheng HC. Regenerating gene 4 promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by affecting lipid droplet synthesis and assembly. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5104-5124. [PMID: 37744296 PMCID: PMC10514755 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerating gene 4 (REG4) has been proved to be carcinogenic in some cancers, but its manifestation and possible carcinogenic mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been elucidated. Our previous study found that the drug resistance of CRC cells may be closely linked to their fat metabolism. AIM To explore the role of REG4 in CRC and its association with lipid droplet formation and chemoresistance. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis and bioinformatics and pathological analyses of REG4 expression in CRC. The effects of REG4 on the phenotypes and related protein expression were also investigated in CRC cells. We detected the impacts of REG4 on the chemoresistance and lipid droplet formation in CRC cells. Finally, we analyzed how REG4 regulated the transcription and proteasomal degradation of lipogenic enzymes in CRC cells. RESULTS Compared to normal mucosa, REG4 mRNA expression was high in CRC (P < 0.05) but protein expression was low. An inverse correlation existed between lymph node and distant metastases, tumor-node-metastasis staging or short overall survival and REG4 mRNA overexpression (P < 0.05), but vice versa for REG4 protein expression. REG4-related genes included: Chemokine activity; taste receptors; protein-DNA and DNA packing complexes; nucleosomes and chromatin; generation of second messenger molecules; programmed cell death signals; epigenetic regulation and DNA methylation; transcription repression and activation by DNA binding; insulin signaling pathway; sugar metabolism and transfer; and neurotransmitter receptors (P < 0.05). REG4 exposure or overexpression promoted proliferation, antiapoptosis, migration, and invasion of DLD-1 cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-nuclear factor-κB pathway. REG4 was involved in chemoresistance not through de novo lipogenesis, but lipid droplet assembly. REG4 inhibited the transcription of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) by disassociating the complex formation of anti-acetyl (AC)-acetyl-histone 3-AC-histone 4-inhibitor of growth protein-5-si histone deacetylase;-sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 in their promoters and induced proteasomal degradation of ACC1 or ACLY. CONCLUSION REG4 may be involved in chemoresistance through lipid droplet assembly. REG4 reduces expression of de novo lipid synthesis key enzymes by inhibiting transcription and promoting ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yu Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zi-Mo Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
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Ma B, Wang J, Yusufu P. Tumor-derived exosome ElNF1-AS1 affects the progression of gastric cancer by promoting M2 polarization of macrophages. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:2228-2239. [PMID: 37310109 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study attempted to investigate the role of exosome ELFN1-AS1 in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS The study used various techniques to determine the level of exosomal ELFN1-AS1 in GC tissue and cells, including quantitative real-time PCR. Pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were employed to identify interactions between ELFN1-AS1 and miR-4644, as well as miR-4644 and PKM. Western blot was employed to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. Several in vitro assays were conducted in xenograft models to investigate the impacts of exosomal ELFN1-AS1 on GC development, metastasis and macrophage polarization. RESULTS ELFN1-AS1 was upregulated in GC tissue and cells, with high enrichment in GC-derived exosomes. Exosomal ELFN1-AS1 enhances the cell abilities and stemness of GC. ELFN1-AS1 targeted and regulated miR-4644, which triggered PKM expression. Exosomal ELFN1-AS1 modulated glycolysis via PKM in an HIF-1α dependent manner in GC, promoting M2 polarization and macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, exosomal ELFN1-AS1 enhanced GC cell growth, metastasis and M2 polarization in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that ELFN1-AS1 could be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Paheredini Yusufu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Kao Y, Chou CH, Huang LC, Tsai CK. Momordicine I suppresses glioma growth by promoting apoptosis and impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. EXCLI J 2023; 22:482-498. [PMID: 37534227 PMCID: PMC10391611 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Patients with GBM have poor survival outcomes. Isolated components of Momordica charantia have anticancer effects. However, the bioactivity of M. charantia extracts against GBM remains unknown. We tested four major extracts of M. charantia and found that momordicine I reduced glioma cell viability without serious cytotoxic effects on astrocytes. Momordicine I suppressed glioma cell colony formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Momordicine I also induced apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and senescence in glioma cells. Moreover, momordicine I decreased the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of glioma cells and inhibited tumor sphere formation in temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM cells. We further explored whether the antiglioma effect of momordicine I may be related to cell cycle modulation and DLGPA5 expression. Our results indicate that the cytotoxic effect of momordicine I on glioma cells suggests its potential therapeutic application to GBM treatment. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kao
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Taipei City University, Taipei 100234, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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10
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Kumari A, Jha A, Tiwari A, Nath N, Kumar A, Nagini S, Mishra R. Role and regulation of GLUT1/3 during oral cancer progression and therapy resistance. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 150:105688. [PMID: 36989865 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether glucose transporter-1/3 (GLUT1/3) increased expression could contribute to oral tumor severity. Furthermore, this study detected whether GLUT1/3 mRNA/protein was associated with oncogenic transcription factors (HIF1α, AP1 and NFκB) and whether by blocking GLUT1 along with cisplatin could sensitize drug-resistant OSCC cells. DESIGN We used 120 post-operated human tissue samples, including 35 primary tumors (PT), 43 invasive tumors (N1-3), 17 recurrent chemoradiation-resistant tumors (RCRT), and 25 PT-adjacent normal tissues (AN). The cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were generated using a drug escalation strategy from parental SCC4/9 cells. The BAY-876 treatment blocked GLUT1 in OSCC cells. Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect various proteins and mRNA. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS GLUT1/3 expression was observed more in PT over AN tissue (PT > AN), N1-3 > PT, and .RCRT > PT. GLUT1 expression was maximum in the RCRT group and CisR-SCC4/9 cells over their parental counterpart, linked with tumor size (p=0.0037) and loco-regional invasiveness (p=0.0422). GLUT1/3 mRNA/protein was correlated (positively) with oncogenic transcription factors (TFs) like HIF1α, AP1 and NFκB. We found the degree of positive correlation of these TFs with GLUT1/3 was in the order c-Jun > HIF1α > Fra-2 > NFκB > c-Fos. Treatment of BAY-876 and cisplatin-induced cell death in both CisR-SCC4/9 cells, possibly by triggering apoptosis and autophagy. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results demonstrated increased GLUT1/3 overexpression linked with oral tumor severity like invasion and therapy resistance, and it was powered mainly by c-Jun (AP1). Blocking GLUT1 receptors and cisplatin application can sensitize CisR-OSCC cells.
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Qiao X, Zhu L, Song R, Shang C, Guo Y. A novel oncogene trigger transposable element derived-1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via evoking immune inhibition. Mol Carcinog 2023. [PMID: 37144838 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) globally. Its incidence rate is rapidly increasing, and its 5-year survival rate remains at 50%, despite advances in medical science. Trigger transposable element-derived 1 (TIGD1) has been found to be upregulated in various cancer types. However, its biological function in OSCC requires further investigation. We searched the Cancer Genome Atlas database using CIBERSORT and TIMER 2.0 to predict the significance of TIGD1 and evaluate its effect on immune cell infiltration. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to determine the biological functions of TIGD1. Gain/loss of function techniques were used to explore the biological behavior of TIGD1 in Cal27 and HSC4 cells. Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect dendritic cell markers in an OSCC and dendritic cell co-culture model. Our results show that TIGD1 is upregulated significantly in OSCC and is closely associated with tumor progression and prognosis. TIGD1 functions as an oncogene by increasing cells proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cell invasion and migration. TIGD1 is also involved in tumor immune cell infiltration. Its overexpression can inhibit dendritic cell maturation, leading to immune suppression and tumor progression. High TIGD1 expression, which promotes OSCC progression, might be related to decreased dendritic cell maturation and activation. These findings suggest that TIGD1-specific small interfering RNA synthesized in vitro could be a new target for OSCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongbo Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Suknoppakit P, Wangteeraprasert A, Simanurak O, Somran J, Parhira S, Pekthong D, Srisawang P. Calotropis gigantea stem bark extract activates HepG2 cell apoptosis through ROS and its effect on cytochrome P450. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16375. [PMID: 37251821 PMCID: PMC10220234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The 95% ethanolic extract of the dry powder of Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea) stem bark was separated by fractionation with different solutions to yield 4 fractions: dichloromethane (CGDCM), ethyl acetate (CGEtOAc), and water (CGW). This research focused on CGDCM-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells with IC50 and above-IC50 values, which provide useful information for future anticancer applications. CGDCM had lower cytotoxicity on normal lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells than on HepG2 cells. Apoptotic induction of CGDCM was mediated by decreased fatty acid and ATP synthesis while increasing reactive oxygen species production. The effects of the four extracts on the activity of the four major CYP450 isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4) were determined using the CYP-specific model activity of each isoform. All four fractions of the extract were shown to be poor inhibitors of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL) and moderate inhibitors of CYP3A4 (IC50 = 56.54-296.9 μg/mL). CGDCM and CGW exerted moderate inhibition activities on CYP2C9 (IC50 = 59.56 and 46.38 μg/mL, respectively), but CGEtOH and CGEtOAc exhibited strong inhibition activities (IC50 = 12.11 and 20.43 μg/mL, respectively). It is proposed that C. gigantea extracts at high doses have potential for further studies to develop alternative anticancer applications. Inhibiting CYP2C9 activity may also lead to drug-herb interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennapha Suknoppakit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | | | - Orakot Simanurak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Chitturi Suryaprakash RT, Shearston K, Farah CS, Fox SA, Iqbal MM, Kadolsky U, Zhong X, Saxena A, Kujan O. A Novel Preclinical In Vitro 3D Model of Oral Carcinogenesis for Biomarker Discovery and Drug Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044096. [PMID: 36835505 PMCID: PMC9967961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of oral carcinogenesis for the rapid, scalable testing of chemotherapeutic agents. Spheroids of normal (HOK) and dysplastic (DOK) human oral keratinocytes were cultured and treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). A 3D invasion assay using Matrigel was performed to validate the model. RNA was extracted and subjected to transcriptomic analysis to validate the model and assess carcinogen-induced changes. The VEGF inhibitors pazopanib and lenvatinib were tested in the model and were validated by a 3D invasion assay, which demonstrated that changes induced by the carcinogen in spheroids were consistent with a malignant phenotype. Further validation was obtained by bioinformatic analyses, which showed the enrichment of pathways associated with hallmarks of cancer and VEGF signalling. Overexpression of common genes associated with tobacco-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), such as MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, YAP1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1, was also observed. Pazopanib and lenvatinib inhibited the invasion of transformed spheroids. In summary, we successfully established a 3D spheroid model of oral carcinogenesis for biomarker discovery and drug testing. This model is a validated preclinical model for OSCC development and would be suitable for testing a range of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Simon A. Fox
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Muhammad Munir Iqbal
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kadolsky
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Mi C, Zhao Y, Ren L, Zhang D. HIF1α/CCL7/KIAA1199 axis mediates hypoxia-induced gastric cancer aggravation and glycolysis alteration. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:225-233. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
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15
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D'Souza LC, Shekher A, Challagundla KB, Sharma A, Gupta SC. Reprogramming of glycolysis by chemical carcinogens during tumor development. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:127-36. [PMID: 36265806 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Indiscriminate usage and mismanagement of chemicals in the agricultural and industrial sectors have contaminated different environmental compartments. Exposure to these persistent and hazardous pollutants like heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides can result in various health adversities, including cancer. Chemical carcinogens follow a similar pattern of carcinogenesis, like oxidative stress, chromosomal aberration, DNA double-strand break, mismatch repair, and misregulation of oncogenic and/or tumor suppressors. Out of several cancer-associated endpoints, cellular metabolic homeostasis is the commonest to be deregulated upon chemical exposure. Chemical carcinogens hamper glycolytic reprogramming to fuel the malignant transformation of the cells and/or promote cancer progression. Several regulators like Akt, ERK, Ras, c-Myc, HIF-1α, and p53 regulate glycolysis in chemical-induced carcinogenesis. However, the deregulation of the anabolic biochemistry of glucose during chemical-induced carcinogenesis remains to be uncovered. This review comprehensively covers the environmental chemical-induced glycolytic shift during carcinogenesis and its mechanism. The focus is also to fill the major gaps associated with understanding the fairy tale between environmental carcinogens and metabolic reprogramming. Although evidence from studies regarding glycolytic reprogramming in chemical carcinogenesis provides valuable insights into cancer therapy, exposure to a mixture of toxicants and their mechanism of inducing carcinogenesis still needs to be studied.
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Wang S, Yuan T, Yang H, Zhou X, Cao J. Effect of complete high-caloric nutrition on the nutritional status and survival rate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients after gastrostomy. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:7842-7851. [PMID: 36505314 PMCID: PMC9730112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Complete high-caloric nutrition is emerging as an instrument for dietary intervention in disease prevention. Our aim was to evaluate the beneficial effects of complete high-caloric nutrition on nutritional status and prognosis in ALS patients undergoing percutaneous gastrostomy. METHODS Forty patients with ALS following percutaneous gastrostomy were randomized to receive either routine diet alone (the control group) or complete high-caloric nutrition combined with routine diet (the Ensure group) for six months. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), nutritional indicator proteins, lipid levels and total lymphocyte count were measured before intervention and after six months of intervention. At 12 months of follow-up, Kaplan-Meier survival was generated to evaluate the beneficial effects of complete high-caloric nutrition on prognosis. RESULTS After adjustment for baseline, compared with routine diet, body weight, total lymphocyte count and nutritional indicator proteins including transferrin, albumin, hemoglobin, and prealbumin were significantly increased at six months of intervention (all P<0.05). However, we found no significant changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or BMI during the intervention in either group (all P>0.05). Interestingly, the cumulative survival rate of ALS patients in the Ensure group was significantly better than that of ALS patients in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study suggest that high-caloric nutrition offers potential for improvement of nutritional status and prolonged life. However, no evidence was found for a blood lipid-improving effect of complete high-caloric nutrition.
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Zhao Y, Chard Dunmall LS, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Si L. Natural products targeting glycolysis in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036502. [PMID: 36386122 PMCID: PMC9663463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many energy metabolism pathways exist in cancer, including glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. Tumor cells mainly generate energy through glycolysis to maintain growth and biosynthesis of tumor cells under aerobic conditions. Natural products regulate many steps in glycolysis and targeting glycolysis using natural products is a promising approach to cancer treatment. In this review, we exemplify the relationship between glycolysis and tumors, demonstrate the natural products that have been discovered to target glycolysis for cancer treatment and clarify the mechanisms involved in their actions. Natural products, such as resveratrol mostly found in red grape skin, licochalcone A derived from root of Glycyrrhiza inflate, and brusatol found in Brucea javanica and Brucea mollis, largely derived from plant or animal material, can affect glycolysis pathways in cancer by targeting glycolytic enzymes and related proteins, oncogenes, and numerous glycolytic signal proteins. Knowledge of how natural products regulate aerobic glycolysis will help illuminate the mechanisms by which these products can be used as therapeutics to inhibit cancer cell growth and regulate cellular metabolism. Systematic Review Registration: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, https://clinicaltrials.gov/, http://lib.zzu.edu.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lingling Si
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Miao X, Wang B, Chen K, Ding R, Wu J, Pan Y, Ji P, Ye B, Xiang M. Perspectives of lipid metabolism reprogramming in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An overview. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1008361. [PMID: 36185215 PMCID: PMC9524856 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1008361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that lipid metabolism reprogramming contributes to tumorigenicity and malignancy by interfering energy production, membrane formation, and signal transduction in cancers. HNSCCs are highly reliant on aerobic glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism reprogramming in HNSCCs remains obscure. The present review summarizes and discusses the “vital” cellular signaling roles of the lipid metabolism reprogramming in HNSCCs. We also address the differences between HNSCCs regions caused by anatomical heterogeneity. We enumerate these recent findings into our current understanding of lipid metabolism reprogramming in HNSCCs and introduce the new and exciting therapeutic implications of targeting the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwan Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilin Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingliang Xiang, ; Bin Ye,
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingliang Xiang, ; Bin Ye,
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Liu J, Zhang F, Zhong J, Zheng Z, Li S. Signature and Molecular Mechanism of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Pathway-Related Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Disease Markers 2022; 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36046378 PMCID: PMC9423994 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3201600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The mitochondrial energy metabolic pathway (MEMP) is the primary energy metabolism of tumor cells, and its disruption may promote cancer emergence, spreading, and immune escape. However, there is a lack of studies to determine the relationship between relevant functional mechanisms and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognosis. Methods Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to determine MEMP pathway-related genes. Then, a prognostic model was created using the MEMP key genes that were found by LASSO-Cox regression analysis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases provided the training and validation sets. Furthermore, the infiltration of immune cells was examined by ssGSEA. Finally, a screening of candidate therapeutic compounds for LUAD patients was performed using DrugBank, Protein Data Bank (PDB), and AutoDock Vina databases. Results First, 266 MEMP pathway-related genes that exhibited aberrant activity in tumors were identified. Then, 19 MEMP key genes were used to build a prognostic model, which can successfully predict the survival rates of LUAD patients after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients in the high-risk group had considerably lower survival outcomes than those in the low-risk group. Furthermore, it was discovered that the high-risk group had the majority of activated T cells, while the low-risk group tended to have more other activated immune cells. The majority of immunological checkpoints expressed themselves more strongly in the high-risk group as well. Finally, 11 prospective medication small molecules were obtained from the projected potential therapeutic drugs, with DB0980 being regarded as the most promising of them for the treatment of LUAD. Conclusion This current study developed reliable prognostic signature, called MEMP score, which provides new guidance for prognostic assessment, immunotherapy, and drug development in LUAD. Thereby, DB0980 appears to be the most likely approach for the treatment of LUAD.
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Qu D, Zou X, Liu Z. Propofol modulates glycolysis reprogramming of ovarian tumor via restraining circular RNA-zinc finger RNA-binding protein/microRNA-212-5p/superoxide dismutase 2 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11881-11892. [PMID: 35543376 PMCID: PMC9275929 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming refers to the transformation of the whole metabolic network covering glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, which is primarily manifested as the Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. Propofol (Pro) has been testified to suppress the malignancy of diversified human cancers. Nevertheless, its role in glycolysis is still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Pro modulated glycolysis in ovarian cancer (OC) cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were tested via CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays, respectively, and glucose intake, lactic acid, and ATP production were also determined. Pro restrained glycolysis via mediating the circular RNA-zinc finger RNA-binding protein (ZFR)/microRNA (miR)-212-5p/superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) axis. Additionally, Pro restrained cancer cell advancement via modulating circ-ZFR/miR-212-5p/SOD2 axis. In short, Pro restrained glycolysis via mediating the circ-ZFR/miR-212-5p/SOD2 axis. These results offered a better theoretical foundation for comprehending the molecular pathology of OC and provided a novel target for OC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongDong Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Women's and Children's Hospital, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - ZhiLin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
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Wu Z, Wang H, Shi Z, Li Y, Cui Q. Propofol Prevents the Growth, Migration, Invasion, and Glycolysis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Downregulating Lactate Dehydrogenase Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Journal of Oncology 2022; 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35535311 PMCID: PMC9078837 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8317466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide and has high rates of morbidity and mortality. Propofol has been reported to have certain anticancer properties. However, the role and mechanism of propofol in CRC are not entirely clear. CRC cells were treated with propofol and/or LDH-overexpression plasmids, and a mouse xenograft model of CRC was also established and treated with propofol. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays; the expression of related proteins was confirmed by western blotting; indexes of the glycolytic pathway were analyzed using specialized kits; tumor growth in mice was measured; pathological tissue structure was assessed by H&E staining; and 8-OHDG expression was determined by an immunochemistry assay. Our results verified that propofol could effectively prevent the malignant behaviors of CRC cells by suppressing cell viability, migration, and invasion and accelerating apoptosis. We also discovered that propofol could attenuate the glycolytic pathway in CRC cells. Moreover, we proved that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was required for the inhibitory effects of propofol on the growth of CRC cells, including glycolysis in CRC cells. Furthermore, our results showed that propofol could not only significantly inhibit tumor growth and glycolysis, but also ameliorate the pathological structure of CRC tumors. The current results proved that propofol could attenuate the malignant progression of CRC by preventing LDH activity, suggesting that propofol might be an effective therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Zhang L, Zhao S, Liu Y, Lv F, Geng X. Identification and validation of transcription factor-driven enhancers of genes related to lipid metabolism in metastatic oral squamous cell carcinomas. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:126. [PMID: 35428233 PMCID: PMC9013160 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role and mechanisms of lipid metabolism in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) metastasis have not been clarified. This study aims to identify lipid metabolism-related genes and transcription factors regulated by metastasis-associated enhancers (MAEs) in OSCC. Methods Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were performed for lipid metabolism enrichment. TCGA data were used to analyze the differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes. MAEs were analyzed using GSE120634. Overlapping analysis was used to screen the MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes, and the prognosis of these genes was analyzed. Transcription factor prediction was performed for the MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes with prognostic value. Validation of the metastatic specificity of MAEs at ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA locus was performed using GSE88976 and GSE120634. ChIP-qPCR, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the regulation of ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA expression by CBFB. Effects of CBFB knockdown on proliferation, invasion and lipid synthesis in metastatic OSCC cells were analyzed. Results Lipid metabolism was significantly enhanced in metastatic OSCC compared to non-metastatic OSCC. The expression of 276 lipid metabolism-related genes was significantly upregulated in metastatic OSCC, which were functionally related to lipid uptake, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and sterols metabolism. A total of 6782 MAEs and 176 MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes were filtered. Three MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes, ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA, were associated with a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Enhancers at ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA locus were metastasis-specific enhancers. CBFB regulated ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA expression by binding to the enhancers of these genes. Knockdown of CBFB inhibited proliferation, invasion and lipid synthesis in metastatic OSCC cells. Conclusion The MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes (ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA) and the key transcription factor (CBFB) were identified. CBFB knockdown inhibited proliferation, invasion and lipid synthesis of OSCC cells. These findings provide novel candidates for the development of therapeutic targets for OSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02157-7.
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De Filippis C, Napoli B, Rigon L, Guarato G, Bauer R, Tomanin R, Orso G. Drosophila D-idua Reduction Mimics Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Disease-Related Phenotypes. Cells 2021; 11:129. [PMID: 35011691 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficit of the IDUA (α-L-iduronidase) enzyme causes the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a rare pediatric neurometabolic disease, due to pathological variants in the IDUA gene and is characterized by the accumulation of the undegraded mucopolysaccharides heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate into lysosomes, with secondary cellular consequences that are still mostly unclarified. Here, we report a new fruit fly RNAi-mediated knockdown model of a IDUA homolog (D-idua) displaying a phenotype mimicking some typical molecular features of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSD). In this study, we showed that D-idua is a vital gene in Drosophila and that ubiquitous reduction of its expression leads to lethality during the pupal stage, when the precise degradation/synthesis of macromolecules, together with a functional autophagic pathway, are indispensable for the correct development to the adult stage. Tissue-specific analysis of the D-idua model showed an increase in the number and size of lysosomes in the brain and muscle. Moreover, the incorrect acidification of lysosomes led to dysfunctional lysosome-autophagosome fusion and the consequent block of autophagy flux. A concomitant metabolic drift of glycolysis and lipogenesis pathways was observed. After starvation, D-idua larvae showed a quite complete rescue of both autophagy/lysosome phenotypes and metabolic alterations. Metabolism and autophagy are strictly interconnected vital processes that contribute to maintain homeostatic control of energy balance, and little is known about this regulation in LSDs. Our results provide new starting points for future investigations on the disease’s pathogenic mechanisms and possible pharmacological manipulations.
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Pai S, Yadav VK, Kuo KT, Pikatan NW, Lin CS, Chien MH, Lee WH, Hsiao M, Chiu SC, Yeh CT, Tsai JT. PDK1 Inhibitor BX795 Improves Cisplatin and Radio-Efficacy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Downregulating the PDK1/CD47/Akt-Mediated Glycolysis Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11492. [PMID: 34768921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a high prevalence and predicted global mortality rate of 67.1%, necessitating better therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the recurrence and resistance of OSCC after chemo/radioresistance remains a major bottleneck for its effective treatment. Molecular targeting is one of the new therapeutic approaches to target cancer. Among a plethora of targetable signaling molecules, PDK1 is currently rising as a potential target for cancer therapy. Its aberrant expression in many malignancies is observed associated with glycolytic re-programming and chemo/radioresistance. Methods: Furthermore, to better understand the role of PDK1 in OSCC, we analyzed tissue samples from 62 patients with OSCC for PDK1 expression. Combining in silico and in vitro analysis approaches, we determined the important association between PDK1/CD47/LDHA expression in OSCC. Next, we analyzed the effect of PDK1 expression and its connection with OSCC orosphere generation and maintenance, as well as the effect of the combination of the PDK1 inhibitor BX795, cisplatin and radiotherapy in targeting it. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that higher PDK1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in OSCC. The immunoprecipitation assay indicated PDK1/CD47 binding. PDK1 ligation significantly impaired OSCC orosphere formation and downregulated Sox2, Oct4, and CD133 expression. The combination of BX795 and cisplatin markedly reduced in OSCC cell’s epithelial-mesenchymal transition, implying its synergistic effect. p-PDK1, CD47, Akt, PFKP, PDK3 and LDHA protein expression were significantly reduced, with the strongest inhibition in the combination group. Chemo/radiotherapy together with abrogation of PDK1 inhibits the oncogenic (Akt/CD47) and glycolytic (LDHA/PFKP/PDK3) signaling and, enhanced or sensitizes OSCC to the anticancer drug effect through inducing apoptosis and DNA damage together with metabolic reprogramming. Conclusions: Therefore, the results from our current study may serve as a basis for developing new therapeutic strategies against chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
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Yang M, Luo Q, Chen X, Chen F. Bitter melon derived extracellular vesicles enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce the drug resistance of 5-fluorouracil on oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:259. [PMID: 34454534 PMCID: PMC8400897 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have been exploited for cancer treatment with several benefits. Bitter melon is cultivated as a vegetable and folk medicine with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used for cancer treatment. However, 5-FU-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammation activation induced the resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells to 5-FU. In this study, we explored the potential of bitter melon-derived extracellular vesicles (BMEVs) for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the resistance of OSCC to 5-FU. Results Herein, we demonstrate that bitter melon derived extracellular vesicles (BMEVs), in addition to their antitumor activity against OSCC have intrinsic anti-inflammatory functions. BMEVs induced S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Apoptosis induction was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and JUN protein upregulation, since pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine or catechin hydrate could prevent apoptosis and JUN accumulation, respectively. Surprisingly, BMEVs significantly downregulated NLRP3 expression, although ROS plays a central role in NLRP3 activation. We further assessed the underlying molecular mechanism and proposed that the RNAs of BMEVs, at least in part, mediate anti-inflammatory bioactivity. In our previous studies, NLRP3 activation contributed to the resistance of OSCC cells to 5-FU. Our data clearly indicate that BMEVs could exert a remarkable synergistic therapeutic effect of 5-FU against OSCC both in vitro and in vivo. Most notably, NLRP3 downregulation reduced the resistance of OSCC to 5-FU. Conclusions Together, our findings demonstrate a novel approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the drug resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, which provides proof-of-concept evidence for the future development of PDEVs-enhanced therapy. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00995-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqiong Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Prakash S, Radha, Kumar M, Kumari N, Thakur M, Rathour S, Pundir A, Sharma AK, Bangar SP, Dhumal S, Singh S, Thiyagarajan A, Sharma A, Sharma M, Changan S, Sasi M, Senapathy M, Pradhan PC, Garg NK, Ilakiya T, Nitin M, Abdel-Daim MM, Puri S, Natta S, Dey A, Amarowicz R, Mekhemar M. Plant-Based Antioxidant Extracts and Compounds in the Management of Oral Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1358. [PMID: 34572990 PMCID: PMC8466097 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is particularly high in developing countries, where people chew tobacco and betel nut on a regular basis. Radiation-, chemo-, targeted-, immuno-, and hormone-based therapies along with surgery are commonly used as part of a treatment plan. However, these treatments frequently result in various unwanted short- to long-term side effects. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop treatment options for oral cancer that have little or no adverse effects. Numerous bioactive compounds derived from various plants have recently attracted attention as therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Antioxidants found in medicinal plants, such as vitamins E, C, and A, reduce damage to the mucosa by neutralizing free radicals found in various oral mucosal lesions. Phytochemicals found in medicinal plants have the potential to modulate cellular signalling pathways that alter the cellular defence mechanisms to protect normal cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various medicinal plants and phytoconstituents that have shown the potential to be used as oral cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Prakash
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Mamta Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Rathour
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Ashok Pundir
- School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Abhishek Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition, & Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India;
| | - Surinder Singh
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Anitha Thiyagarajan
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam 625604, India;
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni 173230, India;
| | - Munisha Sharma
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru 560004, India;
| | - Sushil Changan
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India;
| | - Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, SNNPR, Ethiopia;
| | - Prakash Chandra Pradhan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Nitin Kumar Garg
- Division of Biochemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner 303329, India;
| | - Tamilselvan Ilakiya
- Department of Vegetable Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India;
| | - Mukesh Nitin
- Department of Tech. Biosciences, Digianalix, South Samaj Street, Tharpakhna, Ranchi 834001, India;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Phamaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Suman Natta
- ICAR—National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong 737106, India;
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India;
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Winitchaikul T, Sawong S, Surangkul D, Srikummool M, Somran J, Pekthong D, Kamonlakorn K, Nangngam P, Parhira S, Srisawang P. Calotropis gigantea stem bark extract induced apoptosis related to ROS and ATP production in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254392. [PMID: 34343190 PMCID: PMC8330925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancer (CRC) cause systemic side effects and eventually become less efficacious owing to the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Therefore, new therapeutic regimens have focused on the use of natural products. The anticancer activity of several parts of Calotropis gigantea has been reported; however, the effects of its stem bark extract on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation have not yet been examined. In this study, the anticancer activity of C. gigantea stem bark extract, both alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was evaluated. A crude ethanolic extract was prepared from dry, powdered C. gigantea barks using 95% ethanol. This was then partitioned to obtain dichloromethane (CGDCM), ethyl acetate, and water fractions. Quantitative analysis of the constituent secondary metabolites and calotropin was performed. These fractions exhibited cytotoxicity in HCT116 and HT-29 cells, with CGDCM showing the highest potency in both the cell lines. A combination of CGDCM and 5-FU significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect. Moreover, the resistance of normal fibroblast, HFF-1, cells to this combination demonstrated its safety in normal cells. The combination significantly enhanced apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Additionally, the combination reduced adenosine triphosphate production and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, demonstrating the mechanisms involved in the induction of apoptosis. Our results suggest that CGDCM is a promising anti-cancer agent and may enhance apoptosis induction by 5-FU in the treatment of CRC, while minimizing toxicity toward healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanwarat Winitchaikul
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Suphunwadee Sawong
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kittiya Kamonlakorn
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pranee Nangngam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (SP); (PS)
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (SP); (PS)
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Li L, Liu P, Xie Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Geng Y, Zhang L. Xanthatin inhibits human colon cancer cells progression via mTOR signaling mediated energy metabolism alteration. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:119-130. [PMID: 34180556 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit higher glycolysis and rely on abnormal energy metabolism to produce ATP, which is essential for cell proliferation and migration. Abnormal energy metabolism inhibition is considered a promising tumor treatment strategy. Xanthatin is an active sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Xanthium strumarium L. This study evaluated the effect of xanthatin on the energy metabolism of human colon cancer cells. The results showed that xanthatin significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of human HT-29 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. We found that xanthatin effectively reduced the production of ATP and promoted the accumulation of lactate. Xanthatin inhibited glycolysis which may be related to the reduction of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) mRNA and protein levels. Concomitantly, xanthatin promoted complex II activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), resulting in mitochondrial damage and cell death in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, xanthatin inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR, the phosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and c-myc in HT-29 cells. Moreover, rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, could enhance the cytotoxicity effect in xanthatin treated HT-29 cells. Additionally, HT-29 cells transfected with si-mTOR aggravated xanthatin induced cell viability inhibition. Based on these results, we observed that the effect of xanthatin on energy metabolism may be related to its inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway. Collectively, this study provides important insights into xanthatin's anticancer effect, which occurs by regulation of the energy metabolism of human colon cancer cells, and suggest that xanthatin has potential as a botanical drug against abnormal tumor energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yadi Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Sur S, Steele R, Isbell TS, Venkata KN, Rateb ME, Ray RB. Momordicine-I, a Bitter Melon Bioactive Metabolite, Displays Anti-Tumor Activity in Head and Neck Cancer Involving c-Met and Downstream Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13. [PMID: 33801016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, and treatments are quite challenging due to the difficulty in early diagnosis, lack of effective chemotherapeutic drugs, adverse side effects and therapy resistance. We identified momordicine-I (M-I), a bioactive secondary metabolite in bitter melon (Momordica charantia), by performing liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) analysis. M-I inhibited human HNC cell (JHU022, JHU029, Cal27) viability in a dose-dependent manner without an apparent toxic effect on normal oral keratinocytes. Mechanistic studies showed that M-I inhibited c-Met and its downstream signaling molecules c-Myc, survivin, and cyclin D1 through the inactivation of STAT3 in HNC cells. We further observed that M-I was non-toxic and stable in mouse (male C57Bl/6) blood, and a favorable pharmacokinetics profile was observed after IP administration. M-I treatment reduced HNC xenograft tumor growth in nude mice and inhibited c-Met and downstream signaling. Thus, M-I has potential therapeutic implications against HNC.
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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common lethal malignancies which is increasing rapidly in the world. Increasing risks from alcohol and tobacco habits, lack of early detection markers, lack of effective chemotherapeutic agents, recurrence and distant metastasis make the disease more complicated to manage. Laboratory-based studies and epidemiological studies indicate important roles of nutraceuticals to manage different cancers. The plant bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a good source of nutrients and bio-active phytochemicals such as triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lectins, sterols and proteins. The plant is widely grown in Asia, Africa, and South America. Bitter melon has traditionally been used as a folk medicine and Ayurvedic medicine in Asian culture to treat diseases such as diabetes, since ancient times. The crude extract and some of the isolated pure compounds of bitter melon show potential anticancer effects against different cancers. In this review, we shed light on its effect on OSCC. Bitter melon extract has been found to inhibit cell proliferation and metabolism, induce cell death and enhance the immune defense system in the prevention of OSCC in vitro and in vivo. Thus, bitter melon may be used as an attractive chemopreventive agent in progression towards OSCC clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Cancer Center, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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31
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Wang Y. Applications of Lipidomics in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1316:25-39. [PMID: 33740241 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have many critical biological functions in cancer. There are characteristic changes of lipid metabolism and metabolites in different physiological and pathological processes. Lipidomics is an emerging discipline of metabolomics for systematic analysis of lipids in organisms, tissues, or cells and the molecules that interact with them. With the development of new analytical techniques, especially the application and development of mass spectrometry techniques, the determination of lipids can be carried out quickly and accurately and has a high throughput. A large number of studies have shown that abnormal lipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The application of lipidomics technology can reveal changes in lipids and relative abnormal metabolic pathways associated with tumors. Moreover, it shows a wide range of application prospects in the identification of tumor lipid biomarkers, early tumor diagnosis, and the discovery of antitumor drug targets. This chapter mainly introduces the application and development direction of lipidomics in the diagnosis and therapy of different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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Sur S, Nakanishi H, Steele R, Zhang D, Varvares MA, Ray RB. Long non-coding RNA ELDR enhances oral cancer growth by promoting ILF3-cyclin E1 signaling. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51042. [PMID: 33043604 PMCID: PMC7726807 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer with a 5-year overall survival rate of 50%. Thus, there is a critical need to understand the disease process, and to identify improved therapeutic strategies. Previously, we found the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) EGFR long non-coding downstream RNA (ELDR) induced in a mouse tongue cancer model; however, its functional role in human oral cancer remained unknown. Here, we show that ELDR is highly expressed in OSCC patient samples and in cell lines. Overexpression of ELDR in normal non-tumorigenic oral keratinocytes induces cell proliferation, colony formation, and PCNA expression. We also show that ELDR depletion reduces OSCC cell proliferation and PCNA expression. Proteomics data identifies the RNA binding protein ILF3 as an interacting partner of ELDR. We further show that the ELDR-ILF3 axis regulates Cyclin E1 expression and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein. Intratumoral injection of ELDR-specific siRNA reduces OSCC and PDX tumor growth in mice. These findings provide molecular insight into the role of ELDR in oral cancer and demonstrate that targeting ELDR has promising therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of PathologySaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | - Robert Steele
- Department of PathologySaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of BiologySaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Saint Louis University Cancer CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of PathologySaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMOUSA
- Saint Louis University Cancer CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
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Zeng Z, Lan J, Lei S, Yang Y, He Z, Xue Y, Chen T. Simultaneous Inhibition of Ornithine Decarboxylase 1 and Pyruvate Kinase M2 Exerts Synergistic Effects Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11697-11709. [PMID: 33244237 PMCID: PMC7683510 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously, we showed that lactate promoted the proliferation and mobility of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by increasing the expression of ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1). In this study, we determined the relationship between ODC1 and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2, a key lactate metabolism enzyme), and determined the combined effects of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; an ODC1 inhibitor) and compound 3k (a PKM2 inhibitor) on HCC cells. Methods First, the relationship between PKM2 and ODC1 was analyzed using Western blotting, Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assays, transwell assays, bioinformatics, quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemical staining. Thereafter, the ODC1 inhibitor DFMO and the PKM2 inhibitor compound 3k were employed. Their combined effects on HCC cell proliferation and mobility were evaluated via CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in mice, wound healing assays, and transwell assays. Additionally, the effects of DFMO and compound 3k on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype and the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway were explored using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results PKM2 knockdown significantly decreased the ODC1 expression, and the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells, while ODC1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of PKM2 knockdown. Similarly, inhibition of ODC1 also decreased the expression of PKM2 via reducing the c-myc-induced transcription. PKM2 was co-expressed with ODC1 in HCC samples, while simultaneously upregulated PKM2 and ODC1 led to the poorest survival outcome. DFMO and compound 3k synergistically inhibited HCC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed cell mobility, as well as the EMT phenotype and the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. The AKT activator SC79 reversed the inhibitory effects. Conclusion PKM2/ODC1 are involved in a positive feedback loop. The simultaneous inhibition of ODC1 and PKM2 using DFMO and compound 3k exerts synergistic effects against HCC cells via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Thus, DFMO combined with compound 3k may be a novel effective strategy for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Zeng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Lan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lei
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xue
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, People's Republic of China
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Liao Y, Zhao T, Li LY, Wang FQ. Elevated Sad1 and UNC84 Domain Containing 2 (SUN2) level inhibits cell growth and aerobic glycolysis in oral cancer through reducing the expressions of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). J Dent Sci 2021; 16:460-6. [PMID: 33384835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oral cancer is a malignant tumor accompanied by high morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the percise regulation mechanisms underlying oral cancer. Sad1 and UNC84 Domain Containing 2 (SUN2) was considered as a tumor suppressor in some cancers. The purpose of the study was to define the role of SUN2 in oral cancer progression. Materials and methods Tumor tissues and paired paracancerous healthy tissues from 56 oral cancer patients were collected. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The colony formation assay was applied to determine cell proliferation ability. The mRNA and protein levels were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results SUN2 expression was decreased in oral cancer tissues and cell models. SUN2 overexpression suppressed the growth of oral cancer cells, while the down-regulation of SUN2 promoted cell growth. SUN2 overexpression restrained the glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP level of oral cancer cells, whereas down-regulation of SUN2 promoted glycolysis. Besides, elevated SUN2 inhibited the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) levels. However, SUN2 knockdown increased the levels of GLUT1 and LDHA. Conclusion SUN2 was decreased in oral cancer in vivo and in vitro. SUN2 overexpression suppressed cell growth and glycolysis via reducing the levels of GLUT1 and LDHA in oral cancer.
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Chen J, Wu D, Dong Z, Chen A, Liu S. The expression and role of glycolysis-associated molecules in infantile hemangioma. Life Sci 2020; 259:118215. [PMID: 32768579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common tumors in infancy, which etiology and pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, hypoxia and abnormal glucose metabolism is regarded as critical pathogenic factors. This study investigated the expression and function of glycolysis-associated molecules (GLUT1, HK2, PFKFB3, PKM2, and LDHA) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions to further understand the pathogenesis of IH. MAIN METHODS Hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs) were isolated from proliferating phase infantile hemangiomas and identified by immunofluorescence. HemECs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. RNA and protein expression of glycolysis-associated molecules were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Glucose consumption, ATP production and lactate production were measured. Glycolysis-associated molecules were inhibited by WZB117, 3BP, 3PO, SKN, and GSK 2837808A and the resulting effects on HemECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation were quantified. KEY FINDINGS Glycolysis-associated molecules were highly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in HemECs compared with HUVECs (P < 0.05). Glucose consumption and ATP production were higher in HemECs than in HUVECs, while lactate production in HemECs was lower than in HUVECs (P < 0.05). Inhibition of some glycolysis-associated molecules reduced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacity of HemECs (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that glycolysis-associated molecules were highly expressed in IH. Glucose metabolismin HemECs differed from normal endothelial cells. Altering the expression of glycolysis-associated molecules may influence the phenotype of HemECs and provide new therapeutic approaches to the successful treatment of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zuoqing Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Sur S, Ray RB. Bitter Melon ( Momordica Charantia), a Nutraceutical Approach for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2064. [PMID: 32726914 PMCID: PMC7464160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many dietary plant products show promising anticancer effects. Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a nutrient-rich medicinal plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of many countries. Traditionally, bitter melon is used as a folk medicine and contains many bioactive components including triterpenoids, triterpene glycoside, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lectins, sterols and proteins that show potential anticancer activity without significant side effects. The preventive and therapeutic effects of crude extract or isolated components are studied in cell line-based models and animal models of multiple types of cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in testing the cancer preventive and therapeutic activity of bitter melon with a focus on underlying molecular mechanisms. The crude extract and its components prevent many types of cancers by enhancing reactive oxygen species generation; inhibiting cancer cell cycle, cell signaling, cancer stem cells, glucose and lipid metabolism, invasion, metastasis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis; inducing apoptosis and autophagy cell death, and enhancing the immune defense. Thus, bitter melon may serve as a promising cancer preventive and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
- Cancer Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Tomşa AM, Picoş A, Picoş AM, Răchişan AL. Mitochondrial nanotargeting in malignancies (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3444-3451. [PMID: 32905128 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies represent a burden for the health system worldwide. Treating them represents a challenge through the prism of the cancer cell behaviour and the serious systemic side effects that usually occur. Both traditional (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery) and associated therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy) have reached a plateau. The new trend for the management of malignancies includes nanoparticles (NPs) which are studied for both their diagnostic and therapeutical use. NPs can be designed in various ways, many of them targeting mitochondria causing cellular apoptosis. This review summarizes the main characteristics of NPs that are studied in different cancers to highlight their mechanism of action. Since mitochondria play a key role in the cellular homeostasis, they represent the main target for the experimental current studies. While there are NPs approved by the FDA for clinical use, most of them are still under extended research and still need to prove their efficacy and biocompatibility, preferable with minimal systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Magdalena Tomşa
- Department of Mother and Child, Second Pediatric Clinic, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Picoş
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Monica Picoş
- Department of Prosthetics and Dental Materials, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Liana Răchişan
- Department of Mother and Child, Second Pediatric Clinic, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Anwar S, Mohammad T, Shamsi A, Queen A, Parveen S, Luqman S, Hasan GM, Alamry KA, Azum N, Asiri AM, Hassan MI. Discovery of Hordenine as a Potential Inhibitor of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 3: Implication in Lung Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E119. [PMID: 32422877 PMCID: PMC7277448 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and development of potential pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3) inhibitors have gained attention because of their possible therapeutic uses in lung cancer therapy. In the present study, the binding affinity of naturally occurring alkaloids, hordenine, vincamine, tryptamine, cinchonine, and colcemid was measured with PDK3. The molecular docking and fluorescence binding studies suggested that all these compounds show a considerable binding affinity for PDK3. Among them, the affinity of hordenine to the PDK3 was excellent (K = 106 M-1) which was further complemented by isothermal titration calorimetric measurements. Hordenine binds in the active site pocket of PDK3 and forms a significant number of non-covalent interactions with functionally important residues. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study suggested that the PDK3-hordenine complex is stabilized throughout the trajectory of 100ns and leads to fewer conformational changes. The enzyme inhibition studies showed that hordenine inhibits the activity of PDK3 with an IC50 value of 5.4 µM. Furthermore, hordenine showed a cytotoxic effect on human lung cancer cells (A549 and H1299) with an admirable IC50 value. However, it did not inhibit the growth of HEK293 cells up to 200 µM, indicating its non-toxicity to non-cancerous cell lines. In summary, our findings provide the basis for the therapeutic implication of hordenine and its derivatives in lung cancer and PDK3-related diseases after required in vivo validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.A.); (T.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.A.); (T.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.A.); (T.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Aarfa Queen
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India; (S.P.); (S.L.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India; (S.P.); (S.L.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid A. Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Naved Azum
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (N.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.A.); (T.M.); (A.S.)
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Sur S, Nakanishi H, Flaveny C, Ippolito JE, McHowat J, Ford DA, Ray RB. Correction to: Inhibition of the key metabolic pathways, glycolysis and lipogenesis, of oral cancer by bitter melon extract. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:151. [PMID: 31744502 PMCID: PMC6864944 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Colin Flaveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jane McHowat
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Biochemistry and Molecular, Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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