1
|
Yun WJ, Li J, Yin NC, Zhang CY, Cui ZG, Zhang L, Zheng HC. The facilitating effects of KRT80 on chemoresistance, lipogenesis, and invasion of esophageal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2302162. [PMID: 38241178 PMCID: PMC10802210 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2302162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin 80 (KRT80) is a filament protein that makes up one of the major structural fibers of epithelial cells, and involved in cell differentiation and epithelial barrier integrity. Here, KRT80 mRNA expression was found to be higher in esophageal cancer than normal epithelium by RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis (p < .05), opposite to KRT80 methylation (p < .05). There was a negative relationship between promoter methylation and expression level of KRT80 gene in esophageal cancer (p < .05). KRT80 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the differentiation, infiltration of immune cells, and poor prognosis of esophageal cancer (p < .05). KRT80 mRNA expression was positively linked to no infiltration of immune cells, the short survival time of esophageal cancers (p < .05). The differential genes of KRT80 mRNA were involved in fat digestion and metabolism, peptidase inhibitor, and intermediate filament, desosome, keratinocyte differentiation, epidermis development, keratinization, ECM regulator, complement cascade, metabolism of vitamins and co-factor (p < .05). KRT-80-related genes were classified into endocytosis, cell adhesion molecule binding, cadherin binding, cell-cell junction, cell leading edge, epidermal cell differentiation and development, T cell differentiation and receptor complex, plasma membrane receptor complex, external side of plasma membrane, metabolism of amino acids and catabolism of small molecules, and so forth (p < .05). KRT80 knockdown suppressed anti-apoptosis, anti-pyroptosis, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and lipogenesis in esophageal cancer cells (p < .05), while ACC1 and ACLY overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of KRT80 on lipogenesis and chemoresistance. These findings indicated that up-regulated expression of KRT80 might be involved in esophageal carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, aggravate aggressive phenotypes, and induced chemoresistance by lipid droplet assembly and ACC1- and ACLY-mediated lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Nan-Chang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cong-Yu Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wan H, Teh MT, Mastroianni G, Ahmad US. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Desmoglein-3 as a Potential Oncogene in Oral Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2710. [PMID: 38067138 PMCID: PMC10705960 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of desmoglein-3 (DSG3) in oncogenesis is unclear. This study aimed to uncover molecular mechanisms through comparative transcriptome analysis in oral cancer cells, defining potential key genes and associated biological processes related to DSG3 expression. Four mRNA libraries of oral squamous carcinoma H413 cell lines were sequenced, and 599 candidate genes exhibited differential expression between DSG3-overexpressing and matched control lines, with 12 genes highly significantly differentially expressed, including 9 upregulated and 3 downregulated. Genes with known implications in cancer, such as MMP-13, KRT84, OLFM4, GJA1, AMOT and ADAMTS1, were strongly linked to DSG3 overexpression. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the DSG3-associated candidate gene products participate in crucial cellular processes such as junction assembly, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, intermediate filament organisation and keratinocyte differentiation. Validation of RNA-Seq was performed through RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, using transmission electron microscopy, we meticulously examined desmosome morphology and revealed a slightly immature desmosome structure in DSG3-overexpressing cells compared to controls. No changes in desmosome frequency and diameter were observed between the two conditions. This study underscores intricate and multifaceted alterations associated with DSG3 in oral squamous carcinoma cells, implying a potential oncogenic role of this gene in biological processes that enable cell communication, motility and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wan
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giulia Mastroianni
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang K, Liang Y, Zhang W, Zeng N, Tang S, Tian R. KRT81 Knockdown Inhibits Malignant Progression of Melanoma Through Regulating Interleukin-8. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1290-1297. [PMID: 34591651 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KRT81 is involved in carcinogenesis and progression of many types of human cancers. However, little is known about the role of KRT81 in melanoma. In this study, we identified that KRT81 expression is upregulated in melanoma tissues compared with corresponding adjacent nontumor tissues. Overexpression of KRT81 was also found in human melanoma cell lines. Cell functional studies have shown that KRT81 knockdown could inhibit proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and promote apoptosis of A375 cells. Consistently, in vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that KRT81 knockdown significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors. Moreover, KRT81 knockdown increased the chemosensitivity of A375 cells to DDP. Mechanical exploration revealed that KRT81 knockdown mediated the downregulation of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). In conclusion, these findings indicate that downregulation of KRT81 could inhibit progression of melanoma by regulating IL-8. Therefore, KRT81 represents a potential therapeutic target for melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxi Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaissis G, Ziegelmayer S, Lohöfer F, Steiger K, Algül H, Muckenhuber A, Yen HY, Rummeny E, Friess H, Schmid R, Weichert W, Siveke JT, Braren R. A machine learning algorithm predicts molecular subtypes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with differential response to gemcitabine-based versus FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218642. [PMID: 31577805 PMCID: PMC6774515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of a supervised machine-learning model capable of predicting clinically relevant molecular subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from diffusion-weighted-imaging-derived radiomic features. METHODS The retrospective observational study assessed 55 surgical PDAC patients. Molecular subtypes were defined by immunohistochemical staining of KRT81. Tumors were manually segmented and 1606 radiomic features were extracted with PyRadiomics. A gradient-boosted-tree algorithm was trained on 70% of the patients (N = 28) and tested on 30% (N = 17) to predict KRT81+ vs. KRT81- tumor subtypes. A gradient-boosted survival regression model was fit to the disease-free and overall survival data. Chemotherapy response and survival were assessed stratified by subtype and radiomic signature. Radiomic feature importance was ranked. RESULTS The mean±STDEV sensitivity, specificity and ROC-AUC were 0.90±0.07, 0.92±0.11, and 0.93±0.07, respectively. The mean±STDEV concordance indices between the disease-free and overall survival predicted by the model based on the radiomic parameters and actual patient survival were 0.76±0.05 and 0.71±0.06, respectively. Patients with a KRT81+ subtype experienced significantly diminished median overall survival compared to KRT81- patients (7.0 vs. 22.6 months, HR 4.03, log-rank-test P = <0.001) and a significantly improved response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy over FOLFIRINOX (10.14 vs. 3.8 months median overall survival, HR 2.33, P = 0.037) compared to KRT81- patients, who responded significantly better to FOLFIRINOX over gemcitabine-based treatment (30.8 vs. 13.4 months median overall survival, HR 2.41, P = 0.027). Entropy was ranked as the most important radiomic feature. CONCLUSIONS The machine-learning based analysis of radiomic features enables the prediction of subtypes of PDAC, which are highly relevant for disease-free and overall patient survival and response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kaissis
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ziegelmayer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohöfer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Muckenhuber
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsi-Yu Yen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perone Y, Farrugia AJ, Rodríguez-Meira A, Győrffy B, Ion C, Uggetti A, Chronopoulos A, Marrazzo P, Faronato M, Shousha S, Davies C, Steel JH, Patel N, Del Rio Hernandez A, Coombes C, Pruneri G, Lim A, Calvo F, Magnani L. SREBP1 drives Keratin-80-dependent cytoskeletal changes and invasive behavior in endocrine-resistant ERα breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2115. [PMID: 31073170 PMCID: PMC6509342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of ERα breast cancer patients relapse with metastatic disease following adjuvant endocrine therapies. The connection between acquisition of drug resistance and invasive potential is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the type II keratin topological associating domain undergoes epigenetic reprogramming in aromatase inhibitors (AI)-resistant cells, leading to Keratin-80 (KRT80) upregulation. KRT80 expression is driven by de novo enhancer activation by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). KRT80 upregulation directly promotes cytoskeletal rearrangements at the leading edge, increased focal adhesion and cellular stiffening, collectively promoting cancer cell invasion. Shearwave elasticity imaging performed on prospectively recruited patients confirms KRT80 levels correlate with stiffer tumors. Immunohistochemistry showed increased KRT80-positive cells at relapse and, using several clinical endpoints, KRT80 expression associates with poor survival. Collectively, our data uncover an unpredicted and potentially targetable direct link between epigenetic and cytoskeletal reprogramming promoting cell invasion in response to chronic AI treatment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Aromatase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cytoskeleton/genetics
- Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron J Farrugia
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Meira
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte Ion
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Monica Faronato
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sami Shousha
- Histopathology Department, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Davies
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naina Patel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, and although it starts as a tissue rich in proteins, by the time of eruption of the tooth in the oral cavity only a small fraction of the protein remains. While this organic matrix of enamel represents less than 1% by weight it plays essential roles in improving both toughness and resilience to chemical attacks. Despite the fact that the first studies of the enamel matrix began in the 19th century, its exact composition and mechanisms of its function remain poorly understood. It was proposed that keratin or a keratin-like primitive epithelial component exists in mature enamel, however due to the extreme insolubility of its organic matrix the presence of keratins there was never clearly established. We have recently identified expression of a number of hair keratins in ameloblasts, the enamel secreting cells, and demonstrated their incorporation into mature enamel. Mutation in epithelial hair keratin KRT75 leads to a skin condition called pseudofollicularis barbae. Carriers of this mutation have an altered enamel structure and mechanical properties. Importantly, these individuals have a much higher prevalence of caries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing a direct link between a mutation in a protein-coding region of a gene and increased caries rates. In this paper we present an overview of the evidence of keratin-like material in enamel that has accumulated over the last 150years. Furthermore, we propose potential mechanisms of action of KTR75 in enamel and highlight the clinical implications of the link between mutations in KRT75 and caries. Finally, we discuss the potential use of keratins for enamel repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duverger
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Langbein L, Eckhart L, Fischer H, Rogers MA, Praetzel-Wunder S, Parry DAD, Kittstein W, Schweizer J. Localisation of keratin K78 in the basal layer and first suprabasal layers of stratified epithelia completes expression catalogue of type II keratins and provides new insights into sequential keratin expression. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:735-50. [PMID: 26340985 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Among the 26 human type II keratins, K78 is the only one that has not yet been explored with regard to its expression characteristics. Here, we show that, at both the transcriptional and translational levels, K78 is strongly expressed in the basal and parabasal cell layers with decreasing intensity in the lower suprabasal cells of keratinising and non-keratinising squamous epithelia and keratinocyte cultures. The same pattern has been detected at the transcriptional level in the corresponding mouse epithelia. Murine K78 protein, which contains an extraordinary large extension of its tail domain, which is unique among all known keratins, is not detectable by the antibody used. Concomitant studies in human epithelia have confirmed K78 co-expression with the classical basal keratins K5 and K14. Similarly, K78 co-expression with the differentiation-related type I keratins K10 (epidermis) and K13 (non-keratinising epithelia) occurs in the parabasal cell layer, whereas that of the corresponding type II keratins K1 (epidermis) and K4 (non-keratinising epithelia) unequivocally starts subsequent to the respective type I keratins. Our data concerning K78 expression modify the classical concept of keratin pair K5/K14 representing the basal compartment and keratin pairs K1/K10 or K4/K13 defining the differentiating compartment of stratified epithelia. Moreover, the K78 expression pattern and the decoupled K1/K10 and K4/K13 expression define the existence of a hitherto unperceived early differentiation stage in the parabasal layer characterized by K78/K10 or K78/K13 expression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Embryonic Development
- Epidermis/metabolism
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Loci
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratins, Type II/chemistry
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Langbein
- Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, A110, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Molecular Genetics of the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Praetzel-Wunder
- Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, A110, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A D Parry
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee SY, Choi JE, Jeon HS, Hong MJ, Choi YY, Kang HG, Yoo SS, Lee EB, Jeong JY, Lee WK, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kim YT, Jheon S, Son JW, Park JY. A genetic variation in microRNA target site of KRT81 gene is associated with survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1142-1148. [PMID: 25716425 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in carcinogenesis through negative regulation of their target genes. Therefore, genetic variations in miRNAs or their target sites may affect miRNA-mRNA interactions, thereby result in altered expression of target genes. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in the miRNA target sites (poly-miRTSs) and survival of patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Using public SNP database and miRNA target sites prediction program, 354 poly-miRTSs were selected for genotyping. Among these, 154 SNPs applicable to Sequenom's MassARRAY platform were investigated in 357 patients. A replication study was carried out on an independent patient population (n = 479). Renilla luciferase assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to examine functional relevance of potentially functional poly-miRTSs. RESULTS Of the 154 SNPs analyzed in a discovery set, 14 SNPs were significantly associated with survival outcomes. Among these, KRT81 rs3660G>C was found to be associated with survival outcomes in the validation cohort. In the combined analysis, patients with the rs3660 GC + CC genotype had a significantly better overall survival compared with those with GG genotype [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for OS, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.85; P = 0.001]. An increased expression of the reporter gene for the C allele of rs3660 compared with the G allele was observed by luciferase assay. Consistently, the C allele was associated with higher relative expression level of KRT81 in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION The rs3660G>C affects KRT81 expression and thus influences survival in early-stage NSCLC. The analysis of the rs3660G>C polymorphism may be useful to identify patients at high risk of a poor disease outcome.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Aged
- Binding Sites
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Computational Biology
- Databases, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/genetics
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/metabolism
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - J E Choi
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine.
| | - H S Jeon
- The Molecular Diagnostics & Imaging Research Institute
| | - M J Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
| | - Y Y Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
| | - H G Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
| | - S S Yoo
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - E B Lee
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery
| | | | - W K Lee
- Biostatistics Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - S I Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - C H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - Y T Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J W Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon
| | - J Y Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsunaga R, Abe R, Ishii D, Watanabe SI, Kiyoshi M, Nöcker B, Tsuchiya M, Tsumoto K. Bidirectional binding property of high glycine-tyrosine keratin-associated protein contributes to the mechanical strength and shape of hair. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:484-494. [PMID: 23791804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since their first finding in wool 50years ago, keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), which are classified into three groups; high sulfur (HS) KAPs, ultra high sulfur (UHS) KAPs, and high glycine-tyrosine (HGT) KAPs, have been the target of curiosity for scientists due to their characteristic amino acid sequences. While HS and UHS KAPs are known to function in disulfide bond crosslinking, the function of HGT KAPs remains unknown. To clarify the function as well as the binding partners of HGT KAPs, we prepared KAP8.1 and other KAP family proteins, the trichocyte intermediate filament proteins (IFP) K85 and K35, the head domain of K85, and the C subdomain of desmoplakin C-terminus (DPCT-C) and investigated the interactions between them in vitro. Western blot analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicate that KAP8.1 binds to the head domain of K85, which is helically aligned around the axis of the intermediate filament (IF). From these results and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of bundled filament complex in vitro, we propose that the helical arrangement of IFs found in the orthocortex, which is uniquely distributed on the convex fiber side of the hair, is regulated by KAP8.1. Structure-dependent binding of DPCT-C to trichocyte IFP was confirmed by Western blotting, ITC, and circular dichroism. Moreover, DPCT-C also binds to some HGT KAPs. It is probable that such bidirectional binding property of HGT KAPs contribute to the mechanical robustness of hair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsunaga
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Beauty Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Beauty Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Kiyoshi
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Bernd Nöcker
- Beauty Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Tsuchiya
- Beauty Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Campayo M, Navarro A, Viñolas N, Tejero R, Muñoz C, Diaz T, Marrades R, Cabanas ML, Gimferrer JM, Gascon P, Ramirez J, Monzo M. A dual role for KRT81: a miR-SNP associated with recurrence in non-small-cell lung cancer and a novel marker of squamous cell lung carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22509. [PMID: 21799879 PMCID: PMC3143163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in carcinogenesis through the regulation of their target genes. miRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (miR-SNPs) can affect miRNA biogenesis and target sites and can alter microRNA expression and functions. We examined 11 miR-SNPs, including 5 in microRNA genes, 3 in microRNA binding sites and 3 in microRNA-processing machinery components, and evaluated time to recurrence (TTR) according to miR-SNP genotypes in 175 surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Significant differences in TTR were found according to KRT81 rs3660 (median TTR: 20.3 months for the CC genotype versus 86.8 months for the CG or GG genotype; P = 0.003) and XPO5 rs11077 (median TTR: 24.7 months for the AA genotype versus 73.1 months for the AC or CC genotypes; P = 0.029). Moreover, when patients were divided according to stage, these differences were maintained for stage I patients (P = 0.002 for KRT81 rs3660; P<0.001 for XPO5 rs11077). When patients were divided into sub-groups according to histology, the effect of the KRT81 rs3660 genotype on TTR was significant in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.004) but not in those with adenocarcinoma. In the multivariate analyses, the KRT81 rs3660 CC genotype (OR = 1.8; P = 0.023) and the XPO5 rs11077 AA genotype (OR = 1.77; P = 0.026) emerged as independent variables influencing TTR. Immunohistochemical analyses in 80 lung specimens showed that 95% of squamous cell carcinomas were positive for KRT81, compared to only 19% of adenocarcinomas (P<0.0001). In conclusion, miR-SNPs are a novel class of SNPs that can add useful prognostic information on the clinical outcome of resected NSCLC patients and may be a potential key tool for selecting high-risk stage I patients. Moreover, KRT81 has emerged as a promising immunohistochemical marker for the identification of squamous cell lung carcinoma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Binding Sites
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/genetics
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/metabolism
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Recurrence
- Survival Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Campayo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Clinic Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques (ICMHO), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Navarro
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Viñolas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Clinic Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques (ICMHO), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rut Tejero
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Diaz
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Marrades
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic del Tórax (ICT), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria L. Cabanas
- Department of Pathology, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Gimferrer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Clínic del Tórax (ICT), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Gascon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Clinic Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques (ICMHO), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ramirez
- Department of Pathology, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Monzo
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) represent a substantial clinical problem because of increases, frequent recurrences and successive de novo tumors, especially in organ transplant recipients. To improve upon the current surgical and other non-selective therapies, a validated organotypic in vitro model of primary human SCC needs to be developed. Such a model will have obvious advantages over current cell line and animal based approaches, and may render the latter partly obsolete. In a first approach, an explant technique of primary SCC biopsies onto dermal constructs was used to emulate tumor expansion in an in vitro model. Histological analysis revealed the formation of nests of squamous cells, mimicking an invasive morphological feature of primary SCC. Immunohistochemical analysis comprised an array of markers characteristic of keratinocyte (hyper) proliferation (K6, K16, K17 and Ki67), differentiation (K1, K10 and involucrin), basement membrane (collagen types IV and VII, integrins alpha(6) and beta(4) and laminin 332) and SCC (K4, K13 and Axl). The generated human SCC models displayed disturbed differentiation and keratins associated with hyperproliferation, but a low frequency of Ki67 positive cells. Basement membrane composition of the in vitro SCC model resembled that of normal skin. These results show for the first time that in vitro modelling of three-dimensional growth of primary cutaneous human SCC is feasible. This model may provide a platform to develop refined preventive and curative treatments and thereby gain understanding of SCC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Commandeur
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barboro P, D'Arrigo C, Repaci E, Bagnasco L, Orecchia P, Carnemolla B, Patrone E, Balbi C. Proteomic analysis of the nuclear matrix in the early stages of rat liver carcinogenesis: identification of differentially expressed and MAR-binding proteins. Exp Cell Res 2008; 315:226-39. [PMID: 19000672 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is characterized by definite changes in the protein composition of the nuclear matrix (NM). The interactions of chromatin with the NM occur via specific DNA sequences called MARs (matrix attachment regions). In the present study, we applied a proteomic approach along with a Southwestern assay to detect both differentially expressed and MAR-binding NM proteins, in persistent hepatocyte nodules (PHN) in respect with normal hepatocytes (NH). In PHN, the NM undergoes changes both in morphology and in protein composition. We detected over 500 protein spots in each two dimensional map and 44 spots were identified. Twenty-three proteins were differentially expressed; among these, 15 spots were under-expressed and 8 spots were over-expressed in PHN compared to NH. These changes were synchronous with several modifications in both NM morphology and the ability of NM proteins to bind nuclear RNA and/or DNA containing MARs sequences. In PHN, we observed a general decrease in the expression of the basic proteins that bound nuclear RNA and the over-expression of two species of Mw 135 kDa and 81 kDa and pI 6.7-7.0 and 6.2-7.4, respectively, which exclusively bind to MARs. These results suggest that the deregulated expression of these species might be related to large-scale chromatin reorganization observed in the process of carcinogenesis by modulating the interaction between MARs and the scaffold structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Barboro
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10-16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rizkalla H, Toner M. Necrotizing sialometaplasia versus invasive carcinoma of the head and neck: the use of myoepithelial markers and keratin subtypes as an adjunct to diagnosis. Histopathology 2007; 51:184-9. [PMID: 17650214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the use of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing necrotizing sialometaplasia (NSM) from squamous cell (SCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) by (i) the identification of myoepithelial cells and (ii) cytokeratin (CK) expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen cases with the histological changes of NSM, eight SCCs and eight MECs were examined with the following immunohistochemical markers: calponin, S100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), p63, CK7, CK5, CK6 and CAM5.2. The distribution and intensity of staining were recorded. Residual myoepithelial cells (best demonstrated by calponin and SMA) were identified at the periphery of the epithelial islands in all cases of NSM (although not in all islands), in contrast to MEC and SCC. S100 showed a similar pattern, although staining fewer cells. Moderate rather than extensive expression of CK7 may help to distinguish NSM from MEC. CONCLUSION Identification of myoepithelial cells and CK7 expression may help to distinguish NSM from its mimics.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratins/metabolism
- Keratins, Type II/classification
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- S100 Proteins/metabolism
- Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing/diagnosis
- Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing/metabolism
- Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing/pathology
- Calponins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rizkalla
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Langbein L, Rogers MA, Praetzel-Wunder S, Helmke B, Schirmacher P, Schweizer J. K25 (K25irs1), K26 (K25irs2), K27 (K25irs3), and K28 (K25irs4) represent the type I inner root sheath keratins of the human hair follicle. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:2377-86. [PMID: 16874310 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent elucidation of the human type I keratin gene domain allowed the completion of the so far only partially characterized subcluster of type I keratin genes, KRT25-KRT28 (formerly KRT25A-KRT25D), representing the counterparts of the type II inner root sheath (IRS) keratin genes, KRT71-KRT74 (encoding proteins K71-K74, formerly K6irs1-K6irs4). Here, we describe the expression patterns of the type I IRS keratin proteins K25-K28 (formerly K25irs1-K25irs4) and their mRNAs. We found that K25 (K25irs1), K27 (K25irs3), and K28 (K25irs4) occur in the Henle layer, the Huxley layer, and in the IRS cuticle. Their expression extends from the bulb region up to the points of terminal differentiation of the three layers. In contrast, K26 (K25irs2) is restricted to the upper IRS cuticle. Apart from the three IRS layers, K25 (K25irs1), K27 (K25irs3), and K28 (K25irs4) are also present in the hair medulla. Based on previous, although controversial claims of the occurrence in the IRS of various "classical" epithelial keratins, we undertook a systematic study using antibodies against the presently described human epithelial and hair keratins and show that the type I keratins K25-K28 (K25irs1-K25irs4) and the type II keratins K71-K74 (K6irs1-K6irs4) represent the IRS keratins of the human hair follicle.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies/immunology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genome, Human
- Hair Follicle/chemistry
- Hair Follicle/metabolism
- Humans
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/analysis
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/genetics
- Keratins, Hair-Specific/metabolism
- Keratins, Type I/analysis
- Keratins, Type I/genetics
- Keratins, Type I/metabolism
- Keratins, Type II/analysis
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Langbein
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Zhang RY. [Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2005; 34:397-401. [PMID: 16251042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma (EHT), and to discuss its histogenesis. METHODS The clinical and pathologic features of two EHT cases of were evaluated. Immunohistochemical study was performed by LSAB method using a panel of antibodies including AE1/AE3, CK5, CK7, CK8, CK20, EMA, vimentin, CD5, CD10, alpha-SMA, calponin, desmin, CD34, S-100 protein, CD57, GFAP, TTF-1 and CD99. RESULTS Both cases occurred in males aged 20 years and 40 years respectively. Each patient presented with a solitary mass, one located in the suprasternal fossa and the other in the left supraclavicular region for a period of 6 months and 2 months respectively. Grossly, the masses were well-circumscribed with spherical and ovoid appearance, measuring 5 cm and 3 cm in maximum diameter respectively. On cut section, they were gray-white in color and of soft consistency. Histologically, both tumors were composed of a mixture of spindle cells, epithelial cells and mature adipose tissue. The spindle cells element accounted 85% and 70% each in the two cases. They resembled fibroblasts in morphology and were arranged frequently in fascicular, woven or storiform patterns. Epithelial cells element represented nearly 10% in both cases. Most of the epithelial cells had a non-keratinization squamous appearance. They formed small solid islands and adamantinoma-like "nastomosing cords", or appeared as lining cells in large cystic spaces. In focal areas, glandular differentiation presented as small glands. A transition between the spindle cell and epithelium components could be also identified in some areas. Mature adipose tissue was irregularly distributed in the two tumors, about < 5% and 20% respectively. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial element expressed AE1/AE3, CK5, CK7, CK8 and EMA, whereas the spindle component expressed AE1/AE3, CK5, CK7, CK8, vimentin, CD10, CD34, alpha-SMA, MSA, and calponin. Both elements were negative for CK20, TTF-1, desmin, S-100 protein, CD57, GFAP and CD99. CONCLUSIONS EHT is a benign tumor that occurs predominantly in the lower neck region of young to middle-aged males. Immunohistochemical study revealed myoepithelial differentiation of the spindle cells, suggesting EHT is a mixed tumor composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. EHT possibly originates from the remnants of cervical sinus of His, and therefore, may be renamed as branchial anlage mixed tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | |
Collapse
|