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Dong Y, Tang L. Microglial Calcium Homeostasis Modulator 2: Novel Anti-neuroinflammation Target for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:553-556. [PMID: 37995055 PMCID: PMC11003923 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Qingdao Institute of Measurement Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China
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Wang L, Gao F, Chen L, Sun W, Liu H, Yang W, Zhang X, Bai J, Wang R. Remote Ischemia Postconditioning Mitigates Hippocampal Neuron Impairment by Modulating Cav1.2-CaMKIIα-Aromatase Signaling After Global Cerebral Ischemia in Ovariectomized Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03930-1. [PMID: 38321351 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived estrogen (BDE2) is gaining attention as an endogenous neurotransmitter. Recent research has revealed that selectively removing the aromatase gene, the pivotal enzyme responsible for BDE2 synthesis, in forebrain neurons or astrocytes can lead to synaptic loss and cognitive impairment. It is worth noting that remote ischemia post-conditioning (RIP), a non-invasive technique, has been shown to activate natural protective mechanisms against severe ischemic events. The aim of our study was to investigate whether RIP triggers aromatase-BDE2 signaling, shedding light on its neuroprotective mechanisms after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in ovariectomized rats. Our findings are as follows: (1) RIP was effective in mitigating ischemic damage in hippocampal CA1 neurons and improved cognitive function after GCI. This was partially due to increased Aro-BDE2 signaling in CA1 neurons. (2) RIP intervention efficiently enhanced pro-survival kinase pathways, such as AKT, ERK1/2, CREB, and suppressed CaMKIIα signaling in CA1 astrocytes induced by GCI. Remarkably, inhibiting CaMKIIα activity led to elevated Aro-BDE2 levels and replicated the benefits of RIP. (3) We also identified the positive mediation of Cav1.2, an LVGCC calcium channel, on CaMKIIα-Aro/BDE2 pathway response to RIP intervention. (4) Significantly, either RIP or CaMKIIα inhibition was found to alleviate reactive astrogliosis, which was accompanied by increased pro-survival A2-astrocyte protein S100A10 and decreased pro-death A1-astrocyte marker C3 levels. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence that Aro-BDE2 signaling is a critical target for the reparative effects of RIP following ischemic insult. This effect may be mediated through the CaV1.2-CaMKIIα signaling pathway, in collaboration with astrocyte-neuron interactions, thereby maintaining calcium homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment and reducing neuronal damage after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Fujia Gao
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Wuxiang Sun
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
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Larrea A, Elexpe A, Díez-Martín E, Torrecilla M, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G. Neuroinflammation in the Evolution of Motor Function in Stroke and Trauma Patients: Treatment and Potential Biomarkers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8552-8585. [PMID: 37998716 PMCID: PMC10670324 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has a significant impact on different pathologies, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, intervening in their pathophysiology: expansion, progression, and resolution. Neuroinflammation involves oxidative stress, damage, and cell death, playing an important role in neuroplasticity and motor dysfunction by affecting the neuronal connection responsible for motor control. The diagnosis of this pathology is performed using neuroimaging techniques and molecular diagnostics based on identifying and measuring signaling molecules or specific markers. In parallel, new therapeutic targets are being investigated via the use of bionanomaterials and electrostimulation to modulate the neuroinflammatory response. These novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have the potential to facilitate the development of anticipatory patterns and deliver the most beneficial treatment to improve patients' quality of life and directly impact their motor skills. However, important challenges remain to be solved. Hence, the goal of this study was to review the implication of neuroinflammation in the evolution of motor function in stroke and trauma patients, with a particular focus on novel methods and potential biomarkers to aid clinicians in diagnosis, treatment, and therapy. A specific analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities was conducted, highlighting the key challenges to be faced in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrea
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Ane Elexpe
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Eguzkiñe Díez-Martín
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - María Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
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Song Y, Gou Y, Gao J, Chen D, Zhang H, Zhao W, Qian F, Xu A, Shen Y. Lomerizine attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the macrophage activation through reducing Ca 2+ influx. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1236469. [PMID: 37693893 PMCID: PMC10484514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1236469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates, predominantly attributable to acute and severe pulmonary inflammation. Lomerizine (LMZ) is a calcium channel blocker previously used in preventing and treating migraine. Here, we found that LMZ inhibited inflammatory responses and lung pathological injury by reducing pulmonary edema, neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. In vitro experiments, upon treating with LMZ, the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was attenuated in macrophages. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB p65 was inhibited after LMZ treatment. Furthermore, LPS-induced Ca2+ influx was reduced by treating with LMZ, which correlated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. And L-type Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K8644 (BK) could restore cytokine generation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LMZ alleviates LPS-induced ALI and is a potential agent for treating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunduan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusen Gou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxin Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Park JH, Hwang JW, Lee HJ, Jang GM, Jeong YJ, Cho J, Seo J, Hoe HS. Lomerizine inhibits LPS-mediated neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating NLRP3, DYRK1A, and GSK3α/β. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150940. [PMID: 37435081 PMCID: PMC10331167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lomerizine is a calcium channel blocker that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used clinically in the treatment of migraines. However, whether lomerizine is beneficial in modulating neuroinflammatory responses has not been tested yet. Methods To assess the potential of lomerizine for repurposing as a treatment for neuroinflammation, we investigated the effects of lomerizine on LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells, Alzheimer's disease (AD) excitatory neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and in LPS-treated wild type mice. Results In BV2 microglial cells, lomerizine pretreatment significantly reduced LPS-evoked proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 mRNA levels. Similarly, lomerizine pretreatment significantly suppressed the increases in Iba-1, GFAP, proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 expression induced by LPS in wild-type mice. In addition, lomerizine posttreatment significantly decreased LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine and SOD2 mRNA levels in BV2 microglial cells and/or wild-type mice. In LPS-treated wild-type mice and AD excitatory neurons differentiated from iPSCs, lomerizine pretreatment ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation. Finally, lomerizine abolished the LPS-mediated activation of GSK3α/β and upregulation of DYRK1A, which is responsible for tau hyperphosphorylation, in wild-type mice. Discussion These data suggest that lomerizine attenuates LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and tau hyperphosphorylation and is a potential drug for neuroinflammation- or tauopathy-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Hwang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Mi Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Huang H, Saddala MS, Mukwaya A, Mohan RR, Lennikov A. Association of Placental Growth Factor and Angiopoietin in Human Retinal Endothelial Cell-Pericyte co-Cultures and iPSC-Derived Vascular Organoids. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:297-311. [PMID: 36458540 PMCID: PMC10417885 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2149808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Placental growth factor (PlGF) and Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 are two proteins that are involved in the regulation of endothelial cell (EC) growth and vasculature formation. In the retina and endothelial cells, pericytes are the major source of both molecules. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of PlGF and Ang-1 with human EC/pericyte co-cultures and iPSC-derived vascular organoids. METHODS In this study, we used co-cultures of human primary retinal endothelial cells (HREC) and primary human retinal pericytes (HRP), western blotting, immunofluorescent analysis, TUNEL staining, LDH-assays, and RNA seq analysis, as well as human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), derived organoids (VO) to study the association between PlGF and Ang-1. RESULTS Inhibition of PlGF by PlGF neutralizing antibody in HREC-HRP co-cultures resulted in the increased expression of Ang-1 and Tie-2 in a dose-dependent manner. This upregulation was not observed in HREC and HRP monocultures but only in co-cultures suggesting the association of pericytes and endothelial cells. Furthermore, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) inhibition abolished the Ang-1 and Tie-2 upregulation by PlGF inhibition. The pericyte viability in high-glucose conditions was also reduced by VEGFR1 neutralization. Immunofluorescent analysis showed that Ang-1 and Ang-2 were expressed mainly by perivascular cells in the VO. RNA seq analysis of the RNA isolated from VO in high glucose conditions indicated increased PlGF and Ang-2 expressions in the VO. PlGF inhibition increased the expression of Ang-1 and Tie-2 in VO, increasing the pericyte coverage of the VO microvascular network. CONCLUSION Combined, these results suggest PlGF's role in the regulation of Ang-1 and Tie-2 expression through VEGFR1. These findings provide new insights into the neovascularization process in diabetic retinopathy and new targets for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Madhu Sudhana Saddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Wilmer Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical, and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Uganda
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Yang X, Diaz V, Huang H. The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 in Regulating Microglial Activation and Retinal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314664. [PMID: 36498991 PMCID: PMC9739975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglial activation plays a prominent role in neuroinflammation and CNS diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of microglial activation are not well understood. Here, we report that the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) plays critical roles in microglial activation and retinal inflammation by regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression. IRF1 expression was upregulated in activated retinal microglia compared to those at the steady state. IRF1 knockout (KO) in BV2 microglia cells (BV2ΔIRF1) created by CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technique causes decreased microglia proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis. IRF1-KO decreased pro-inflammatory M1 marker gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), such as IL-6, COX-2, and CCL5, but increased anti-inflammatory M2 marker gene expression by IL-4/13, such as Arg-1, CD206, and TGF-β. Compared to the wild-type cells, microglial-conditioned media (MCM) of activated BV2ΔIRF1 cell cultures reduced toxicity or death to several retinal cells, including mouse cone photoreceptor-like 661 W cells, rat retinal neuron precursor R28 cells, and human ARPE-19 cells. IRF1 knockdown by siRNA alleviated microglial activation and retinal inflammation induced by LPS in mice. Together, the findings suggest that IRF1 plays a vital role in regulating microglial activation and retinal inflammation and, therefore, may be targeted for treating inflammatory and degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China
| | - Valeria Diaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1(573)-882-9899
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Kim J, Jeon SG, Jeong HR, Park H, Kim JI, Hoe HS. L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Inhibition Rescues the LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response and Impairments in Spatial Memory and Dendritic Spine Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13606. [PMID: 36362394 PMCID: PMC9655622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is implicated in the transition between microglial surveillance and activation. Several L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) have been shown to ameliorate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial activity. In this study, we examined the effects of the L-type CCB felodipine on LPS-mediated proinflammatory responses. We found that felodipine treatment significantly diminished LPS-evoked proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial cells in an L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent manner. In addition, felodipine leads to the inhibition of TLR4/AKT/STAT3 signaling in BV2 microglial cells. We further examined the effects of felodipine on LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation in vivo and found that daily administration (3 or 7 days, i.p.) significantly reduced LPS-mediated gliosis and COX-2 and IL-1β levels in C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice. Moreover, felodipine administration significantly reduced chronic neuroinflammation-induced spatial memory impairment, dendritic spine number, and microgliosis in C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the L-type CCB felodipine could be repurposed for the treatment of neuroinflammation/cognitive function-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - HyunHee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
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Lennikov A, Yang M, Chang K, Pan L, Saddala MS, Lee C, Ashok A, Cho KS, Utheim TP, Chen DF. Direct modulation of microglial function by electrical field. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:980775. [PMID: 36158207 PMCID: PMC9493490 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.980775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive electric stimulation (ES) employing a low-intensity electric current presents a potential therapeutic modality that can be applied for treating retinal and brain neurodegenerative disorders. As neurons are known to respond directly to ES, the effects of ES on glia cells are poorly studied. A key question is if ES directly mediates microglial function or modulates their activity merely via neuron-glial signaling. Here, we demonstrated the direct effects of ES on microglia in the BV-2 cells—an immortalized murine microglial cell line. The low current ES in a biphasic ramp waveform, but not that of rectangular or sine waveforms, significantly suppressed the motility and migration of BV-2 microglia in culture without causing cytotoxicity. This was associated with diminished cytoskeleton reorganization and microvilli formation in BV-2 cultures, as demonstrated by immunostaining of cytoskeletal proteins, F-actin and β-tubulin, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, ES of a ramp waveform reduced microglial phagocytosis of fluorescent zymosan particles and suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in BV-2 cells as shown by Proteome Profiler Mouse Cytokine Array. The results of quantitative PCR and immunostaining for cyclooxygenase-2, Interleukin 6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α corroborated the direct suppression of LPS-induced microglial responses by a ramp ES. Transcriptome profiling further demonstrated that ramp ES effectively suppressed nearly half of the LPS-induced genes, primarily relating to cellular motility, energy metabolism, and calcium signaling. Our results reveal a direct modulatory effect of ES on previously thought electrically “non-responsive” microglia and suggest a new avenue of employing ES for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Madhu Sudhana Saddala
- Wilmer Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cherin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ajay Ashok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dong Feng Chen,
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10
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Pina LTS, Rabelo TK, Trindade GGG, Almeida IKS, Oliveira MA, Dos Santos PL, Souza DS, de Menezes-Filho JER, de Vasconcelos CML, Santos SL, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Araújo AAS, Quintans JSS, Quintans LJ, Guimarães AG. γ-Terpinene complexed with β-cyclodextrin attenuates spinal neuroactivity in animals with cancer pain by Ca2+ channel block. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1629-1639. [PMID: 35976257 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considering that γ-terpinene (γ-TPN) is a monoterpene found in Cannabis oil, with high lipophilicity and limited pharmacokinetics, our objective was to evaluate whether its complexation in β-cyclodextrin (γ-TPN/β-CD) could improve its physicochemical properties and action on cancer pain, as well as verify the mechanisms of action involved. METHODS The γ-TPN/β-CD was prepared and submitted to physicochemical characterization. Animals with sarcoma 180 were treated (vehicle, γ-TPN 50 mg/kg, γ-TPN/β-CD 5 mg/kg or morphine) and assessed for hyperalgesia, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, iNOS and c-Fos activity. The effects of γ-TPN on calcium channels were studied by patch-clamp and molecular docking. RESULTS β-CD improved the physicochemical properties and prolonged the anti-hyperalgesic effect of γ-TPN. This compound also reduced the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the tumour, and c-Fos protein in the spinal cord. In addition, it reduced Ca2+ current, presenting favourable chemical interactions with different voltage-dependent calcium channels. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the complexation of γ-TPN into β-CD increases its stability and time effect, reducing spinal neuroactivity and inflammation by blocking calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lícia T S Pina
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Sunnybrook Research Institute. Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Canada
| | - Gabriela G G Trindade
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Iggo K S Almeida
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marlange A Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Priscila L Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Diego Santos Souza
- Department of Biophysics and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra L Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano A S Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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11
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Chaudhari S, Pham GS, Brooks CD, Dinh VQ, Young-Stubbs CM, Shimoura CG, Mathis KW. Should Renal Inflammation Be Targeted While Treating Hypertension? Front Physiol 2022; 13:886779. [PMID: 35770194 PMCID: PMC9236225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research and a plethora of therapeutic options, hypertension continues to be a global burden. Understanding of the pathological roles of known and underexplored cellular and molecular pathways in the development and maintenance of hypertension is critical to advance the field. Immune system overactivation and inflammation in the kidneys are proposed alternative mechanisms of hypertension, and resistant hypertension. Consideration of the pathophysiology of hypertension in chronic inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune diseases, in which patients present with autoimmune-mediated kidney inflammation as well as hypertension, may reveal possible contributors and novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we 1) summarize current therapies used to control blood pressure and their known effects on inflammation; 2) provide evidence on the need to target renal inflammation, specifically, and especially when first-line and combinatory treatment efforts fail; and 3) discuss the efficacy of therapies used to treat autoimmune diseases with a hypertension/renal component. We aim to elucidate the potential of targeting renal inflammation in certain subsets of patients resistant to current therapies.
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12
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Liu W, Liu S, Li P, Yao K. Retinitis Pigmentosa: Progress in Molecular Pathology and Biotherapeutical Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094883. [PMID: 35563274 PMCID: PMC9101511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is genetically heterogeneous retinopathy caused by photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that eventually results in blindness in bilateral eyes. Various photoreceptor cell death types and pathological phenotypic changes that have been disclosed in RP demand in-depth research of its pathogenic mechanism that may account for inter-patient heterogeneous responses to mainstream drug treatment. As the primary method for studying the genetic characteristics of RP, molecular biology has been widely used in disease diagnosis and clinical trials. Current technology iterations, such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and optogenetics, are advancing towards precise diagnosis and clinical applications. Specifically, technologies, such as effective delivery vectors, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and iPSC-based cell transplantation, hasten the pace of personalized precision medicine in RP. The combination of conventional therapy and state-of-the-art medication is promising in revolutionizing RP treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of the latest research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of retinitis pigmentosa, aiming for a convenient reference of what has been achieved so far.
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13
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Chen X, Li X, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Feng Y, Wang J, Li M, Gao D, Yuan F, Luis Ortega A. MicroRNA Expression Analysis of Mice Retinas with Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy by RNA Sequencing. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35282140 PMCID: PMC8913133 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9738068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To characterize the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the retinas of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy by RNA sequencing and to ascertain miRNAs associated with retinal neovascularization. Methods. Retina samples were obtained from 3 groups (6 retinas/group) of OIR mice and normal mice at P17. RNA was isolated from 24 retina samples and then detected on an Illumina HiSeq. Twelve retina samples were used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction to validate the RNA sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses were performed. Result. The RNA sequence showed that 565 miRNAs were detected in the retina of OIR mice and 583 miRNAs in the retina of normal control mice. A total of 553 miRNAs were expressed in both groups. Thirty-eight miRNAs showed altered expression in both groups (
). Compared with the control group, 2 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in the OIR group, while 36 miRNAs were significantly downregulated. Meanwhile, 2 candidate miRNAs (miR-181a-5p and miR-21a-5p) with significant differences in miRNA expression (
) were selected for validation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to confirm the relative expression of the two miRNAs. Bioinformatics analyses showed that pathways involved in ischemic retinopathy (such as TGF-β, Ras, Hippo, PI3K-Akt, VEGF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways) were enriched. Conclusions. Our study provided an overall view of miRNA profiling in the OIR retina. These miRNA profiles provide a valuable framework for the potential therapy of retinal angiogenesis.
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14
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Basuli D, Parekh RU, White A, Thayyil A, Sriramula S. Kinin B1 Receptor Mediates Renal Injury and Remodeling in Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:780834. [PMID: 35118089 PMCID: PMC8804098 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.780834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many readily available therapies, hypertensive kidney disease remains the second most prevalent cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes, and continues to burden patient populations and escalate morbidity and mortality rates. Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) activation has been shown to have a role in the development of hypertension, one of the major etiologies for chronic kidney disease. However, the role of B1R in hypertension induced renal injury and remodeling remains unexplored. Using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive mouse model, we investigated whether B1R deficiency reduces hypertensive renal injury and fibrosis. To further recognize the translational role of B1R, we examined the expression of B1R and its correlation with collagen deposition in renal biopsies from control and hypertensive kidney disease patients. Our data indicates that renal B1R expression was upregulated in the kidneys of DOCA-salt hypertensive mice. Genetic ablation of B1R protected the mice from DOCA-salt-induced renal injury and fibrosis by preventing inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney. Cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells expressed B1R and stimulation of B1R with an agonist resulted in increased oxidative stress. In human kidney biopsy samples, we found that the B1R immunoreactivity was not only significantly increased in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive patients, but also there is a positive correlation between B1R expression and renal fibrosis levels. Taken together, our results identify a critical role of B1R in the development of inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debargha Basuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Rohan Umesh Parekh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Acacia White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Abdullah Thayyil
- Department of Pathology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Srinivas Sriramula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Srinivas Sriramula
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15
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Li C, Fang M, Lin Z, Wang W, Li X. MicroRNA-24 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1288. [PMID: 34630643 PMCID: PMC8461505 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a form of cardiomyopathy in which a blocked coronary artery leads to an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes due to inadequate blood and oxygen supply to the distal myocardium tissues, eventually leading to heart failure. Recently, studies have revealed that microRNA (miRNA/miR)-24 has diagnostic value in the pathogenesis of AMI by affecting multiple cell processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the specific mechanism of miR-24 in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after AMI remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of miR-24 in IRI. In vitro, the current study detected cellular apoptosis and apoptotic-related protein expression levels in the cardiomyocyte H9C2 cell line (negative control group, model group and miRNA group) via flow cytometry and western blot analysis. In the in vivo study, rats were randomly divided into sham, model and miRNA groups. The infarct area was observed using nitro blue tetrazolium staining, pathological changes of the myocardium were detected via hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining was used to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The expression levels of related proteins were evaluated via immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that miR-24 significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared with the model group. Concurrently, the expression levels of proteins associated with the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway (NF-κB, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) in the miRNA group were significantly different from the model group (P<0.001). Compared with the model group, miR-24 significantly improved pathological damage and infarct size of rat myocardium. Overall, the present results suggested that miR-24 improves myocardial injury in rats by inhibiting the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Li
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Zhikang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Li
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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16
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Fernandes da Silva J, Alves JV, Silva-Neto JA, Costa RM, Neves KB, Alves-Lopes R, De Lucca Camargo L, Rios F, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, Tostes RC. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces oxidative stress in human endothelial cells via NOX5 activation - implications in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021:CS20210468. [PMID: 34269800 DOI: 10.1042/CS20210468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms involved in NOX5 activation in atherosclerotic processes are not completely understood. This study tested the hypothesis that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a proatherogenic component of oxLDL, induces endothelial calcium influx, which drives NOX5-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction. Approach: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were stimulated with LPC (10-5 M, for different time points). Pharmacological inhibition of NOX5 (Melittin, 10-7 M) and NOX5 gene silencing (siRNA) were used to determine the role of NOX5-dependent ROS production in endothelial oxidative stress induced by LPC. ROS production was determined by lucigenin assay and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR), calcium transients by Fluo4 fluorimetry, and NOX5 activity and protein expression by pharmacological assays and immunoblotting, respectively. RESULTS LPC increased ROS generation in endothelial cells at short (15 min) and long (4 h) stimulation times. LPC-induced ROS was abolished by a selective NOX5 inhibitor and by NOX5 siRNA. NOX1/4 dual inhibition and selective NOX1 inhibition only decreased ROS generation at 4 h. LPC increased HAEC intracellular calcium, important for NOX5 activation, and this was blocked by nifedipine and thapsigargin. Bapta-AM, selective Ca2+ chelator, prevented LPC-induced ROS production. NOX5 knockdown decreased LPC-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NOX5, by mechanisms linked to increased intracellular calcium, is key to early LPC-induced endothelial oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes. Since these are essential events in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, this study highlights an important role for NOX5 in atherosclerosis.
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17
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Hikage F, Lennikov A, Mukwaya A, Lachota M, Ida Y, Utheim TP, Chen DF, Huang H, Ohguro H. NF-κB activation in retinal microglia is involved in the inflammatory and neovascularization signaling in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112581. [PMID: 33811906 PMCID: PMC8479856 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate Nuclear Factor NF-κB (NF-κB) signaling on microglia activation, migration, and angiogenesis in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS Nine-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to IMD-0354 treated or untreated groups (5 mice, 10 eyes per group). CNV was induced with a 532-nm laser. Laser spots (power 250 mW, spot size 100 μm, time of exposure 50 ms) were created in each eye using a slit-lamp delivery system. Selective inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKK2) inhibitor IMD-0354 (10 μg) was delivered subconjunctivally; vehicle-treated mice were the control. The treatment effect on CNV development was assessed at five days post-CNV induction in vivo in C57BL/6 and Cx3cr1gfp/wt mice by fluorescent angiography, fundus imaging, and ex vivo by retinal flatmounts immunostaining and Western blot analysis of RPE/Choroidal/Scleral complexes (RCSC) lysates. In vitro evaluations of IMD-0354 effects were performed in the BV-2 microglial cell line using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. RESULTS IMD-0354 caused a significant reduction in the fluorescein leakage and size of the laser spot, as well as a reduction in microglial cell migration and suppression of phospho-IκBα, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2). In vivo and ex vivo observations demonstrated reduced lesion size in mice, CD68, and Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (IBA-1) positive microglia cells migration to the laser injury site in IMD-0354 treated eyes. The data further corroborate with GFP-positive cells infiltration of the CNV site in Cx3cr1wt/gfp mice. In vitro IMD-0354 (10-25 ng/ml) treatment reduced NF-κB activation, expression of COX-2, caused decreased Actin-F presence and organization, resulting in reduced BV-2 cells migration capacity. CONCLUSION The present data indicate that NF-κB activation in microglia and it's migration capacity is involved in the development of laser CNV in mice. Its suppression by NF-κB inhibition might be a promising therapeutic strategy for wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Hikage
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Anton Lennikov
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical, And Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yosuke Ida
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hu Huang
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Liang Q, Zhao X, Fu X, Wang J, Li Q, Zhao X. Identification of selective ligands targeting two GPCRs by receptor-affinity chromatography coupled with high-throughput sequencing techniques. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104986. [PMID: 34029972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth of demands for drug discovery has necessitated the ongoing pursuit of new methods for specific ligands screening and identification. This work combined receptor-affinity chromatography (RAC) with high-throughput sequencing techniques to rapidly screen and identify the specific ligands. By this method, immobilized angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and endothelin receptor A (ETAR) based on RAC were utilized for lead screening from a DNA-encoded library. The specific ligands of AT1R (ligand A1, A2) and ETAR (ligand B1, B2) were synthesized after decoding by high-throughput sequencing techniques. The dissociation rate constants (kd) of ligand A1, A2 to AT1R and B1, B2 to ETAR were 9.65 × 10-4, 31.1 × 10-4 and 0.66, 1.22 s-1 by peak profiling assay. The association constant (KA) to the receptors of four ligands was 5.4 × 106, 3.3 × 106 and 1.6 × 106, 2.2 × 105 by injection amount dependent method. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the four specific ligands are similar to those of the positive drugs. This indicates that they are promising to drug candidates. The druggability of the four ligands through pharmacokinetic investigation by HPLC-MS/MS presented desired pharmacokinetic behavior including the fast absorption, the relatively slow elimination. These results, taking together, indicated that the RAC combined with high-throughput sequencing techniques can screen and identify the specific ligands according to various proteins, thus creating a general strategy for rapid discovery of promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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19
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Lennikov A, Mukwaya A, Fan L, Saddala MS, De Falco S, Huang H. Synergistic interactions of PlGF and VEGF contribute to blood-retinal barrier breakdown through canonical NFκB activation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112347. [PMID: 33130176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of placental growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PlGF-VEGF) heterodimers are involved in the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown and the associated mechanism, human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were treated with recombinant human (rh)PlGF-VEGF heterodimers and rhPlGF and studied in normal and high-glucose conditions. HREC barrier function was evaluated by the measurement of trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 (AAV5) vectors overexpressed PlGF in the retina by intravitreal injection into the C57BL6 mouse eye. AAV5-GFP vector and naïve animals were used as controls. Immunofluorescence (IF) and western blots examined the protein expression of PlGF-VEGF heterodimers, VEGF, PlGF, NFκB, p-IκBα, ZO-1, and VE-cadherin in HREC and mouse retina. PlGF-VEGF heterodimers were detected predominantly in the HREC cell nuclei based on IF and cytoplasmic and nuclear fractionation experiments. High glucose treatment increased PlGF-VEGF nuclear abundance. Dot immunoblotting demonstrated a strong affinity of the 5D11D4 antibody to PlGF-VEGF heterodimers. rhPlGF-VEGF disrupted the barrier function of HREC, which was prevented by the neutralization of PlGF-VEGF by the 5D11D4 antibody. Stimulation of HRECs with rhPlGF also led to an increase in the nuclear signals for PlGF-VEGF, p-IκBα, and colocalization of NFκB p65 and PlGF-VEGF in the nuclei. The selective IKK2 inhibitor IMD0354 disrupted the nuclear colocalization. Treatment with IMD0354 restored the barrier function of HREC, as indicated by the ZO-1 and VE-cadherin expression. In the mouse retinas, PlGF overexpression by AAV5 vector reduced ZO-1 expression and increased abundance of pIκBα. PIGF/VEGF heterodimers mediate BRB breakdown potentially through the canonical NFκB activation.
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20
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Kessing LV, Rytgaard HC, Ekstrøm CT, Torp-Pedersen C, Berk M, Gerds TA. Antihypertensive Drugs and Risk of Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Hypertension 2020; 76:1263-1279. [PMID: 32829669 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases are associated with an increased risk of depression, but it remains unclear whether treatment with antihypertensive agents decreases or increases this risk. The effects of individual drugs are also unknown. We used Danish population-based registers to systematically investigate whether the 41 most used individual antihypertensive drugs were associated with an altered risk of incident depression. Analyses of diuretics were included for comparisons. Participants were included in the study in January 2005 and followed until December 2015. Two different outcome measures were included: (1) a diagnosis of depressive disorder at a psychiatric hospital as an inpatient or outpatient and (2) a combined measure of a diagnosis of depression or use of antidepressants. Continued use of classes of angiotensin agents, calcium antagonists, and β-blockers was associated with significantly decreased rates of depression, whereas diuretic use was not. Individual drugs associated with decreased depression included 2 of 16 angiotensin agents: enalapril and ramipril; 3 of 10 calcium antagonists: amlodipine, verapamil, and verapamil combinations; and 4 of 15 β-blockers: propranolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol. No drug was associated with an increased risk of depression. In conclusion, real-life population-based data suggest a positive effect of continued use of 9 individual antihypertensive agents. This evidence should be used in guiding prescriptions for patients at risk of developing depression including those with prior depression or anxiety and patients with a family history of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Vedel Kessing
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet (L.V.K.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Thorn Ekstrøm
- Department of Biostatistics (H.C.R., C.T.E., T.A.G.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Research, North Zealand University Hospital (C.T.-P.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, North Zealand University Hospital (C.T.-P.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (C.T.-P.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia (M.B.)
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